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SACRAMENTO DAILY RECORD-UNION.
DULY ITNIO* SERIR4-VOI.. *ClI"f-JH>. Ull.
DAILY RECORD SERIES- VOL. XVI— XO, *«9.
QUADRUPLE SHEET.
ANNUAL REVIEW.
The Trade of Sacramento
for the Year 1879.
ill' '" —
M^W^^mS^B^^^- :JJJf'r'r-r- - v-,- , ; r ,
It Exceeds that of 1878 Gvir One
anil a Half Million Mars. %
THE IM?OETA?IC t ', MS G2OWIH
OF THIS LADE CLNTEE.
The Volums of Biisineaii^r'l Ag
gregates $29,273,800,
Exclusive of Banking, Insurance, Real
Estate and Many Other Transactions.
LOOKING FORWARD TO I*B > WITH
«tt__»Wn«S ASTICirATIOSS.
-a
' - ••-'*;;-•'■
The Record-Union again presents its re
view of the commerce and trade of Sacra
mento, on this occasion embracing the period
covered by the year 1879. Not until Janu
ary 1, 1876, was any accurate commercial re
view made, with statements of fact setting
forth the amount of business done and the
volume ' of the trade of the city with
various sections of the State, and tlii< first
effort was due to this journal.
KOR THE TEAR 1877
All the business houses of the city were vis
ited, and statements concerning the volume
of business, its area, the condition of trade,
the outlook for the future, the influence of
the Sacramento market abroad, etc., were
cordially given to the Record-Union. The
result of the aggregation of these statements
was a showing to the effect that the trade of
the city in the year 1877 amounted to nearly
825,500,000, exclusive of purely money
transactions through banks, insurance and j
real estate agencies and the merely local re
tail business. The showing for 1873, gath- J
ered in the same manner, made an exhibit in
excess of $27,000,000, to which, if there had
been added financial investments of outside
capital, the record of transactions for that
year would have reached nearly $32,000,000.
Coming now to
the review kor 1879,
It is shown that, notwithstanding a period of
depression extending over fully one-half of
die year, the trade of the city has exceeded j
any previous year, and it is fair to conclude I
that had it not been for the phenomenal polit
ical agitation and a want of confidence en
gendered thereby,' and the distrust in regard
to the value of property and its security,
the year would have shown an increase
of fully twenty-five per cent, in the volume
of trade of the city. - With the approach of
1880 and the change from a dull to an active
period, there is a feeling among the business
men of this community in regard to the out
look for 18S0 not only hopeful, but sanguine,
and a belief that the year will be amis. -
THE MOST SUCCESSFUL SEASON J£_£^
Sacramento has ever known. The bountiful
early rains have mellowed and prepared the
earth for extensive seeding, and a larger acre
age of all kinds of grain is being put in
throughout the State than has ever before
been done, and there is scarcely room for
doubt that the winter will afford sufficient
additional rain to insure the maturity of
crops, which in extent have never here been
known. The past season, despite its inau
spicious character, afforded the husbandmen
fair REMUNERATION
For earth products, and they have been ena
bled to largely square themselves with the
world and take a fresh start in business life.
The mining interests have revived, legitimate
industries have awakened, business has been
stimulated anew, and prices of most raw ma
terials have greatly advanced (a sure indica
tion of returning prosperity), and with these
the prospects nf the Sacramento market for
1880 are the brightest it has ever known in
the annals of its trade history.
It is to be noted, too, that there is a growing
disposition among the importing wholesale
houses to refuse credit to those who, during
the period of depression, forced compromises
with their crediters, oi who have by frequent
failures injured the entire business commu
nity. Indeed, the trade of Sacramento in all
its broad area, while having extended largely
and increased in volume in 1879, has been
placed upon a
• - rIRMER basis -
Than ever before, and has less of the pre
carious credit element in it than the most
sanguine ' exponents of the cash system
could have expected. * The dishonest and
unscrupulous have been put down with
.a strong hand, while the honest and
deserving have been aided and encouraged,
thereby making for the trade of tht city
friends among that class of people whose
patronage is most to be desired. It is also
to be observed that there is everywhere ap
parent a better understanding between the
several leading interests of the State, and a
'far better feeling and more cordial relation
' ship among the business men of Sacramento.
LThe several business centers of ' the State
"have been brought into sharp competition,
' but this has resulted only in showing the ad
vantages of this city in a clearer light than
ever before. -"A.-1- 1 ■■"-..'
THESE ADVANTAGES ,
Have been so frequently illustrated, and elab
orated at such length through the columns of
this paper, that nothing more than, mere ref
erence to them is now deemed necessary.
The Sacramento valley possesses the chief
element of prosperity so ' essential to com
munity advancement ■in California — the
reasonable assurance of sufficient rainfall to
guarantee reagular crops each season. In our
vicinity there is a broad agricultural area,
vast in extent, and rich in # fertility, which,
with almost unerring certainty receives the
necessary annual rams. Ibis is a phvai
< cal fact whioh promises to the seetiim m due
time a dense population, and gives reason for
the belief, that this valley and the adjacent
foothill region will constitute the populous
center of the State.-. But there are
V.l LOCAL REASONS Vj-t-',;-;
Also why Sacramento as a trade center is
particularly advantageous to all purchasers in
the interior. The city is centrally locate*..
"From it radiate railway lines, east, north,
west and * south.' It *is twenty-four
' miles hearer . to the : city of Los Angeles
than the metropolis of the State. ■ It is one
hundred miles nearer to nearly all northern
and central California by rail than San * ran
cisco, and it is the only chief market at the
foot of , the Sierra ; Nevada range and the
most accessible and economical for the traps
montane trade. This .centrality •of location
insures rapidity of movement in the handling
of goods. Our merchants not only receive
these goods which come across ths continent
earlier than the coast markets, but, in nearly
all cases, till orders for the trade
■■ THE SAME DAT
On which received, and save to the purchas
ers from two to three days at time in trans
portation and a material item of ex
pense in the way., of freight. More
than . this, ", the Sacramento merchant
conducts /Ms i. business at less expense
and has l«i?c^fix<d capital. He is not re
quired tolqckupa vast amount of money in the
ownership of real estate or for its rental, that
must find its compensation in the income
of the business, and consequently result in in
creased charges to the consumer. The Sac
ramento merchant accords to Mi customers a
rate level with that of his strongest competi
tors, an.l in a great many instances, a J lower
rate. The local situation gives to the whole
sale dealer of Sacramento all the advantages
which his business rivals of the metropolis
claim by reason of the large amount of capi
tal there invested, and the great volume of
business there transacted.
The commercial base of supplies for any
region is always
THE NEAREST ASD CHEAPEST
Point, and as it has already been shown that
Sacramento, to a vast and important region,
is the nearest point, and that goods can be
sold at a desirable rate, it follows that the
claim made for the city is a sound one. That
market is also best advantaged which not
only sella but buys ; which takes the product
of the buyer as well as furnishes him his sup
plies, and Sacramento extends this advan- i
tage to the trade. It buys grain of all
kinds, wood, wool, hops, ; hides, fruit in vast
quantity and all the products of the farm,
orchard and vineyard, and its banking house.- J
are equal to all exchange accommodations i
and other financial demands.
AXIOMS.
An artificial market cannot have any per
manence of growth ; physical facts always
determine the degrees of commercial iv- j
portance ; commerce has no higher interest j
than its own ; it builds up great trade cen
ters and points out their locations, and no
community, : however dense its population, j
can for any great length of time dictate to j
commerce the channels in which it shall
move.
Whatever importance, then, Sacramento |
has as a trade center to-day, is the result of |
natural advantages, based upon physical
facts, and affords undeniable evidence that
the city is one in the interest of trade and
responding to its demands ; that it is the
natural base of supplies for a Vast region of
country which must always look to this point
as its depot, and a market for the sale of pro
ducts. The situation of the city upon the |
great water highway of the State gives her
a share of the benefits derived from ocean
and water transportation, and enables her
merchants to receive and ship their goods
under advantages similar to State accruing I
ire of the benefits derived from ocean
water transportation, and enables her I
hants to receive and ship their goods j
r advantages similar to those accruing
to other points competitive and terminal.
