1 ?* - - - fw.'jj.usm.'." ?.. .JU
THE
NEWS AND HERALD. |
v r- r rvrrrsn is v w i? r ur w n v v< n A V
? O D* lj l s? kl J J j/ l J r i j is. * r> .
I
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Mania^e and death notices free. Regu- j
lar rates char-red for obituaries.
Orders for Job Work solicited.
Ail iuioir.css communications should be
addressed t"> 1\ (i Dwijrht.
All communications fur publication
should ]?. addressed to V,\ D. Douglass.
This newspaper is i.ot responsible for
opinions Hi"! views oxpiesscd anywhere
;?!>* than in the editorial eoiuTii.
Ail articles lor publication must be accompanied
by the true name of the author
and written * in rcspeetful langus ge and
written on one side of the paj*er 'Inetrue
agme required as an e\idence of jjood faith.
WINNSBORO, S. C.
Weduosday. Anynst 2. : : : 18S3
Frwce and Siatn is even worse than
the United States and Chili, but on the
same principle?might is right.
Think of a Senator "pufling" himself
in newspaper dispatcher That's
Senator Irby'.s way of appearing great
to his home people.
Senator Infer has certainly padded
nothing to his already doubtful reputation
for courage by striking a gentleman
as well up m years as G. \V.
Shell, and then to at'.einpt te stab him j
makes it all the more cowardly. I
Capt. James II. Tillman tells some
hard things on the Junior Senator
from South Carolina. Having been a
newspaper correspondent in Washington,
he had the means of knowing
pretty well how it happened that the
Senator was puffed by Georgia papers.
The confession of Thompson, the
negro lynched in Lexington on Sanday,
showed that he .and his companions
in crime deserve death. We have
110 words of censure or condemnation
- ? for the "mob." Thompson was guilty
of a n)0?t outrageous crime, and it
might as well be known that whenever
it is committed the assailant, if
caught, will be lynched, and lynched
speedily and without ceremony. *
It is a matter of pride and congratulation
that in the midst ?f this epiof
bauk failures the Southern
banks stand so firm. Comptroller
Kckles has complimented the banking
institutim< of this section upon the
"safe and conservative manner'-' in
whiclu theyg are conducted, and says
their management is highly commendable.
Especially has S?uth Carolina
to congratulate herself upon the absence
of even the slightest flurry in her
banking institutions.
Pauley's reply to Irby is simply
scorching in its tone, and as racy and
se?^friLas.one could desire. The
^^^feyhas assumed a "now you
Ifarlev s letter is full of plain words,
lirst ridiculing then taunting our poor
Junior Senator, and if that wortny
lias not yet felt so it is safe to say that
he now feels "lik a fool at a frolic."
Maybe Jim Tillman's letter will add
the finishing touch and complete Irby's
"cap of sorrow." Meanwhile we are
all interest as to the final result.
President Craighead, of Clemson.
is a man of sound sense as is demonstrated
by his letter in regard to the
recent troubles at that school. His
letter should be read by every one
who has children to send to school for
it is applicable not alone to those who
attend Clemson. It is a notorious
fact that those who go to college with
less money are among the first to kick
against the fare, etc, etc. Then again
lie comes at those parents who are
foolish enough to tell their sons to
come back if they do not like everything.
For these "spoiled children"
he says we have uo use. Ilis letter is
what every president of a college will!
endorse and he is very sensible to have
written it.
Columbia I>eserves It.
In their references to the rccent
meeting of the Press Association in
Columbia, the Editors of the btate are j
unstinted in their praise of the manner
in which they were entertained by the
people of ihe capital city during their
stay. They were thoroughly impressed.,
too, with the many and substantial
evidences of the city's rapidly
increasing prosperity.
These words of praise from the
Editors is simply an expression of the
interest in our capital city which is, or
should be, felt throughout the State.
IStnKon Threatened.
i
.Tudire Hudson, who enjoined the op-1
cuinir of the Dispensary at Darlington,
the other day. but who was overruled
by Associate" Justice Tope, of the Supreme
Court, and the Dispensary allowed
to open, has -till further shown
his animus and would-be dictatorial
power against the Administration by
issuing an order requiring Dispenser
Floyd and the County Board of Cohtrol
to show cause why they should
not be punished for contempt. In ;
other words. Judge Hudson wants to '
put these men in jail because they
obeyed the order of a Judge of the f
_ Supreme Court rather than that of:
Circuit Judge Hudson. Three other j
Judges, with as much power as Judge j
Hudson, have decided that the Dis-;
pensary is constitutional, but Judge
Hudson is so desperate about his
chances of re-election that his latest
decision smacks more of tyranny than
justice. It" this is any evidence as to
what length Judge Hudson would go
l.rt - ! ?!/} urtirni- Iiatv -fvvwii
JA. uv VUi; AJttvt liiv J'v ?? X'AV*.*.- I
2iatc it is that he did not succeed, in |
the days of Bourbon rule, in inducing |
the Legislature to establish a life-ten- j
un^fg^Judgcs.
exi step Judge Hudson
^^jssue an order against j
^ fenrinu that body- to j
Kuld not be* at-1
his imperious |
uu ijl . .-i? camacr r wm. m n ss
decision. If there is anv possible
way for the Judge to do t hi* we suggest
that lie lose jio time, for by '''attaching"
that "bodyv aiul holding on
to it until lie can force a favorable
verdict is about the only way the
Judge will be able to further prolong
his tenure of office.?Laurenscille Iler- (
aid. j (
It seems from the above tint some ]
newspapers are determined to prove i
that Judge Hudson is actuated by pre- ;
judicc in his decisions on the Dispell- (
sary Act, even if they have to go out- |
side i f true facts to establish their as- .
sertic o. The Herald starts cut in the i
above by asserting that Judge Hudson 1
wanted to put the Darlington Dispenser
in jail for having disobeyed j
the order of injunction granted by i
him, when as a matter of fact the ]
Judge had to issue a rule against the .
Dispenser to shew cause why lie s-honld
not be held for contempt, and His i
Honor has decided that he had no
power to hold him for contempt,
eo this statement was premature.
AVe think that when a Judge on the <
oencli is criticised, the criticism should
be directed to the weakness of his '
decisions, and not a mean, contemptible
imputation of bad motives. It i
will indeed be a bad day for South
Carolina when our judiciary shall be
awed by a fear of losing their office.
We believe Judge Hudson is too high
a man to be influenced by such threats,
and will willingly surrender his office
before he will render a decision not in
accordance with his view of the law.
