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o~ CURED TO STAY CURED." By our new ELECTRO-MEDICAL TREAT MENT, which combines all of the curative, powers of both medicine and electricity. RUPTURE, DISCHARGES, STRICTURE, VARICOCELE, NERVO-SEXUAL DEBILITY, CONTAGIOUS BLOOD POISON, KIDNEY AND URINARY DISEASES, SMALL, WEAK ORGANS, SEMINAL EMISSIONS,' and all associate diseases and weaknesses of men, causing pain in kidneys, bladder, abdo men, dizziness, loss of memory, etc., result ing in a loss of sexual power, physical suf fering1, mental distress, gloomy forebodings and feelings of impending danger. WE TREAT MEN ONLY AND CURB THEM TO STAY CURED. We charge and give nothing for private counsel to eaol patient a LEGAii CONTRACT to hold for our promises. If you cannot call at our office writ* your symptoms fully. Consultation Free and st Confidential* Office HoTirts—r-8 a. m. to 8 p. m. Sua day 10 a. m. to 1 p. PROGRESSIVE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION No. 1 W*st Superior Street. Corner of Lake Avenue, Duluth, Minn. SMOKERS Ron ToI.eT'.SfVo^ Sm'SundJi wUh car«. If You Wish a DELICIOUS, WHOLESOME, PALATABLE, See UNION LABEL. HOME MADE. Do You Want the Best? We Furnish It. "THE OLD RELIABLE" MANLEY-M'LENNAN AGENCY GENERAL, INSURANCE AND SURETY BONDS. Torrey Building, First Floor. SMITH & SMITH, Druggists. 101 WEST SUPERIOR STREET. DULUTH. MINN, OUR DRUGS ARE ALWAYS FRESH AND PURE pb«"!"UJ'» GALL ON VAL BLATZ BREWING CO. "STAR" MILWAUKEE BEER. I For this issue cut this out and bring it with, 35 cents to KUGLER The Longest B»tabli»hed, Moat Successful aad Re liable Specialist In Dis eases of aicu, as Medical Diplomas. Licenses and Newspaper Records Will Show. that this label a-ooeara on (rrm ls$w*w Authorityoi the Cigar Makers' International Unionef America. Union-made Cigars. 1 the which you are served. SiPT. 1880. ijt ©Plliflrt. TIM (IM Cqari oontMM tntM to* Mil IMS MM tyl f|| iUlHBCROr IHIOSARIUKEBMIURUTIOMlUMOIIgl A uncratnt of tbt MORAMIATtRHl J* IHltltfCItUl WillML Vase Clears (o ill wnaMrs throughout i6» ntft. At WttAfiBuUMaA thii Ittelnl (wM »«or*rftotar. (/h4CU4&, Pttatkrfi CJf/(/•/Amrtto. ^aooooos PMTRONIZE HOME INDUSTRY. SMOKE HOME-MADE CIGARS THAT BEAR THE ABOVB MBWT, HAVB YOU TRIED THEM? DO*SO AND BE CONVINCED THAT THE LA VESDflD and LA LINDA. CIGARS ARB THE FINEST THAT MONET "WILL BUY, AND THAT SKILLED LABOR CAN PRODUCE MANUFACTURED BY Fernandez Cigar Company box (•Mid* rmn two Mt ficM&S ifsrsiajriaar: Dulath, flionesota. Prescriptions and Family Recipe:, WHOLESALE YOUR DRUGGIST. and get a 50c bottle of CaptM. NORRIS Cough Balsam. The best known remedy for Coughs Colds and all Lung and Throat Trouble. THE LOW PRICE DRUG STORE. SUBSQRIBESy^gO|^ERia In .his-r&nnual address as president of the National Association of .-Manu facturers, Mr. D. M. Parry remarks as an apparent cause for congratula tion "that organized' labor Is learning a very, valuable lesson in economics.?' Mr. Parry, himself,, deserves congratu lation for the rapidity with which he is learning form his own study of economic questions. He has discover ed that low wages,.are not a benefit to society at large. In making this dis .covery he ,has'. learned- -in a. compara? tively brief timei a truth that has befen attained by economics* dnly after thought and discussion ^covering sev eral decades? The old "titedry w&s that low wages caused low prices for pro ducts, and-., that Mr. Parry has still to. learn that his whojesale and indiscriminate opposi tion to the closed shop can not be sustained. He declares it to be his belief "that the day must come when no industry will be allowed to run on the closed shop plan," and again, "that the closed shop is against pub lic policy." With these propositions he couples the statement that a ruling class." Now liberty is indeed a precious thing. Liberty is in one respect the fruit and flower of modern civilization. Yet there are some things even more valuable than the freedom of the in dividual. Liberty must be regarded as a means, rather than as an end in itself. Liberty implies equality. But in the economic life the equality in the parties to a/ contract is not always present. The liberty of the strong may become the license of the oppres sor the liberty of the weak may prac tically come to mean the subjection of the oppressed. It is, therefore, some times highly important to make a par tial sacrifice of individual liberty in order to secure the maintenance of a greater equality, and thus the condi tions for the restoration of an. ultimate and enlarged liberty. This is what unionism seeks to do this is its es sential principle, and it is a principle that should command general public sympathy and approval. In soms respects, the theory of the union is parallel, to,the political theory of democracy. The theory is based upon the proposition of human equal ity. In a certain and fundamental im portant sense, the statement that one man is as good as another is true. The carrying out of that political idea has proved of tLe greatest benefit in our political system that has had its influence in making the average Am erican citizen in many respects an admirable type. But in that yery pro position I'e