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Union Label. wm W, A. SCOTT. President. Dulutb, Minn. *3 me AlBCrlCaB EXClHIifC DULUTH, MINN. CAPITAL, 9500,000. We issue certificates to depositors, allowing- interest at the rate of 2%. per cent per annum on deposits of any amounts for a period of 3 months or longer HOME MADE. ARBUTUS KELLEY RYAN CLEAR HAVANA. DOMESTIC. OUR SPECIAL. Best Five Cent Cigar in the City. Manufactured by CULVER & CO., 18 W. First St. TKLKPHONK 141. C. J. PETRUSCHKE, Manufacturer of and Denier in White Pine Packing Boxes and Shooks Specialties—Beer Cases, Egg Cases and Banana Crates. JUST OPENED—Department for Building Materials. PRICES ALWAYS CHEERFULLY GIVEN. 50th Avenue .West, Corner Main Street. P. O. BOX 136. WEST DULUTH. HAVE YOU TRIED THEM DO SO AND BE CONVINCED THAT THE La vtNM IN La LMa. CIGARS ARE THE FINEST THAT SKILLED LABOR Ron Fernandez UNION LABEL. THE SMOKERS' FAVORITES. RETAILERS' OREATEST SELLERS. TOM REED The Weil-Known and Always liable Domestic. Re- K. L. McCORMICK, Vice-Pres., Hayward, Wis. NIVERSAL SMOKERS... tewed by IF YOU WISH A: DELICIOUS, WHOLESOME} PALATABLE HOME MADE. LA AGILIDAD A Clear Havana That Eciual. THE NEW LABEL ON THE TOM REED IS A BEAUTY. Manufactured by—- TOM REED CIQAR FACTORY, SIMON, Prop. UNION LABEL DULUTH, MINN. .l1?.,?LC.'9*S into* bn Km tan M*ty«httUBSMMI tfcourtom t*. world. PATROMIZE HOME INDUSTRY. SMOKE HOME-MADE CIGARS THAT BEAR THE ABOVE LABEL. CALL ON VAL BLATZ BREWING CO., "STAR" Milwaukee* Boor, ix 71 •if, IpStlRll Union Label. MONEY WILL BUY, CAN PRODUCE. MANUFACTIIIIBII^BY AND THAT Company. Has No A. D. Goodman, Sec. and Treas.. Dulutb, Minn. THAT PUT-IT OFF HABIT Is bad. If your wife wants to trv a sack of Duluth Universal Flour whv not set it at once? You will be more than pleased with the result. Ask vour erocer for it. The onlv flour made in Duluth at the present time. Dnluth Universal Mill Go. Offices Board of Trade. Both Phones. See .that this label appears on the box from whicli you are served. Union-made Cfeara ft ANT tonUent C.Jf •fAmmkm STANDS ON THE PRECEDENT FREEDOM OF CONTRACT. T- «ir ARE LEGAL OF Samuel Gomperi Unravlls More Judi cial Sophistry—He Clearly Answ ers Justice Brewer of the Supreme Court, Who Lectured" Before Yale University on Strikes and Unions. Equality of Rights and of Freedom In a lecture at Yale University, Jus tice David J. Brewer, of the federal su preme court, condemned strikes and. lynch law as two forms of "disobedi ence to constituted authority," which are "becoming unfortunately too prev alent and are freighted with danger.*,' It is a sad fact, declared the distin guished jurist, that many strikes are attended with violence, collision and destruction of property, and sometimes, of life. He did not stop to inquire whether the employers or the work men are primarily responsible for the lawlessness, that being foreign to his purpose. But he proceeded to lay down a number of propositions which we can not allow to pass unchallenged. Let us consider them in the sequence in which they came in the address, says Samuel Gompers in the April Ameri can Federationist. The first statement to which excep tion must be taken is this: "It may be true that in many instances this Violence and destruction are not the work of strikers themselves, but of mere sympathizers, or even of the mob of the idle and vicious who are sure to congregate while there is a prospect of trouble. But he who calls a mob into being can not be pronounced whol ly guiltless of that which the mob may do." Does Justice Brewer mean to say that a man, or combination of men, may not exercise a legal or moral right where there is a possibility, or even a probability, that outsiders will take advantage of the "trouble and create disorder?" Certainly the law nowhere recognizes such a restriction upon per sonal or industrial liberty. The man who asserts his right in a legitimate manner is not responsible for the con duct of any other man. He who de fends his liberty or his property in a lawful way does nothing "to call a mob into being, and if a mob is called into being, it is the business of constituted authority to deal with it, taking care to accord full protection to the man whose action, even if the pretext or occasion for the mob, remains proper and nonaggressive. A striker is a man who asserts