THE METHODS OF BUSINESS
Have been found to be particularly advan- |
tageous for the interior, as the dealers of the I
valleys and the foothills, as well as those of I
the transmoutane regions, are enabled to keep a
their stocks constantly freshened by reason of
facility of shipment, the absence of dockage
and wharfage rates, the saving in time and I
the low rates at which small as well as large |
orders are filled. And this applies also to all
lines of manufacture. Sacramento can safely |
claim to be the most accessible market, and j
other things being equal, the most accessible
is also the most economical. Selling there- j
a the most economical. Selling there- I
fore as cheaply as any market,- and upon as |
reasonable terms, and in nearly as full va- I
riety, the advantages of this market in favor j
of the trade are fully sustained. Our mer- !
chants understand and act upon the proposi- j
tion that true commercial economy is based |
upon the right of all to sell their productions !
and commodities at the best' prices, and in re
turn to buy at 'the lowest attainable rates,
and when Sacramento caunot afford these ad
vantages she will yield her claim as a trade
ranter. The most of her merchants are in re- I
to buy at the lowest attainable rates,
vhen Sacramento cannot afford these ad
iges she will yield her claini as a trade
r. The most of her merchants aie
' DIRECT IMPORTERS. '
They are business men of long standing, and !
do a safe and thorough business. ■ They un- j
derstand the wants of the traders of the in- |
terior, the methods of their business and |
the necessities of the communities in which I
they are located. They conduct their busi- '
ness upon an economic bat-is, and the resulting
benefits are extended to their patrons. The
climatic conditions of Sacramento are such i
as to favor the storage and preservation of all j
classes of goods. Especially is this true of j
all classes of wood material. This en
ables our manufacturers to put up work i
in furniture, carriages, wagons, boxes, etc., I
which endure in any climate, and outlast
those made in a humid atmosphere. As a
lumber depot, the city enjoys the advantage
of being located near the great sugar-pine
regions, and has cheap and ample storage
grounds, while the dryness of her atmosphere j
gives all lumber stored here a perfectly
seasoned condition not possible to be attained
in the immediate coast region. In the mat- |
ter of building quartz-mills, agricultural ma- j
chinery, furniture, carriages, wagons, tubs, |
pails, wooden ware, etc., the city enjoys, be- j
sides the climatic advantages, others, such as |
the lowness of rentals, the ease with which j
goods are brought by rail or barge, the ab
sence r are brought by charges barge, the pur
of drayage charges to the pur
chaser, and the ability to store greet quanti- j
ties of goods, made up or in stock, at a
merely nominal cost. In the storage of j
liquors, wines and groceries the climatic :
reasons cited also apply.
OTHEB BEABOSS
Ims be Btated, equally forcible, but it
OTHER REASONS
it be stated, equally forcible, but it
would seem to be unnecessary, as our review |
shows that the trade facilities of the city are
now well recognized abroad, and the unani
mous statement of our merchants, manufac
turers and artisans is that trade flows here j
now as to a natural center, and more easily i
than it has ever done before ; that the neces- |
sity for solicitation has largely ceased ; that
where a few years ago the advantages of this j
market were not fully realized throughout the i
interior, they have now come to be under
stood and have resulted in the most exten
sive and rapidly increasing wholesale business
in all the various branches of trade. Indeed,
it is proper to state — Sacramento has no
concealments to make regarding her trade
that during a long period in 1879 there was a j
local depression that told on the business of j
the city in many ways, but outside demands
were so much in excess of preceding years
that the aggregate at the close shows the i
trade to have. increased. In other words, our
local business seriously declined, while our |
interior trade greatly increased ; but now the
1 ical having regained its former status, |
and it being shown that there is no less con
sumption than heretofore, but rather an in
crease (showing also an increase of population :
and industries), this increased home -market,
together with the enlarging demands from
abroad, bave advanced the volume of busi
ness to an extent not anticipated by the most
I industries), this increased home -market,
ther with the eularging demands from
ad, have advanced the volume of busi
to an extent not anticipated by the most
sanguine.
DUBINO 1819
Our figures show that more goods of ■ every
kind, except a few luxuries, were sold from
this market than in any preceding year, and
were sold in nearly all cases at a far lower
rate than ever before, and hence the volume
of business shows less in money than it would
if measured by the prices of the preceding j
year, while the volume of goods and supplies
of every character sent out exceeded that of
any year in the history of the city by fully 'JO
percent. - \.-w.'v_
IT IS SOT A MERE ASSUMPTION
To state that no other commercial community
on the coast can truthfully make as good a
showing. Failures have been almost ; un
known, and insolvency proceedings of no mo
ment. . The deposits ii} the banks have not
been withdrawn, building has been equal to
and has surpassed expectation, many , new
and beautiful homes have been added to the
city, new business buildings have been erected
and 'old ones enlarged, new public structures
have gone up, the population has increased.
new and important industries have entered
the field, and old ones have been enlarged.
Our foundries supply demands to as distant
points as Arizona and report increased trade ;
our wood workers are still the most extensive
operators in the State ; in paints, oils, glass
hardware " and ' agricultural implements,
pottery and drain pipe, the largest houses
have their location here, and- have found
the Z* ear ' a good average ;> one : jin
wagons 'and carriages there ; has been
a greater demand for the Sacramento-made
ater demand for the Sacramento-made
vehicles, and yet importers ha vef ound the field
a profitable one ; in lime, cement, plaster,
hair, soap, drain-pipe, fire-brick, < iron and
boiler work there has been activity and in
crease ; the wholesale grocery business has
tT' ' -'. _ - ,-r- /a_ S _^^.-a..-P".-^-a-" --'- -- ..-...'■.
SACRAMENTO, THURSDAY MORNING, JANUARY 1, 1880.
extended its lines and increased ' its sales ;
real estate, despite the threatened burdens, is
reported by chief operators as having stood
well throughout the year, with a positive ad
vance since September. In books, stationery,
school and printing supplies the trade has
exceeded that of previous years, and prom
ises for 1886 a wonderful increase. Dry goods
sales have been as good on the whole as in
1878, but in clothing lines there has been some
decrease in j the volume of business. There
•has developed a strong demand for the estab
lishment of grain storage warehouses, whole
sale variety house* dry goods jobbing houses,
boot and shoe factories, etc., while the experi
ments in tanning have been so successful that
we are now assured of, two extensive leather
factories. In closing this general review we
desire to invite 'attention to t v 'c special re
view of over two hundred butinets .uses as
set forth on pages 3, 6, 10, 11, 14 ami 15 of
this paper. . ', ' ■■ ■ '_ .
SPECIFIC CONSIDERATION.
Coming now to spec Be consideration of a few of
the lines of business conducted in Sacramento, it is
to be noted that in nearly every branch of trade
there was very little effort made for extension. On
the contrary, as stated already, the leading lines
withdrew largely, declining extended credits and
limiting their business to the gilt edge alone. With
the inclining of the winter, however, this rigidity
has been relaxed. .This effect of the limiting ef
trade during fully one- half the year should be con
sidered in all that lollows in 'his review, as ap
plying t» every business mentioned, and the large
reported extension of area and increase of volume
of business in the face of this fact are to be under
stood as had upon a most a cash basis, or such trade
as is considered equivalent to cash.
In agricultural implements our figures show a re
markable coincidence, to wit : That the volume of
trade in 1878 was $648,000, and in 1879 $048,000.
The houses report ah increase in the market area
and ability to have sold fifty per cent, more of
goods but for the limiting credit, as already men
tioned, and that there ii the brightest outlook for
1680 which has beeu known to this branch of busi
ness in the State.
To the sales of hardware by the agricultural
houses the same remarks will apply.
Iv auction aud commission goods, for sales out
side the city and absolute cash transactions proper
to be considered in this estimate, the sum is $231,
--000, as against $120,000 in IS7B. -
The sales in brooms during the past year was
about twenty per cent less than in 1878, but with
thi opening of winter an increased activity ia mani
fested.