the difficulties of demo cracy. For in another sense one man is not jEi8 good as another. Men are differentiate*}, into classes by oppor tunity,-by education and by efficiency. The real ideal of a democracy must be to level up, not to level down and in this leveling up the true natural lead ers must be given ample scope. Hut the end must be a democracy, not an aristocracy. To transfer the illustration from politics to sociology, there underlies trade unionism a similar proposition oVi democracy. That is to say, union ism would not drag down the re wards of, labor to the lowest earning^ -acpacity- of the poorest workman.j Rather would unionism tend to ele vate the poorest workman so as to command a wage established on a minimum average higher than is es sential to meet the bare necessities-of existence, .The danger* however, in the practi»: ,cal operation of trade unionism lies in "its working* out toward the establish ment of a fixed average payment for a day's work so as to-put a check or limit upon the higher wages possible: for superior individual merit. In that danger—the danger of the repression of individual excellence, and the limita tion of^ts xewarJ—is to b? found Jthe opportunity of opponents., of "orga^niz'ejj I tern. Thereto, then, THE CLOSED SHOP., :$beir: By Edwin R. A. Seligman, Professor of Political Economy and Finance. Columbia University, New York. tendency was consequently 'beneficial to the entire community. That theory was long ago abandoned by ^economic students, ip favor of what' is known as the doc trine of "the economy of high wages," —the doctrine that In the modern age of machinery' the highest, wages ..are paid in those factories which-turn out the cheapest products. Mr. Parry shows that he has graduated from the old notion when he announces his con viction that "high wages are a bless ing, not a curse." the strides of this country in material welfare and in general intelligence are traceable to "the freedom of the individual," and declares that "all classes- profit by the free dom of the individual to do as he pleases with his time, labor and prop erty so long as he does not infringe upon the equal freedom of another." In my opinion, the application of the theory of the open shop to all indus tries is impracticable. This is a ques tion upon which no sweeping decision can be reached, supported by sound reason, from the exclusive point of viey of one side. Nor is it a question that can be answered by an indiscrim inate conclusion of universal applica tion. The question of open shop and closed shop must be considered in its application to different crafts. The theory of trade unionism is that it tenda to elevate the workingman of lowest earning capacity above a rate of payment which is less than the minimum wages necessary to sustain decent living. Its purpose and its ac tual tendency are to help in establish ing an average minimum payment for labor that will be adjusted for the general good of all workingmen, and Indirectly therefore of the whole com munity, ?lnce the workingmen form politically th^ mass of the voters, and economically the mass of the consum ers. It miust be conceded that this theory involves a certain sacrifice of that, '^liberty of the individual" which Mr. Pa^ry re^arfla as„of supreme, ,1m portancel This'*" theory^of unionism^ traverses, also, the general proposition' with which President Eliot, of Harvard university, has approached this subject If he has been quoted correctly in the daily press, he regards the surrender of personal freedom to an association as "almost as great an obstacle to happiness as its loss to a despot or to for intelligent leadership-of organized labor -rto guard unionism against the attacks Mi Parry advances the general pro position that the rate of wages in any country ,is dependent, upon the per cap ita productioh. It 's doubtless true that the reward of labor, like the re ward of capital, must be a certain portion of the sum of wealth produced *n. any industry, and varies accord ance with its efective contribution to the,common o.ut®uti ^hws,4 :pT^ucjiyr ity does not bear a definite relation to the reward of labor. Moreover^ capi tal and labor are intimately associated in this joint effort. ft the productivity of capital can be increased through the use of fine machinery,. not: only will the rettirn on capital be augumented, but the labor employed in using: .that iflachinery is certain to receive, a high reward than would labor- employed iA using inferior mabhinery: at alii There are familiar illustrations of this truth to be seen on every side. The weaver, for example, usita£ the best appliances iii a New England mill Will earn higher wages than can the hand loom weaver in the Southern mills. But, admitting Mr. Parry's proposi tion to be true that the wage rate is depenedent upon the per capita pro duction, it is a proposition that can be made the promise of an argument in favor of the employment of union labor. The aim of the unions, as has been pointed out, should be, and when the unions are wisely led is coming more and more and more to be, not the limitation^ but the development o^, in dividual efficiency, and through it the attainment of superiority