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THE UNION. CITY OK WASHINGTON. FRIDAY NIOHT, SEPTEMBER 5, 1845. "THE TREASURY CIRCULAR AGAIN." The National Intelligencer haa signally failed | again in miarepreaenling the course of the Secretary of the Treasury. It is not true, that he haa confined , his circulars to political partisana. It ie not true, I .....mat ?.v HI.ill,,,11V in iianingr them. U)*' ne "?" I' " ?/ ? , ... ? But it ii true, that Mr. Walker hui only (lone what be has a right to do. It is true , that he hai only ought the name kind of information which waa obtained by a former distinguished Secretary, for .the purpoa: of preparing a proper land* ayatem. And it ii true, that he haa sought it, by dietributing his circulars throughout the country, without regard to the politic! of the persons to whom they have been addrewcd. The fact is, that the present tariff law (of 1842) , was framed under circumstances which did not admil of ill perpetuation The treasury was nearly ex- i haustcd. It was obvious that the duties must be J raised beyond the point to which they would have 1 been reduced by the compromise act of '32. But , how far were they to be raised? The friends of I the public credit contended for such a temporary increase us might be sufficient to meet the ' necessary cxjiensea of the government. The manufacturers and the friends of the protective , system He.zed upon the public necessities to ud- 1 vance their private interests. They would be t content w ith nothing leas than a rale of duties which 1 was highly protective to the manufacturers, nnd the few who thrive upon the rest of the community. ( They appeared determined to starve the treasury, and sacrifice the public credit, rather than abandon their own demands. The session of Congress was nearly wasted away in the struggle, until towards the close of it?when there was no time to ad|ust the provisions of the tariff upon the proper principles, even if ilnre had been sufficient votes to cairy it?the present "bill of abominations" was passed. Mr. W. C. Rives declared, in hia speech to the Senate of the United Stales, that it was worse than the act of 1828. Some of the republicans who voted for it, (Messrs. Buchanan and Wright, for example,) declared that they were compelled to take this bill, to muiiunin the public engagements; but that they stood prtqiared at another time, siidunier more favorable auspices, to reduce the system to more equal and proper dimensions. Such was the history of this famous unJ (let us say) odious measure. What is the effect of it? It has pampered the interests of the manufacturers?increased their profits welled their dividends to 20 or 30 per cent.; 'whilst agriculture scatcely divides more thun 3 or 4 jet cent. But we apprehend the mischief will not stop here. The profits which the manufacturers are making, are inviting more capital into the business. Factories are rising in various directions. The protection is not needed in many of the manufactures, because they can be made cheaper in the United States than imported from England; and these manufactories, rising like mushrooms over the land, will pour so many manufactures of particular descriptions into the market, as not only to defy competition from abroad, but bring on a competition among our own fabrics. This, at least, is the danger with which many factories arc now beginning to be threatened. Such is always the effect of a high protection in all countries. It is particularly the case in our own, where the enterprise of our countrymen is so apt to run into excess. We not only overtrade, but we overdo almost everything in which we are encouraged to embark our labor and our capital. It is, indeed, the last country on the globe where particular species of industry require encouragement; because no people are so enterprising as our own, and none are more inventive in the fabrication of labor-saving machines. Is there no danger, then, that, stimulated as our people are by factitious encouragement? their heads turned by immense profits?not being abls to calculate, in this artificial state of things, what are their true interests ; whilst utmost every man, if left, to himself, is a better judge of his own interests than any member of Congress, or the whole body together?more manufactories will be stimulated into existence than arc really necessary, and that we shall see a considerable reaction take place? Such is the general effect of the hot-lied system: and then the suffering mannfaetiirerM ill cry out for more encouregemenl, greater protection, and a higher tariff. Leave Nature more to herself. Let individuals, with all the keenness of sagacity about their own interests, take care of themselves. Such is the dictate of prudence?such is the first principle of political economy. The tariff oflb42 isnow in the first stageof the excitement. It is productive ofgreat profits, and of vosl dividends. Factories are multiplying too frequently upon borrowed capitals. But ngain we ask, may not the day of reaction come? Is not sonic sign of it manifest in the heavy failure of the iron business, (of the Buyards,) the other day, in Pennsylvania' Indeed, almost everything assures us that the present tariff, framed under such circumstances, and loaded with miniinums and specific duties, and high rates of duty, cannot and ought not to continue; but that, in the Innguugc of Mr. Walker, it should "be reduced to the revenue standard." This is one of the seiious objections to this artificial, hot-lied system of protection. We cannot calculate with confidence upon anything permanent. If it produces immense profits, it is unjust to the other portions of the community. If these again stimulate competition, Ihnt ii a chance of its bringing on a partial reaction and loss in some parts of the system. Either way, it is impro|ier?oppressive to the consumer in the first stage of the fever, but injurious to the manufacturer hi the other. The best and safest course seems to lie, to leave things more to themselves, and to reduce the tariff to the true standard. Feeling the value of these truths, ond knowing that the present administration bus come into power with the pledge, (or, even throwing all pledges aside, upon the principle) ol reduction, what is demanded of the Secretary of the Treasury? It becomes his province - rn^n me next session, upon inc nnances 01 the United Slates?to collect facts,and rejiort his information, in order to frame a revenue bill. And how is he to obtain the necessary information to discharge his duties like a wise statesman and an honest man; He is expected to meet the next Congress with i he best bill which h<'ran prepare. He must, therefore, collect information from the best sources he is able to reach. He must go to the great body of the manufacturers. He must apply to the merchants and farmers. One of his queries is addressed to these last classes in his late circular, but we understand that he is about to address some particular arid additional questions to them, to elicit further information. So far as he has already gone, he has pursued the 'fry same course which was taken by one of he ablest secretaries who has ever graced the Treasury. This present circular is precisely a copy of the one which waa issued by Mr. Louis McLane n March, 1834. We have compared them logethf', and we discover no perceptible variation between them. One would think, therefore, thai Mr. Walker would be perfectly safe in following in the footsteps of Mr. Secretary McLane. He was call*d upon to collect this species of information, "d to "accompany it with such a tariff of duupon imports as, in hia opinion, may be adapted to the advancement of the public interest." At another time, he waa directed to .... i imormuion ni to me <ju*nuue# eno Nina* | of the several articles manufactured