The press of the State should not encourage
such threats, but should strive
te make the judiciary independent and
untrammeled by a fear of losing office.
AKE YOU GOIXG TO THE WORLD'S
FAIR i
If so, see that vour ticket reads via
Cincinnati and ifc C. ti. Ji I), and
Motion?:he acknowledged "Wo ld'.s
Fair Route."
The onlv line out. of Cincinnati conneciing
wi'h E. T. V. & G. and Q. &
C. train No. 2, arriving Cinrinuati
lt.30 r. .v. A solid train carrying
through sleepers from Ja:k*ouville,
Savai n ih, Birmingham, Atlania, Chattanooga.
Macon and New Orleans via
E. T. Vr: & G., Q. & C., C. II. & D.
j and Monon Route to Cbictgo.
You can stop over in Cincinnati if
your ticket leads via the C. H.&D.
and the Motion Route, by depositing
same with the Merchants' and Manufacturers'
Association, Chamber of
Commerce Bunding, cori.cr of Fourth
and Vine Streets, one block from
Fountain Square (the C. II. ?fc D.
j ticket office is in the same building).
J This enables you to visit the pictur
esque "yaeen uuv- at no uuuiuuum
cost, and special efforts will be made
to entertain strangers lio<{ itably and
j reasonably.
| The universal verdict of the traveling
public is that the Pullman Safety
J Vestibuled train?, running every day,
j "and Sunday too," via the C. 11. & D,
I and Motion, between Cincinnati, In.
j dianapolis and Chicago, are without
j doubt ih3 "finest on earth." These
j traiu> were especially bail? by tin
| Pullman Companv for tkis service,
j ami embrace every improvement.
Their magnificent coache?, luxurious
smoking cars, superb sleepers, observation
cars, compartment sleeping
cars and unexcelled dining car service,
afford "all the comforts of home."
Leaving Cincinnati you pass through
the beautiful Miami Valley, and for
twentv-five miles the double tracks
rnn Mironwh the vcrv front door vards
of the finest suburban homes in the
country. Beyond Hamilton and up to
Indianapolis, feline is noted for its
Krftfiln orintjuika,?ay bs obtained by I
! depositing your ticket with the SecreI
ury of the Commercial Club. This
I city is more worthy of it visit than
i almost any other of its size in the
West,and offers the greatest inducements
to traveller and tourist. Between
Indianapolis aii Chicago the
line traverses the very l?est agricultural
and commercial territory, and the
ride is one of unparalleled comfort and
beauty.
Bear in mind that the C. H. & I).
! and Mo?son Route trains ali run via
Burnside Crossing, from which point
! the Illinois Central suburban trains
j run direct to the World's Fair Grounds
J every moment. At Englewood con
neetion is made, with the electric cars,
which run every five minutes to the
grounds, but we recommend all
persons to go directiv into the Dearborn
Station, which is located in the
heart of the city and from which all
street car lines converge, then go directly
by car or cab t? your hotel or
boarding place. First locate yourself;
know where and how you are to live
while in Chicago. Get the locality
firmly fixed in your mind, before
going to the World's Fair by any of
thA nnmprrtns convenient wavs: the
cable cars, electric roads, elevated
railroad, Illinois Central U. 11., suburban
trains and i lie steamboats
afford ample accommodation? for all
possible visitors, and it is but five
minutes ride from the business portion
of the city to the grounds. Take your
breakfast down town, buy yonr lunch
at the ground?, and take your supper
down town. If yon follow these
suggestions you will save money.
The facilities lor serving lunch at the
World's Fmit f-J rounds are xtraonli
nary and (ho prices are cheaper than I
at your own home, but breakfast, and .
snpper fcbould be taken down town,
or at your boarding house. The
World's Fair is already the most astounding
and stupendous spectacle
ever attempted by any people, acd a '
day's visit will afford more delight
and instruction than can possibly be ;
obtained in any other war or br the
same expenditure of money. For
farther particulars, descriptive pamphlet?,
rates, etc., address
E. A. iiOOVER, (
General Advertising Azent C. II. & ,
D. E. R.. No. 200 W. Fourth St., \
Cincinnati, O.
tatk of Ohio, City of Toledo, )
Lucas Couxty. $ w J
Fkaxk J. Cheney makes oath that
he is the senior partner of the firm of ,
F. J. Ciikxey & Co., doing business ,
in the City of Toledo, County and ,
State aforesaid, and that said firm will
pay the sum of ONE IIUXDRED ,
DOLLARS for each and every case of (
Catarrh that cannot be cured by the ,
use of Hall's Catarrh Cure.
FRANK J. CIIEXEY.
Sworn to before me and subscribed j
in niv presence, this Oth day of Dc- <
cember, A. P., 188G.
$ seal I A. \\\ OLE A SON.
( ?~ S Xotary Public. .
Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally {
and acts directly or. the blood and :
mucous surfaces of the system. Send t
for testimonials, free.
F. J. CIIEXEY & CO., Toledo. O. j
;:=r"SoM by Druggists, 7.5c. ^
mickien'h arqicn oaivn. ^
The Bkst Salve in the world for Cuts, J
Bruises. >ores, Ulcers, Sait Rheum, Fever *
Sores, Tetter, Chepped Hands, Chill plains, J
Corns, and al! Sk'in Eruptions, and posi- \
lively cures Piles, or no pay required P 5
is guaranteed to ?ive perfect satisfaction,
or money refunded. Price 2.-5 -;nts Dei
box. For sale by Mr&as'er & Co. '
MR. IIORR OX SIT.VER. I
first Reply to Senator Stewart-?Mr. Ilorr !
Selects tlie Viral Points of Mr. Stewart's
Preliminary -Argument for Attack?Atten'ion
to l?e Given to the Other Points
15e.'i?rc ctiivring up.)n a direct reply
o tti- article of Senator Stewart, I dc ire
i?' >i>I* a lew proportions in
refei t-uci: 1 i lie development and wel- |
[are ot the iiuuian race which I con- J
>ider well si-uted.
Ail animal life i? dependent upon I
t nee things?air to biCathe, swuicIhing
to eat, ai.d something to drink.
Air, water and food are a 11 :-.bso!nte
necessities to the su-tenan.;-; of animal .
life and human existent:.