his right not to work on terms not agreeable to him. To tell him that he must not strike that he must remain at work in any case, be cause a mob might be attracted and rendered turbulent and lawless by his perfectly innocent action, is to destroy his industrial liberty altogether and make a serf of him. This, however, is merely prelimin ary. The essence of Justice Brewer's argument is contained in the follow ing passage, which we quote in full from an apparently accurate report: "It is one thing to exercise a right which the law gives it is art entirely different thing for one party to endeav or to prevent another from exercisin tfn equal igh under little difference whether the attempted coercion is by force or intimidation. In either case it is an effort not. to change but to break the law. In either it is a matter of disobedience in the truest sense of the term. It may be wise.that all who are engaged in pur suing the same vocation should be or ganized into one body but whether they sould be so orgapized or not de pends, as the law now stands, solely on voluntary action, and to attempt' to deny a laborer his right to work, whether he be within or without an organization, and to deprive him of full protection in that work, implies plain disregard of the mandates of the law. If it be, as a matter of political economy, wise that there should be a consolidation of all employes into one or more organizations, and that no one should be permitted to work except he be a member of such organization, let the lawmakers so enact, and whenever a constitutional enactment to that ef fect is passed then every good citizen should strive to enforce it. But until such enactment there is no justifiable excuse for attempting by any, form of coercion to deprive one of his liberty in respect to labor, a liberty included within what our fathers declared to be inalienable rights, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." All this seems very plausible, jahd many well-meaning citizens will read it (or have read it with much satis faction and inward approval. But let us analyze this series of propositions and see if it is not open to serious criticism. Justice Brewer implies here that labor organizations deny to non union workmen the right to work, and claim for their members a monopoly of remunerative employment. He im plies that the non-union workmen are prevented from exercising their rights by force or intimidation. He pointed ly says that at present the law does not give the unionists a monopoly of work and wages, and that therefore they are guilty of wrongdoing when they attempt to deprive any outsider of his liberty in respect to labor. But Justice Brewer does not tell us whether he applies this to all strikes, to all organized workmen and to all method? of "coercion." This failure to draw the necessary distinctions de stroys the value of his exhortion. In discussing strikes clear thinking, pre cise writing and a firm grasp of funda mental principles are essential. Does Justice Brewer mean, simply that unionists or strikers have no right to prevent a man from working by physical force or .'intimidation in. the sense of threats of physical force? If so, we fully agree with him. or Le Die's Genuine Fftoeh From Paris. Positively warranted to cure the most stubborn. cases of Female Rmiiator larities. Obstructions and Suppres ions.. caused by disease. Two dollars a package or three (or S5.S0. Re fuse substitutes. .Sent anywhere ©re paid on receipt Of price, and sruaran teed^by THE KIDD DRUG CO. Ehrtn. 111. -Retail and wholesale bv Max wlrtti. and ». r. jsoyce. Nraren'i Drug t- a labor "platform*' in existence wfiich demands 'the- right to use or threaten physical force no body of organized workers has ever met which claimed it was a right.,. On the' contrary, the opposite'view isuniversal. Our judges and public .mien should' bear in mind that organized labor claims nothing more than the lafc grants and guarantees to every Ameri can citizen, and that it does nothing which lawyers, physicians, merchants, publishers and men engaged in busi ness or professional pursuits generally do not do constantly and without chal lenge from any quarter. The whole gospel of this is summed up in one phrase, a familiar one—freedom of con tract—organized labor not only ac cepts, but insists upon, equality