in the United States during the year, particularly those of iron, cotton, wool, hemp, and sugar, and the cost thereof; am!, also, the quantises and cost of similar articles imported from abroad during the same year, and that he lay the same before this House as early as mny be practicable during the present session of Congress, together with such information as he may deem material, and such suggestions as he may think useful, with a cicte to the adjuitmeiit of tlu tariff." i Mr. McLaue set immediately to work?prepared , his circulars?sent them out to commissioners in different |>arts of the country?und, upon their answers, framed his bill (the celebrated bill of Mr. Verplaiirk) in the ensuing session of 1833-'3. What better course can Mr. Walker pursue? Ve- i ry true, lie has no commissioners 'tb employ, be- i cause he is expressly forbidden to appoint and pay them, by the following clause of tho act of August i 36, 1843: I "Sic. W. Jind he it further enacted, Thut it shall rot, at ( my time heiealter. b? lawful lor any accounting or (lis biimng omcer ol the (government to allow or pay any uc count or charge whatever. growing out of, or iu any way . connected with, uut coininissiou or inquiry, except courts martial or court* of inquiry iu the military or naval service jl the I niio'l States, until special appropriation! shall have been made by law to pay such accounts aud charges: Provid'd, 'l'hat this shull not extend to the contingent fund cou- , neote.1 with the foreign intercourse of the government, placed at the disjmsal of the President of the United States" By the way, we Like the opportunity of correcting one of the strange averments of the National Intelligencer: "1 lis t'uion has itielf tluted that heretofore such Inqnltiei hnre only been made when authorized; have been conducted hy commisalon. (and of rourie under oath on all idea;) and that (fnr a reanon gratuilouily alleged by the Ifovrrnnuint orgaiO the ]K)Wer of appointing auch commitliona has been withdrawn, because it was abused. "A word here of this la?t averment. It udmits that Mr. Mchane, one of td?'ii. Jackson's earliest secretaries, was hy 1 Congress invested with this abused power. It was not intrusted to any secretary in l&PJ. Of course, it it has been corruptly used, it must have been so used under (feneial 1 Jackson or Mr. Van Bureu. The 'Union' should take better care what charges it makes." Now, we heg the reader to look at the date of the above section, and ho will ace that it was passed in August, 1812?one year and a hulf after Mr. Van Bureu had ccasrd to administer the government; and, therefore, that tho charge of abuse scarcely (Wis upon Geti. Jackson or himself. In fact, it was principally produced by the commission which Mr. Secretary Ewing had created to look into the eustom-hoose of New York, and the commission to investigate the expenses of the public buildings in this city. The National Intelligencer, therefore, "ahould take better care what charges if mal.es!" But though the Secretary of the Treasury cannot now, nor can any department, institute u paid commission; yet why should lie not collect information in another way? Mr. Mr Lane obtained it.formation through a commission?not because he was instructed, but because it was probubly the best way; and he bad then the power (according to custom, at le?st) to appoint a commission. But does it follow that Mr. Walker bus no power to collect it, by applying to individuals for information? The "National Intelligencer" says, "the Secretary can summon nobody, compel nobody to testify, put nobody upon oath, give authenticity and completeness to no testimony, employ nobody to take it." Now this looks like an indirect way of saying that Mr. McLane had power to do all these things; and yet, he had none of them but the last, for the answers which he received were not taken under oath; and he had as little power to summon, orcompel manufacturers to testify, or put anybody upon oath, as Mr. Walker himself. The gentlemen whom he employed us his commissioners, hadut lust to go to the manufacturers themselves, and auk I hem to give answers to his queries. The queries are l)r.r;?|.|v ll?. ??me: soil like him Mr Wnlker caii go to the individuals for similar information. If the editor of the Intelligencer denies hint this power, it must he because he thinks Mr. Walker has no power to propound questions, with u view to elicit information on the subject of the turiff?upon which it is his official duly, as the superintendent of the finances, to report at the next session. And is it really come to this?that it is unconstitutional for the Secretary to ask a question? Many of his predecessors have touched the great subjects of the protective tarilT and manufactures, in their official reports; and why may not Mr. Walker? In fact, how can he faithfully discharge his duties, under present circumstances, without all the light which he can obtain? The only material point, indeed, is, whether he is asking questions of proper persons?whether he means to deal fairly and inqiartiully by Congress and the country. We have shown that he has done so. Some of his circulars have been uddreesed to the collectors, some to receivers, some to the postmasters, (all of whom he had officially a right to call upon;) but a great many copies of the circular have been addressed to individuals?to manufacturers, without regard to party. It has been circulated through the "Union," and other newspapers; thus showing that there was no intention to conceal any part of his official proceedings from the eyes of all the world. Any .number of copies will be furnished to the editors of the National Intelligencer, or of the New York Tribune, or of uny other whig presses. The assertion is, therefore, utterly gratuitous and unfounded, that the Secretary has sent his circular to one party only. We have said, this was the very "reverse of the truth," although the Intelligencer denied that "we had contradicted this allegation." What object, then, has the "Intelligencer" in objecting to the circular? Does it reully design to induce the whig manufacturers to withhold the information, by refusing to answer the questions? Well, let them do so; and Congress and the country will know why they have refused to answer. They will know that they have stood mute, because their answers would he conclusive against the tariff of 184:1. Bad must be the bill, which even its friends dare not attempt to uphold by disclosing the facts on the subject. THE ARMY?PROMPT MOVEMENT. Observing several commendatory notices in the papers, of the promptness with which the Lexington wns made ready for sen, after receiving orders from the Nnvy Deportment, it mny not be improper to say that equal pronto is due to the officers of the army, for promptly executing their orders to assemble and prepare for embarkation the troops sent out in the Lexington to Texos, which sailed on the 3d inst Orders were despatched from the War Department on the afternoon of the 23d of August, for the concentration of seven companies of artillery at Fort Columbus, New York harbor, thence to be embarked in the United States ship Lexington, for the army in Texas. Five of the companies were drawn from Frankford arsenal, Pennsylvania; Boston; I Portsmouth, New Hampshire; and Portland, Maine, i The detachment from the most distant station (Port- j lam/) reached New York the morning qf Ihr 30(4, , when the whole command of 40d officers and men, \ under Major J. Erving, 2d regiment of artillery, J with all their supplies and equipments for service, : were in perfect readiness to embark. The promptitude with which the orders of the j War Department were executed, is highly creditable to the service. Some very inconsiderate criticism has been ul- | tered in the public press, in regard to the small force j