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Ranche and range. [volume] (North Yakima, Wash.) 1897-1902, December 18, 1897, Image 5

Image and text provided by Washington State Library; Olympia, WA

Persistent link: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/2007252185/1897-12-18/ed-1/seq-5/

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OUR PERPETUAL EXPERIENCE MEETING.
THE QUESTONS ON SPRAYNG.
We reproduce the questions given in this journal Dee. 4th jgl&ffi&gi
answers so lar received This (toes not by any means close the list >L ansv, ors,
or finish the d scission. On the other hand, it is expected that even deeper
Snterertwill be aroused by keeping our columns open to this topic for a num
ber of issues:
1 What fruit pests are found in our neighborhood i
$ (^HoISI^Sf whit periods do you spray ? (b)
00 T 'lIT fl1 f ™ U 'p^plSf'the .lilforcnt q«.ying Mtattaif Bead over
ftlSl^Pll^oiu^lhp^ is S right
'""I "Vha°t kind of spray apparatus do you use? Do you think the pump
'moth what success have you had in
exterminating same? Describe remedies tried
-SSSS£- &T»- any |
'ICnClf hyou have lJ feed anything of value by your own experience about
nSCtS"^ spraying compounds placed on the
-"ft liS^liiii Answer this question full*
stating why and in what ways.
1 San Jose scale, red spider, green aphis, bark louse, codlin moth,
cherry , the lime? Bulphur , salt and lye solution.
JlllJ 4 prepare them as given in RANCH AND RANGE.
5 A good double attachment force pump.
i Yes The three sprayings with the Paris green, and the bands
about the trunks of the trees, I have found to be as good as anything.
7.Th e ! lime, sulphur/salt and lye solution has been found perfectly
satisfactory. .
10 No; not if properly used.
12 • Yes. Most of them are no good. J;^';-^
13 Yes, it pays well to. I find that good clean sound fruit com
mands a better priL'in any market than a lot of o^™ { > that
ii not even good hog feed. ORLANDO BKL
Fruit Inspector for Yakima County, Wash.
1 The aphis is the only pest in my orchard
2 Kerosene emulsion and the liquid left after blue-stoning wheat.
3. (a) Early in the spring, before the buds swell, (b) Spray before
pruning. the emulsion accor ding to the directions
5! I use the Myers hand pump. It is satisfactory for use in small
' *G S The altitude of the Kittitas valley is too great for the codlin moth.
I have never seen a "wormy" apple in this valley. •
7. Have never been troubled with San Jose scale in my orchard.
9 No
11 Early spraying quite effectively combats the aphis pest. It is an
almost hopeless task to attempt to exterminate them after the leaves appear.
12 I have had no experience with patent spraying compounds.
13* Spraying certainly pays. A tree free from pests makes larger
growth comes earlier to maturity and is thus enabled to bear heavier crops.
The fruit from such trees commands higher prices because free from blemish.
JAS. M. MONTGOMERY,
THE ANSWERS.
RANCH AND RANGE.
1. Aphis, particularly in Western Washington.
2. Lime mikl sulphur for scale and moss. Tobacco and soap ior aphis.
Paris green for codlin moth. Copper solution for fungus growth.
3. The Dumber of times depends on the necessities. Once is all that
is required with lime and sulphur i'or scale.
I. Sulphur, lime and salt solution. 1 use the formula as given, except
that 1 omit the salt and caustic potash and substitute crude sulphur for
flowers of sulphur. Use wet sacking to cover lime barrel while slaking lime.
Agitate constantly instead of frequently, by means of a foot clapper attached
to pump handle.' Filter solution through fine wire netting.
:>. Bean pump is the best I have tried, and is perfectly satisfactory.
6. The Paris green solution for coldin moth, mixing as per formula,
using '200 gallons of water to pound, and add one pound of dissolved fish
glue. The glue holds the poison in place and forms an elastic protection
coating I'or the fruit. This remedy I have found to be effectual on forty
acres of yellow bellilowers, preventing worms from entering apples, when
applied three times during season.
?. Lime and sulphur, as given in answer to No. 4.
8. Answer same as for No. 7. Have observed that strong fresh white
wash, strong salt water, kerosene oil, kerosene emulsion, caustic potash, one
pounds to 100 gallons, have killed scale.
<). Yes. Caustic potash, when applied when tree and atmosphere were
dry. Lime, sulphur and salt solution, when applied during growth. Lon
don purple and Paris green on tender leaves. Kerosene emulsion on leaves,
followed by bright sunshine. Kerosene during growth, or when dormant
tree was dry.
10. Yes. The injury or immunity depends on atmospheric condi
tions, which are very variable and not in our control. If there is enough
moisture present to make it harmless hy dilution, there is no injury. If a
Chinook wind or dry atmosphere, with high temperature, the trees will suf
fer. Under these conditions it will injure the trees before it will kill the
insects.
11. The one thing that I have observed not usually recognized is the
fact that trees originating from a stock of good constitution and having suffi
cient suitable, nourishment, with good cultivation, conducive to a normal,
vigorous growth, that they are to considerable extent immune from insect
pests, particularly such insects as live by absorbing the juices. Have ob
served that he weakest tree is troubled first and most with scale or aphis or
vegetable growth, just as surely as a runt chicken, calf, hog, dog or colt is
more subject to lice. A good dressing of much needed manure is often the
best way to fight some insect pests.
12. Never tried patent medicine on trees.
13. Yes. By making the trees clean.
Tacoma, Wash.
A. B. LECKENBY.
1. San Jose scale, codlin moth, green aphis, red spider.
2. Lime, sulphur and salt and Paris green.
3. For San Jose scale we spray once a year, in February or March; in
badly affected trees we spray twice. For codlin moth we spray not less than
ten times, from the first of June to the middle of September. For summer
apples not so late. We also use the band system around the trees for codlin
moth.
4. Some of our fruit growers use steam for boiling the lime, sulphur
and salt, and some use large wooden vats with sheet iron bottom, say, six feet
long, two feet deep and two feet wide. They generally use two of these and
some use three. They have one to make hot water, so as to fill in while
it is boiling in the place of adding cold water. While they use one tankful
the other one is boiling in preparation for use. They generally slake a whole
barrel of lime in one of these vats, then they add one sack of sulphur of, say,
100 pounds; then they boil for two hours; then they add a sack of salt, 100
pounds; then they add enough water to make 300 gallons. Use warm while
spraying and strain it through a fine wire sieve. It would be well for every
one who uses this wash to have Beaume scale for acid hydrometer, and if it
shows eight degrees strength it is strong enough then to kill San Jose scale.
The great trouble is that some use this wash too strong and some not strong
enough. If you use it too strong on the peach and cherry trees it is liable
to injure them. You must also bear in mind the more lime you use the
quicker the sulphur is dissolved. There is some sulphur that is a good deal
stronger than others. The French sulphur is twice the strength of the Japa
nese sulphur.
For codlin moth we use Paris green, in 200 gallons of water to one
pound. We also use some air-slaked lime, about eip-ht pounds: that keeps
ihe Paris green from settling to the bottom of the tank, or whatever they use.
You must also keep it stirred up continuously while you are spraying.
For green aphis we use kerosene emulsion and soap suds.
5. For spraying we use either one of the kinds known as the Bean
Ellensburg, Wash.
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