As a rule, air forces itself into every j
nook and c?rner of the world, and i-|
ready for use without human labor, j
L'tinsccjuenilt it lias no commercial ;
value as compared uiili other articles, j
This is nut true :ir%va\s. Sometime*
in 'he mill s ot ilie world certain j
noxious vapors ining'ft ?viI!j the air I
and render it destructive to life \vhei. j
breathed into the .un?s ot human
bein^-. In .-ucli cases the foul air
muU be forui'U out and pure air j
forced in, in order to sustain life. To i
rio tnat requires human cflbrt ?labor.
Instantly pate air in tho*c mines be-;
?<>mes <ommercialij valuable, and its!
ra'ue is measured, i:i the li:ia! analy.-is, i
bv the amount if human iflbrt re-j
quired t? force it into li:e mine; the!
raw luateiial costs noiliing.
Something to drink-water?i< also'
supplied in abundance b- nature und
c..n be hud by simply taking it, us all
animals procure it. and ordinarily it
has no commercial value. Cut whenever
the human family desire t > use
t;a:er iu places wlieie it is not >np- j
plied by nature icady for use, Uvn
water becomes an article of commercial J
value, and its price is also measured, |
in the tinal analysis, simply by the
amount of human labor which it takes j
to furnish it in the desired place. |
Again the raw material costs nothing, j
hi the case ot food, nature does not
provide it ready for u-c, 111 snc!i abund
nice as air and water. In some
places where fruits are abundant and
pupil'at ion scarce, food can be procured
with as liitlo effort as drink; j
and when surrounded by such c<>u-j
diiioiis, f-ied possesses no commercial
value. l>nt. a> a rule, taking tlie
world at large, the lbod lo sustain
animal life among most of the brute
cieation ami uearlv a I of tlje human
family its obtained onlv by exertion,
llence the lirst ai tide that had commercial
value in the worlj was some
kind of food, and the value of that,
too, was determined by the amount of
labor required to procure it.
Next to these three absolute necessities
lor human existence came shelter
from storm?, protection ngainst destruction
by wild animals, which
would destroy human life in order to
su.tain their own, a place to get restful
sleep. Hence came iht? use of
caves, wigwams, houses. Then fol-!
lowtd protection fioin the excess of
cold; and clothing soon became a
com tort, and sometimes a necessity, j
We m?w have named nve inings,
which may be said to comprise the
necessities of comfortable human
existence: Pnre air to breathe; good
water to cliink; wholesome food to
eat; a place in which one will b^ safe
from s.'irin, where he can sieep in
security and get perfect rest, a home;
and clothing to wear.
WHAT GIVES TAI.LE TO ANYTHING.
Food for man is u-uallv procured
only by exertion; and primarily its
commereid ralue was measured
siinplv by tbe amount of human effort
n quired to procure it. The same was
true of all clothing, of oil houses, of
all commodities which had any market
value.
Hence what first yave commercial
value to any article was human toil.
The amount of human eflort ^required
toiHOtfiice or procure it iBxedl.
~?t- ? -lcpiuce il wnten
once destroyed or parted with.
I have little doubt that the first unit
of value when one was adopted was
determined by the amount of human
effoit n qul eil to produce it. Whin
men came to trade, they did it by
''barter," an exchange of one commodity
for another, which was in reality
only an exchange of one man's
labor for that of another: No doubt,
for eges no other k'nd of commerce
was known. Such a thin^ as moneyhad
not yet been dreamed of, which is
simply saying that no substance had
vor In lio n5 woi'fM'ul
medium of exchange. In other words,
noihing had yet been discovered which
would be received by all people in exchange
for any and all articles, and j
which would pass from hand to hand
eviM*> where as the ineasuie of value,
or would be hoarded that it might be
used as money at seme future time.
Liter in the growth of the human
race gold and silver were selected as
such articles and came to be used as
monev, simply because they possessed
qualifies that adip'ed them to that
purpose, and the cost in human labor j
of producing them measured the value!
of each. It was still an exchange ofj
"day's work." Ilf-nce the only thing j
that could have bien consideied in;
making an cxchango wa-; quantity and i
quality, weight ai d fineness. it' not ;
in ( x*ci words, at any rate in cllect, j
parties agreed upuii how much human i
loil a horse represented, and then how j
much or silver represented the
same aniouut of human efl'>rt, and i
the exchange took placi?.
Just so long as coinage simply j
stated the weight and gmranieed the j
firtnnncc t\\c* nn n?iif f\f rolno '
was needed exocpr the amoun' ofI
labor represented. Every transiction |
vras a simple exchange ef one ariiclc j
for another; and all this perplexing i
bother about, a "standard of value" i
has come from nations giving a coin !
some arbiiiarv name, which did not:
desiguate c.u-intity, and then con>ti [
tilting that coin tiie "unit of value'']
and fixing by law of what weight and |
fineness ot soiae metal or metal- such j
c>in should be composed.
LABOR THE BASIS OK VALUE. <
Let me repeat: Originally the value j
of every ai tide was measured by the;
amount of human exertion required to
secure or produce it. Hence ihe first!
unif ot value was, in effect, soni2 fixed j
amount of human effort. The natural
[iivi?ion of human effort was into I
time?duration of < fi'urt. The original ;
measure or vauie was prouauty a j
;<dav's work." What we call 'barter"
iva< simply, in reality, an exchange of
'May's wotk-." At rii>t .-kill. the u*c
machinery, improved method* of
transportation, advantages which c.?me .
from the use of accumulated capital,
he use of rnotey. were small factors,:
f any, in the production of the world.
All th'Si came Lter with the growth'
>f the human race, wi h wl.ut we cull
;civil:/.at'on.J'.
It will occuiious to liitd, alter a'l
he ages of struggle and growth, that .
niman exertion, ei her mental or j
jhvsical, or bDJh combined, is j-till ;
he real element of commercial value
tithe civilized world, as it was in!
he primal days of man. Menial |
fxertion is more valuable than physical,
simply tiecku-e it cneapens production
>f ihe necessities ar.d com furls of life, j
>r because it supplies some demand of!
;ivil;zation which can only be HippKcd
)y the highest order of human intelli-1
fence. Ilence skilled labor has al- '
*ravs been more valuable than un- i
skilled.
LABOR ML'ST BE CONSIDERED.
In order that the human race may |
ei'j'jy what we call "life," two thiuors J
arc very necessary. Firs!, good health,!
which can bo .-ecuri-d only by a j
sufficiency of ilie necessities of life, |
with a fair addition of it? comforts?
clothing and houses. Secondly, freedom
from worry or anxiety about the
future, which i> largely found in security
for finurc supplies.
