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- ' ' ! ' y ' ' i' it. iiii'S-t'.- l.r. j ; .1 ,-,jr v r .) : i. r i- :,;:,...':?( i ru 1 f.t 4 1 ;' "' :i3- I tj, ir::.- 1 4-1 . : li -iii: V :i i ' )" j , j f ' , ' ! s li'i'Ti'v! ,::,Kma.-. V ! u;ii;-;i t1 ivt ,r,'m,, i' 'j , - .i Jl. til Terms:Tro Dollars Per Annam In Advance. . " TEUTH CfiCSHED TO IAETH 8SALL RISK AGAIN." A Family NewspaperIndependent on All Subjects BY G. W. BROWN & CO. LAWRENCE, KANSAS, AUGUST 20. 1859. . NUMBER 5 VOLUME 5- .EJR.AJLB V ' 1 I i TV 1 , . IT II II III V 1 1 ii1 ii hVA i ju y mjiv Jio . I 1 'Tie Gold! 'Tis Sold! IT AXES L. IOCHK. What it it worldlinc bow before; And thieves and murderers adnre. Corrupt the joani and damns the old T rTiOold! TuGold! 'Tin not for me 1 my heart detests It bsughty rule, it proud behests; It turns the warmest nature cold, Corrupting gold, corrupting gold i What is it dooms to live and die Vnblest-, tha fcarta It could not bar T Bstrtsl tU honest, tries the bold ? 'TisOoldl 'TUUold! What is it sets one friend, one brother. In dead!) strife Against another 1 The kind, warra heart turn selfi-h. cold? 'iisOold! 'TisUoldl Wh is it that doth Earth subdue. And think to conquer Heaven, too? That doth o'er all dominion, bold T 'Tie Wold 1 'lie Gold! Whs 1 1 it tempts the unguarded soul From God. and from its destined fuel? Accursed thing! still he it told, 'lis Gold! "lis Gold! Historical Sksteh of Odd Fellowship. Ertrartfrom art Address delivered at Oro vilte. Cat., Apr. Wtk, 1830, by P.O.M, S. If. Parker, Anciently the very name of our institu tion was a secret known only to the initi ated ; now wo publish books. Anciently the candidate before the smoking altar swore to keep the very existence of the society a secret ; now even the old and quaint titles of many of our officers are known to those who read the newspapers. Our Institution, from the very finst, has teen one of change, adapting itself, in many cases, to the times and the spirit ol the age in which it existed : at one time concealing itself in the most secret re cesses known to man ; again, by public displays, and with the sound of the trum pet, and by heralds at the four points of the compass, proclaiming to the world its onward and triumphant march. To-day the most successful institution of the age; a hundred years ago little better than a bacchanalian feast. To-day the truest and most progressive society of the age ; two thousand years ago, outside of relig ious faith, the only institution that ac knowledged the great principle of human brotherhood. To-day a confederation of more than three millions of our race, whose leading object is to elevate the character of man and endeavor to imbue him with a knowledge of his capability for good. An institution that has under gone so many changes as has Odd fellow ship must be one. whose history cannot fail to interest the searcher after truth and gladden tha heart of the true Odd Fellow, who peeks light in his search after that higher and holier sentiment of the hu man heart, which acts e a Cement to unite men as brethren of one common family. In an ancient ritual of our Order, which I remember to have seen many years ago, it is said "The comer-stows of Odd Pel rowship was laid by our forefather Adam." Not claiming, however, a coeval existence with man for our institution, we do claim that so long as the great principle of hu man brotherhood has operated on the hearts and lives of men. 8o lone have some of the principles of Odd Fellowship been practiced in the World. The great secret principle of mutual re lief has in all ages attracted the attention of the benevolent and humane. How beautifully is this illustrated in the teach ings of Holy Writ how brightly illumi sated in the story of the love of Jonathan and David, the foundation of one of our beautiful degrees. But, while not claim ing any great antiquity for the Order uo der its present form of eovernment. we find many of our brethren tracing it to Home in the day s of the Laasars, and claim ing that two Greek words that signify mends traveling together are the iden tical words Odd Fellows, or rather Ode Fellows ; and I do confess that in Greek they do look somewhat odd ; but it is contended that this was an organization cf Odd Fellows in the Roman army for the purpose of mutual relief in the hour of distress and adversity. In a communication made to the Grand Lodge of the United States some twenty years ago, by the Manchester Unity, it is stated that the Order was first established during the reign of Nero, the tyrannical Roman Emperor, and was a combination w protect honest citizens against his op pressive acts. This was A. D. 45. and they acted under the title of Fellow Citi sens. The title of Odd Fellows was giv en to the Order in the year 79, by Titus, who presented them with a charter en graved on gold, accompanied with a num ber of emblems, nearly all of which are worn by the officers at the present day. This Order was introduced Into Spain iD the fifth century ; in the sixth into Port ugal ; and into France and England in the twelfth. Some of these Lodges form ed themselves into a union, and a few of them remain to the present day under the Jtyle of the "Ancient Order of Odd Fel lows." The embodiment of the secret principle in still later times was manifest in tha history of the Druids, and in moat of those old secret societies many of the leading characteristics are alike ; for when they entered the portals of the Lodge, known as priest or laymen, they entered in sorrow and gloom, and ended in light and joy. The initiatory ceremonies were calculated to remiod men of their weak ness their ignorance of the punishment o guilt and the reward of virtue ; and in all, the mode of initiation waa calculated to make a lasting impression on the heart. About a century ago we find Odd Fel lows' Lodge, or, rather, Odd Fellows' Clubs, assembling in Loudon, as the old books tell us, "for mirth and harmony ;" out they were self-instituted and inde pendent bodies, having no common bond or union with each other ; and it is not yum ii that we find them organising into regular Lodges in London and Liver pool ; .nd even at this period we cannot form a very exalted opinion of their dto- Rress, if we judge of them by some of their "7-ucn, Tor instance, as a fine of one hilling for refuting to sing a song or tell - ury wneo called upon by the presid Jg officer, when the Lodge was called ? work to P8 of refreshments', (what the Bator of thuee refreshment was we are not informed) ; bat when we ? it the duty of brothers to lay