of workman ship for the group as a whole. The constant tendency of unionism under such conditions is to lift the lower grades of workmen toward higher capacity arid excellence-^—in sho^t to raise their standard of life. This in creased efficiency must result in great er productivity, both in. quality. and quantity, and granted a market of adequate purchasing and consuming capacity, the outcome must be a great er sum of wealth to be apportioned be tween capital and labor as the re ward of their trained efort and intel ligent co-operation. GOOD SENSE FROM DEBS. The trades union is not and cannot become a political machine,' nor can it be used for political purposes. They who insist upon working class political action not only have, no in tention to convert the trades union into a political party but they would oppose any such attempt on the part of others. The trades union is an economic organization with distinct economic functions, and ais such is a part, a necessary part, but a part only of the labor movement it has Its own sphere of activity, its own program and is its own master within its economic limitations. But the labor movement has also Its political side, and th# trades- un ionist must be educated to realize its importance L,%na to understand that the p61itic&l "'side of the movement must1 me unionized as well as the economic side-, and that he is not, in fact, a union man at all who, al though a member of the union on the economic side, is a non-unionist on the political side and while strik ing for, votes against the working class. The trades union expresses the economic power and the Socialist party expresses the political power of the labor movement. The fully developed labor unionist uses both his economic and political power in the interest of his class. He understands that the struggle be tween labor and capital is a class struggle that the working class are in a great majority, but divided, some in one political party and some in another that because they are divided they are helpless and must unite their,,class in the trades union on the one hand and in the Socialist party on the other hand that indus trially and politically they must act together as a class against the capi talist, and that this struggle is a class struggle, and tnat any work ingman who deserts his union in a strike and goes to the other side is a scab, and any workingman who deserts his party on election day and goes over to the enemy is a betrayer of his class and an enemy of his fel lowman. THE ANSWER IS EASY. The demand of the employer for a reduction in wages proportionate (to the reduction' in the length bf the workday rests upon nothing more substantial than the habit of com puting wages. Why, it is asked, should labor., demand "nine fours' pay for eight .fours' work?" The answer is basy.. Fdr the same reason that the merchant "asks $7,75 for a coat that costs $5, or that the butch er, charges a quarter for the 15-cent steak. Because the toiler wants and has a right to a psofl| the pame as everybody else who has anything, to sell. Because his labor is. his |tock in trade, and he has no more -need, to sell it at cost or for a bare living than has the merchant to dispose of his'stock at what he paid for it. If capital has & right to profit, so has. labor. What is fair for one is fair for °the other. Profit in business is recognized the world around as legi timate. Why not in labor likewise? Eight hours pay for eight hours' work represents just about the cost of the strength and energy the toiler expends. The extra hour's^ pay re presents the legal, lawful, legitimate profit of the seller of his-services, That is all there is to it. Who dares say it is unreasonable or unfair? VICTORY IN DEFEAT. The lost strike is, often a victory. The history of labor's efforts for bet ter conditions reveals Scores of ap parent defeats which have ultimate ly proven to be substantial, gains There are many instances where ^f ter a, gallant struggle in which the employe*- has. fillede the places of. the strikers with incompetent men, that £e,\£as b^egC"made to.'realize the foilyf re business standpoint if no other, re employed the union men and has granted. them all they struck for. Many employers do not know what a strike means until they have one on their hands, and after they have one taste of experience they are far more favorably disposed toward a commit tee of employes, it is safe to say that in 95 out of every 100 defeats the workers really gain in the end. THE BASIS OF STRENGTH. The higher the civilization of the people, the higher and greater their respect for and appreciation of the value of labor. A people who labor and who respect honest toil will re main long. Labor is not only the source of the wealth an^ greatness of this republic, but it is the endur ing basis of the strength and han hood- of the people. They are for tunate in living in a time when the rights of the man who works are heeded and when the freedom of the toiler is at least partially assured. Labor and capital should not be an tagonistic, for each is dependent upon the other for existence and pro gression. But of the two labor is the more enduring and will win out in tJ&e end