of rights and of freedom. It Js willing to abide by this test, to have'its demands weighted and measured by that stand ard. Let us put Justice Brewer .an ex treme case. An employer who has ninety-nine union men in "his estab lishment and has neither contracted nor promises to employ no noh-uniori men, introduces one morning a non-union workman into his factory, or mill or shop. He certainly has a right to do this, and the ninety-nine union men cheerfully recognize this right. Further, this non-union man is an excellent wprkman, a good citizen, an attractive fellow. There is no pos sible objection to him ori person or trade grounds. But for some' reason or whim or prejudice he' declines join the union. Again, this he has a right to do, and the ninety-nine recogr nize it. They can not force-him to join, and they have no intention of do ing so. But, at the same time, they are determined not to work alongside of a non-union man. Their reasons for this do not concern us. They are free men and are entitled to say with whom and on what terms they will work. Suppose now, that the ninety nine union men go to their employer and say: "Mr. A., we are very sorry, but we cannot remain in your employ if you keep B., the non-union man. We mean to quit your service, peaceably, quietly and in an orderly manner, but we shall ask all our friends to keep away from your establishment and de cline any offer of employment from you." All this, again, the union men have a right to say to their employer, as they have the right to carry it into effect. One more step remains to be taken The employer may prefer to retain the one non-union workman and take his chances under a strike, or he may to avoid trouble and interruption of work, dismiss the one man with whom the ninety-nine will not-'work. If he adopts the former course, a contest ensues between him and organized la bor—a legal contest, mark, and a peaceful one. If the union is strong, well supported and able to hold out, the employer loses, and the one man has to be discharged in the end. If the union is weak, the union suffers defeat, and the establishment is henceforth filled with non-union workmen. But the employer may not care to have a strike on his hands and may let the one man go request or demand blame upon the first of the union. tice Brewer, we gather, t|ie ijyoiiM1^Jus not f$r^ choosing t,his employer nifauiftflfj fli'ir'ifrtfif* But, 'rartri ninety-nine men? 'Would ae/« th&m yof "coercion," lnterf^renb$ with the liberty of the non-union workman and disobedience to law? If he would on what ground? Have these men done anything that exceeded their own right to freedom of contract? True, they have caused the dismissal of thfe one non-union individual true they have deprived him of work arid.wages but by what means have they done this Simply by informing the employer that he must choose between them anjJ the one man, by threatening to quit Work and induce their, fellow-tinibnists to abstain from taking the vacated places Is there anything illegal in this method? Justice Brewer must admit that there is not, since he admits the right to quit work for any reason or whim? What fellows? This, that it is unnec cessary for workmen to wait till the leg islature has "enacted" their consolida tion and given them a monopoly of work. If they are powerful .enough to control the labor market through or ganization and, by purely economic means, compel capital to employ none but union labor, they are fully entitled, by existing laws and morality, to do so, They do not wait for the legislature's determination of their ^ages why should they wait for the enactment o' any law regelating other tefms pf eip+ ployment? Thus we reach the logical conclusion that organized labor may deprive nori union men of employment without any violation of law, or eqwj.1 freedom! without the disobedience to authority which alarms Justice Brewer. In truth, the trouble with the learned justice and many others Is that they are unwilling to abide by the principle with which 'they prefess to start out, They talk about-contract, freedom and equal rights', yet, when they see one man or a few men deprived of work through the power of organization^ law fully and peacefully exercised, they for get these principles and raise the hue and cry of "coercion" and intimic(ation Be