To hf mnrp pyrtlif.il. am* ivstpm i
svliici- s-ecures 10 a man ihe power of j
procuring' the necessities of life for
himself ami his lamily, ami enables
him to ?ave .-ometiiii?ir to u-e in case j
ot sickncss, which will impair his I
ability to work, or old nirf, which j
will destroy his power to labor, will j
relieve l.in: from an anxiety which i
might otherwise render life almost in- !
tolerable. From this fart sprang, the
desire ot accumulation. The desire to
provide against the wants of ihe
futuie is so strong that it is second
onlv to the desire to provide for present
want?. Hence it is tint in every l'.?r:n
OI Civil XtlMMl lllL' IlCClllIUliUllUII t/i.
property has always been one of the
strongest motives to human ell'jrt.
The same principle, which made it
right Jt'or a human being to appropriate
to his own use an article procured by
his own effort, in order that he might
meet the cravings of hunger or guard
against the disasters of cold and storms,
also gave him the right to preserve and
keep for future use what he did not
need for that day's consumption.
Thus 1 ho right of ownership comes
from the light to control one's own
labor or the product of labor.
Jf tie foregoing st site men is are
cornel, thru any system of civilization
which secures to human effort the
best returns, which, while leaving a
man hi< freedom, sjcusc^ to all* who
wili hib >r a cenainty c-f "receiving a
suflio'.e icy ot' the necessities of life,
with ihe addition of as many comforts
as possible, and leaves a margin for
accuuiula'i >11 to those who are m?st
intelligent, energetic, industrious and
frugal, and which will do this under
conditions compatible with good
iiHfilth?I roneat such a svstem i.-> the
be?~t which unman ingenuity can devise.
If the abjvc proposition is correct
(and I ask Mr. Stewart to point out
its detects.) then the most important
question in settling1 any system of
finance must. be to determine what
method will secure to the human
family not only its freedom but the
best returns for all kinds of human
effort, physical and mental, ilcnce
the main factor in such a decision anisL
always be, as it was in the beginning,
lo secure to all the human family good
returns for work actually done each
daw
WE MUST AID THOSE WHO EAKN\
Any statesman or philosopher who
examiucs any question ami proposes
any mode of action and leaves out of
his calculations how his plan will
aflect the pay for labor, ignores the
most important part of the subject and
is simply giving his attention 10 a,
mere "sideshow." My first criticism
011 the article of Mr. Stewart is, tai<en
as a whole, that he has done just that
aad nothing eise. IIis whole .lim
seems to be to enable people who have
run into debt to pay their debt> without
returning full value for what :hey
received, and he nowhere takes into
his acoom.t the much larger army of
the human family who live week in
and week out, on tluir daily carnirgs.
lie tells us that our pnsent "dollar"
buys too much of ihu necessities and
comfons of life. Where he can iind
one man who will say that i will agree
to lind five who will state that it buys
4\f f*\\7 j Klfl t \ All
IUU llltJC. ? uv; ? i \J >? ill V/Illii^vivn
can always be measured by tie increasing
amount of neces=iiic> and
comforts which come to the human
family as the entire result of each
day's tehor.
The great question of lf:c, th"-?. >s
not so to legislate its muAt-^^y to
help those Who P" ' .
iNuwnere m this whole article .of Mr.
Stewart's has the wage-earner (and
the great bulk of (he human family are
wage-earners) received the slightest
attention. ] leave it for him to explain
why he has thus attempted "to
play'Hamlet"and "left Hamlet entirely
out of the play."
AX UXCn.\X<;iXG STANDARD IMPOS:!DLK.
He tells us, "there is some difficulty
in securing an exact standard of value."
Why did he not state the real fact,
"that no exact standard of value caa
I be secured f
Tne yardstick is fixed ;uid iis length
determined by an unerring experiment
iu physical science. The weights used
on our scales, the s*ze of our halfbushel
measure and the pint cup are
determined by other unchanging laws
of physical science. If these measures
should all bi destroyed they can be
produced exactly by scientific methods.
They can always* be kept precisely
the same.
No such tiling is possible in the case
of'4a standard of value." All that
human ingenuity can do is t > select
some substance which varies in commercial
value as little as possible and
which is subj.'ct to as few Midden
lluciuations as possible. It matters
not what substance is taken, some
variations in value, either up or.'own,
will occur; but if such variations are
slaw and amount to little in considerable
periods of time, they will not
seriously allect the use ot the staadard,
because the great bulk of human
transactions arc completed in a shoit
time. The vast majority of financial
dealings arc closcd within cach month.
Some few run six months and a year,
some from two to ten years, and a few
la:\<rft transactions run through i loner
series of years; but these are all usually
the issuing of long-time obligations
by governments er large corporations,
which cannot be provided for in the
fixing ol any standard.
DOUCI.E STANDARDS.
A standard of value has been said
to be "an ideal something*'; but when
the unit by which we arc lo measure
commercial values is fixed it must of j
necessity be so fixed by naming a certain
quantity of something. The
standard could be ot anv substance
which has commercial value. It lias
been for ages either gold or silver, or
both, as has been deemed best by the
wi-e men of each nation. A few
vmis nrrn most of the civilized nations
used both; today nearly all of them
arc using" gold only. A double standard
is a mental impossibility, except
when the two are substantially one. I
The moment they separate much in j
value confusion must arise.
The trouble all comes, it seems t.>
me, from governments having mod- !
died too much in business transactions.
The coining of money should never i
have been anything other than fixing
the "quantity and quality" of the
mental in each piece. Then all contracts
would have been made in so
much s-urc gold or so much pure sil- i
vcr. No "legal tender" laws would I
have been needed. The tender in j
each case would have been the thing :
designated in each contract or bar-1
gain" I
Dodge it as best we can, in the end
all trade is simply an exchange of one
product of human labor for some
other product. (Jold and silver arc
two such products: and their value is j
determined the same as other commodities
by the cost of production and
the uses to which they arc put; by
supply and demand: and the demand
for them :i> money, and their use as
?u<-h, is a large element in lixing their
value as commodities.
Gold and silver arc used in all nai
I
lions as money, without regard to <
whether the nation ha? a gold stand- :
ard, a silver standard, or a double :
standard. More than twice as much i
silver is utilized today as money than
was being used as such in 1*7:5.