with which General Taylor entered Texas. That force waa the beat, in strength and equipment, that government could collect at the moment at that point; and it was quite sufficient to take a position, and to hold it against any Mexican army, etren if the accounts we had of thr troops she waa marching u|M>n Texaa had proved correct. The force which General Taylor took into Texas, would have checked i the advance of any Mexican army, we Armly believe I In the mem lime, orders were promptly despatched i to other disenable troops of the United Stales; and J these orders were executed with zeul by the army. The various companies and detachments wete rap- ( idly put in motion. We have, on a former nccasion, remarked the prompt movement of Genercl ' Worth and his regiment; and, so farna we have been informed, a like alacrity has attended the execution of all the orders issued from the Department of War. In a service *o well organized as ours, the energy and intelligence of the head is always marked in the efficiency of the whole body. The department, however, has, and always must have, one inconvenience te contend with. Our small regular force is, and always must be, disposed in small bodies i ?generally in single companies?along our exten- ( ive line of sea-coast and inland frontier. Their ( concentration, even in the emergency of war, ? must necessarily be the work of some time?collect- ' Bd, as they must be, from the remotest points of a J " rent continent; and we have luurned, with a due appreciation of the good spirit which animates the j 1 service, of that prompt execution of orders which j f alone can leaaen una difficulty to the department. 1'he papera of New Yorkv notice the sailing front i that port, on the 2d September, of seven companies 1 of the artillery, in the ship Lexington. Those com- J panics (us we learn) were stationed at the various | military posts of Portland, Maine; Portsmouth, I New Hampshire; Boston; New York heritor; and ' Frankford, near Philadelphia. The orders for their J movement were issued from Washington on the ? 23d ultimo; und on the 30th, the remotest company r was in New York, and all were ready to embark. ^ Such facta arc most satisfactory testimony to the good government of the army, and its own excellent condition. The sending these troops into Texas, in the slate of our relations with Mexico, and the doubtful character of the information wc can obtain from that country, may be regarded rather as a careful and wise precaution, than a measure of urgent and ubsolute necessity. One of the great objects of the republican parly is the reduction of the tariff. The "Union" will lake up the subject in a few days, and discuss the whole system in u regular manner. As Mr. Walker emphatically said, "the laritr must be reduced to the revenue standard." Themanufacturcrsareas yet making enormous profits, at the expense of the rest of the community. But the number of manufacturers is very small, compared with the whole society. An estimate has just been made, by which it appears that from 1830 to 18-10 "the manufacturing population has increased 231,343, and the people who are to feed them hove increased 1,486,100." Every consideration, indeed, of justice and equality among the different sections of the country and classes of the community, conspires with the soundest principles of political economy, to recommend important reductions of the tariff, and to bring about an equalisation of burdens us well as blessings upon the . , country. ! t . , Wc are indebted to a distinguished friend, who ' arrived in the Caledonia, and reached Waahingt< n this morning, for some London papers, and eape- j cially extracts from the latest London "Times" and j "Morning Chronicle." We shall use them to-mor- ' row, having neither time nor space to appropriate J them to the advantage of the "Union" this evening. , It appears, at the first blush of the English and I French papers, that the "Times" is violently ex- 1 citrd about the annexation of Texas; and that a j counter-current of the public sentiment is rising in , France, in opposition to the foreign policy of M. t Guizot, particularly as to the co-operation which 1 has been effected between France and England in J regard to Texas. i RICHARD M JOHNSON. We have been politely furnished by the writer 1 with a copy of the following letter addressed to the ' President of the United States. , i Its language is, in many places, strong, but em- I inently characteristic of the man who occupies a prominent place in the affections of his countrymen?a man whose heart and valiant arm have al- , ways been on the side of his country. White Sulphur, Scott county, Ky., August 24,184.r>. Dear sir: We are informed in every direction, i by rumor which seems entitled to credit, that Mexico has declared war against the United States M And for what? Because of the annexation of Texas! I Future ages will scarcely credit this folly and rank recklessness and injustice, when we recollect and connect with it the late treaty entered into by Mexico and some of the functionaries of Tex- ' as, by which Mexico agreed to the independence of Texas, if the latter would refuse to become a part of the United States, from which Texas had been separated, by a mysterious want of sagacity in sagacious men, upwurds of twenty years ago. Thus Mexico withdrew her less than shadow of n claim to Texas, with a proviso hostile to the United States, for which she deserved our indignation and our execration, if we did not know that she was acted upon by France and Great Britain; and, in her desperate condition, like a drowning man catching at straws, acted the automaton of these great European poweis. What was it to Mexico, whether Texas became a part of the United States, or remained independent? The United States had never wronged her, but had connived at injuries received from Mexico, out of our sympathy for a power adjacent, which exhibited some desire for liberty, and to imitate the United Sates in her glorious and free institutions; and Mexico knows that she has no such kind feeling in the bosoms of the kings 01 foreign oiaies, cxcepi uuii which uhbfh ironi a conviction of advantages in commerce, or n similarity of kindly power and inmi ttitmns. Then it is more than evident that our cause is just?no shadow of doubt, thank Qod, remains upon the most common mind, as to the right being on our side, and a most wanton violation of friendship and peace on the part of Mexico towards us. This is another proof (if another is wanted) to satisfy to us that the United Slates can never enjoy tranquillity, prosperity, happiness, and peace, so long as we are surrounded by other nations nol republics, und the colonies of foreign States This is our condition. Let us not grieve or repine, but trust in that (jod who has given us the victory in two wurs with one of the most powerful nations of the earth. If tear i? declared ognimf u* by Mexico, in total disregard of right, of justice, of friendship, and the laws of nations, I now tender my services to you, in behalf of my country, whom you represent, to your credit and honor. 