aside oeir pipes during work, wo conclude the me mast have been after the in trod no tion or tobacco into England by Sir Wal twBaleigh. , The Order of Odd Fellows continued a a convivial and beneficial society for man years. In 1803 the various Lodges in Liverpool and London were united, with the addi tion of a common system of work, under the style of the Union Order ol Odd Fellows ; but they continued as as sembtuges at the tavern for minh and har mony, and were looked upon by good men a immoral in their tendencies, aud by the Government they were regarded with suspicion. Notwithstanding the bad character which tha institution then had throughout England, it continued to in crease in numbers. In the year 1809 s brother by the name of Button, from the city of Lindon, removed to Manchexter. and, by the assistance of a few others, es tablished a Lodge in that city, which tbey called Victory and, although the Order now increased rapidly.it did not get much credit for its intelligence or its sobriety ; cut among the vast number of its initiates were many men of exalted character and great intellectual attainments. Tbey be lieved, however, that in view of the great numbers belonging to it, the curiosity which it excited, its odd name, its unity of purpose, that if it was remodeled, iu jovial character changed, it might be pro ductive of much good, and would then commend itself to all good citizens. Bat this was a work of no ordinary character to perform ; one that, in those days o) general joviality, when the glass was a part of all social gatherings, it would take years to bring about. Old and time-hon ored landmarks were to be removed from Among the ancient Usages of the Order, i BetUr hours were to be kept ; the money was to be expended exclusively for char itable purposes fcr relieving the sick, j caring for the widow, and buryine the dead ; and the money-changers were to be driven from the temple of Odd Fellow ship. In consequence of this state of things, two parties sprang up in the Lodge those that were for adhering to ancient usage on one side, and the reform or pro-1 gress party on the other. These differ ences, in 1812, ripened into open warfare. the ancient-usage party being the strong er, the other seceded, assembled in grand convention, and, early in 1813, declared themselves wholly independent of the Union Order: and from this beginning originated the Independent Order which we have the honor of addressing on this occasion. Ultimately assuming its lust position as a humane and benevolent in stitution, progressive in its character, so rapid was the increase of members that it soon outnumbered the Union Order, and it became necessary to adopt some uniform system of work. Hut no perma nent form of work seems to have been adopted until January 21st, 1814, when a Grand Committee, as it was styled, as sembled for the purpose of adopting a form of government for the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, or, as tbey express ed it, of constituting the Lodges into one family, under the jurisdiction of a com mon head. The result of their delibera tions was the formation of a District as the head of the Independent Order, which continues as such to this day. James Christie was chosen Grand Master, and it was made Lis duty to vUitall the Lodges in the District. In May, 1814, this quasi Grand Lodge was composed of all the of ficers, and every Past Grand was made a Grand Matter fur six months : so. that every Lodge turned out a Grand Master once in three immtbs. How so many Grand Masters could officiate in so short a time we are not told ; bat in October of the same year we find mention of the Grand Lodge for the first time. At this session nearly all the Lodges in England were represented! a uniform system of secret work was established : a general constitution was adopted : and the Order received an impetus which has kept it progressing till this hour. In 1825 there were bat three degrees in the Order the First, the color of which is white ; the Second, the color of which. in the old books, is described to be sky blue : but this year the Patriarchal De gree was added, the color of which was gold ; and in this year took place the union of all the Orders of Odd Fellows in England, under the Manchester Unity as their head, and this act was solemnly au thenticated by an interchange of signa tures by all the Deputies assembled in Grand Committee, with other appropriate ceremonies. In 1826 the Degrees of the Covenant and Remembrance, which had been com posed in the United States, were formally adopted and incorporated in the work of the Order. Tbey were conferred by the great father and founder or Udd r ellow- ship in the United States, Thomas Wildey, 1 . r. . i r .l. " I T J I me urauci iuasier oi sue xrauu uuugs ui the United States, who was then visiting England for the purpose of bringing about uniformity in the work of Odd fellow ship. He was received with the highest honors of the Order in .England. At tnis session of the Grand Annual Movable Committee four hundred Lodges were represented ; the price of admission was fixed atone pound one shilling ; bat none were admitted over forty-live years or age. It waa also enacted that any Lodge which should initiate a candidate on the Sabbath day should be fined five guineas ; and thus disappeared the last objectionable feature connected with Ledge-meetings. For ten years from this time the Inde pendent Order continued to nourish and increase without any apparent cessation ; but in loJb certain unworthy men, who had been expelled from the Lodges for conduct nn worthy of Odd Fellows, brought suits against the principal officers of the Lodges for the amount tbey bad paia in for initiation, dues, degrees, etc. The in ferior courts decided these cases against the Lodge. A meeting of the Grand Committee was called, and it was decided to carry these sail to the highest court in the kingdom ; for it was seen at once that if this doctrine was to obtain, there was an end to Odd Fellowship. Bat in the higher courts superior wisdom prevailed the decisions of the inferior courts were reversed, and OJd Fellowship went on its way rejoicing. Nothing in the previous history of Odd Fellowship had been so alarming as these vexatious lawsuit, and there was great rejoicing throughout the Order at their successful termination. From that hoar up to the present time tha march of Odd Fellowship in the Brit ish Empire has been on of nnparalleled success. ' : ' ' " ,. The number of Lodges in Great Britain at a late annnal return, was 5,872, com posed of