consistent, gentlemen stick to your premises and do not shirk from the unavoidable conclusion, In addition to the legal phase of the proposition involved in the hypothet ical case I. cited, we should add that there is an economic side, which We ha^e often presented in these columns and elsewhere, and therefore at this time it requires but bare statement. In our day of industrial development and concentration, unity 6f. action of the workers is essential to their, com mon protection and advancement and a worker who falls or refuses to join with his fellow-workers the union of his trade, not only stands in his own light, but is a check and hindrance to his fellow-workers In their efforts to benefit all. 1 liable WANTED—Capable, reliable bergon in every county to reoresMtJarftfe com juntv to reoresi nanv of Bolia financial recitation 1936 dav and exoense mot ".•MSiriiSE! Wi CHICAGO LYIOXS WILL, NOT GIVE UP THE WALKING DELEGATES. Business Agents Are More Necessary Now Than at Any Time in the His tory -of the Lutior Mpvemenit-pThey Work Sixteen Hours a Day and In Line of Duty Please Neither Friend or Foe—Are a Valuable Adjunct. After a year of warfare directed to a great extent against the walking dele gate, contractors and manufacturers believe now that, "like the poor," the delegate will be with them always. When the unions began to withdraw from the Building Trades Council, many contractors are led to believe that the walking delegate, or business agent, would disappear with the wan ing strength of the central body/ To their chagrin, howevt-r, investigation shows that not a single union has dis- pensed with its delegate, While on the other hand, some of them have put ad ditional* agents in the field. A prominent contractor to. whom the walking delegate is an object of ab horrence said: "For over a year we directed a fight against the methods used by the unions, a liberal yor t'iph of our energy was used in an ef fort to remove the irritating iniluence of the walking delegate. We thought We had succeeded, hut today we find him clinging to his position like a lim pet to a rock, and while occasionally. We have succeeded in knocking one from his perch we wake in the mcrn ing only to find another fastened in his place. To make maUers worse, our efforts to remove him deom make the uhions more determined to retain h*m, and we are much in the position of the knights of old wiio out off the heads of fabled giants only to find th-a number of heads increased." "Labor organizations," said a repre sentative labor man today, "are con-" vinced that the business agent is more necessary now than at any other time in the history of t'lf- labor movement. The stand taken ai cust him by em ployers has oniy increased iheir deter mination not only to retain those in the field, but to increase the number." Careful investigation shows that 70 business agents and secretaries who do the work of business agents are em ployed by the unions of Chicago today and that this number is increasing rap idly. They are of many different na tionalities, and $ome of them are able to speak and write in several lan guages. Woman: walking delegates have not yet been introduced into the city, but as they have been found a success in other localities it is said the experiment will soon be tried in Chi cago. Employers' are disturbed over the prospect -of such an innovation, and visions of visits from walking dele gates in the shape of comely young women are said to disturb the slumber of several who have a special aveisicn to walking delegates in any shape. The power of the business agents or Walking delegates employed by the building trades unions has. been cur tailed by the recent agreements 'enter th£ cbritractprs. The Walking? del# gates are no longer permitted to go on jobs and interfere with the workmen during working hours, but their influ ence is still felt. Much of the time of business agents employed by organi zations outside of the building indus try it devoted to clerical work. They do not seek admittance to factories or Workshops, but transact their business in the office when called upon by their constitutents to attend to any griev ance against employers. A portion of their time is also spent in organizing, and, contrary to popular opinion, they do not receive bankers' salaries nor work short hours, but as a