1 do not wish to enter the icgulai army. I do not wi?h to engage for and during the war, embarrassed as I am in my private fortunes; nor do I wish to leave my retirement and the management of my' private affairs, so long as it j may be our policy to defend our soil alone from the foreign invader. These duties can be dis- j charged without tny aid, with case, and without' difficulty; but if you should feel it your duty to pursue the policy of carrying the war into the enemy'a country, to plant our bnnner at Snnta Fe, Vera Crux, Mexico, or California, and give liberty and stability to free government, where disorder anil ail- i archy now predominate, where no kindred spirit of i freedom can animate those high officers who repre- 1 tent an oppressed people, and who may have pre- < ci pita ltd i hem into a wur, to preserve the power which I they seem precariously to hold;?when that time | shall arrive, and thnt policy shall be determined on, then I am ready to raise a corps of Kentucky I volunteers, of any iiumhwfrom one thousand to five i thousand men, to serve twelve months from the | commencement of marching orders, after organize- ; tion, with a promise to re engage after the expire- i tion of the vear. if the honor nnd situation of thr i country should require it?men who will mnke no other promise than this: that they will do their duty ae citizen soldiers; and what God has allotted for man to do for his country, they will try to do; and if I am again spared to meet the enemies of my country in battle, in a war ?n our part so just, and i force*- upon us by ignorance, ambition, foreign in- j fluence, and selfishness, I will try to see the duties of the cilizen soldier handsomely, bravely, and gallantly | performed, to the honor of the corps, and to the benefit o'f our country. The crisis has arrived; war, I suppose, is declared. We know not who may lie at the bottom of it. Our country will soon be a unit, and the voice of treason will not be heard in our land. The discordant notes of the press?whetherit was tweedle-dum or twcedledee?will lie lost in the general shout and huzza for our country, for victory, for our federal Union, including the additional brilliant star of Texas. As a citizen, I thank you, and congratulate my I .ountry for your prompt action in concentrating the taval and military forces of tli'o United Siatea on the en and and on the eca, nady to meet our enemy. W Accept tliia hasty letter, written in the turmoila ne ind bustle of busy private life, from one who wishes de Kou every blessing und every honor which results wi rom a faithful dischurge of your public duty to your sh souutry. Most respectfully, wi RH. M. JOHNSON. fe| Col. James K. Polk, pu President of the United States, un City of Washington. pr tie EDITOR'S CORRESPONDENCE, Nnv Yoas, Sept. 2, 1845. Editor qf the Union; Wl I have the pleasure of informing you that I reach- ar, id this city last night, alter an absence of nearly t(,i hree months. On reckoning up the distance trav- jjy, reed, 1 find it amounts to about 4,200 miles. I ?u isve reaaon to be thankful that, during tins long es| md arduous journey, I enjoyed com] iralively good jt lealth, and reached home in safety. in'( I have been in the city too abort a lime to get the e(| mng of things. In lieu of local information, I will fl five you some particulars appertaining (o my Iran-' |U| tit from Louisville to New York. I reached Cincinnati on the 26th ultimo, where 1 j vr 'emained about u day, for a passage on a small boat' ,|l( mund to Wheeling, called the "Financier," which j vj| vas said to draw less than two feet of water, and vv would certainly reach Wheeling without detention | , iy grounding, tfcc. On leaving in litis email craft, |?. , found her crowded with passengers to hef utntont wj iintiB. Every state-room and berth was occupied, ind the cabin floor lined with mattresses to accom- trt nodate those deprived of them. Such a crowd on a I f0| nnull boat, with excessively hot wcnther, rendered l|)l i passage on her anything but ugreeable. pln When we act oft'on the morning of the 27ill, I ?|, bund her to be a very alow bout, making only ^ tbout six miles per hour. Her alow progress, with ;n lie liability to be stopped every night by denae ogs, to any nothing of her liability to get aground, lompletely disheartened me; so that, on reaching ati Portsmouth, ISO miles above Cincinnati, knowing he worat part of the river was to be overcome,! pj eft the bout at that place, preferring to stage it tjr hrough Ohio to Wheeling, as a more certain and fAI ixpeditioua mode of travelling. I departed fiom Portsmouth, in the stage, for Dhilieolhe, about 8 a. m. on the 28:h ult., aoon af- n, er landing from the bout; distance 45 miles. The Scioto.enters the Ohio at Portsmouth. This nl itrcani rises in the northern part of the Slate, hue- ?0 ng a general course to the southeast; being about 200 utiles tu length. At high stages of water, it is m m>id to be navigable for 130 miles. The bottom, or valley of the Scioto, contains very rich land. As we passed up through it, we saw the tj, noat splendid fields of Indian corn we hud yet met or with in the west. 0j Indeed, us we passed farm after farm, it seemed is though we were winding our way through a tT wilderness of rank and luxuriant Indian e.orn. l0 The ahuiiduncc of the crops of corn and other ?f grain, the present year, throughout the rich valley f the Mississippi, is wilhout a precedent. The wonder there is, not as to where the people are to ,j{ ;et ''bread-stuffs," but what on earth tltey are to do 5(1 with their surplus abundance? Where are tltey to ind consumers?purchasers of those immense crops? ufj Are the manufacturers to consume it for them? Not |(r it all. They can depend upon no other source for r? ixing a price for it, than in foreign demand. If l0 hey are not permitted to exchange it with other na- c? ions, through the ugency of commerce, for articles m .hey require for consumption, they must submit to (0 iterv low prices. Think of farmers in the West toiling the whole nl pear to raise com at 10 cents per bushel, add wheat jt it from 40 to 45 cents! "Then raise less," cries the jn srottcled anti-commercial man. What! check indus- jj, :ry, und stop the cultivation of the most fertile soil tj, 3od has ever bestowed on man as inheritance? Stop (w die most healthful, virtuous, and independent pur- pQ luit that man ever followed?the ditrnilv and use- ... rulncss of which are before all others! No, stop it p(1 not, crush it not; rather support and sustain it, as ?? :he mother of prosperity, wealth, and independence. r [lather cut loose the swaddling bands of commercial q restriction, which hamper it on every side. Open jp new markets for its rich returns, and liberalize t|, md improve those already existing. Let the white rsnvuss of the ocean fieely sail to and from distant { ? ports laden with the rich Iruits of the farmer's toil, rejoicing as they go in the prosperity of their trade, ^ and in a nation's greutness. Away with the nar- (e row-minded restriction, which would subject all inilustry to the selfish purposes of exclusive pecuniary at profit of a fnvored few. |j( The Erie canal, about 300 miles long, joins the m Ohio at Portsmouth. It follows the vulley of the Scioto for a short distance above Circleville, which is about 63 miles from the Ohio. jn Chilieolhe, Columbus, and Circleville, with other y flourishing villages and towns, are found scattered along the banks of the Scioto. Columbus, as is well Vl known, is the seat of government, through which the -p national road |>asses. It also receives a feeder from Pl the canal. Its site, in 1812; was said to be a coin- u| pact forest. It now contains 7,000 inhabitants. I'he State-house is a respectable edifice with a cu- (0 pola 106 feet high, from the top of which there is a p| fine view of the surrounding country. The Slate piison is located hero. The building for the public w offices is 100 feet by 25. In a line with the State buildings is a handsome United States court house. On the opposite side of the river is the village of Franklinton. _ Chilicothc stands on the west hank of the Scioto, ' and is the seal of justice for Ross county. It was first laid off and settled in 1796, and was for some ct time the seat of the State government. It .contains oi about 6,000 inhabitants. It stands central to a very a; rich district of land, immense fields of the finest In- fe dian corn growing around it, almost to the suburbs ti of the town. It contains several stores, hot. Is, Ac., rn two or