over two millions of souls ; its annnal income more man ouu,u tha value of IU property 1 80,000,000. AmoDs? it members era 180 members of Parliament, 1,280 ministers of religion of various denominations, and 12 000 hon orary members, who make no elaim on its fnnds. The truth is, that in England Odd Fellowship has not only attracted the attention of the benevolent, but of the mere political economist. It is doing work for them which all the laws on the Htatute-book had failed lo perform ; cor recting evils that were only aggravated by legislation ; making labor provide iu the honr of sunshine for the storm ; pro viding for the poor a bank on which they could draw in the hoar of sickness and adversity; preserving the business man and the laborer from those miseries inci dent to the fluctuations of business. It places man in a position where it is for his interest lo be virtuous. In England the purely benevolent ob jects of the institution sre so well under stood that even fanaticism cannot create a bugbear oat of its secrets ; and in the same districts where members of Trades Unions have been sentenced to transport ation for life, in a country where Orange Lodges have been suppressed by law, and where the ancient and honorable frater nity of Free Masons has been regarded with suspicion, the very legislators of the land have been found encouraging the formation of Odd Fellows' Lodges as the best remedy for its worst social evils, and ministers of religion by thousands advo cating them as useful auxiliaries in the caase of true religion ; for such is its ten dency wherever it has been established for any length of time. Let us now tarn from the old world to the new to oar own country, where the institution of Odd Fellowship has also bold upon the atlections or a large por tion of the people, and where it is becom ing better and better understood in its progressi ve character, .barly iu the ba ginning of the present centurythe Old, or Union Order of O ld Fellows waa form ed in the cities of New York and Balti more. The first of these, of which I have any very definite account, was Shakspeare Lodge, organized in New York in 1806. It was organized in the old Shakspeare tavern, 155 Fulton street, by fire brothers from England, and was continued for six ears, when it suspended operations. It was re-organized in 1818, and Continued till 1822, when it went out of existence. Some of our Connecticut brethren tell us that there was a Lodge in Hartford as nrly as 1798 : and Boston, New York, Baltimore, and Charleston (South Caroli na), all claim that Lodges were first form ed in their respective cities; and I have met brothers who have said that they were initiated in New York as early as 1802. A New York paper called the Columbian, published in New York in 1.8l3, has the following notice: "Odd allows, yon sre requested to meet' at your Lodge-room on Tuesday night, the 21st insr,, without fail, at Past Noble Grand Moore's, at 7 o'clock precisely, for the election of officers. Stranger OJd Fellows are invited to attend." We do not know even the name of this Lodge, but have no doubt that it was either of the Union or the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, this being about the time of the formation of the Independent Order la Jbngland. We might trace the exist ence of many of these earlier Lodges in the United States ; but it is unnecessary lor our purpose, and would require the examination of more documents than we can readily find in California. But, un questionably, the first Lodge formed in the United states, which had a continued eXiatAnr.A. Waa Waabfntnn finrloA No 1 at the City of Baltimore, in 1819. Thom as VY ildey, by public notice, invited the co-operation - of all Odd Fellows who might be in the city, to aid him in form ing a Lodge. This Call was responded to, and on the 6th day of April, 1819, (forty Vears aero to-davl. this nucleus of Udd f ellowship came into being; and its rather and founder, Thomas Wildey, still lives, in a green and hardy old age, to see his children counted by Hundreds of thou sands, and scattered all over this vast Western World. No merely mortal man of the present age has lived to see so great results of bis own labors. As long as the world recognizes the great principles of friendship, Love and Truth, so long will the name of Thomas Wildey be number ed With the great benefactors of his race. But to return. Washington Lodge re ceived two charters from the authorities in England, and they had the power of brand Lodge and granted charters to oth er Lodges ; but in February, 1821, Bhe granted ber Grand Lodge powers to the fast urands, and they formed the Urand Lodge of Maryland, and Thomas Wildey was elected Grand Master; and here commences the relation of Grand and Subordinate Lodges a new and progres sive form of government, and one better adapted to oar own republican institutions thau that adopted by our English breth nn. In 1822 the Grand Lodge of Mary land ' ascertained that self-instituted Lodges existed in New York, Pennsylva nia and Massachusetts, and Grand Mas ter Wildey set out by stage-coach to vis it those places, and to endeavor to bring all into one fold.' The result of bis mis ion brought the whole Order into one family, and the Grand Lodge of Maryland and of the United States (as it was then railed) issued charters for the Grand Lodge of riew York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts, and three bright links were added to the chain of Odd Fellowship. In 1824 Maryland yielded up ber right as Grand Lodge of the United States to the representatives from all the States and thorn was constituted the Grand Lodgi of the Ubited States, which has ever since been the Soprerne Tribunal of Odd Fel lowship in North and South America, in eluding the Islands of the f acinc Ocean In 1826 the Patriarchal Degree was re ceived from Eogland ; bat its honors were, at that time, only conferred . in Grand Lodge. In 1827 the Order was es tablished in the District of Columbia, and met with great success. In 1828 the En campment of Patriarchs was first insti tuted, by transferring the Patriarchal De grees from Grand Lodges; thus making the Patriarchal Order attainable to all worthy Odd Fellows. The establishment of the Patriarchal Order gave fresh im pulses to Odd Fellowship, and in most parts of the country it greatly increased in numbers and usefulness. In 1831 , New Jersey, Delaware and Ohio, were added to the Order. , About this period many changes took place the government of Odd-Fellowship. Up to this time it bad been toe usage