of every struggle that arises. JUDGE -ASKS QUESTIONS! Judge James Phelan of Detroit asks these questions: Have you ever known of a trades council or labor organization corrupting Or uebauching a legisla ture of any state? "Have you ever read of a labor or ganization, no matter how humble, corrupting or debauching the mem bers of a common council for the purpose of securing a franchise? "And is it not the principal object of labor organizations to secure a better wage, such as will enable its members to leave their children in the school-room instead of sending them to the doorways of factories seeking employment at tne tender age of 14?" ORGANIZED LABOR NEEDS Men who cannot be bought. Men who are not afraid. Men who possess good sense and use it. Men who have a will and assert it. Men who are not selfish. Men whose ambitions do not rule them. Meh who are willing to sacrifice personal interest for public good. Men who are honest. Men who lead clean lives. Men who are generous and kind. Men who are sober and industrious. Men who are cool-headed and fair minded. Men who are true-blue unionists. Men who will help the cause as they expect it to_ help them. ELIMINATE DISSENTION, The elimination of dissentlon among the trade Unionists and the promotion p£ internal peace among the various taction* of organized labor is at pres ent one of the most important matter®/ which ca%be given attention anywhere and one which, unless handled without gloves in a moat radical manner, will grow into a monster evil of such enor mous magnitude that it will have gone beyond the bounds'of correction and will work infinite harm to all concern ed. Persona) fetllngs and jealousies, backbitting and knocking local dis putes and differences, hotheaded argu ments, and bitter aftermath are the weeds which, too often flourish in the fiejd of trade unionism, and must be uprooted. lest they, draw the life from, the common cause and drag into dis-. ruption the amalgamation of interests and the concentration of power. The powers that oppress are never better. pleased than when the. labor unions are at war, for well do they realize the truth of the old &dage, "united we stand, divided we fall." Full well do they know that when labor is fighting among itself that it 'will have little time ,or energy to fight for its rights and to seek to better its conditions. Therefore, cut out local strife and do away with locSil dissention. It is the. parasite that saps the life of the union and the evil.which will, wreck it in the end. 1 Shoe workers in Mexico \vork from seleven and one-half to fifteen'hours a day.i receiyi^j frorn 1| ?cents/ to /af it** V' for elegant hand-tailored garments, including fine black cheviots, in the $10.00 line, and the swell new plaids and novelty mixtures, made with belt back and otherwise, in the $15.00. Exceptionally high grades at $18.00, $20.00, $25.00 and $30.00* C. W. ERICSON, Clothier, Hatter, Furnisher, 219 West Superior St. Boys' Mackinaw Suits, 4 to 12 years—per suit $3.95 O proud of our line of Overcoats this season, which we are satisfied is as strong as any shbwri in tlie en tire Northwest. UNION MADE -iH OLDEST BANK AT THE HEAD OF THE LAKES. Incorporated 1879. DEPOSIT YOUR SAVINGS IN THE American Exchange Bank, OF DULUTH, MINN. CAPITAL .. $500,000. SURPLUS EARNED.... ... $300,003. Books given and interest paid on Deposits of' 51.00 and upwards. In our interest deposit department. 1 Open 10. a. m. to 3.p. m. Daily. Saturdays, 10 a. m. to 1 p. m., and 6 to 8 p. m. Ask to see our New Up-to-date .Safety Deposit Vault. Safes rented from $3.00 to $25 per annum. TRADE f-.ARK REGISTERED Bears This Label cn the V- .-leg, Organbar! under the Laws of the State of Minnesota, and under the su pervision of the State Banking Department THE PEOPLE'S UPHOLSTERING STORE IMAtheimei* MADE Td OROElk. I "WAIfOS POLtSHBDi Picture Fraiuln* AH Khjda mt NOW 18 THE TIME TO Start a Savings Account at this Bank. Per Anxnin on Yonr 'Satl^n IWwEVEHY DAY YOUR ... dra*ln at amy time -wltlioii^ iwtice. Wterert coB pouaded twice a year—January Irat ud Jnlr llriit. CAPITAL, $100,000.00. DULUTH SAVINGS BANK. No.' 214 Weit Superior Street, Duluth. MAX WIRTH Prescription Druggist. Oar stock of Drugs and Medicines is selected from the purest and best in the market. We carry a complete line of Domestic and Imported Perfumes.' Toilet Articles, Cigars. Our Prescriptions and Family Receipts are compoun ded with skill and care by expert pharmacists. 13 W. Superior. St., IKS? RED CROSS DRUG STORE. 9 HOLDING YOUR OWN Is a pleasure when you can hold it in- the brewing of beer that will com pete with the best breweries in this country or Eifrope in the manufacture of pure, rich and creamy bottled beer, that possesses the qualities of all with the palatable flavor, and strengthening qualities of the best beer. Try it as an appetizer and tonic—it is good. Brewing ant mailing co mrrnvsR PHONB Z«I. Ooe Commission Co. Incorporated Capital, and Surplus 9600,000 GRAIN COMMISSION AND STOCK BROKERS Leaned Wires, New York to Pacific 'Coast. Duluth Office, 220 West Superior St. Phoneat Old 282 New 57. T. F. KXIiBY, Manager. Deron, Ttay viitni «ntes ^old in Dulutti^ by B. Fv Boyc*. r«a aamola.