three newspapers, an academy, a flourish- hi ing female seminary, four collon-mills, a rope- y walk, an oil-mill, a woollen-mill, a paper-mill, sev- is eral saw-mills, and a number of large flour-mills, o| pork slaughtering and packing-houses. A Many tumuli und remains of Indian antiquities I" exist in the neighborhood, one of which stood on la the present town site. In levelling it, large quatui- fr ties "of human bones were found. ol A hill rises abruptly on the southwest side of the at town. It commands an extensive und very de- ri lightful prospect of the surrounding country, interspersed as it is with luxuriant fields, green mea- F dows, furm-houscH, and the.meatideiings of the R river. P A Macadamized turnpike leads all the way from p Portsmouth to Columbus, 90 miles, via Chilieolhe, p Circleville, &c. B This road, eleven miles east of Chilieotlie, B passes up a snmll gorge in some hills, on the north p side of which is seen u low naihIhIoiic bluff, or cliff, X thickly wooded at lop. At ita base is a cave, now enclored in front, leaving one door. This was lor a long time the residence of a hermit. On top of the low cliff, and directly above the cave, is a hewn p, stone pillar, or monument?erected, I presume, by o( the builders of the road?to his memory, with the g following inscription engraven on its front: "To TIIE.MEMORV OF WlLLIAM HEWITT, A HERMIT, X WHO* FOR 14 TEARS, LIVED IN THIS CAVE, Ol WHEN ALL AROUND HIM WAS A W1L- p, DKRNESi. He DIED IN 1834, W At.ED 70 TEARS." pi Mr. M., of Circleville?a fellow-passenger in the stage, and who had resided in the country from his I R| boyhood?told me that he had seen Wm. Hewitt, Si and eonveiard with him respecting his history, Arc. vi He stun i i!i?t he was from New York; that, having if lost Ins 1 'her, the property lefl by him fell inlo dis- Si pule between himself and his brothers; that the lat- a ler succeeded in cheating him out of his patrimony; N whereupon lie became disgusted with them, and in with mankind in general. He travelled off to the I wilderneas, and took up his residence in a rave, a a- as eluding himself from nil intercourse with his ape- A ties. He supported himself on the game which he A killed with his gun. Some have supposed his serlusion from his friends and his race to have arisen from being crossed in love, or from some disappointed, unrequited affair of the heart. Mr. M .'a story of himself and two brothers il- 01 lustrates the history of many others, who, in early th limes, sought a home in the great West. They were to poor nrnhati boya from Pennsylvania, who slrag- ar fled off to Ohio, when it was s wilderness, to seek gt their fortunes as best they might. One bound him- m elf to a house-joiner and cabinet-maker, but, from ' H< ill treatment, was compelleit 10 leave hint, and went at to Mayaville; where he succeeded in perfecting him- th lelf in hi* trade, and making aome money. He p< then went to Natchrz, Mississippi, where he in one d? year aucceeded in making, l>y his trade. $1.500. He bt then returned to Maysville, and, with hie money, di nded by aome Credit with Mr. Bonn, a wealthy ar miller of that place, he commenced ahipping flour w an flat-boala to Natchez?which adventurea proved w quite profitable. He afterwarda married the daugh- let ter of Mr. Boon, and movrd to Missouri, where hr tie purchaaed valuable lands and milla, supplied Ilia ell rarm with negro laborers, and la now considered di me of the wealthy men of the State. When he "< ended first in Maysville, he was not master of a or iollar. ta The two other brothers struggled on at Circle- br rille, and now rank among the most solid and re- rx ipectable merchants in the country?all the result of 1* honest and persevering industry tit ___ It is curious to observe, thai, enter whatever si tall town you may, of nny age or note in the hi 'est, (slid often at the East also,) the villagers ,\ ver fail to point you to some dwelling as (he resi- vi nee of the John Jacob Aalor of tTC place, and 01 ill tell you they knew him when he was a poor "I oemaker, tailor, blacksmith, or carpenter. ei These nabob* of country towns, w ho attract the ti< nnder and admiration of their less fortunate st low-villagers, are too often found with full to irsee, it is true, but with empty heads, and not tr ifreouenily with mean and narrow hearts. Dr- (I ived of early education and intelligent associa- is ins, and not gifted with natural endowments, the la uider with a close observer is, how they managed, p ihout wit, or any great forecast of mind, to get tli :h at all. The serret of success with many a m untry-town Aslor, lies in this: they have lieen made 01 talthy by the progressive increase of the cotinuy Ac ottnd them; wealth being often forced upon tli cm tiy the circumstances of the country. In early II r, from parsimonious habits, they lay by sniull til ms of money, which they invest in lots and real m late. The same love of gain enables tliern to hold si till the improvement of the country vastly aug- to :nts its vulue, when they are regulurfy transform- ;a into the Whittingtons or Astors of the place, tii lis is all right, fair, and honorable?I merely al- si te to it as a trait of American life. si I reached Chilicolhe early in the evening of a tl y hot day, and had to remain till midnight for T 5 arrival of the Maysville stage, bound to Zanes- m le, w here' it intersected with the Columbus and I) 'heeling line running on the great national road, w ook a room with the intention of snatching a nap m fore midnight, but the heat of the room waa dt lolly insupportable. Not h breath of air seemed Id move from any quarter. The perspiration rolled to >ni nie in streams. Without closing my eyes, there- si re, 1 finally rushed from the room and house into pi s open air, to uwait the coming of the stage. It re ally drew up at the hotel, when I gladly set out of >ne, being the only passenger on board. I had a si tier opportunity to sleep; which I however failed w obtaining, as the coach jolted severely. 01 We had to ride 36 miles to Lancaster to break- tli it, where we found a considerable inland town, ai pplied with a feeder from the Erie canal. It ia tli 10 quite a manufacturing place. Without stop- cc ng to say more of Lancaster, I will merely menin that, after picking up a tolerably good break- at it, and some four or five passengers, wc continued al i the turnpike road leading from Chilicothe to io inesrille, on the Muskingum river, where wc ar- it >cd to dinner. te This town is situated at the falls of the river, 60 pi ilea above its mouth at Marietta. This stream, at n >od stages of wuter, is navigable by steamboats to c< uiesville, and by keel-boats to Coshocton, 100 (t iles above its mouth. ia The Muskingum rises near the sources of Cuyaiga, which empties into Lake Erie at Cleveland, T e terminus of the canal. Between the two streams, E navigable wa era of each, there is only a portage di ' a mile. w Zanesville is situated on the east bank of the riv- n i beigg connected with West Zanesville and the 0< wn of Putnam by two bridges?one of which is p iw nearly rebuilt, after having licen recently burnt iwn, with Borne houses snd mills adjoining. ( These towns, which msy be considered as por- m ins of Zanesville, contain, with it, about 450 to P k) houses, and from 6,000 to 7,000 inhabitants. It a] an excellent situation for manufacturing, the falls p fording extensive water-power. Numbers ot mills e in successful opeiation ; among which are seve- t> I flour mills, saw mills, a woollen mill, n nail fuc- r< ry, a rolling mill, &c. The Ohio and Cleveland ni nal passes within four miles of the town. Bitu- Is inons coal is found ill great abundance about the ? wn. t< We left Zanesville on the evening of the 30th nit., b 4 p. m., having 70 miles to travel to Wheeling, p rained the greater part of the