Newspaper Page Text
THE MAI
JEWS
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1907
The Cuban Problem.
By Kb WIN R ATKINS
After a scries of Cong r ''sMcnal
legislation in regit id in Culm dating
from the IVclualioit of VYnr ainst.
Spain on April 211. 1SHS, the (.ui'e-i
States now finds lii scIT in a pi-cul'mr-ly
trvinij position.
The fourth article of the lVi lar i
tion of War, Uiihmi as 'In- Teller
Amendment, reuds:--
"That the United S'.atcs h reby
disclaims any disposition or intention
to f xereisc sovereignty, jurisdiction,
or control over said Island except
I for the pacification thereof and as
Verts its determination, when that
is accomplished, to leave the govern
ment and control of the Island to its
people."
Hy the firsl of January, 18P!I, the
United States military government
was fully established in Cuba, and
remained in control until Mav 20,
"1902; during this period Cuba was
governed bv military decrees, which
served in the place of legislative acts.
Among the more important decrees
issued by directions fiom WasrTiigton
were those putting in force llio. im
migration law, the contract labor.
1-iw, and the Chinese exclusion act ol
the United States. The decrees
were permanently forced upon Cuba
by joint resolution of our Congress,
known as the Piatt Amendment, and
have effectually debarred Cuba from
getting a suflieient labor supply to
harvest her increasing crops at
reasonable cost as compared with
other foreign, countries.
B order of April 18, WOO, provi
slot! was made for the first Municipal
election, and it was provided that
the voter must be able to read and
write, and must be possessed of at,
least $250 worth of property. Little
active interest was taken in this first
election, and notwithstanding that a
ritiiculoesly small vote was cast there
were serious charges of fraud.
After three years of American
rule it seemed advisable to take steps
toward the fulfillment of the pledges
made by the Teller Amendment, yet,
it was apparent tl at some restraint j
should be placed upon the govern
' ment of the new Republic, und th;
following joint resolution was passe 1,
known as the Piatt Amendment
the Senate Army appropriation U'l
of February 25, 1902:
PL ATT AMENDMENT.
"That, in fulfillment of te dec' i .i
tion contained in the Joint R so-u
tion, approved April 20, 189?, en
titled, 'For the recognition if fie
Independence of the people o Cut-y,
demanding that the Governu " t of
Spain relinquish , its author ty and
government in the Island i: Cui.-a,
and withdraw its land a'..i navy,
forces from Cuba ond Cuba' outers,
and directing the Preside t nt !ie
United States to use thrill v.ml
naval forces of the Unitei States to
cttrry these resolutions 'Ysj effect,'
the President is hereby ..lithome' f .
leave the Government a i control if
the Island of Cuba to v..-: peov'e sj
soon as a government s. 'i have liee-i
established in said Is .i d, uner a
Constitution which, ei'i.e'- as n pari
thereof or in any ordaiv yypeno
ed thereto, shall de' ; o the Mure
relations of the Unit d -ii.iU s will)
Cuba, substantially toliowi,;
"(1) That tbe g eriM er.iof Cue.-,
shall never enter i-.tj any .rr.-.iy i r
other compact v i'b :ny fcre:;. n
Power or Powers wn'.cii Vill ;mp ,lr
or tend to impai the n -iiepei.J .ce
of Cuba, nor in o -' moi.i....r ami pvj5
pr permit any ft
tain by coionia
or naval pur
VlWCTa tl OO-
i- f.ir ir i! tary
r oil. i i Aie,
over a ' por-
lodgment in ci
tion ol said Is
.1.
'(2) That - -.'.id govummc-r.'; shj,!
pt assume c ;.'h;h.i act &-.y public
debt, to pa) th'-- U'.lercst up- u which
and to mak reasonable shit iug-fund
provision f i- ti e ultimate ..ischarge
of which, .he ordinary t. venues of
the Jslane'
rent exp '
bo inade
.: - iteirayni.. the cur-
of t-;)veriiii.ent, (.ha,!!
'.I
''(3) 'll l'e Vi-rt u cnt of Cuba
Consen' ; t-f nit li-o Utiti-, States may
exerci .? C to rigltt 10 i itervone for
the pi"'' :-vatiiin of Cuban Indepen
dence, '-b? iri,'.!!itt'ui:cj of a govern
men' dt-pialei far tin. protection of
life, i" i'iv''!'ly U!1 1 i'lt-ividual liberty,
and !-.' dvjcKatgiDj.' the obligations
wi' i ' spud l!1 'i imposed by the
Tn ''ty f Par.'jou ; he United States,
mi a U be iiSjiiiMi": uii.i uudi rtuken
tl . !c(-.- (ievi r":r.i-i L.