to vote ick benefit, without reference to - the amount, to all need v annlieanta. at tha option or caprice of the Lodge; now every brother is entitled to a fixed rate of weekly beaafits when he is sick or in distress, and at his death the fanily receive a stipu-1 tatea sum. l nere is, also, a dinereiice in the mode of acquiring funds. Then, each brother paid a sixpense, or other small sum, every time ha entered the Lodge; snd the formidable wooden broad ax hicb we even now see about many Lodge I rooms, was used as a sort of contribution-1 box to collect these moners; for all, in those days, whether they belonged to the Lodge ur were visitors, contributed the;r mite to the treasury; and when the wants of a distressed brother were more than I the Lodge could well afford, word was sent to tne older Lodges in the neighbor- hood; and it was not unusual for Lodges I a body to visit the Lodge calling fori rolief each member making hi contri- bution; and, some times, hundreds would go purposely to give their mite to the treasury, and continue to go till the ex- hausted funds were replenished. Another system prevailed, which has become obsolete. A brother was entitled vote in every Lodge he might visit, the evening's refreshment being at the ex pense of the successful candidate. - The Lodges were alwaya full in those days on election nights. However we may look- pon these customs, they were at that me unobiectionable, and cemented the Lodges in a strong fraternal frendsbip. is bardly necessary to say that it has been an imperative and positive law of I the Order for many years that no refresh- ment of any kind, except pure cold water, ( can ne allowed in any l.ortga room. ln the year 1842 our Order separated 1 entirely lrom tne Manchester Unity of Eogland. I be cause or the separation I would take much time to explain, more than the limits of the hour assigned for these exercises would justify. - Suffice it to say. that the separation has been bene- ficial to both countries, and each is su- preme in its own territorial limits. But the day is not far distant when a Grand ! Lodge, composed of all nations, will unite! the tribes, tongues and kindreds of the eann into one lamiiy m Odd-f ellowship, acting and speaking its common language, Same steps toward this end have already been taken, and wo have no doubt that before many years shall have elapsed this great work will have been accomplished, believe the day is not far distant when we shall be able to say of Odd-Fellow- b:p, in the language of the sacred poet, "See barbarous nations at thy gates attend, I Waik in thy light and m thy temple bend; kinc? While every land its joyous tribute brings." From the date we have last mentioned, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows the snowy hills of the Upper Canadas to assisted in the improvement of prison has advanced trith gigantic strides, until the green everglades of sunny Florida, discipline; contributed much towards pro it has laid its foundations broad and deep and rnmes hoomin? over land and water curing the revision of the State Statutes; in every State. District and Territory of the United States, the Canada, and the Islands of the Pacific Ocean, and is still progressing. At the late session of the Grand Lodge of the United States, thirty- lour states and .territories were repre sented. It appeared by the returns that there are 3,973 Lodges, and 612 Encamp ments, containing nearly 200,000 mem bers; that the receipts of the last year bad been nearly $2,000,000; that $800,000 had been expended in relieving 23,000 of its members in affliction; that $74,52b 66 bad been expended in the single item of burying the dead, besides a large amount I for the education of orphans. The property belonging to the Order exceeds in value $40.000.000., In many of the cities and large towns nne Uaiia nave been erected; .- . i these are added, in some instances. ibraries: and every thing, in and about Odd-Fellowship denotes life, activity, and progress. I ln an address upon the subioct of Odd-1 Fellowship, it will be expected that some-1 thing should be said of the introduction of the Order in our own golden State. An old hie of the California Star, published in San Francisco in 1847, and which may be found in the Odd Fellows' Library of that city, contains the following adver- tisement: Noticb. The friends of the L . O. of O. F. are respectfully invited to attend a meeting of the Ordef on Tuesday Svehinsr next, at the Portsmouth Hoiwe-. tsignea; aiA x kjuu t E.L,LiUWB. Ban traucisco. Oacember4. 1847. TTnnn liliopnt inniiirv a flnrt it,. there was then a regular working Lodge ous and social gatherings, in remembrance 1844, b visited Europe to examine the in San Francisco, with the books and of our Order; and while gathered in the schools there; and the resolt of bis re regalia of a lodge; but it was a self-insti. public hall, or at the festive board, let ns searches, which he published on his fetttrn, ntrl korlv wiihnnt rhMai 11. P p not foriret the afflicted on his bed of nain. have had a wide dissemination. Jones wal presiding officer, this Lodge" met in the Portsmouth House, which then stood near tha snot whe.rn tha r.lifrvrr,;. discovery of gold made chaos of all the then existing institutions of San Francis- co. The churches were left desolate, the KTchanirft nnwatanda in Mm tha town school was broken up, the printers lert lor the mines, and the little seven -by nine weekly paper went in. The Odd Fellows all left in the grand scramble for gold; but before leaving they held a meetimr and made a bonfire of all th. books and nanarsnf th Lr,Hr. tn m..'snt their falling into improper hands! The regalia was packed away, and was after- wards burn.d iu one of those destructive fires that laid waste tbe town. - Soon after, th N. a. left the country, and few, if any .( tK. .ri..l m.n,k.. 1, J. a.- vm vaw wiiaaa luvmwir, tiavu UIBUn U4U JTrancisco .their borne; and had it not n f. ,1.. .li . .. i.,s totheearlv historv of California in tha erwu IVS uo wilCbllUU VI ia,bO IU ICIssllUU (IA v.iin.nt T ;h t a.