night. On landg at Wheeling, about 6 next morning, I learned at the steamer "Financier" hnd not arrived, and at I bad got ahead of her. There was only about ro feet of water in the river at this place. The Mowing night, while crossing Laurel Hill, we had lother hard and steady rain. It is probable, there- q re, that ere now this uncertain una fickle river ia u ;ain up; being liable, however, to a sudden full. o It seems strange that the people of Louisville, w incinnati, and Putsburg, numbering, in the aggre- l> ite, near 150,000 inhabitants, in connexion with h e populous districts and interior villages that de- o ;nd upon the Ohio as an outlet to trade, do not put n Tin grcuicr ciiurw iur uio improvement ui us navi- n ition. From the nature of the gravel and sniul c ntom of the river, with banks of the same chnrac- A r, it is utterly impossible to build permanent coffer- tl tms on sand-bars, as the government have in vain c templed to do, at an immense expense, and with f< itle or no advantage to navigation. Indeed, at tl any points it has been made manifestly worse tl an it was before. v Some five or six years since, a plan, with draw- p gs, &c., Ac., nf a machine, wan submitted to the a nited Slates Senate by the writer, which was or- n :rcd to be printed. This plan has received the fa- c irable consideration of the Chief of the Bureau of p 'opographical Engineers; and may be further no- o ed by him, should Congress be induced to make li lother appropriation for the improvement of this uportant western river. It is unnecessary for me v i allude to the subject further than 1 have done at n resent. fi A fine shower has beep falling while I have been a riling. Yours, very truly, u MORGAN. a New York, September 2, 1845. h 'n the Editor of the Union: l' I have been looking over, to-day, some facts in ' mnexion with the business of our canals; and to " ne unacquainted with its extent, it might, indeed, ipear marvellous, and almost beyond belief. A n w statistics may not be uninteresting. It appears " lat the amount nf business upon the canals, or " ither the amount of revenues derived from lolls, n is been greater this year than during any previous I1 ear, with the excepUon of that of 1844. The to1 receipts into the treasury of the State, from the T riening of navigation (20lh April) to the 15th of ' ugust, amount to the enormous sum of om million e no hundred and twenty three thousand and eighty dolirs, (^1.223,080.) This, it will be recollected, in e ir a period of little more than four months. A few c F the appcullural and. other products transported id arriving from the interior to the Hudson a ver, at Albany and Troy, were? n In 1841. In 1845. ? est of boards 177,720 349... .232,434,700 T arrels of beef 18,113 50,000 " ouiuls of cheese 14,174,081 26,674,500 '' ounds butter and lard. .16,167,653 22,596.300 u ounils of wool 3,617,075 7,672,300 "I ushels of wheat 781,655 1,262,249 * arrels of flour ... 1,647,492 2,222,204 " ounds of clover-seed .. 3,571,334 4,594,800 " onsof merchandise > ,or ' ascending [ ...132,841 130,616 n 1 give you but nine articles out of forty-one cnu- ^ icrated by the commissioners of the canal fund; j] nt you will, from these few facts, obtain some idea r the value of our internal improvements to the late of New York, and of the great and regular ,'J luusl increase of the business done upon them, he entire original cost of construction of the Giand [' - Erie canal having, during the present year, been 1 lid off, the lolls next year will be greatly reduced, ? hich, of course, will be duly appreciated by our roduce-erowers and others. From jhe census now being taken, there is every j ipearance of our retaining the title of "Empire late." The marshals of several of the towns and n llsges in the interior have closed their labors; and P a proportionate increase holds on throughout the o late, we shall number very near or ciuite three and n half millions of inhabitants. Brooklyn, opposite ew York, contained, in 1840, 36,233 inhabitants; " 1845, 59,925. The business at our custom-house, understand, is not as heavy this month (August) i in the corresponding month oflast year, viz- [_ ugust, 1844 3,142,226 75 \ ugust, 1845 2,759,777 74 i, Decrease 382,449 01 There are few subjects attracting more attention, - which are more discussed among commercial men, an that of the tariff The discontent in refeience ! ? the operation of the present law is very general,! id the hope is equally so, that it will be not only i -rally reduced, but equalized in its application, and ] ade into such shape and form as to be understood. ; arce two can be found who will put the same con- ( ruction upon some of its clauses or sections; and is, of course, gives unprincipled men greater op- q irtunitiea of evading the true intent of the law, and ^ frauding the government of its just dues. I have ^ en told of a somewhat curious case relative to the ^ fTerent meanings which some sections of the tariff e made to assume, to suit the whim (pecuniary him!) of importers. One clause reads: "Articles nrn by men, women, or children, of ichalrttr ms- w Hal composer), made up in whole er in port by yi tnd, shall pay a duty of 40 per cent." Under this! fj, -silaUa whirh wrmlri ollirru/iae nnv m Ky of 20 per cent., are, bv being hemmed or aewed, al ?r in port made up," made to nay 40 per cent.; and, tj, i the other hand, many articlea paying an exorbi- p, nt duty, are purpoaely alightly "made up," whieh inga them under the more moderate duty of 40 x cent. The ca?e referred to, waa, a* I hare fr en informed, an invoice containing but Itro ?r I b< :le??ailk handkerchief* and India ahawla. India I I lawls made of goat'*-hair, pay 90 par cant.; ailk tndkc rehiefs pay at the rata ot |9 50 per pound, ow, it aaema theae particular handkerchiefs were :ry heavy onea; and the keenneaa of the importer, shipper, induced him to cauaa the article to be hemmed," by which he made a hand somesaving? ipenally an the article, by aome singular construe- ,j, on, ia ailin11ted m ihia shape at 30 per cent., in- all cad of 40, which the law evidently intended them 1 pay. So far, than, all went well. The little ick (for you mual know the few llireada run into ic edge, and called a Arm, ia intended tube, aa itcer- cr inly muat be, taken out and done over properly, sfore Tiaing) ia working to a charm. The ap- ? raisera, however, in examining the ahnfcla, found icv alao were "hemmed," or aewed, and "in part I nc lade up by hand;" the border being uctually aewed (j, a?not imUatum sewing either, but good, aubstanlial, tj, ma fide sewing?which, of course, raised them from j( ic 90 per cent, to the 40 per rent, clause or aection. [err, then, was a regular "fix." The owners were m kely to lose more by the real tewing than they S11 ade by the artificial. The#eewed" ahawla would tallow up the "hemmed" handkerchiefs, and more jr >o. Of course, great waa their aurpriae and diaup- a|, untinent. They protested against this construe- c|, nn, and endeavored to ahield themselves under the m tmewhat ridiculous notion, that, because India ] lawls are invariably sewed in this way, therefore 1 iey must be exempted from the 40 per cent, clause, j M he appraisers, or a majority of them, could not be ade to nee the force of this argument, worthy of u ngbrrry. A re-examination was made, however, (j ithout arriving at any other conclusion; and the titer is referred, as I hear, to the collector, for his o .cision; which, if not in accordance with the f, >?ral views of the importer, will be carried f the Secretary of the Treasury. This is a ju riking illustration of the different meanings the al resent law is made to assume. It may be a ad backwards or forwards, just as the interest ' the importer dictates; but the above is, I should ippoae, too plain a case to admit esen of a doubt. It q ould seem hard, indeed, to charge 40 percent, up- \ i a "hemmed" worsted shawl, intended alone for th ic poorer class; while the hemming or sewing u|K>n er i India shawl, intended alone for the moat weal- q ly, is to go unnoticed, and charged at only 20 |>er |? 