The sales of limeand cement were $80,000, as against
♦75,000 for the preceding year. There was less call
for these articles at home, but greater demand
abroad than in 1878.
The aggregate sales of grain and feed, outside of
local consumption, aggregated the sum of $125,000,
as against $131,000 last'year. Less grain and feed
!378 was 9048,000, and in 9048,000.
report an increase in the market area
to have sold fifty per cent, more of
for tbe limiting credit, as already inen
that there i. the brightest outlook for
has been known to this branch of busi-
Slate.
ales of hardware by the agricultural
Bame remarks will apply,
n and commission goods, for sales out
y and absolute cash transactions proper
iered in this estimate, the sum is 9231,
--iwt 9120,000 in 1578.
a in brooms during the past year was
ty per cent less than in 1878, but with
[ of winter an increased activity is mani
of lime and cement were $80,000, as against
the preceding year. There was less call
irticles at home, but greater demand
i in 1878.
3gate sales of grain and feed, outside of
nption, aggregated the sum of 8125,000,
131,000 last-year. Less grain and feed
I into the transmontane regions during
1879, notwithstanding the demand was continuous,
the difference resulting from greater restriction
in the credit system, - v
Nurserymen and florists did an outside business
amounting to $20,000.
' In undertakers' supplies, the sales to the trade in
1878 were but $9,000, and for 1879 they aggregated
$11,600.
Workers and dealers in wood and woodenware
sold $200,000 worth of goods, as against $190,500
the year before. In the way of boxes, tubs, pails,
butter -firkins, etc., the demand far exceeded that of
any preceding year, but by reason of the lessening in
price, there is ' not a corresponding increase in the
volume of returns. --.. ■-.:-.■..
. In pottery goods, drain-pipe, cement-pipe, etc., a
very active trade was enjoyed, the aggregate of busi
ness amounting to $100,000, with volume and area
of business increasing.
In stoves and tinware, zinc, copper, and with sheet
iron workers and dealers; the result has not been uni
form, some having lost heavily in the volume of their
business, while others have largely increased. The
sales for 1879, however, were $400,000, against 9301. •
000 for previous year, and the business with all
of these classes is now excellent, with a bright out
look for 1880.
In stationery, books, blank -books, stationers' sup
plies and bookbinding, there was an increase of
nearly $100,000 in aggregate tf sales, $424,000 being
the gross business for thai year. There was a lur_;e
increase of area and an augmentation of traie in
the old area and a demand fully equal to the desires
of those engaged in it.
In sewing machines the sales exceeded somewhat'
$100,000, as sgainst $77,000 in 1873. •
In produce and fruits the sales in 1878 were $722,
--000, while in 1879 they were $892,000. These figures
speak for themselves. That Sacramento is destined
to be the greatest shipping market for fruit ia the
State there is no question.
The milling bttsiife'ss, including flouring and feed
i and bookbinding, there was an increase of
ly «100,000 in aggregate of sales, 9424,000 being
;ross business for th i year. There was a large
.ase of area and an augmentation of traie in
iid area and a demand fully equal to the desires
lose engaged in it.
sewing machines the sales exceeded somewhat'
,000, as ngainst 977,000 In 1878.
priaduce and fruits the sales in 1878 were 9722,
--while m 1879 they were 9892,000. These figures
k for themselves. That Sacramento is dastiiMd
c the greatest shipping market for fruit inthe
3 there is no question.
Ie milling huaiif^Ss, including flouring and fetd
land the supp'ying of brewers' materials, amount
to $2,682,000, as against $2,648,000 the preceding
year. The millers report their prices is having been
much lower, and the sale of the products of their
mills much greater, with highest anticipations for
1880. •
In millinery, with two new houses in the field,
the sales were 9180,000 — an increase from $59,000 In
1878. It would appear that almost the entire trade
in millinery supplies for the interior lias been
turned to Sacramento,
In paints, oils, glass, sash, paper-hangings, mold
ings, doors, etc., the business aggregated $552,000.
There was a notable increase, and had the full de
mand been answered the volume would have been
one-third more, but, as stated, there was a general
inclination to limit the trade to a positively safe
line. The aggregate includes sales of pictures by
the paint and oil houses, artists' supplies, mirrors,
wax-work supplies, paper-hangings, etc The sales
for 1878 were $479,000.
The printing business has held its own well during'
the year. Orders from the outside trade amounted
to $118,000 as against $102,000 for 1878. ■ ■*
In lumber, as is well known, under the influence
'of a warm competition between heavy dealt rs in
the lumber-producing districts, the prices declined
to a remarkably low figure. But notwithstanding
the greatly reduced price, the aggregate sales by the
lumber dealers of this city were $800,000— being
only $20,000 less than in 1878, when prices were
very much higher. The briskness of the trade still
continues, with extending area and volume, and
with prices largely increased, the dealers sre jubi
lant, and state that they believe there will be no
such declination again, and that the business for
1880 will be larger than ever before.
The market men shipping in small quantities
abroad, to the Oregon line on tbe north, to Idaho on
the east, and throughout the valley and foothill sec
tions, report sales of $250,000, as against $205,000
for 1878. -' : - ■-..:.
Marble workers complain nf dullness of trade, and
yet their sales aggregate lor 1879 $66,000, while
those for the precedin? year were but 647,500.
Whether the statement for 1878 as then furnished to
the Kkcobd-ll.mon representatives was limited under
a doubt as to the propriety of making it or not, we
cannot state, but that the amount for 1879 is cor
rect we are assured. Tbe probabilities are that the
business has been divided more evenly the past year
among those engaged in it. They all agree that the
area of trade is greater, and that of pictures by
oil houses, artists' supplies, mirrors,
iplies, paper-hangings, etc. The sales
$479,000.
g business has held its own well during
ders from the outside trade amounted
agrair.st 9102,000 for 1878.
as is well known, under the influence
mipetition between heavy dealt rs in
■oducing districts, the prices declined
ily low figure. But notwithstanding
duced price, the aggregate sales by the
ars of this city were 9800,000 — being
less than m 1878, when prices were
gher. The briskness of the trade still
th extending ana and volume, aud
argely increased, the dealers are jubi
te that they believe there will be no
ia.n again, and that the business for
irger than ever before,
it men shipping in small quantities
3 Oregon line on the north, to Idaho on
throughout the valley and foothill sec
sales of $250,000, as against 9205,000
kers complain of dullness of trade, and
les aggregate for 1879 $60,000, while
c preceding year were but 847,500.
statement for 1878 as then furnished to
r.MON representatives was limited under
the propriety of making it or not, we
but that the amount for 1879 is oor
isur»d. The probabilities are that the
aeen divided more evenly the past year
engaged in it. They all agree that the
is greater, and that the outlook for the
business for building purposes (mat.tels, marble
house fittings, etc.), has never been better, ' • _.-■•*
In 1878 the jewelers of the city reported their ag
gregate sales to be $193,600, and for the last year
they are given as $207,600. '....' • ._.. -..:.-*
The liquor business greatly increased during the
year 1579. lard times, or apparent hard times, for
our review shows that they are merely apparent and
not real, seem rather to stimulate the liquor busi
ness. Tbe aggregate sales for the year amount to
$1,488,000, as against $1,040,000 in 1878. ' They all
report that the increase of volume would have been
much larger had | not more rigid exercise of the
credit system been exercised than formerly. The
market area was extended, the trade in the - .X area
greatly augmented, and much trade was drawn to
this city which > heretofore has been directed else
where. The advantages of Sacramento for the con
duct of the wholesale liquor business have | been
more fully realized by the dealers of the interior
during tbe year 1879 than at any previous time, and
the prospect is that it will continue largely to in
crease, -a ' ' . ' ' *--' r-. -"rf.,- ' '*"*
. Over 866,000 worth of hats and caps were sold dur
ing the year by houses doing a jobbing business in
these goods. I This was against $86,500 in 1 878, but
all the dealers agree that the decrease was oc
casioned, not by a lessened demand, but by refusal
of much credit. It is also remarked by them that
there is greater ease and readiness in the flow of
trade to this city than ever before, and that interior
dealers have come to naturally examine Sacramento
prices before going elsewhere. ._■
The hair-workers have done a very satisfactory
business, their sales amounting to 910,000 .-,--> ;<_--;
I In hardware and iron there has recently been a
stiffening in prices. Liberal sales throughout the
year. The aggregate statements made by the several
houses doing a jobbing trade amount to $1,343,000,
as the sales for 1879. This includes sales of
blacksmith supplies, tools, blacksmith coal, steel,
iron, ship-chandlery, etc., but is exclusive of guts,
ammunition and cutlery sold by houses dealing in
hardware. The sales for 187s were ■ $1,620,040.