'it Tiiat x: -..tn of the United
Siuii' in C'.' u 'i'lring its miliary oc
tl": I,
. aril
i are ratilied
.11 lawful rights
.mired llnire.mdcr si ''r maintain
or! mid protected.
' ) That tlieO."eriiircnt
'if Cul
i a
u: r
ext-i
o'l CI
ceut
I, tl,-
. aim a-
)i;illS a
. far a
i
..CilllV
i
i uit i'!i
lll'IV"
dl'M-l
ly aj;
;h- ,
hut. ;
Sulci-
-a r.v
I in
iv.'d i ies
re
' ions
re by
uple
IIS tO
inrts
uple
nl. ins to I
,'nr i lie -nt'i'a
mil (
end
an1
VI ii'i '
Mill, to 'hi
ci cc of cni(i(-in
iws nniv be pri
!, tin
be :.
well
llSMllill; f l" t ' t M"'1 '
:i,nii f-fminuM'ci rf ejeba. :l
t.:.c conmu 1 1' of 'In Snii'b '" ;
i.f tin United State- and the p
residing therein.
"((1) Tl at the I.-!e of Pl'" '"n-rill
be emitted ficin the proposed iisti
MHiona! Iioundarn-s of Cubn, the title
thereto lrf. to uturn adjustment by
treaty.
"(7) That to enable the United
States to maintain the independence
of Cut.a, and to iin.tcct the people
thereof, as well as for its own de
fence, the Government t Cuba will
sell or lease to the United States
lands necessary for coal r.g or naval
station at certain. specified p inls, to
be agreed upon with the President
of the United States.
"(8) That by way of further .-is
surance the Government of Cuba will
emoody the foregoing provisions in a
permanent treaty with the United
States."
A general election for members of
Congress had been held in 19(10, and
a Constitution had been framed by
that Congress to which Constitution
were afterward 5 added the provisimrs
of the Piatt, amendment.
Much opposition to this developed
in the Cuban Congress; a delegation
was sent :o Washigton, and the op
posi'ion in Cuba was finally overcflie
Through assurances of the Adininis
tration of support in matter of a
Reciprocity Treaty between the two
countries, giving mutual advantage?
in tariffs.
After the election of Thomas
Estrada Palma, as President, the
United States troops were with
.: . vu rrom Cuba, the military gov-
i i in" ..!. e.vtsei. and the manage-1
i n v t of irlai - as t urned over to
he r.ew It'i.i.') .-. For tt.e firsi two
veers maiui- . au suiooiiny, nine
. 11 :iiu'tn',t 'u " lation tieir.g attempt
cii, if we ( xce t such as authorized
the e-ju uf. . $35,000,000 loan for
s-tt'ement . til its solders li ning
1b. n-hc'iM.: against Spam, and later
I ae other si n'lrcl. leterinr loan of
j nro'Jt '0.000, for the same pur-
' The A ru y lists as originally made
i t;p, Fh" Vf:, some 13,000 commission
! i .1 ' unci ion-cotnmissior,ed rRie.ers,
a el a'j. ut 30,000 privates, the
a'es (' the latter being calculated
at the : t,e of $30 per month, against
il'5 to the United States army;
t ie to' il requirements amounted to
same i ,'13,000,000 h round figures,
whii'li sum was voted by Congress
ini M e settlement, part to be paid
by Treasury funds from revenue; in
asmuch as very many of the solaiers
'n til negotiated their pay warrants
a- i'rotn 20 per seut. to 40 per cent,
of -heir face value, a great part ol
ti e proceeds of these loans went to
speculators iu the Umted States
J i'nd to Spanish subjects, while the
udebtedness rests upon Cuba.