- v : these important faeu in relation to the earlv history of Odd-Fellowshin in this u k.A- j u ilv:A ' aSWaro. sw UU1U uayD UbbBBOU 1 XI IU UiLCI UU avavaa. After the diacoTery of eold. and loor k.w4 t j" : wivhi uj VUSHirjlQU AJUUiCCI WCIQ lUOtrl . . . . tuted. in the more thicklv aattlml narta nf California Odd Fellows assembled in meetings and organised themselves to take! car of tbe sick and the distressed; and I have no doubt tint in the year 1859 more than $200,000 waa expended bv tha brothers of this State in charitable deeds. beside time, which was money in those engaged in the" late incendiaries at that every nook and comer of tbe Common day. Ia Sacramento some 38 000 was nlara nr anvmtr witness have been I wealth, where, his educational labors are expended supporting the Odd Fellow' Hospital, and large amounts were spent in 8aaFrasecO,ndotherplacesintheStatei for tbe same benevolent purposes." ' In the fall of th year 1848 petition was for- warded to the Grand Lodge of the United State for the establishment of a Lodge at San r rsnewco. A dispensation was grant - ed on the 12th day of January, 1849, and tne LiOdge was instituted on tbe Vtn'or September following. - This Lodge in- creased rapidly, and it meetings were largely attended 1ry members from tbe Eastern State; and those who arrived sick and in distress from the loos; and tedious voyage : around Cape Horn, from a still more tediou voyage in tailing Teasel frens the Isthmus, were pro - vided for and taken charge ot by tais - pioneer Lodge upon the Pacific coast. -1 utner liodges soon' sprung up, end in less than four years Lodges were established in many of the principal places on this side or the mountains. In those early Hays of the existence of bur State.' OJd" Fellowship was working, and with liber- ality almost prodigal was distributing its charities upon the right hand and noon I the left, healing the sick, burying the dead, and finding emnlovment for the destitute: and. for the first three vears. so I great was tha call urxm the Lodges for I relief that the ordinary funds, though I lare. were exhausted, and constant calls were made npon the pockets of the mem-1 ber by collections and subscriDtions. alii of which were promptly responded to; and we have yet to learn of the first in- stance in which the deserving brother was sent empty away. The expenses of meeting were also so great that we wonder! how the early Lodges stood the heavy pressure upon their finances. We knowlder advantages were around him even of instances where a sum as high as $200 1 was paid for a room to meet in for a single night. Now we have between eighty and ninety Lodges, with a membershiD of 1 nearly five thousand, and every depart- merit of the Order is in a most flourish- ina state. In briefly tracing Odd-FellowBhin from its early history to the present time, it will be observed that one of its leading characteristics is that it is progressive in its nature. Fifty years ago, in some re- specie, it was little belter than a Baccha- nalian society, meeting, as I have said before, for mirth and harmony; this very objectionable feature passed away, and the Order received new life and new energy. A step more, and the Order takes care of and assists the widow of a departed brother: once more it moves, and it be- comes part of the duty of every Lodge to educate the omban. I know that it is tool much the impression, even among Old Fellows, that -ours "is a mere beneficial I society, having for its single purpose the I relief of its members in the struggles in- lenient to human life." There could hardly be a greater error than this; for it has been well said by the highest author- itv in Odd-Fellowship, that we seek to elevate and improve the character of man, to imbue him with a uroner conceotion of I his capability for good; The intellectual, as well as the outer man, should be culti vated Forty yearg. experience has demon strated the beneficial influence of Odd- Fellowship upon our race. And to-day the welkin rinsrs with rseans of iov from to the cities of our own California coast But, hark ! methtnks I hear the distant boom of cannon, or the faint notes of dis- tant loud huzzas of rejoicing, coming up to us from the cities of the p'ains below, where our brethren are gathering, as we are Fathered, to celebrate this elorious anniversary. ' Whether spiritual or real, we receive the greeting, and send it north- ward and onward, through the gorges of the mountains, to Nevada. Shasta, and Yreka,' where our brethren are also as- sembled to celebrate this glorious day. Let them pass it to our brothers of Oregon I and Washington, and let the winds waft it to the islands where our brothers are gathered under the shade of the cocoanut tree.celebratln bv appropriate ceremonies : ' : . . o ? . . .i the Fortieth Anniversary of onr beloved I Order. To-dav we do more than celebrate I this trlorious Anniversary of American l Odd Fellowship; we assemble around our altars and consecrate the 26ih of April in all coming time, and for all future gene- rations, aa a dav ever to be remembered and celebrated but without intemneranre or excess by everv OJd Fellow the world over. To-dav we add another holiday to the Calendar of the Saints; another Fourth of July, to be ever remembered by all who have embraced our glorious principles. This is well. All the other workina-davs of the live long year we I devote oar time to labor, and to perform- in Mans- nf tha aarirtri ditties terttlired bylhe laws of OJd-Fellowship. Lt us, then, one day iu the three hundred and Uirtv - fivo with our wives and children aval nd onr cousins: too devote to iov- the widow; or the orphan; but on this day let the choicest vianda from the table, the kindest svmoathies of our hearts, auietlv and nnseen. nnd tneir wy to tnem: and. so far aa is consistent with propriety, on this day let the habiliments of sorrow be changed for joy, and let all the people rejoice and be glad ! Pope's .Artesian Expedition, Capt. Pope, of the Topographical Engi neers, in charge of the Artesian Well Ex- pedition arrived it thia city on Wednes- da-V wl,.n P Prt7 thirty-five "? and lT,ua vf fiiten wonl He has been, wpri r i6,"11" 0CCUPlt,.on ?f Dorio ho., on the LUb? IU,Ucflol " th 4eareh 1 of W4ta; H UIW norse on me , soumern iwiiiroaa nouie. ine project ns oeen I - . a . -" . a. . . I nvriwal IfntivarWIMhlal nAtaTlthirenHinAT ftiaa r'"' uu.ii"i, iA i I morougn explorations oi vapv rope, one I . v. " a j w m0M energetic ana observing oi 1 officers. He speaks of a Railroad from this city New Mlco. ?ne V 169 m08t Pr- I ticable projects of tbe times, and as one I . . . I tbat will par better tnan any line of road I ' ' .. .1 . H . . 