Hence the real controversy between
Mr. Stewart and myself is not as to i
the use o? silver as money, but as to
the advisability of changing the standa
../I svC O <?V\M Mllf? tA n
ttlli VI \iilUU A I 'Mil J.VIV.4 ^
silver standard, or to a double standard.
wiiv Mi.vi:t: i- no i.?>n<;i:k tiii: staxdAUD.
Senator Stewart claims that the fall
in the price of silver has been oceasio!;cd
by the exclusion of it a- a standard
of value, and that on tli.it account
gold has been going up in pr ee and
other productions have fallen in price,
and that men who owe money are
compelled t? pay a much larger value
n<>u* than the sum their obligations
called for at the lime they were given,
lie says that values have fallen 40 per
cent since 1*73.
T .!/?.?? 11'IiaIA <^nniM*ol 1 t T All
JL t-HJIIN J 1 I "5 \\ I1UIV> pi vj/ucivivi.
in toto. 1 assert that the silver standard
lias been largely discarded by the
world because silver has become
cheaper and cheaper, owing to the
same causes which have cheapened
other articles, and because the fluctuations
in its price arc so sudden that
it has become a poor substance to use
as a standard. 1 claim that this change
of standard iias been caused by agencies
largely outside of the demonetization
of silver.
Senator Stewart virtually claims
that what lie seeks is a cheaper dollar.
I shall maintain that the substitution 1
of a cheaper dollar for our present
one will injure more people than it
will help, and would be a stab at the
price of human effort?of work both
mental and physical. The difference
between us is radical, and the two
positions are irreconcilable.
TEMPER OK TIIE DERATE.
I < l.A _/-??1 f f O tr Al'/l OO f A T lirt
I III 11HJ 'UU13CVJ V41V, j
i spirit of tliis debate. I had supposed
that we were to try and examine the
! question from the standpoint of a
| wise political economy and real statcs!
mansiiip.
Why, then, dues he call the resort to
the single gold standard a "scheme of
the bondholders and money loaners to !
obtain a fraudulent and wicked ad- j
vantage?*" He tells us that the "advocates
of this wicked scheme have
the effrontery to claim for it an honest
purpose." The spirit of his entire
article is based upon the claim that
the men who difl'er with him, and who
favor the present gold standard, are a
set of robbers and a combined gang of
I thieves. Is it possible that tne setia|
tor does not know the difference between
vituperation and argument?
Calling men hard names proves nothing.
As a rule, such talk is in danger
of being called by those who prefer
strength to elegance "die merest rot."
It would be easy for me to retaliate.
A gentleman stated to me the other day
that there is no prominent advocate of
the free coinage of silver in this country
who is not either an owner of silver
mines or a paid attorney of the
Silver Syndicate. He asserted that
Senator Stewart and A. J. Warner,
both active advocates of free coinage
arc now being paid, and had been
paid for years, for their work in favor
of free coinage by such a syndicate.
I doubt the truth of his statement.
But, even if true, the fact would have
nothing to do with the question we j
arc to discuss. A man might advo- j
| cate a system which would be beneli- \
I cinl for fhc nconle even if naid fori
doing it. So a man may occasionally
buy a bond, or loan some money, and
still be neither a schemer nor a thief.
Men of mean? are sometimes just as
liontat.. just as patriotic and just as
philanthi-iuie as those who have little.
There may uc--m)T1p *
time in this country,"" ana ivho"*^ i0
from no selfish motives.
It is possible for men to differ aw>ut I
a question so full of complications as I
this one and not be scoundrels on
either side. 1 approach the question
with the following1 environment: I
own 110 bonds; am not a money loaner:
am in debt to some extent. If I could
pay what I owe with a cheap dollar it
might seem nice to me. I prefer,
however, to be a little longer in paying,
and feel sure that I return as good
a dollar as the one loaned me. I
sought (he loan. It was not forced
upon me. Indeed, the money was
loaned me more in a spirit of "kindness
than as,a matter of speculation or
profit. But I am a wage-earner. I
have lived most of my lifetime on pay
for work done. Sometimes my pay
has been good, sometimes not so'good.
I am personally interested in having
my wages paid me in geed meney.
But no more so than is every other
man who works for fixed wages. In
! my present position on the Tnbime I
am perfectly untrammelled. Xo man
connected with the management of
this paper has ever attempted in the
least to induce nic to advocate any
particular side of this or any other
question. The only instruction I have
ever received is this: ''Try and find
out the truth, and advocate only what
you honestly believe will be Inst, for
the country."
In view of these facts, 1 now beg
Senator Stewart hereafter to confine
his articles to a discussion of ho.v his
system will :ifleet the welfare of the
j people of the United States first, and !
j then afterward the rest of the world, j
| If he finds it impossible to believe that
a man can diller with him and be
honest, he should endeavor to suppress
his indignation at the bulk of
mankind during this debate, lie
should do this the more willingly because
the expression of feeling can in
no way strengthen a single fact which
has any bearing upon the subject under i
| dispute. Now for his facts.
! QUANTITY ALONE DOKS XOT FIX IMilCES.
The s'atements upon which he buses
liis argument arc manifold. First lie
claims the quantity of money which is
used as the standard of value, compared
with all the oher property of
the world, controls value and fixes
prices. 1 deny that. It is for him to
prove.
lie says: "The value of money,
equally with tho value of the other
commodities, is governed by ihe law
of supply and demand, and depends
upon the quantity." That statement j
maybe cdied really brilliant! Ilcrc;
if. is in another form. The value ofi
money is governed by the quantity I
(the supply) and the demand and depends
upon the quantity/' "Why use
the qualification "and demand" in
one part of tlie sentence and omit it in I
the other? Ilis statement, to prove [
what he desired to prove should have [
been. '-The value of money, unlike
every other commodity, is governed !
by the supply alone, and hence de- j
pends upon the quantity and nothing j
else.*' Indeed his whole argument is
based upon the statement that quantity
alone determines value, which is never
true.
riliri:? X EVE IJ STATIONARY.
To prepare for this position, he
stated earlier that "the general range :
of prices would be comparatively stationary
if measured by a true stand- j
ard. A standard of value which,
when compared with the aggregate of ;
all property, except the standard, i
would maintain substantially the same
range of prices would be a true stand- i
ard." (
The first statement 1 deny. The j
?asa?aaeaa?age?manaamamu mui,ia? ??c
general range of prices is not stationary
; it never will be. The entire effort
ami result of civilization is to
cheapen :<' pr -V'cts and to secure
more of everything- for each day's
work a mau performs with liands or
head, or both. Articles mat aie produced
by human toil alone without
the aid of inventions would advance
in price as wages <ro up. But the ingenuity
of man has been constantly
devising ways to produce articles by
compelling the forces of nature to do
a large part of the work, and, on that
account production is sec nr. d with so
much less human toil that uages have
been constantly driven u[> and the
price of articles driven down.