'lit. More of this anon. gl Our Slute Agricultural Fair commences next week p, . Utica. It will probably be one of the most grand ?f fairs of the kind ever held in the country. 1 hope 0( i be present, to give you soma facia in reference to 10 . The unti-rcni difficulties are occupying much ntntion in the interior of the State. About eighty risonrrs are now confined in Delaware county. Muy wings arc inclined to fuvor these lawless pro- ru -tdiiigs; and the leading whig paper in the State, cr he Mew York Tribune,) if not their avowed organ, fr i the ready apologist of many of their principlrs. w Only one person inurderrd in this city yesterday! f? 'lie war fever is fulling, und slocks arts rising. The Irie Railroad Company have selected, a new presi- s ent, Benjamin S. Loder, esq.?one of our most p, eahhy and enterprising merchants; and there is nw every prospect of the subscription of (3,000,00 being mude up, and the road urged on to com- j clion. Our theatres are all crowded nightly. The Kesns Miss Tree that was,and Charles Kean, son of Ed- ., innd the Great) arc drawing fair ho uses at the p ark; but the French Opera Company at Niblo's npear to draw the most fashionable portion of ^ laygoers. . p What do you think of a private horse-race over ie Union course, Long Island.'?the blond nags to be ?l vde by none of your vulgnr-minded men, but none ,k<.- ....... ,.( r....h n.?i.i,i? idies. Such a one in to come off"aoon. Ye gods! '' hat a sight. And who would not forsake :he ge y lJ uriiamciita of the White Sulphur, for the sake of CJ eing prcaent at audi a jockey-match, if for no other E urpoae than jual to "ahoot folly us it (lie*?" e LEDYARD. [From our regular correspondent.) Philauelpiiia, Sept. 4, 1845. The course of the Nalionnl Intelligencer, on the " ueation of our difficulties with Mexico, is calcula- ? :d to arouae the indignation of all parlies in this al luntry. There is n difference?and llna is a fact 'hich the Intelligencer has evidently yet to learn? * etween a contest between two domestic parties, 11 ere in our own national family, and between two r pposing and distinct nations. He who, in the lat r cuse, would seek to gratify his spleen by aiding te cause of a foreign people, ia opposed to his own ountry, and can beat be treated with <ta an enemy. ? tr.d, surely, the National Intelligencer muat know j( ist, in taking such a course, it exposes itself to the _ ertuinty of a humiliating defeat. Let that hereto- ? jrc courteous and excellent paper take, warning by _ he past; and let it not seek to rush headlong into [j he fate which befell the pcacc-pariy during the laii. 0 rar and the lories of the revolution. 1 he whig ? arty of this duy may have been opposed to annex- p lion; but. now thut Texas ia a part of our anil? tl ow that the lone star glitters in our own glorious y onstcllation,?what was before only a question of arty, is now the cause of country, of justice, and . f right! He will be less than wise who seeks, in ? lis own case, to prove the reverse of this opinion. J* We have beard much about the preparations for " rar, and much in praise of the adminiatrdtion fur w taking these preparations. They are, indeed, as " orniidable and extensive us they were promptly " nd vigorously decided upon. Had they i)ol been * nade, the Intelligencer would, no doubt, have urged 0 erious complaints against the weakness utid ineffi- . iency of the government. And now that they J are been made?mark the prophecy, Mr. Ritchie!? JJ hat same paper will take the admtnistiation warm- ' y to task, in a little while, for plunging the country ^ lto "useless" and heavy expcnsca ! , [And thus a certain degree of eiptnu prevents t| iuc.li greater expense. The despatching of our troops M 3 the vicinity of the Rio Grande may so far have _ perated upon the Mexicans, as to prevent the accu- v nulation of a larger force on their aide than might lave taken 'place. The knowledge of our preparaions may forbid any attack. The very energy die- v dayed by the administration defeats the danger. c t operates like tbe lightning-rod, and dissipates the ? lements of the gathering tempest ] " The whigs of this city nominated John Swift, j sq., last evening for mayor. In a few weeks, the 0 anvnss will be exciting and warmly opened. _ One of the tnokt disastrous failures that has ever ? ccurred among the manufacturers of this State, was nade known some days ugo. The Messrs. Bayrd (brothers. I think, of senator Bavard.) pro rietors of the Emeline furnace, about fourteen I mien from Harrisburg, and the Victoria furnace, b seated in Clark'a Valley, about aix miles further fi ip the Susquehnnga river, have failed; their liabit- h Liea being in the neighborhood of one hundred thou- V and dollars. The capital lately invested in the gi ron-wotks in this State is enormous. In the lorthern counties new furnaces are going up every hi ay; and in Schuylkill county, it is said that rt ne township contains no less than seven. The msiiiess thus overdone, cannot fail to produce ex- hi ilosions uinong those who rush into it without re- 01 cct ion. The Caledonia arrived at Boston yesterday morn- w ig, but with little or no tidings of importance, rt 'he English crops are better than was at first ex- A ee'ed. This will not be good news to our agricul- tt jrists. There is very little material here to write si bout. The present calm, however, may be the irerunner of an interesting winter. ol The Dauphin Guards left this city M-day by the '' fternnon train for Baltimore. Their visit has im- R rested our citizens with a very favorable opinion f the citizen soldiery of Pennsylvania. They al arched to the depot under escort of the Blues, their! d< osts, who appeared in undress uniform. I d' Naval.?The United States steamer Col. Harney, j ^ .ieut. Com'g Whittle, sailed from Norfolk on | tei Wednesday, for Texas, via Mobile. The following I jg i a list of her officers: ' w Wm. C. Whittle, Lieut. Com'g- fa 1st Lieutenant?M. Smith. Acting Master?Geo. W. Rodger*. Pavel Assistant Surgeon?Wm. A. Nelson Passed Midshipmen?R T. Renshaw, H. N. T. , mold. Midshipmen?A F. Warley, J. J. Wsddell. JJJ! Piis.-engers?M. M. Thompson, 3d Ass't Engirer; Win. Luce, 3d do. ,c The N. Y. Commercial Advertiser of Wednesday = iys; (jC " The storealiip Lexington sailed yesterday for the da ulf of Mexico, with 650 troops on board. Among 1 th le arms ?he takes out, are 1,300 six-chambered ri-j tit ?, accompanied by an unheard-of quantity of pow- 1 :r, Ac." 1C The Boston Atlas of Tuesday says: "We understand that the old frigate United States ft: ent into the dry-dock a' the Charleatown navy <t[ trd, on Saturday last, for repairs. The United ,ni tales was built in 1796, and has seen long and q 'eniful service. We learn that she has never for. j | any rate, very rarely) been beaten in sailing, and _ at she is now so sound as to require hut slight re-1 tirs." | I - Miiitary.?The barque Phoenix, Boueh, flailed 3a oni Old Point yeatarday, with United Stale* troop*,! )und to Aranana bay,(Texa#.) : Fa [.Vorfoik Bttcon, Srpt 3. | | i, J, /, , From the New York Journal of Commerce, 9?