1 . P.owflQ jperauon m vdB rami , I impio .act ma- 1. wouiu do vuo uuit I XT n .1 thnmnfthrAM f an Afnnira At ir)svt rTt'u I W"J j9Urnal V Commerce. Bmal Assaalt I - We learn from a private source that a I Vigilance Committee has been in session I at Mnnnrl Citv for a week or so. andeav- I nrine- tn ferret one tha nerann ow persons examined, and the testimony . deduced I goes to fasten the guilt, or suspicion, upon a notorious character by the, name of John W. Duncan. On Sunday last, while a Mr. Williams, a brother of Judge Wil. liama, who had been an active witness against the accused, was riding .toward 1 Mound City. Daocaa rode nn behind and I dealt him a heavy Mow on tbe bead with a heavy hickory dab, which relied bim from hi horse, ensuing a fracture of the tksJL - Duncan immediately made hi escape, bat ws arrested a short distance above tbi place, and was conveyed back to Mound City, and placed in the bands or I of 8henff Crow, .who nromotlv. lodged a him in the j til of our county, there 1 await lee co-ndsmnatioB of hi two-fold '. crime, lb' Uttv Monitor. Death, of Horace Maan, Thav mutt: hA ftw in Masaachnsetta who will not be saddened by the tele graphic annonncement in another column that Horace Mann died at Yellow Springs, Ohio, on Tuesday afternoon. Though his health bad not been good for many years. owing to oyer-exertioa in his public labors during his residence here, yet we were not aware o.f any special attack of sickness which would endanger his life a life of so much general usefulness and, seemingly to mortal ayes, well nigh indispensable to the important institution to which he has lately given all bis energies. ' Horace Mann was born at Franklin, Norfolk county, m this State, in May. 1796 and was, therefore, at the time of his death, in the 64th year of his age. His father died early, leaving but little to his family besides a worthy example. But this was enough lor a mina so Keen and indomitable as that, of Horace. Slen the district school was but the germ of what Ins tabors have now made it lor our children but he laid hold of every op- oortunity within his reach with all his might. . Exhausting the instruction ob- tainable at borne, he determined to go to college, although the way was In Inverse proportion to the clearness or tne win. But by the aid or an itinerant scnooimas- ter he was soon fitted for the Sophomore class in Brown University, which he entered in his twentieth year. His college life manifested the same oaalitiea which afterwards became known and read of all men. After graduating in 1819, he' devoted f himself to the study of law, but was soon appointed tutor of Latin and Greek lo the college. His legal education was carried on at Litchfield. Coon., and at Dedbam. He - established himself as a lawyer at Dedham. in 1826. and had soon an exten sive practice Id the county of Norfolk. At this early period he interested himself in the cause of. temperance and ot tpaDiic education, being tnou one oi too pioneers of these reforms. ' ' " , In 1827 he was elected to tne noose ot Representatives of Massachusetts. In 1834 he removed to Boston much of bis legal practice followed bim. That year he was elected to the senate ol Massachusetts, one of the members from the coanty of Suffolk. In 1837 he was chosen Presi. dent of the Senste. His legislative career was highly honorable to himself, and per manently useful to the Slate. He advo cated the abolition of imprisonment for debt; labored to ameliorate the penal law; and by his earnest efforts In behalf of the insane, did more tnan almost any omer man in the establishment of the Hospital at Worcester. While President of the Senate, he con tributed materially towards the founding of the Board of Education, of which, in order to iusure its practical efficacy, he became tne arse secretary,. . umng up a lucrative ' practice, he was elected to this most laborious post in 1837," which he held till 1849. In this office he won that just fame which: will keep his memory bright so long as the cause of education shall De dear to Massachusetts. At that time the very foundation of what now constitutes the varied and not sumcientiy appreciated methods of -oar educational system, as ....... , i ?j connected witn tne coara, were to oe taia Normal schools were to be founded; im proved school-houses were to be built; teachers' conventions were to be held; lectures to be delivered; reports to be pre- pared and published. Mr. Mann's twelve volumes of Common School Reports sho I how faithfully this work was dose. But I the three Normal schools of the State, the new school bouses all over tne wmmon I wealth, the district school libraries, the improved character of the schools, of the books, the teachers, and the scholars, all show with what fidelity and what wisdom he labored. Owing to the inadequacy of the funds annulled bv the State, he sold his own library to help build a Normal school wbicn outlay coming, some years auer, to the knowledge of the ' Legislature, was iustly repaid. At his own expense, in fter the death of John Quincy Adams in 184B, Mr. Manp was elected to nil tne vacant place In GongreSs. fie was twice re-eiecieu. vsue, at iea?i, ui in ui paigns resulting in his election, will long be remembered for the sharpness of the contest. Some of his speeches in Con- gress were characterized by great ability, particularly those on tbe question of slavery, snd by a pnngent rhetoric, which gave them a wide circulation at tne norm. t0 & the problem of legislation. He ever applied a stern nut numane mo Mr, Mann left Massachusetts about ail year8 tg0 to assume the 'Presidency of Antiocn UoIlegs.Ubio, an insjtltauon wnich was deignd to lead the Way in affording a higher grade of education to the West. in mis position ne uas laoorea . iuuein gably. and with a good measure of success. We sincerely trust that nts vacant place will be made good. In his essential features Mr. Mann was a characteristic offshoot from the old Pu ritan stock keen-witted, intrepid, in domitable, philanthropic, whole-souled. His resolution in pushing forward to his object, and bis command of trenchant language did not, at times, lessen tne number of antagonists which his decided course was calculated to evokej bat the noblenes of bis aims and his generous self-denial in their prosecution, have, we believe, long since changed opposition into respect, if not into admiration. Mr. Mann wrote much and always weiL lie labored i bard through life, and hi pralte in blessing generations' as they arise; His example is a treasure to American youth. Loo may it fault it fruwtai muswa. BotUm Journal, t f TtesM Ui Benrbon OVaoTf . Tww rsf-Rawkss ,., i .. .... lav lassM. ; , (, ... 