More hardware goods, however, were sold by far
during the year 1879 than in 1878, and the diff ereice
in aggregate amounts is found in the extreme I«w
prices at which they have been sold most of the past
year. - The houses - report the full influence of the
Sacramento market retained, with extended area
and most encouraging prospects forISSO. *-.' i ->S J
In harness and saddlery the sales amount to $381.-'
00", as against $284,000 the preceding year. Jo
house has any complaints to make. _ While a few
did not . increase their business, others - gaintd
greatly. Th-? area of trade his largely extended,
and the demand has been quite up to the capacity
of the houses. In common with others, the dealers
in this line anticipate for IS3O most bountiful re
turns. ■----, /■ ■ _■■■■. j . - "J:;!,
In ™as-fittiug and "plumbing supplies goods were
sold amounting to ?l«0,000.".The local trade wu
less but theout'ide demand wns greater than in 1575.
The' gross sales for 1873 were £281,000, and the fall
in? off in the aggregate was due to thelessxned
prices. .'".«* '•-■ ■-■-' *- '.-*, ■ " " ■ ■ '"*':
M In guns and ammunition the sales in 18.3 amount-
I houses. In common sales reached the sum it
line anticipate for 1889 most bountiful re
is-fitting and plumbing supplies goods were
mounting to 9190,000. Tbe local trade wis
ut ttaenut«ide demand wr>s greater than in 1875.
(«j sales for 1878 were 9281,000, and the fall
f in the aggregate was due to the lessuneo
uns and ammunition the sales in 1873 amoun»
--533.000. In 1879 the sales reached the sum it
$»,COO, which, with the low prices ruling during
the eater part of the year, indicates a most strik
inc increase in this line of busm«s for the year. * i
The furniture dealers all rerort a lessened trade
except two, who say that: their sales are better,
They too agree that in the general trade in the fur
nitu're line there was » decided declination. Thej
are also agreed in the statement that it was doe to i
want of confiderce among the people, from the in
stability of values growing out of the political ex
citement, and not to a lessened demand for Roods or
inability to purchase them.*: The sales aggregated
over $349,000, as against \ $302,500 the preceding
year. '■■ --tr"v' H -"•- V "'
r The business of glove making was not as good by
r?4,000. | The sales amounted to only $3,500. _
In musical aud f«__ncy goods, in which we include
pian--s, organs and musical instruments of all kinds,
sheet music, music boxes, and all Nfes ;of -fancy
goods kept by dealers in music supplies, and which
extends somewhat to toys, toilet articles, etc., the
».- les wire $jt)o,dOO, as . against »227,E00 in 1878.
The sales in mvrsie supplies purely 5 were not .-.,
great as in 1878. r Evidently the people purchased
less of the luxuries of j life, but tbe trade has a-
sumed briskness again and bids fair for the year just
commenced. - : "' - ; f^t*y -.rX -■■■<■.•-;:''. ■■£
In" the line of busiaess -• prosecuted in foun
dries, boiler -'and Iron 'aTr shops "-■ the p business
aggregated something r« moro •£ than '."* in r; 1878,
when the business .: of rf, the -,'i foundries .and
machine shops reported "■■ $378,000, f and that
of the boiler lind other iron workers $1'20,(-CO, mall.
ing a total of $498,000. "A' large amount of the
goods ■ turned out •by these factories go rood,
lijiarlz mills are' now built for as far distant points as
.Sew Mexico, and Arizona demands that her mills be
built here. Engines, horse-powers, boilers, vaults,
jail work, etc., demanded for the interior, are' very
largely built here, and the ' trade is constantly in
creasing. .-- ■ ' •■'.'■"Ei'.,:- •ff rrrr-r. rf: j :'
■ The report from dry goods houses runs somewhat
inihis wise : 1. First part of the year ran behind ;
,|;.,ir made up all losses, and . have had ten per
cent, increase over ; trade reached into more
distant territory, and trade flows hero more readily.
2. T. c volume cl trade about the same ; general
depression for most of the tear, caused mostly by
political agitation ; . good* 01.l at less p-ica :',,
/-bout an even trade, ..to c..itlookrforil*t&o ,_.
tine: no loes of i iluuice by litis nun keif but its
importance has augmented. 4. Sales poor frsm
April to September, but made up on rest cf the
year ; outlook excellent. 5. An average | year ;
wholesale trade decidedly better and active ; could
have sold twice the amount of goods if desired. 0.
Fair trade ; outlook encouraging. 7. As good as in
137;. ; gained in influence abroad. 8. Sales about
the same ; kept behind the demand purposely ;
could have done twice the business, but cut
down credits to positively safe basis ; Sacra
mento influence extending. 9. A good year
for us, our volume of sales is fully equal to that of
1878, trade extending in area and volume, etc.
From these statements, and the figures given us,
we place the sales of dry goods at $1,425,000, the
same as in 1878, although we would be justified in
placing them somewhat higher. ' • X( ' ■ >
The jobbing trade in drugs and medicines has
found an extended area, and sales during t.« year
have exceeded $300,000. Although somewl.vt less
than in 1878, the general report of dealers is that
trade flows more easily to this market from abroad
than ever before, and that the le.-sened amount in
the aggregate of sales is caused entirely by tbe re
duction of credits.
From this point in our review - summary we
will pass on by in rapid statement of actual
figures, as sufficient has already been given
iv fuller detail to show the general condition of
trade. t"--
In cigars and tobaccos the trade was $325,000, as
against $265,000 in 1878. - - ■ ' «? .
Carpets aud upholstery, 8280,000, a slight decrease.
In carriages, wagons and carriage trimmings the
sales were $100,000— falling off in volume, bat not
in market area. Goods sold cheaper. _> .»
" Confectioners' goods were sild to the amount of
$203,000, showing a growing business. : „ '
The lower prices in clothing and woolens make
total sales in these lines of $905,000, which, though
not as large as preceding years, covers a larger
amount of goods sold. - ■ •
The brewers business was good, amounting to
$107,400.
Bakers, cracker and others engaged in wholesale
ing, $220,000— an extending business.
Wholesale butchers report an increase to 1,000
head per month from 700, and place the volume of
trade at $1,000,000.
In crockery and glassware the sales are $145,000.
Business purposely limited.
I' The business of the box factories was $115,000, j
and trade constantly extending.
General blacksmithing, exclusive of merely local I
trade, $180,000.
Boots and shoes, an average business ; sales, {302,-
COO.
The grocers report sales amounting to $5,000,000.
This branch of trade was greatly limited by the
wholesale houses ; nevertheless, it is estimated at
nearly 000,000. It has found a much wider area
and less uitlicult trade. The grocery houses of Sac
ramento are now a controlling element in the
grocery trade of the Pacific const, with most prom
ising outlook for the future.
Dressmaking is carried on extensively in Sacra
mento for the interior, and fives employment for a
large number of hands. Not less than 850,000 worth
of this work was done in 1579. _ .'
Pork-packing has been included in the estimate
concerning butchers It was very much depressed
in 1878, but revived greatly during the past year.
The Eastern markets in 1878 controlled. The situa
tion has now changed and our ark -pack now re-.
port that they have cry reason to be gratified from
the present year's business and the outlook tar the
future.