Of what use is the second part of
the statement when we all know that
no such ideal standard is p ssible? It
is inipo>>ib!e to conceive of a standard
(at least it is for mo) which would
not itself be .subject to some fluctuation,
and which would not be affected
by the same law* which govern all
commodities. When compared with
human effort, gold has been growing
cheaper and cheaper for the last fifty
years. That is, every kind of a day s
work of a human being commands
more and more gold, as well as more
of oilier products as civilization advances.
Indeed, that civilization may
be said to be the highest where wages
of all kinds arc the best. Gold has no
doubt gone down 111 price for the last
twenty years, but not so much as
many other articles, and perhaps not
so much as an average of all other
products.
HAS (JOI.D INCREASED IN PKICE?
Whether gold, when compared with
all other articles, has been constantly
increasing in price, is a question about
which the men differ who have examined
it the most carefully and laboriously.
Senator Stewart "ought to have
known that such is the case; and yet
he asserts its large increase in price,
as if the nronosition were undisputed.
When compared with human labor, I
know that gold has been growing
cheaper and cheaper. I do not think,
however, it has fallen in price so much
as the bulk of other articles, and simply
because its production has not been
aided as much by labor-saving methods
as has the production of other
articles; and because, also, the increase
in quantity has not outstripped
its uses as much as has been the case
with other products. In order to give
plausibility to his theory he asserts that
the gold of the world, used as money,
has been a stationary quantity for
twenty years. I deny the statement
and challenge him to prove it. Such
is not, so far as I know, claimed by
any good authority. Here is a table
showing the production of gold in the
world from 1S73 to 1892, inclusive:
1873 8 90,200,000
187-1 90,750,000
1875 97,500,000
187 G 103,700,000
187 7 113,974,000
187 8 119,092,000
187 9 108,778,800
1S80 100,436,700
*1 AO AftA AAA
15S1 j
1332 101,996,000
1883 95,392,000
1881 101,729,000
188 5 108,435,000
188 6 ; 106,162,000
188 7 105,775,400
188 8 110,196,900
188 9 123,489,200
189 0 120,465,300
189 1 126,158,200 i
189 2 131.158,200
Total $2,170,389,100
That statement is taken from the report
of our Director of the Mint.
I find in <>.*.e who claims that the
loss In wear and by use in the arts
am] sciences during that length ol
time exiMtdi $1)00,000,000. A?Iuii>
- ' - - -<?t.? > .? thoti
Ill]"" I 111 S IJIgll C&UIHatU iu UU ......
- - ? * - -^- '
gold in tlic world in the last nineteen
years the enormous sum of ov<r
I SI.-200,000,000. However, some of the
[ tno^t careful aunlc nt5 u( tiatistlcs
claim -vi^at i ho sum takrn lrotn the
rti^jey ?up{Av dutiug that time does
not exoccd $500,000,000. If tbis estimate
be the truy o?ie, tneu lhe increase
of gold i:i ihti world to* the la-t nineteen
years has been over $ I,too,000.000.
I will now give a table iVo^ the
same source, showing lhe anion :t oi
sold in circulation in the United Siales
from 1879 to 1S92, inclusive:
157 9 $201,155,547
158 0 359,S45,200
1881 484,267,45S
155 2 571,794,835
155 3 025,120,703
18S4 643,802,097
1S85 729,920,170
ifiRfi 721 947.700
188 7 770,609,152
188 8 847,842,005
188 9 833,112,057
189 0 S53,12(5,108
189 1 799,069,27S
1S92 820,614,375 i
lam aware that these arc simply j
estimates ami estimates only. What!
statistician has cycr prepared a table I
which shows t:ie {fold money of the
world to be a stationary quantity ? I
have lailcd to iind any such table.
COI.D (JOES FARTHER NOW.
l'hat the quantity < f <rold has not
increased as fast as the business of the
world has increased, 1 admit. But it
does not tak<; as much ?fold to do the
same amount < f i tHinesi today as it
former!} d'd. Human ingenuity has
ilevi.-eii methods so that $100 in gold
will do Hie s:i mu v. oik I hut moie than
$2,000 ibed to do. Ue:ice, the statement
that quantity alone determines
the value ot gold is iicorreci. This
increasfd power of gold, which enables
one dollar to do tho work that twenty
or more dollars used to do, diminishes
the actual demand for the metal rselt',
and hence prevents the price of gold
from going up in proportion to the
amount of business done in the world.
Ninety-five per cent of ihe business
of this country is done without the
actual exchange of a dollar ofcurreucv;
and yet it is ail done on a gold ba<K
Hence, quantity is not the measure of
value, unless other thing* are equal,
and they never are equal.
It would be correct to say that, all
otuer imugs uemg rquai, me quauiuy
ot water in a running stream will
measure its value as a power to be
used to aid man in the production of
commodities. Yet the same quantity
of water, turning oulv one oldfashioned
undershot wheel, will not
compare in its benefits with tiie power
obtained from the same quantity of
water, when one hundred mills are
located along the banks of the stream
at successive falls and the same water
is used over and over again with turbine
wheels, which have taken the
place of the under.-hots and thus increased
the power in ca :h mill obtained
from using the same water.
MONET REALLY LOWER IX l'RICE.
Without regard to statistics, will
Senator S ewart explain, if money has
increased in value as he says it has,
how does it happen that money in
1870 brought 7 per cent interest here
iii the United States; and that today,
when he says the dollar is so much
more valuable, money on the same
security can be borrowed at 4 and i>
per cent interest? Such is the fact
and is well known to all business men.
if money has increased in value so
as to reduce the price ot f.rticles so
much, such valuable money should be
worth msre to use than the cheaper
money when we had the double standard;
but the fact is, it brings less, a
^ood deal less. Could such be the
Why Not Rid.
Victor Bicycles are first in t
lead the world of cycledom.
OVERMAN W
BOSTON, WASHINGTON, I
case if money were scarce and more <
valuable? Do not forget that all this 1
4 and 5 per cent, money is based on J
gold. h
WHAT HAS SENT SILVER DOWN.