|)t i ARRIVAL OP THE CALEDONIA. The steamer Caledonia arrived at Boaton yeetery morning (3d inat.) at 6 o'clock, from Liverpool ucust 19th. We are indebted to Adama A Co.'s express for , e early receipt of papers brought via Springfield id New Haven. Cottou had slightly improved; alao American provtons generally. The weather had been more favorable to the grain ops. The stock of corn on hand from last year's crop much greater than was auppoeed a month ago. 1 The amount of specie in the Bank of England is i less than JCI6,0l)0,00tt?an unttsiudly large quany. On this account, the hank refuses (h purchase e Chinese instalment of $2,0U0,000 in silver, and will be publicly *old. Parliament wat prorogued on the 9th of August, r the Queen in person. During its session, it nclioned the construction of 9,000 miles of new itwavs in England and Scotland, and 560 miles in eland. The capital authorised to be raised in iares for this purpose amounts to ?31,680,000, ex naive of ?6,800,000 required for the Irish lines? nking, in all, ?38,480,000. Sir Hubert Peel gave assurance that he contentaled no change in the principle of the existing mi laws. Willmer's News Letter says: Ministers have acted with great vigor and promplude in Ireland, by dismissing Mr. Watson from ie deputy lieutenancy of a county, for attending an range meeting, and publicly recommending the reitablishment of a society under the ban of the law. hey seemed determined to administer even-handed slice to Orangemen and Reiiealers. The great Orige meeting held in Enuislcillen on Tuesday was failure, and the repeal agitation is falling away in tcreat and revenue. 10,000 persons were present. Mr. M< Lane has delivered his credentials to the .ueen, and Mr. Everett his letters of recall. The inerican ambassador was anxious to enter upon ie object of his mission instantrr; but, as Lord Abdeen had arranged to accompany the Q,u<k n to ermany, the commencement of negotiations wua istpnned. Her Majeaty, it wil' be sren, has had a ormua reception on the continent. A Lo' don pa*r, in the Pulmerstonian interest, says?"The visit ' the Queen to the Rhine has given rise to a world 'jealousies und mistrusts? haa made courts anxus, and dip'omatista buay." The aiock of Britiah goods on hand generally are uted to be slight. Charles Dickens has returned from Italy. It is itnored lha' he will immediately bring out "Letters om Italy." There are also rumors of a new work om his pen?a monthly issue, like "Pickwick," in hich the chief story will be that of two English imiliea who travel on the continent. The probabilities of a war between the United tales and Mexico had caused a decline of nearly 9 or cent, in Mexican bonds. FRANCE The King ana royal family are at the Chateau 'Eu, where the Princess of' Saxe-Coburg-Gotha an been safely delivered ofa son. The declaration of war by Mexico against the United States is the great point discussed by the nris papers. La Presse regards that act as a pue le demonstration, calculates upon the support of (exico by Great Britain, and recommends that ranee observe the strictest neutrality. The other pposition prints discuss the matter much in the tme strain. The Queen' visit to Geemant?Her Majesty as at length set out upon her long projected visit to te continent. The King and Queen of the Belgians, accompanied by their royal highnesses the Iukc of Brabant and the Count of Flanders, await:1 the arrival of their august visiters in the large itting room of the station. The whole of the Belgian royal family accompaied the Queen to Verviers in the train, and then rejrned to the palace of Laken, at Brussels. The King of Prussia and a splendid staff were in Itendance at the station there, and greeted the luecn and Prince Albert with affectionate cordi'H'he royal travellers were everywhere received rith the most enthusiastic and lively demonstraons of respect and affection, and with great mtlitay pomp and display. FROM YUCATAN. Vert i.atf. and import ant prom Yucatan.? ty the brig Ilenry Leeds at this port, we have liters and papers from Merida to the 9th of Anust. The people of Yucatan evince very little ympathy in the political contests of the central overnmcnt of Mexico, and the presidential eieo* ' ion created no unusual excitement. The prospect f a war between the United States and Mexico caressed public attention; and it is worthy of note, list our fellow-citizens in that part of Mex'eo are rested with matked respect. Our correspondent i rites: "The declaration of war will be the signal for a eclaration of independence here; and, with the adrining state of Chiapas, the liberals of Tobasco, nd the presence of one smsll United States sloop of rar, the Yucalanese will set on foot a counter ware 1 favor of free government, that will sweep all be>re it, until it unites in fraternal embrace with the reat northern wave now sweeping over the plains f California and Santa Fe. "We say to the friends of liberty in the North, te heart of Yucatan is in the right place, and she as strong arms which despotism could not puralyse. ucatun loves Mexico, but she loves liberty more, he despises the base counterfeit of liberty that has egraded Mexico; she longs for the constitution of 14; but if it cannot be bad, and war must come, tien she raises her standard of independence, and rill lake her stand among the nations as 'the roublic of Yucatan.' If other Stales Join her, she rill receive them." We were not prepared for this intelligence; and rare it not for the respectability of our correspondnt, who is a most intelligent Spnnish gentleman in ne of the principal cities, we would' be inclined to withhold its publication. His language in the originl Spanish is more forcible than our translation, le has fair opportunities for ascertaining the course f public opinion, and we attach considerable imoriancc to his statements. Yucatan may yet reeneratc the whole Mexican republic.?JY. V. Sun. New Yore, Sept. 4. From Buenos Ayres, we have received, by the rig Philip Hone, Captain Mitchell, our regular lea of papers to the 2d of July. There seems, owevcr, to be but little intelligence of interest. Vhat there is, is contained in the following pararaph: They say, the 24th of June was kept as a dose olyday in Buenos Ayres. Bonfires were huilt, K.kets discharged, Ac. The British Packet says that Admiral Inglefield ad sailed for Montevideo, to hold a court-martial n two officers of the squadron. A change liai taken place in the Brazilian cabinet, Inch the Packet thinks will prove to be the foreinner of n more cordial understanding between the rgentine and Imperial governments. The mmis:ra of forei/vn affairs, of war, and of justice regnal, and their places were supplied by o'herv. Some com;>lairii had grown out of the omission f the British vessels to salute the Argentine flag ii the anniversary of the republic. It was exlained, however, by the captain. In (he mouth of March, 598 persons arrived in to; 4fi7 d?| drtcd. In April, 626 arrived, and 570 quirted. In May, 494 arrived, and 480 departed, i March GoO nvrsons arrived at Buenos Avnw. id 240 departed In April, 360 arrived, and 324 parted. In May, 653 persona arrived, and 255 ! parted. In the sittings of 7th March, the House resolved at Brigadier General Rosas should continue guvnor and captain-general of the province for tha rna (5 years) ordained by the law of 7th March, 145?approving, at the same time, the manner in hich he bad used the extraordinary powers conrred upon him. CITY HOSPITAL. Mr. John George Smith has been appointed ,br e Faculty in attendance at the City Hospital to ake collections, along with Messrs. William hompson & Son, in aid of that benevolent inatituin. >?St. Paul's Lutheran Church.?On Suniy morning next, the 7th instant, the 8acrament of e Lord's Supper will be celebrated, and Confirma>n administered, in this church. Service to commence in the morning at half-past I, and in the afternoon at 4 o'clock. Sept 5. ^Columbia Typographical Society.?A ted meeting will be held to-morrow evening, 6th itant, at the Hall of the Sons of Temperance, on street, at the usual hour. J. L. SMITH, Sis*nl ft RwnrHintr CUcMlaiv 1 ENTLEMEN'S HATS, Atrrcww 1845, r (Umry If Ca.'? patlrrn,) will lw introduced on turday, September 6, at TODD'S lahionable eatablishment, 6 door* weal of Brown'l. Sep. 'J?tf3t