"tVe are now compelled, in order not to disclose the
details of any one business, to aggregate a large
number of businesses, including roofing, soap
works, brick-making, dyeing and scouring, hides,
tanning, billiard makers, wood-turning, 'total
goods, yeast cakes and flavoring extracts, Chinese
supplies, patent agencies, land agencies, oil trans
portation, cutlery, safes, grain sacks, hardwoods,
ladies' underwear, ice companies, coal and wood,
wool, hops, vinegar and pickles, manufacture of
surgical appliances, shirt manufacture, smelting,
glue, electricians, mattress makers, coopering, indus
tries at the railroad shops (in excess of 500,000),
unspecified business vocations, etc. (including Chi
nese houses, placed at $100,000), the whole aggre
gating a volume of 84.427,300, and this is undoubt
edly considerably within the full amount. The
leading industry in the city is the work of t' c Cen
tral Pacific Railroad car-shops, where are carried on
all kinds of wood and metal work: plating, paint
in?, founding, etc. | In 1878 the industrial products
of the works aggregated $3,000,000. The statement
is given for publication after careful consideration
and calculation for the year 18711 at over half a
million more. ' . . ' j
_.b ' CONCLUSION. ." r\
We come now to the conclusion iff the whole mat
tor. There has been \ carefully excluded jin this
estimate any possible exaggeration ; in all instances
there has been rather an under than an over-esti- .
mate. A large number of vocations have been ex
| eluded which are so purely local that they had little
or no relation to the outside trade ; no statement of
deposits in banks, speculative or loan transactions
are included. There has been a constant effort to
make this showing represent the importance of Sac
ramento as a market and trade center— excluding
merely local trade so far as it would exist if Sacramento
had no outside trade. The total, then, of the trade
of Sacramento, as represented , by its leading busi
ness hous s, amounted in the year 1870 — notwith
standing its depression, the want of confidence, the
financial stringency and the political overcast— tO
tbe sum of $29,273,800, as against $27,000,508 in 1878,
and $..5,500,000 in 1877. -..-," ■■■ r^.* ,-,./■ i
It will thus be seen - that in what was an
off year, a year " in which •. there was no reason
able expectation . entertained of anything else
than retrogression in business and heavy financial
falling off, Sacramento maintained ail her interior
trade, extended her ' market area, Increased her in
fluence as a trade center, and transacted over one
and -a • half million - dollars more of business
than in the year 1878. If there be added to this
figure the money deposits, banking gains, real es
tate advances, successful speculative ventures of
capital outside of trade lines, underwriting, local
business not included in any other statement, etc.,
the fclue of transactions for 1879 will exceed 835,
--000,000. :■ •',.- '.
. [A complete catalogue of business and manufac
turing houses of Sacnunento will appear in Satur
day's Kbcobd-Usiok.] , .'
SAN FRANCISCO STOCK SALES.
Sas Francisoo, December 31, 1879.
•i^iltatSt , , KOHW'tl SESSION. f- ~ '
235 0-fc'r . ...V"... WWW 195Ju»tice ...... -.1 COv'rll
' 575 Mexican. 17R«l8 425 Union Con. 41(3401
285 OtT. . i .... HtftHi 20 Belcher „ . 14
41C Beat 6 B OiiaXf'ti 350 Ala. ....3(83 15
75 California. .3 95v»3 W 355 Lade Br, an... .1 Starr 2oc
'. SOSaTtur- .....6©5» 200 Ju1ia...... Jvil 95
ITOCoo Va..„ *1 3SO Caledonia... I 15OT1 20
145 Choilar 51(01- 530 Silver Hill :.V_r
105PotosI.. •• ' ICO Challenge — ......1 75
an II IN fil@6l 125 Dardanelles 80c
450 C Point 2 65«52i 400 New York 25.a2Cc
5J0j;cket..........9K<«91 HOOtcHmtaL 1(890
M Imperial ¥mix\ 9 1 Lady Wash SOc
26 Kentuck -.--3 *?*? ...... 35c
20 Apha. 9! 55 Ward .- 1
725 8e1cher...... :.3}<93 10 50 Scorpion... 280
- 40 Confidence "<- rt, 150 Leviathan. 30c
615 Sierra Not 17'tWS 320 Benton 1 70(__rl 60
801'Vih «#*!! 350G.Gate............l 10
70 Bullion .....3 60 900 Flowery 30c
220 Exchequer.. 2 90r__t2 »> 605 X. Bona: rza... .UXuJ5c
' 1300T«rmin....... 5J 1 0 Muckey .......10c
- A_rT»R»<"OW ■.emios.
880"av*F1»....---9 cOl 410 Booker. 40ir35c
ttEufcon..*... 164 I' OS. Bodie... ..15c
420 Belmont ....*"..9ottiß"c 650 'iuecn Bee.. 20c
2100 Leopard 15c 175 Mono t\<gtX
608 1ie....; 61, 2.i Con. Pacific... 4}
- 50 Manhattan ...... .11 100 University . __. 15r
• 378Frize........l 15@1 01 j 450 Dudley 50t,ftl0c
304 ■ Argenta :.l 35(al 40 325 Jupiter. 1 15<» 20
4-iOEndowm't..:.' 40c : 6a») So Balwer. io(*»c
85 Belle Me.. .-.13531 30 250 Addenda...'. 40c
' 50 Paradise , 75cr 685 Noonday ...4 75(54 70
200 Albion J . ...ff.. .40c 75 JC Noonday 3......
770 lea 3}(_S3 05; 310 Mammoth... i 85^1 80
70 Mt. Diablo. .'.:.. »13] 200 8at0n....... 120
125 80die...... 9J<_*9fj 400 3 N00nday..... ...1 85
2008«hte1...:..l 6S«I til 120 White ....sfc
100Mcd1int0n... :..... 40c 100 Leeds .'...:... ....50 c
525T_0(K. I>MI 2 Ml Tip Ton 2(jj2l
170 Syndicate.. ...lJdSl 40 520 C. B. Hi Is 3
100 Oriental 15tl 301 A laa ;........Uc I
150 8e1videre....... "...75c 100 Tu5car0ra.*......... Ifc I
Passengers Passing Carlin for California.
CißtiN, December 31st.— The following passengers
passed Carlin to-day, to arrive in Sacramento to
morrow : i Mrs. Scott, Oakland, Cal. ; Mre. M. Mc-
Kimminp and child. Salt Lake Ci'y; H. Bridge and
wile, Washington, D. ' C. : B. Haueraan and wife,
Dakota ; ;C. B. Seymour and family, Oakland ;
Captain F. M. Green and wife, San Francisco ; W.
T. Smith, wife and child, Stockton ; - Mrs A E.
i Ross, San Franc sco; James Sullivan, W. W. Hill,
: G orjf Powers, Camp Halleck,' Nev. ; A.. D. P.nssell
and wife, Tuscarora, Nev. ; i George Seitx, Elko,
Nev. ; Mrs. S. B. Gregory » 1 two children, Sacra
mento ; Mrs. J. M. Barber, N^w York ; Harry Stir
ling, San Francisco ; Rev. . J." C. C Harris, Green-
I ville, N. C. ; SO emigrants, including _!_! males, to
I arrive in Sacramento January 2d. ."-, , ;*. *
- -. . -.-■ -.-..a -a-.. - a ..-.:. -fr, .-- ■
SACRAMENTO'S SCHOOLS.
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SUPERINTEND
ENT OF CITY SCHOOLS.
Suggested Improvements— How to Obtain
the Best Text-Book jr-f
Study— Statistics.
..
The following is the annual report of Add
C. Hiukson, Superintendent of City Schools
for the year 1879 :
OfFiCE Or SCPIRIXTKSDKXT OF Public SCHOOLS, i
Sacrj MR.VTO, December, 1879. i"
To the Honorable Board of Education of
Sacramento city— Gentlemen : When we
contemplate the magnitude of the machinery,
and the many elements that enter into our
great public school system, and the reforms
and improvements which the experience of
those in charge thereof enables them to be
continually making, we can better under
stand why it is that no school system yet de
vised is, or can be perfect, and we are made
to realize the great responsibility devolving
upon those intrusted with this great work.