11
Lotus now see if changing our j;
standard to a gold one is really what j!
has driven down the price of silver, i ]
We will examine the history of the;
world and of ihis country as to the!,
production of these two metals:
I find that previous to the year 1873 j!
there had been produced in the United
States of Hold $1,229.28G,769, aud of
silver $153,522,000. From 1873 up to
1891, inclusive, there were produced
$675,595,000 worth of ?old, and $879,520,000
worth of silver. Te pat the 1
proposition in another form, previous
to 1873 the value of the gold product.i
in the United States was <ight times j
as mucii as the value ot the silver,:
while dnriiiif the nineteen YC/it's si net; i
1S73 the value of the silver produced:
has bion ?200,000,000 in exce.-s of i he j
value of the g?ld product. Cau it b* j
possible that such an increase in tne
quantity of silver produced could l'ail
to reduc?. the price of the article?
But it will be chimed, and rightly
too, that the production in ihe United
States alone does not settle t he problem;
that gold and silver are the ir.oney of
the whole world; and that the production
of the entire world should be
considered in studying this problem.
Very well! After a careful examination
of the tubles 1 find that from
| the year 1850 up to 1873 the value of
the gold produced in the whole norld
was about six times the value of the
silver produced in the >ame time.
During these \ears the ratio between
gold and silver remained about the
same, being 1 U 15 1-2 or 1 to 1G
Since 1SG3 more value of silver has
been produce I than of gold, nearly
one-third nioi e, anu ine prouucuon
gold has not decreased, bat steadily
increased, The gold production has
been running troin $90,750,000 in 1874
up to $120,150,000 ii? 1891. During
the last three \ears almost us much
silver in value has been coined in the
whole world as gokl. During these
three wars there was coi' ed of gold
$438,307,39S; of silver, $425,782,498.
During those same three years there
was produced of gold in the world
$369,913,000: of silver, at its commercial
value in the same period,
$400,654,000, but at its coining value,
$622,07G,000.
Can any one study the foregoing
figuies and be at a loss to determine
whether silver has gone down or gold
has gone up? Can i'. be possible to
have sucii an enormous increase in the
nrotlnc.iion of one metal, as compared
Triili the production of another, without
this enormous increase of supply
affecting the pries, of jhe particular
motal me supply of vvlli<Tn Is>o? ? -1,.
increased?
It this is not the tact, will some one I
tell me why the difference i<i the
relative value ot gold and silver has
been for a?es growing larger and
larger? I find that a tew centuries
ago eight pounds of silver were woi tfo
one pound ?>t gold. A century later
it took ten pounds of silver to buy
o?ie pound of gold. Two hundred
years after that it took twelve pounds
of si Ivor to purchase one ot gold.
Then a century later it took thirteen
and thirteeh and a lnlf of silver for
one of gold/ Then it increased to
fifteen and a haii; and for a century
it ranged Leuveon tifieen and sixteen
poundi of silver f?r one ot gold.'
Since 1873 the gip has again be. n
widened; and now ii laWe- over
twenty pounds ot silver to buy one ol
gold.
(Jan any one for a tnonunt believe
that the difference in valu< l.as been
very tnuch caused by legislation?
That difference kept growing greater
and cater iong before any laws were
I passed on the subjec;.
i do not U;ii ve, 11 ?n i:ic naiuns or
the earth suou.u comb ue to past siih
legislatioP, that the old ratio ?.f 1 to
15 1-2 con:d at present be secured. 1
be'iivo this because i k-el c-.-rtain that I
the variations between ilie price of I
jjtcjId and silver have been brought
about br ;ij:eiicn? entirely ou^ide ol
and beyond the contro uf ! ^i> a:itiv?.
if such a '*pronri eminence" an be
obtained :or silver l:v The cimple c.iaot- :
ment ot law, why ia>t go flush r and j
restoie si.ver to thai -*pr. udcr eini- <
nence" which it held 500 year* ago,
when the ratio was 1 to 10? Or why
not aim stil! higher and gut back to
the ratio ot 1 to 8, which obtained in
the earlier centnrio? It the oi:e thing
can be dune by law, why cannot the!;
other? * >!
Is it not possible that these "free '
silver men'' may be mistaken? Is it 1
not possible that there are certain j
great laws which govern the price of (
all Cviiomoditi.s which are entirely j
beyond the reach of legislative enact- 1
ments? 1
NOT FRIGHTENED UT ' FIAT*' MONEY.
I am aware that Senator Stewart
advises the adoption ?t his views, and
intimates that unless thdt be done the i
pp?ple will go further and adopt the I
"fiat mcney" theory. I refuse to be {
sc-ired. If a phy>ioiau Mi?nld se?k to
induce mo to abandon b?'< f-icak as a:i
article of food ai.d to accept arociuc '
in it?i stead, I should refus:?ib?o- J
liuely refuse Nor could h? induce i
mp 10 try the arsei.ic by stating tha.; if j J
1 did no: acccpl the change of diet:]
uhicli he proposed some 01 e would:
come along ami compel tiu t > take,
stnehnine. 1 wenld ligomualy re i
fuse boili; 1 shou'd stick to the sirloin
It seems to me that the vital mis-.
take made by ail the advocates of tree
siiVer cwinage is this: they persistently
ignore the laws ot produc ion and
overlook :ne lucior or n:imau (uon,
which is always such a. luige element [
in fixing the prici of any commodity. :
They seem to think that legislation,.'
and that alone, can create ami change : commercial
values. Their mistake is \
a serious one. j(
Suppose the nations of the world ?
should all combine and pass laws de- a
daring that hereafter five bushels of, }
oats should always be worth three j
bushels of wticat! Docs Senator i
Ssfproiirf iniH</nift lhat kimti a rat o of, 1
value could h: that way ba permanently! .
established. If n^t, why uot?
COLD ALSO MAY liE DISCARDED. ' <
Do not misunderstand ine! It is
stated by scientific men that the waters v
.'-.:s
- -r- ?'
e the Best? ^
ires and improvements, and
HEEL CO.
Denver, san Francisco.
Df the ocean hold in suspcnsien many
Limes as much gold as all which has
lVtoan ^nor -frnm the bowels
I1CJ VtViVl v VVVil v*?0 A* ^ md
washed oat from the surface of
llie earth by the human race. An expert
in such matters is endeavoring to
secure that gold of the ocean by the
aid of electricity, which, he claims, } ^
can be used so as to cause the gold to
be deposited on copper plates at small
expense. Suppose this experiment
should prove a success, and* by that V
invention tbc supply of gold should be
increased each year tenfold with small *
additional cost "of labor and capital!