'From a gentleman living' near Fort I Scott, we learn that a couple of the noto- I rioaa- Jay-Hawker of Southern Kansas were taken in custody, twelve mile tbi tide of Fort Scott, on Friday last, by some parties from whom it was alleged they had stolen horse, and that an armed posse numbering near five : handred; had collected and sworn to reacn the .Jay I Hawkers, at the peril of their lives. . to I At the time bur informant left, all was I confusion, and a desperate encounter was 1 anticipated. Journal of Lotamerc. Oh pur oa Evergreen. Summer Planting. . . ; , Dr. J. A. Kennicott, known to all hor ticultural reader as tbe "Old Doctor," furnishes- tbe Prairit Fanner, with the following chapter on evergreens;,. , . : "Our people of the prairie are begin ning to show their good taste, by planting evergreen trees, and their good sense by selecting living specimens from the nur sery, inatead of dead ones on . the street or from pedlar's wsgons, ; Of the former, nearly all grow right along, when small, aod when well dug and properly handled do well enough when quite large; while, on the contrary, even if alive, the large specimens hawked about are often lean and nakedrand seldom give much satis faction without more skillful treatment, for several years, than such trees are apt to receive at the hands of any but well informed amateurs or professional nursery men. . I have oocaaioually seen remarka bly fine specimens of our white pine, of Urge size, that had been taken directly from open woods' borders ; but, as a role, small trees only should be sought, in their native habitat. . And then, it must be confessed that some foreign species arc superior to . similar natives, for prairie plantations. Of these, the Norway spruce and Austrian pine, for all soils, and the Scotch pine for all bat the most sandy, may be set down as cheap, perfectly har dy unaltered by the severest weather of good and improving form, and well calculated to give abundant and ever in creasing satisfaction. Of our natives, the Hemlock when perfect in form and feathering is pre-eminently beautiful, and the most graceful of evergreens. There is no hardy species to com pare with I it. Even as far south as vvasDiPgion, where the Deodar barely survives, 1 saw large Hemlocks, in the Smithsonian rounds, that had not suffered a tenth u ltU0.lt l- vw vueawvw II part aa much from tne extreme near, at fu. TA f,nJ rMM tha. frmta nf win fur- I and a burning sun seems to be the only tun iouusiia uau hviu , ' , serious hindrance to the free introduction of this most desirable tree, in the praltie region of Illinois. During tbe last month of June, it is true, the new growth on our Hemlock was badlv scorched by frost : i.1 n were manv or the leading snoots, . .. - . - l and much tender side growth of tbe very hardy Norway spruce which never turns a feather, from either heat or cold, after the new wood gets a little matured, ror general planting, I consider our while pine (Pinus strobus) the most available native j it . h..k tl. UUl always must be the white pine will keep its base on the earth, and grow up a dense I pyramid : a little stiff and formal, it is true, but only second to the hemlock in lightness and beauty ; and incomparably preferable to that most fashionable of all natives, the Balsam Fir, which shows old ace at twenty, and is a dingy, decaying eye-sore at forty ; tnougn use some omer fashionable Americana I could name, so very lovely in its growing youth. And our red cedars Juniperus Virginiana is in the same category; and a little too tender, far north, and too stiff, in outline, everywhere. "the American Spruces are neat and hardy pyramidal tree, of rather slow growth, however, to suit our American notions, and yet touch preferable to the more rapid growing Balsams. t ''Closely cut back, while young, so as to secure density of foliage and proper form, tbe American Arbor Vitro makes a form, me Amennu atw nj uiisn desirable treej but its proper place is in the belt, or continuous T screen where it n y. ...it bent in .harm, within nroner can be easily kept in shape, within proper bounds. It is tbe cheapest of all ever ever- greens, iuouru it uoea uu routiu iio cuiur i fn winter, like the more expensive foreign .r. r. j -.4.:- i.- sort, known as Siberian Arbor Vitro. "But I believe summer planting was to form a part of this chapter. 1 beory and occasional practice have long been ad duced in favor of removing evergreens in summer : but without making tbe prac tice anything like so general, as, perhaps, it till last August, when taking advantage of a rainy day. when hay-making was impended, we set all hands at wont dig ging and resetting some extra large scotcn nines and .Norway spruces none . o: which failed and at this writing all have wnirn lai sn snn aim wr liuv an uave j i. J . ....r.t. ,fh .?.. ..,., made a better season's growth than I ever saw, tbe first year, on tree of tne same ize, transplanted in spring. The theory of summer planting is based, is part, on tbe sound principle that it is always best, for tbe tree, to trans plant when tbe earth Is warm, and vege tation active ; provided yon can, witnout too much mutilation, bring transpiration down td the point of eupiMU, bv the roots, so recently suffering a violent removal to new earth, and very often an actual loss in volume. "Now, in growing deciduous trees, this i effected by 'cutting in' the top, or re- moving a with hereou. V" "7 8" h S2T" 3 WUh "VEZTJZZ cannot be done, and o, w seek a time, early enough ra the season, to enable tnej roots to fepa f dsmsge. before winter- but so late, that tne .pecie na Jtmsneai Us season growth, and i. In a .tat of nUiDei tMt individasli conipwativ rest. And from the middle apparently cowirtlng of bun- of Aogurt to tne tdiddie of Bepiemoer, these conditions obtain, with most, if not all of our evergreens and both theory snd fact point to that a the second, if not I tbe first best time to transplant them. All I that I fear U. the gfeater risk of trarw- vortation then : though the best Conceded time well into the montn oi Jiay 1 often open to the same objection, and we I bav heard of the heating' of several boxes oi evergreen n iron onr nnr- erj in the early part .of last May. ut ukAM 1 1, -.1 inn i . -.1, ft..', niSU wuc, u, v - j - lance from the nursery, proper packing, in reference to this danger, will entirely obviate it and .electing a cool time. auu pacsiug me tupa muj sum yov. enable us to send trees hundreds of miles, , ..... v tainly considerable gam, in summer plant- ing, over that of spring, In. the case of evergreen oi largo size, si leati, ana American society.' I adVOCate, hope to see the practice a common one." ioieeit ,;, sentiment pt aspiration, but it r . t ' : i 4 . j. Miration following iu purpose witlvthe ': (7 The State Board of Equalization of constancy of Christian rectitude, and with, Indiana,, having concluded . its labors, re- th onit, manly perseverance. Henry port result as follows : The whole oum- '- - ' 1 ' 3 ber" of acres in the State is 22,125,124; - ....... , ,. i . , , . vslue or lands and improvement $30L- 1 GST A. physicum la Louisville ha duv 854 000. Increase iu value of real estate covered that by living pnncipslly on pas in eight yean, trifl over 100 pr cent; terrailk. a human being y prolong ex increase since 1838, 70 per cent The as- tnc to the period of two essment of personal properly will amount year.