However, in taking a retrospective view of
the labors of the past year, we certainly have
reason for congratulation for the results ac
complished, and the advancement made by
the public schools of this city. : Having
learned from experience that radical and sud
den changes in the management of our
schools even when made in the direction of
reforms are impolitic and unwise, we have
meved cautiously, and I think with discre
tion, yet have certainly kept pace with the
advancement made by other schools of the
country, and as a result of our labors we are
gratified to know that our schools will com
pare favorably with those of any other part
of the State. Yet there is still
: . MCCH TO BE ACCOMPLISHED,
And many difficult questions to solve in de
termining the correct theory upon wbich the
public schools should be conducted, and
among the many matters that ar<__ Worthy of
serious consideration . I regard as of para
mount importance the question, whether or
not we require too much teaching from the
text-books '.' lam of the opinion that we do,
and think this is one of the great evils with
which teachers and pupils have to contend,
and one that should be corrected at the
earliest possible period.
While the text-book routine is necessary to
some extent, the fact should be impressed
upon the minds of the teachers that this is
only a means to an end, and the textbooks
should only be used as a guide, and teachers
should be given more latitude, and be per
mitted, as well as required, to draw upon
their own resources for food for the minds of
the pupils.
Children should first be taught how to study.
The great secret of successful teaching is to
make pupils think and reason for themselves ;
the reasoning faculties will .be developed in
proportion to the new and original ideas sug
gested by the teachers, who should not be
required to confine themselves exclusively to
text-books, which they will be to a great ex
tent forced to do so long as a course of "text
book " study is prescribed which will require
the whole school year to accomplish.
The mind of the child, like the body, is a
growth, and the sooner it is brought in con
tact with topics of general importance, out
side of the old groove, the sooner will its edu
cation, be completed.
. MORAL TRAINING. _ .
Moral training is also an essential element
in the education of children ; and while it is
not the' province of public schools to impart
religious instruction, the teaching of good
morals, together with all the accomplish
ments and finer traits of character that char
acterize the true ladypr gentleman, should be
made specialties. In this regard, however,
our teachers have done their duties, and
I doubt not that in every instance where a
want of morality may be found in a pupil
the cause can be traced outside of the schools,
and oftener than otherwise to the want of
proper influence and training at home.
INATTENTION OF PARENTS.
To attain the objects for which the public
schools are intended requires also the com
bined efforts and co-operation of teachers,
pupils and parents, aud the dereliction of
duty of 'either throws the whole machinery
out of order. Teachers must be competent
and willing .to instruct, pupils must be in
dustrious and capable of receiving instruc
tion, and parents must see that their chil
dren are kept regularly in school, and that
they apply themselves properly to their
studies.
' In many instances teachers especially have
great cause for complaint against parents,
who too often are indifferent to the success of
their children until the near approach of the
annual examination, when it is too late to re
gain the lost ground of the neglected
and wasted year, "and ' it is not un
usual " for teachers v" to be unjustly
censured for the - failure of their pupils,
when in fact the fault is with the parents,
many of whom permit their children to ab
sent themselves from school for a good por
tion of the j year, and are then amazed that
the teachers have failed to do their duties.
. If parents could be induced to visit the
classes oftener, and to advise and consult
with the teachers, and to keep their children
in school regularly, it would have a salutary
effect, but it is truly painful to know how
very indifferent so many parents seem to be
to the interests of their children until near
the close of the school year — many of whom
never visit a school except to find fault with
or to enter a complaint against a teacher.
If those parents would visit the classes of
tener, consult with and assist the teachers,
and take one-tenth as much interest in their
own children as the teachers do, there would
be less ground for complaint, and certainly
the welfare of the children would be pro
moted thereby. . «
TRUANCY.
Under the direct surveillance of the Truant
Officer, whose duty it is to visit the several
classes each morning of school, and to take
the names of, and ascertain from parents or
guardians, the causes for the absence from
school of all pupils suspected of truancy,
this evil has to a great extent been broken
up. r,fj- .-.-,.; . -.." ■
, ■ • . VENTILATION AND HEAT..
The importance of the proper ventilation
and heating of j the school-rooms has often
been impressed upon the minds of the teach
ers ; to look after the health of their pupils is
their first duty, and they should keep con
stantly in their minds the great responsibility
resting upon "them in this respect, and while
the rooms ehould be kept well heated in cold
weather, they should at all times be kept
well ventilated and full of fresh air.
. HIGH SCHOOL." -
Our High School still maintains its well
merited reputation as a thoroughly-graded
and well-organized school, in which are em
ployed a Principal and three assistants. ' I
would recommend to the incoming Board
the adoption of a resolution setting apart a
sufficient amount of our municipal taxes to
maintain this school during the next school
year, in order to remove a doubt of providing
revenue under the provisions of the new Con
stitution of this State for. the maintenance of
this very important department of our public
schools. '"■
GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. ■
Our two Grammar School are instructed
by two Principals and twenty-one assistants,
all experienced and efficient teachers. * Their
classes are thoroughly organized and are all
doing well. \ '.;:._" ; a . ■ j
j., j '-. ■■". PRIMARIES AND INTERMEDIATES. ,
Many of the teachers in the primary and
intermediate grades have had many years' ex
perience in their profession, and have long
established reputations as thorough teachers."
Others have not had the advantage of that
experience, yet they are all doing well, and,
nnder the efficient management of _ the Prin
cipal of these grade.-, everything is moving
like clock-work. :, t". •:;'..-' • '-.-". ■;'. '
: There are * forty-five classes under - the
charge of one Principal, and all the expe
rienced teachers are placed in these grades;
which adds greatly to the duties of the la
borious and responsible position of Principal,
which position is the most responsible and
important of all others in the department. _
.TUfrVsa. SCHOOL
There are .two teachers employed in the
evening school, and they are doing good work ; j
and it is gratifying to know that several:
young ladies are attending this school, and it j
-.'•" *•■ ■■ - --. '* ■
is hoped that many others who are unable to j
attend the day schools, will do likewise.
Many young men and boys are availing them
selves of the advantages of this school, in
stead of spending their evenings in idleness, j
and with bad associations. ' Vet, it is not as
well patronized as it should be, for there are
many other young men and boys who, if they
could be induced to attend this school, would
be shielded from the bad influences of street
idlers, as well as otherwise benefited.
GERMAN AND FRENCH.
German and French are both taught in the j
High, and the former in the Grammar Srhi.ols I
by one professor, of whom it may be sai J that j
both of said languages are his mother-tongue; !
his pronunciation is quite correct of one as ,
it is of the other, and his scholarly attain
ments in both, together with his natural
faculty for imparting instruction, combine in
him all the elements of a thorough and an
efficient teacher. A large number of pupils
are studying German, and the progress made
is truly wonderful.
TEACH
The following are the names of the teach
ers employed in the several grades, viz :
High School — Principal, O. M. Adams;
Vice- Principal, K. W. Brier; First Assist
ant, Mrs. S. J. Folger ; Second Assistant,
Miss Carrie W. Roberts. --.-._.
Sacramento Grammar School — Principal, j
A. H. McDonald; Vice-Principal, Misa Mary j
J. " ; Watson ; , First Grade Assistant, Mis» |
Annie C. Weeks ; Second Grade Assistant I : '
Miss Jennie Burke, Misa Jennie McMeno-ny,
Miss Sue V. Heard ;; Third Grade Assist
ants ; Miss Addie H. Wells, Miss Grace E.
Kidd, Miss Helen E. Waldron ; Fourth
Grade Assistants : Miss Clara Orth. Mrs.
Mary E. Michener, Mrs. Harriette Deuel,
Miss Sarah J. Weir.
Capital Grammar School Principal, Jos.
W. Johnson ; First Grade Assistant, Mrs."
Laura H. Wells ; Second Grade Assistant,
Miss N. J. Miller ; Third Grade Assistants :
Miss Jennie Anderson, Miss Ella M. Smith,
Miss Belle S. Leary ; Fourth Grade Assist
ants : Miss Ella M. Harrison, Miss Minnie
Sweeney, Mrs. Sarah B. Byroj, Miss Amelia
Duggan. * j
Fifth Grade— Miss Julia Smith, Mrs. E.