Will Senator Stewart please tell me
whether in such an event the price of
gold would not go down ? More than
that, does he believe that the laws of
all nations of the world combined
:nuch le>s those of any one natiouV
could prcvctit^4ftiickjwiij pOi?rtiv<faiT"?
cheaper jnst as surely and naturally as
water runs down hill. <fl|
More than that, the world would at ^
once, should such a state of affairs
occur, discard g?ld as the standard of
values, it would be dene, not because
the world is made up of thieves
and robbers, but because geld would
then be unfitted for a standard. Its
price would be subject to such con- ~
stant and rapid fluctuations that it
would cease to be a safe standard or 1
measure of values. i
That is my -judgment of what has
taken place as to silver. The enormous
increase in its production, together
with the diminished amount of
human exertion required to produce '
each ounce, combined, has caused its
* _ - 3 1 JS 1
value, as compared wim goiu, 10 uec?me
less and less; and this change is
so rapid that silver is no longer a
safe standard of value.
A CHANGE WOULD ROB HIE PEOPLE.
Believing this, can any one wonder
that this whole effort to make 371.25
grains of pure silver a legal "dollar"
seems to me to be simply an effort to _
get a higher price for a commodity
than it is really worth? For'many
years that amount of silver was a good
"dollar," because in those years that
amount of silver was worth just about
the same as 23.2 grains of pure gold
all over the world; but such is no 1
longer the case. To attempt to forces >
such a "dollar" inro use at its former
value seems to me simply an effort to
get something unrighteouslv for nothing
' .
Nothing is clearer to my mind' thau
that the message of such a law by our >
" ^ u * ? u?o;
uoveruiueill WOUIU uuiua^v; tilt mniness
of this country and lead to a terri- .
bie disaster. I am also very sure that
it would rob every man in the
States who receives wages for his
I have carefully _examined every . =^.1
senator Stewart's long1 . M
article. Many of his statements are
no doubt true; a few of Jiem are jfl|
doubtful; many of them are by no
means true; and some of them seem f' ^
to me terribly false. J TThe
length* of this article prevents ]
me from commenting upon them all
now. 1 have endeavored, however, io
select a few of the most important,
and J promise to give attention to
more of them hereafter.
R G. Hon it.
See the Wo rhl's Fair f or Fifteen Cents.
. X ^
Upon the leeeipt of jtur adr.ress ar.d
fifteen cents in postrg- :t;imps. we
mftil von nrpnfliil our SocVENl : PoriT
FOLIO OF THE WORLD's columbia* ?xpositjon
the reguftr prLe is Fifty cents,
but as we want you to have one, w*e make
the pnce nominal. You will find it a
work of :.rt and a thing to be prized. It
contains fu:l page views of the great
builaii 2-s, with descriptions of sam^, and
is executed in highest style of art If not
satisfied with it,, after you get it, we will ?
refund the stanrrs and let you keep the 99
book. Address
* H. E. BU'CKLEN* & CO., Chicago, 111. fl
-Vj
crrrt. - ili i>w r ij i I'lii-.ini magBaga ^
^gjooFsCoioiiRflol ;
H C0MP0UNDWl
Iffv r A recent discovery by an old -aA:
BS ?. " physician- SuccessfvEj/ used _
fpft 7 iiumthly by thousands of La* A
WA / ^dus. Is the only perfectly safe
jy nnd reliable medicine dlscov- MgM
ered. Beware of unprincipled
druggists who otter Inferior.
medicines In place of this. Ask for Coos's CottoS
kootCompockd, take no sxtbst itute, or Inclose tl&nd ~
3 cents ln-postage In letter, and we will send, sealed,
by return mall. 1'ull sealed particulars lnplaia
envelooe. to ladles only. 2 stamos.
Address Pond Lily Company,
X?. 3 ilsHcr Block, Detroit Igch.
VSIi?L\JA tOLLEftE
for YOUNG LADIES', Roanoke, Va,
Opens Sept 14, 18'J.'?. A beautiful and
s.'tractive College home. New buildings, /
imo~ ? the finest in the South. Modern ,
improvements. New Piaro* and furniture.
Campus ten aer*'S, mieniticent
mountain scener ; in Valley of Virginia,
famed for healtlh European and Ameri:an
teachers. Full course. Advantages
n Music and Art unexcelled. For Cataoi;ue
address the Pre>ident.
IV. A. HARRIS, D. D., Roanoke, Virginia.
SSlSliS PARKER'S \
HAIR BALSAM
Jga Clean?e? ud beautify the hair.
~3 Promote* a luxuriant growth.
Jh| Newer TmII* to Bertora Gray
'33068 Hair t? its S^pthtul Color.
j i_~)_ 'lijn Cure* scalp di?Z? & hair laliicg.
.. JOc.aad fLOtfat Druggist* "
"he Con sum ptlve and Feeble all who iJ|
i;:ffer from exhaarting lUodd u?e Parlcer'a Oi&fer
t'O&ic. It <urc? the wor?t Couzh. WeakLusga. Debility, in- HI
Female WraknrM. Rhruiratiam and Pain. SQc. fc $1.
HiNDERCORN:.. The on'r ?ci* cure &e Coma.
s.v>j>? a.. ?ain. Make* wt.'.kinT eaay. Ucta, at Dra*guU
Indispensable in W
Every Good Kitchen. W
As every pood ho us. wife knows,
the (Jiff-rtonce between appetizing,
delicious coc!-:i?s a d the S
opposite kind is largely i.i deli- j
eate sauces and palat ble gra- f
vies. Now, these require a J
MlUiip, muvicu m
and thfi best stock is j
Leibisr C ompanj's
Extract of Beef*
WESLEYANFEMALE INSTITUTE (
STAUNTON, VA. A
)pens Sept. 6th, 18S3". Climate and sarroutidings ex- yA
eptional. Handsome buildings, being remodeled. J
horoughly renovated, repainted inside and outside.
iad refurnished with new pianos, carpets. 4c. Steam ^
seat, gas light, bath rooms on every floor. Xe*r Labors.
ory thoroughly equipped. 20 experienced teachers. / .
advanced Courses m English, Latin German. French. .
fcc. Special advantages m Mosic v:u Art. 141 board- "
10 m/JanU TT^r Puti,
ognet of this celebrated old Virginia School, tddreaa
YV.W. ROBERTSON, Pres., StauDton, V*?
NOTICE.
PURVEYING DONE A
J ed by
(Mtxly^^^j