-This m.y b eooldrsd a uptt to about $l,orj0,000rwhich, -with the of the animal over the vegetable syrtsm, railroad, added to' the; real - will a. buttermilk te clearly l,, make the total taxable about $470,000,- But has the experiment been tried, r e, 000.. The total number of polls will he ' '"',n" . . "Bbln' about 200.000. Thi. asseasment will pro- ' fcr Smell eandmake the dace eboat $100,040,000 of 8ttt t momenu mak lho yea w "" $470,009gfKhooltX- Ufv y'V''.,.,'lo'T,,rt,;., Every cadet's room is subject to inspef tton' every five' minutes. It must never be left without, everything being pofto right" table set hack, books in their proper places on it, wash bowl wrong side HP, &&, &C A cadeV was reported, not long since, "for not having his wash-bowl wrong side np, and for having "water standing in it."-., This was for two marks. All are allowed to make an excuse before the mark is set against them, and he asked to be excused for the "water standing in it," as he was marked for its not being op side down; had it boeu, the water would not have been in it . In one of the recitation rooms of the Academic hall is a plan of the fortifications surrounding a besieged city. It is about ten feet square, and is a beautiful piece of workmanship. It is constructed of the materials which are used, such as twigs, brick, stone, and earth, and was made in France. In the distance stand the city, the houses with their roofs, and upper stories knocked off, presenting some such appearance as we might expect to find on entering Sebastopol after It bombardment, nn a small scale, the buildings being about fire inches high. Ol the parapet which surround the city conld be seen portions of it knocked away, and disabled guns which would probably weigh a quarter of ounce each, lyiner in scattered ruins. Th fortifications which the besieger had eiectsd wore also considerably injured, and the whole was a perfect representa tion of the best manner in which to erect fortifications for defense and attack. It originally had on it all the soldier man ning the miniature "siege guns," standing guard, cooking their meals, oto., but tbo visitors commenced capturing those near est the front and placing them in their lioakets. notil the besieged (which they " , . . wum i:u rcvuj w v-mw besiczoitt. that it WAS Dot ft 200(2 eXttDDla of a soldier's courage, and they were an ? v - , removed. .,, , Uv In the Musenm is a case filled wita targets, which prove the superiority of the Minie rifle. I aw one with a bull eye" as large as a stiver dollar and a ring arouna it aooui lour iucum iu i . . r i 1 diameter. Inside the ring were ten bullet holes, the effect of ten successive shot at a distance of four hundred yards, six of which were in tbe bull's eye. lo iook at mis woum cause any but an officer in tbeN. Y. S. M. to hesitate to obey marching orders where he expected to find five hundred of tnese terrible weapons in the hands of the ene- my, Properties of Dev. The chief facts to be accounted for are these : L Dew (as distinguished from small rain or the moisture produced by visible fog) is never deposited except on a place colder than the air, 2. It is nev er deposited in cloudy, weather; and so strict is its connection with a clear sky, that its deposition is immediately sus pended whenever any constneranie cioua passes the zenith or tne piece oi oDserra- tion. 3. It is never copioasly deposited i a place ? clear view of the sky. even if the screen be of a very thin material, such as mot Tin or paper suspended over it. 4. It is meet copiously deposited on all sucn oooiea as are good radiant and bad conductors of heat, such as grass, paper, glass, wool, dec.. but little or not at a:l on bad raaiauu, , , , , , - ""h" P"'' TV.jS ii conductor. And, Jastly it ;fa never deposited if there . b much , wind. All these circumstance, aa Dr. Wells has "TT 7....J. i t. r. a nown. noini lo me bkbuo ui. uvm hwm - - , , "i:. - hedie po,e I by "d.ahoti o 0l0 space, or into the upper ot colder region of the air, faster than it can be restored by counter-radiation or by conduction from contact with the warm air or with solid substances wind acting in this re spect with great efficacy, hy continually renewius tbe air in oooiact. now irost the moment of deposition, and therefore secreting in erystaiize tniculsj. K-yrJo pedia Britamica. : t Te Farmers. Preserve the Quail. A correspondent of the Rural Centralis ... . . . v Press savs, that about tne nrst or jnne w inu,matmt obaerv- last, Wm. Norton, aa intelligent, observ ing farmer boy, near Tamaroa, observed the quails (commonly called "partridges," in Egypt) vrry busy among his young corn. lie observed a small flock com mencing at on side of tbe field, taking about five rows, following them regularly through the field, sTstching and picking; about everv hill till tbey cam to tbe oth er side of the field J then taking another five rows on their return, and thus contin uing till he thought tbey . were certainly pulling up the corn. He (hot one and then proceeded 'to examine ' tbe ' corn ,, th, ,httbey Ltd been over he found but one sulk of uibed 5 "t w termed nearly mBA. bnt the kernel wa still hed - h tUlk ; Jn tD6 ef th . - f , 0M cnt worm, twee ty-on ,in, Kn nrnM haodrad chinch. of cnincnlagt; bat 00t one kernel ,. Theouail have been deereaslnjr la number in was vicinity - tor anon sis year past, and tbe chinch bug increasing. It is believed Uat tnese tacts svtna in ma relation of cause and effect to each other. , Tbe Aaserlcaa. ' The American accepts any work for 0 fa. if u H- ioM cheerfully; doe tt-mMflIii. but if It is at tbe bidding of Mother, he doe not Intend I " ' . ' - ffflL.. i to do it alwaya, or to oo it song. ias !,.., intend to be an employer. Tbe American clerk ha it in . . - e J at, la tawfTI Kssn hu iind that in good time he will be cttftltttX Any man WnO 1 Saiuueo hpipetaal dependence, any man who T01(j or aspiration, ana .lucapaum ,fforf j, not in harmony with tha spirit of Am-erictn toi whb the genius of 4 i f: If II'.