C. A. English, Miss Mattie J. Frazee, Miss
Louise C. Hagen, Miss Irene Richardson,
Miss Jennie Heard, Miss Mattie K. Powers,
Miss Mary Keegan.
Sixth — Miss Maggie Younger, Mrs.
Martha M. Ross, Mrs. E. M. Seymour, Miss
Sophia Kropff. Miss Nellie M. Shepherd,
Miss Carrie M. Wadsworth, Miss Lizzie
Griffin, Miss Alice R. Tenbrook.
Seventh Grade— Miss Flora Goldman, Miss
Bertie Van Guelder, Miss Mary A. Way,
Miss Nettie B. Seeley, Mrs. Sarah J. Toll,
Miss Clara L. Henley, Miss Laura J. Phil
lips, Miss Annie C. Montgomery.
Eighth Grade — Amelia Klippel, Miss
Lucy Nichols, Miss Hetty A. Palmer, Miss
Etta M. Bockrath, Miss Addie Duggan,
Miss Clara Felter, Miss Alice Griffith, Mrs.
Katie M. Aiken, Mrs. Clara H. Bradner,
! Miss Nina Funston, Miss Cannie Mason,
Miss Emma Doherty, ■ Miss Maggie Little,
Miss Lucy C. O'Brien, Miss Annie C. Mc-
Cleery, Miss Mollie E. Ackley, Miss Lizzie
M. Bernard.
Ungraded Schools— Helen Weir, teacher
No. 1 ; Sarah M. Jones, teacher No. 2 ; Mary
E. Mumford, teacher No. 3 ; Laura E. Hess,
teacher No. 4 ; Charlotte M. Slater, teacher
No. 5. i
Principal Fifth, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth
Grades, Miss H. MeCormack.
French and German, E. Kemen.
Evening School— W. J. Hyde, Principal ;
Mrs. M. E. Merrill, Assistant. (Maintained
live months during the year.)
Substitute, grammar classes Mrs. M. E.
Merrill.
Substitute fifth,- sixth, seventh and eighth '
grades Miss Flora Weeks. (Substitutes are
paid by the teachers for whom they substi- i
tute.) . . r - »■
Recapitulation — High School, -1 teachers ;
Grammar Schools, 23; fifth grade .schools,
8 ; sixth grade schools, 8 ; seventh grade
schools, 8 ; eighth grade schools, 17; Prin
cipal . fifth, sixth, seventh and. eighth
grades, 1 ; ungraded classes, 5 ; evening
school, 2 ; grammar . and French, 1 ; gram
mar class substitute, 1 ; fifth, sixth, seventh
and eighth grade substitute, 1 ; total, 79. ;
- Number of pupils enrolled and the average
daily attendance in the several grades :
.Number enrolled: High Schools — .Boys,
30 ; girls, 73 ; total, 103 ; average daily at
tendance per teacher, 24.
Grammar Schools — Boys, 519 ; girls, 615 ;
total, 1,124 ; average daily attendance per
teacher, 36.
" Fifth Grade Schools— Boys, 202 ; girls, 223;
total, 425 ; . average daily attendance per
teacher, 30.
Sixth tirade Schools— Boys, 211 ; girls, 198 ;
total, 409 ; average daily attendance per
teacher, 35,
Seventh Grade Schools — Boys, 210 ; girls,
215 ; total, 425 ; average daily attendance per
teacher, 34.
Eighth Grade Schools — Boys, 370 ; girls,
353 ; total, 723 ; average daily attendance per
teacher, 23.
Ungraded — Eoys, 142 ; girls, 128 ;
total, 270 ; . average daily attendance per
teacher, 42. -
Total number of pupils enrolled in all the
grades— Boys, 1,684 : girls, 1,805 ; total, 3,480.
Of the number enrolled, 347 have been
transferred from different classes, which
leaves the actual number enrolled, 3,142.
The following is a synopsis of the School
Census Marshal's report, made in June last,
viz :
Number of white children between 5 and
17 years of age— Boys, 2,209; girls, 2,302.
Total, 4,511.
Number of colored children between 5 and
17 years of age — Boys, 37 ; girls, 53.
Total, 90.
Number of Indian children between 5 and
17 years of age who live under the guardian
ship of . white persons— Boys, 1 ; girls, 1.
Total, 2.
Number of children under 5 years of age —
Whites, 1,770 ; colored, 14. j Total, 1,784.
Number sf children between 5 and 17
years of age who have attended only private
schools during the year — Whites, 570; col
ored, 2. Total, 578. ■
This report shows an increase of school
children between 5 and 17 years of age
during the previous year of 141.
FINANCE.
On the first of January there was a balance
in the school fund of $5,560 72. During the
year . the following sums have been paid in,
viz:
From Stite apportionment 925,318 50
From couuty app0rti0nment. ........... . 18,980 30
From city apportionment. 41,082 32
From City Trustees .• ; - 708 09
Transferred from contingent fund hi 870 33
Balance from last year '..'' 5,500 72
Total amount in fund $32,380 32
Total amount disbursed during the year.. 81,014 95
Balancein trea5ury;....'........'.... $1,365 37
Of the amount that has been disbursed the
Bum 1 of $10,733 52 was expended for new
buildings, and 81,852 36 for furniture, which
shows the amount of current expenses to have
been $68,439 07. " ■ '•- "-.
'. Ample school-room is now provided to sup
ply the demand for the probable increase in
the school population fur several years and
as the school property is all in good repair, it
is reasonably hoped that the revenue for the
ensuing year will exceed the current expenses
$8,000 or 510,000. "; ' ".J .; j
"f. SCHOOL PROPERTY. '" ■_'■_' .
. During the year the Board of Education
constructed a fine ten-class Grammar School'
building on Q. between Ninth ■ and Tenth
streets, with Principal's office, closets, base
ment, automatic clocks and all other neces
sary conveniences. The building was con
structed with | particular reference to light
and '. ventilation, and is one \ of ; the best con
structed and cheapest public buildings iv the
State. The contract price for the building,
exclusive of . the clocks, outhouses, walks,
etc. was 59,413. The location of the school
house in "the alley between ' I and j J and
Fourth and Fifth streets is entirely unfit for
rchool purposes, and the Board of Education
have very wisely abandoned it as a school
house. 9 Also, the • old Franklin Grammar
School r building, at Sixth | and L etreets, is
now only occupied by the evening school,' and
it is hoped that they will both be converted
into cash, even if they are sold at a sacrifice.
The other school buildings are all in good
repair, but I would specially impress upon
the minds of the members of the incoming
Board thefgreat necessity for providing addi
tional pupils' desks ; many of those now in
use have been I used for fifteen ; or • twenty
years, and it is absolutely : cruel to require
children : to occupy ■ some rof these illy-con
DAIIT i!i:ioßiiiM"N >iim>,
VOLUME Mmilll 114.
strutted, worn : out and repulsive-locking
desks. ■ •' .' -;■■;.
- The health and j comfort of little children
being if such great importance, it is hoped
that the new Board will give this matter tbrir
early attention ; no doubt the school fond for
the next year will be ample to defray all the
current expenses,' and to provide the requi
site number of desks.
coscLrsiox.'
• As the time approaches when my long con
nection with our public schools will termi
nate, I a-n more forcibly impressed with the
universally kind ami courteous treatment
that I have received fiom the various mem
bers of the Board of Kducation, the teachers,
janitors and pupils, the recollection of which
will always be a source of pleasure ; and,
while the severing of these very pleasant as
sociations will cause me many regrets, I
will be gratified with the belief that the re
sponsible duties of the office which I, in my
humble manner, have but poorly discharged,
wiil fall into more competent hands, in which
we may expect to see more rapid advance
ment and greater prosperity in our . public
schools than they have hitherto enjoyed.