rule work ,15 hours a day, for' which the average salary paid is about $25 a week. The average life of the business agent short. In the majority of cases tliey are elected for a term of six months and as a rule find them selves out. of a job at the end of two terms. A prominent agent seen today said: "Many peoiple believe the busi ness agent has a snap but, to tell the plain truth, the job is a thankless one. tVe have to be in our office at 8 a. m., and after finishing our office work and looking after other duties we must at tend the meeting of the organization in the evening. As a rule we do not get home until nearly midnight, and then we have to start out the next day ga^in and go through the same pro ramme. Our work necessarily brings Sown upon us the warth of employers, and when we get bounced by the un ion, a dose we all get sooner or later, we can't get a job in the city and have to: dig out to some other place where, if,our record has not gone before us, we may find something to do." Several of {he national and interna tional organizations have their head quarters in Chicago, and it is estimated that an annual outlay of $18,000 is spent in sustaining them. About $24, 000,annually is* spent in publishing offi cial organs, while about $12,000 is paid by the local organizations for printed matter. Nearly $16,000 is paid annually for meeting places, and, with other incidentals, it is estimated that over $200,000 a year is spent in maintaining labor organizations in Chicago in times of pesfce. Strikes are costly affairs. The strike of the International Association of Ma chinists which took place in the spring of 1900, involving 4,000 men, cost that organization nearly $27,000 a week, and while a majority of the organiza tions affiliated .with the Building Trades Council did not pay strike bene fits the amount of monfey spent in sus taining the men through the long mohths Of the struggle was large. DOCTOR YOURSELF. flflumri Is a French treatment for VUflU A male and female, for the pos itive cure of Gonorrhoea. Gleet. Unnat ural discharges. Inflammations. Irrita tions and Ulcerations of the mucous membranes. An internal remedy with injection combined, warranted to -cure worst cases In one week. S3 per pack age or 2 for $5. Sent anywhere on re ceipt of price, and guaranteed by THE KIDD DRUG CO.. Elgin. III. Retail wholesale by 8. Boyce and Max rthi druffftlsts. Duluth. and NygreiTi tore. West Duluth. Minn/" •g "r MINTS 20c Ifyyou WMta.. RHNtiNBKR THB OLD 8TANDM«II*I*M« 1 Before investing in oil stocks, investigate those of the KING PHIL LIP and OCCIDENTAL oil companies, 'offered for sale by Marcus W. Bates, 4 Exchange Building, Duluth, Minn. These companies own over two thousand acres of oil land, selected with great care, in the now famous SUNSET, MIDWAY, M'KITRICK and TREMBLOR district, KERN COUNTY, California, and are the a it The KING PHILLIP has one well nearly completed, with such showing of oil as assures success. The Occidental Has One Flowing Well and is now drilling several others, and confidently expects to be produc ing oil from them within. sixty days. These stocks are selling very fast and I am offering for a short time oply KING PHILLIP at 30 cents per share. per MircBW.Mes, ....AGENT... 4 Exchange Building, DULUTH. For the "UNION LABEL"? If so ire have splendid Use off Salts, everyone hear* Ins the t'nlon Label, at— $8, $10, $12, $13,50. Some Handsome Patterns at— SPRING OVERCOATS, with Union Label, at— UNION LABEL HATS, at— REMEMBER, bought of $8, $10, $12, $15. $1, $1.50, $2, $2.50, $3, All the Latest Spring Blocks. CHAS. W. ERICSON, THB CLOTHIER., 219 WEST SUPERIOR ST. ^"Capital and Surplus, $850,000.00. The FIRST NATIONAL BANK Of Duluth, Has Opened a Deposits of $l and upwards received.. BOOKS Q1VEN. INTEREST ALLOWED. In opening accounts by mail, send specimen signature and address. Book will be returned to you with iostructions as to withdrawals and future deposits. ESTABLISHED 1888. PURE WINES AND LIQUORS• Far FAMILY Ml •MIIOtNAI.. PURPOSE. There Is Nothing Pnrer than 1.1. anil f. Share. These stocks are nearer a paying basis than any others offered in this market. Don't make any mistake—GET THE BEST. Call arid talk with the agent about these remarkable properties before buying oil stocks. article fcEVIN'S '*fCS SOI WEST SUPERIOR STREET. •J "Ji, Ms m-