To each of you, gentlemen, am I greatly
indebted for your many acts of kindness and
the great assistance you have rendered me in
the discharge of my duties, and to you, more
than to myself, is due the credit for any re
forms or improvements that may have been
made in the management of our 'cliools dur
ing your, administration. Very respectfully
yours. . Add C. Hinksos. .-,
. r Superintendent.
— : — ;■ ■ -'.-..-
Private Schools.
• We add to the report of Superintendent
Hinkson the fact that in addition to the free
schools of Sacramento, the city boasts sev
eral private schools. Chief among these are
the Sacramento Seminary, a well known and
favorite boarding-school for young ladies,
conducted by Mrs. Herman Perry and an
able r faculty. It occupies a large, excel
lently arranged and admirably located build
ing. . - - - -
The " Sacramento' Institute, a Catholic
school, occupying, a new imposing building,
and accommodating several hundred pupils.
It is conducted by the Christian Brothers,
and is a popular institute.
The Sacramento Business College, conduct
ed by Professor K. C. Atkinson and a full
faculty of competent instructors. It is a
long-established institute, and has the public
esteem and confidence.
Goethe's German School, an old school and
a popular one.
The Sacramento Kindergarten School,
newly established and conducted by Miss
D. <^. Curtis, a Kindergarten graduate,.
Howe's Normal School, an old school and
one which has a large patronage,, and is pop
ular in the community. ;
Hunt's Seminary, a school which has been
conducted here many years, and has an ex
cellent reputation.
Also, the well-known private schools of
Mrs. A. C. Curtis, I Mrs. E. M. Seymour,
Mrs. E. M. Ross and Miss Fannie I. Smith.
PACIFIC SLOPE NEWS.
DISPATCHES OP LAST NIGHT.
CALIFORNIA.
San Francisco Kewa. .; ,i -
San Francisco, December 31st. — A meeting of
Ward Presidents, W. P. C, was held last night to
confer with the successful municipal candidates of
that party as to the method to be pursued in re
deeming the salary pledge. The only officials elected
on the W. P. C. ticket present were Auditor Dunn
and Sheriff Desmond. Terry, a Ward President,
moved that the pledge he rescinded. After a hot
debate the motion was ruled out of order. The
weight of sentiment seemed to be that to rescind it
would injure the party. Dunn considered the
pledge farcical, but would deem it his duty to keep
it. Desmond said he took the pledge in good faith,
and should attempt to carry it out. The whole
matter was finally indefinitely postponed.
The State Teachers' Convention have elected the
following office, a for the ensuing year : President,
Professor H. B. Morton, of San Jose ; Vice-Presi
dents, S. A. White, of San Francisco ; S. H. Jack
man, o_gjSaera____ento ; Profesor E. K. Sill, of Berkeley ;
Secretary, Charles H. Horn, of San Fraiici_co;
Treasurer, Mrs. A. Griffith, of San Francisco. Exec
utive Committee— Hon. John Swett, T. B. McChes
ney, A. _____ McDonald, Hon. F. M. Campbell, Miss
Laura T. Fowler.
The steamer City of New York did not stop at
Honolulu, owing to a heavy gale. F. om the pilot
who boarded the steamer there it is learned that the
United States ship Ranger, for which some anxiety
has been felt here, when a few days out from Japan
met with a heavy . cyclone, lost all her boats and
was badly damaged aft. She put into Honolulu for
temporary repairs, after which she was to fail for
this port. .
San Francisco, December 31st.— The Stock Board
adjourned this afternoon until Friday.
The case of Charles De Young, indicted for the at
tempted murder of Mayor Kalloch, was called in the
Municipal Court to-day for defendant to plead The.
accused was too ill to attend, and upon motion of
defendant's counsel Judge Blake continued the case
until the next term.
Mrs. Cynthia Hodgdon has been denied bail.
In the pedestrian match good time is being made.
A telegram was sent form here to-day by a num
ber of Democrats to the Governor of Maine, indors
ing his action on behalf of the Democracy of San
Fraucisco, but the signatures do not include tho
names of any prominent men of the party. I ;
San Francisco, December 31st.— The score at 3
p. a. stood : Murdock 172, Kibbler 170, Drew IC9,
Reid 167, Mirabeau 166, McGinn 103, Ferguson 159,
Eaton 157, Scott 151, Curtis 150— the others from
100 upwards. Mclntyre is practically out of the
race with a lame knee. His score is 132.
San Francisco, December 31st.— A cripple named
Frank K. Edwards entered Ladd's shooting gallery,
Kearny street, this morning, called for a pistol, and
after firing two shots turned the weapon to his own
forehead and sent a ball through his brain. The
act is attributed to poverty.
Bonifacio Nunez, in jail awaiting sentence for the
murder of Wm. Frey, attempted suicide in his cell
this evening by banging, but was cut down before
, life was extinct. -
Singular Accident— Xx plosion of <>inti
Powder.
Oakland, December , 31st. — charge of giant
powder that remained in one of the large bowlders
used in filling in the bulkhead at Wig Wharf, ai d
which was shipped from Niles, exploded this morn
ing, injuring two laborers. One bad the Bight of his
right eye destroyed, and he was otherwise shock
ingly mangled. "
A Most Wonderful last llirtlli or a "Wo
man who for Twenty-Are leant Tossed
as it nan.
WATSONvm.*, December 31st.- On Sunday last,
in a little cabin situated on the Moss ranch, cix or
seven miles from town, died a person 07 years of
aire, well known *oold timers here, and stage-drivers
and stagemen generally, as Charley Parkhurst. He
was one of the best driven in early days in various
parts of the State, from Stocnton to Mariposa, from
Oakland to San Jose, and from r-Snn Juan to Santa '
Cruz— when San Francisco was reached via San
Juan. For fifteen or twenty years he
had been engaged in farming, working in
the woods, etc., and it is said that he accumulated
several thousand dollars. For several years past ho
has not done much, . being greatly troubled with
rheumatism, which caused great suffering as well as
considerable deformity. The immediate cause of
his death was a cancer of the tongue. It was dis
covered when friendly hands were preparing him
for his final rest that Charley I'arkhurst was unmis
takably a well-developed woman. It eonld scarcely
be believed by persons who had known Charley
Parkhurst for a quarter of a century. 'It is one of
the mos* wonderful of the few such cases on record.
Tint this woman, living among men for thirty years
or more, going through all the dangers and vicissi
tudes of i alilornia life, should conceal her sex, could
hardly be believed, but it is a fact. ' On the Great
Register of this county of the year 1807 appears
, this entry: "_ Patkhurst, Charles Durkee ; 55 ;
New Hampshire ; farmer; "-where he then
lived. Iv is said by several who knew her inti
mately that she came from Providence, R. I. Of
course great curiosity is excited as to the cause that
, led this woman to exist so many years in such a
1 strange guise. There may be a strange history*,
that to the novelist would be a source of Inspira
tion, and again, sbe may have been disgusted with
the tr.im--.eii surrounding her sex, and concluded
to work out her fortune in her own way. ; More
light may be thrown on this wondeiful case. r
■ — '- ' '. ____.'
'-- -"J ■ ■ ■■■ -■•• ■ . -
One ' norse>t__ilef Killed nnd Another
. ',-, Wounded. -.. ..-;,
IlivßiisiDß, December 31st.— James Lohr and Tom
Pico stole two horses and saddles Irom the Riverside
Land and Irrigation Company's stable, and were fol
lowed by J. 11. Meyers and Coo -tabic Hughes and
others to Whitewater, sixty-seven miles di-itant,
and found in a barn. They resisted, and Pico
was killed and Lohr wounded in the breast and
head, but not seriously, . The dock was recovered.
Child Drowned by Ils Mother.
Los Asobijm, December 31st.— A woman named
P.evo.d, while out hinting mushrooms this after
noon on the grounds back of the County Hospital,
threw her child— a girl about 7 years of age— into
a deep pool of water, and drowned it. , she a'so
attempted to throw her other child— years old—
into the same pool.';. The child was taken out and
every means to restore it were taken, but without
avail. The woman was arrested and placed in jail.
She is supposed to be insane, and has threatened to
poison ber children and thin kill herself.