Through the eumanlee of the
' Piatt amendment foreign capital was
attracted to Cuba, her industries re
vived and under a high tariff levied
for revenue rather than for protec
tion, as her industries are purely
agricultural, her revenues increased
to a sum nint h larger than that for
which Spain had taxed the Island
during the last years of her occupa
tion, when taxesboro so heavily up
on the Cuban peiple. The facility
with which the G tverr.mci.t sold its
bonds, and the rapidly increasing re-
Venues, led to extravagant expendi
tures and heavy appropriations
while the commuuily pointed ti the
increase in the svjjar crop, from
22J.UU0 tons in 1890. (the minimum
prcduction during the insurrection)
tu 1,178,000 to- in 1900, as a si
of prosperity, overlooking the fact
thit the Island produced in 1S94
1,031,000 tons, an J that their staple
crtiD had in twe'.va vears but little
more inuu i ecuvereu jroui ine cuii is
of the insurrection and war,
hi December, 1902, thu Uecipreicity
Treaty with the United States, was
negotiated, gn-iting u deferential
iK.t y in favor of Cuban sugar of 20
per cent, on the Dingley rates, thus
giving Cuba an .,:lva'.tage over other
foreign counti ;i j nf alwi.t :!' cents
pi r 100 His , or lear'y 3 c P1-'- lu-
.The treatv, Inw t vcr, was n-t nititl
uiilil u your ; iter, and di i not -n
'into effect until December 27, 1903.
and With this, the ttrious competition of
ne European beet .uirarsin the I- uiteu
'it ales' markets ceased, and the
sugar iudustjy was placed upon an
apparei.liy a'o basis where It could
met till - ine-i aseil cost ef priduc'
li'n. I.illnwi: g the nit'her wages,
ivliii.h i-ame ifler 111" v. ,,r
Lasl year, t he ii cond fireridential
l i ion touk place; President Palma
'xi re elected for a second term,
and tli Liberal c imlidate defeated;
eleii er nf fraud were brought by
tin-iii fe iti d party, and several nt
'enii'ts to start npraisings were
made at, various times which were
prom nt 1 y repressed, but caused
some anxiety to the business com
numitv. Relations between the poli
tical parties were further strained
by the removal of many Libera'
ollice-ho'.ders. The trouble finally
culminated in a general and unex
peeled uprising, and rebellion, ex
tending through all the western and
central districts of the Island, with
which the Government was entirely
unprepared to cope, although the
insurgents were poorly armed and
undisciplined.
The recent uprising occurred in
the month of August last and gained
rapid headway, the insurgents seiz
ing all available horses; they were
not, however, equipped for warfare,
but threatened to destroy foreign
property in order to force American
intervention to depose the Palma
Government. fn this they were
eminently successful; the destruct
ion of Dritish railroad property had
already begun when the first United
States gunboat reached Havana, and
when the first blue jackets were
landed at Cienfuegos and sent to pro
tect American estates and British
railroad property, IJ'iiish subjects
hiid already appealed to their Gov
ernment for protection, and a Urii ish
fleet was assembling at Jamaica.
The property interests of Cuba
had gradually been passi.ig into
Spanish and foreign hands, since the
termination of the ten years' war in
1S77, but this process has been more
rapid since the Spanish-American
War (1893). Last year when there
vere 179 sugar estates in operation
in Cuba, which turned out nearly
1,200,1100 gross tons of sugar, only
70 of these estates were of Cuba
ownership and they produced about
33 per cent of the total crop. The
tobacco and cattle industries are in
much tiie same conditions. The
foreign interests are held by Spani
ards, American, English and Ger
mans, probably iu the order named;
these interests have no,voice in mat
ters of legislation.
The last census. if Cuba, 1899,
snoweu a total population ot some
1,572,000 of which about 500,000
were blacks, and over 090,000 or 45
per cent were illiterates; only 19,000
of the total population were clashed
as having a higher education, viz
could do more than read or write.
While education of the children lias
made good progress since the war, it
has not yet affected the status of the
voters. Universal suffrage without
qualification was granted by the
Cuban Constitution, and with the
native population rests the legisla
tive power, and the safety of all pro
perty interests'
Between these two factors stands
the obligation of the United States
under the Treaty of Paris and the
Piatt Amendment as a guarantee
for life and property of all classes
The United States has been forced
against her will, again to assume
charge to protect property and to
reotcre order. The property owners
of all classes would welcome annexa
tion, but do not suggest it, knowing
that this woulJ be opposed by the
masses in Cuba as well as by the
domestic sugar and other protected
interests in the United States. They
would, however,, readily agreo to a
continued Republican Government
under some form of protectorate
which would be guarantee against
future insurrections.
ihe lyiber.il party or its more
radical leaders is growing restive
under restraint and thveatens to
start another revolt if American oc
cupatkm is piolonged, while equally
hot headed leaders of the Moderate
party threaten to take to the woods
with their followers as soon as the
United States troops are withdrawn
There aro g ou and sensible men
connicted with both political partie
who would l.o , endorse such measures
but they exe: littln influence under
present conditions.
- Such is tin- status of Cuban affair
at the close of 1900. That the Unit
ed States wi'l look to the protectii
of property .nterests of all classes ou
the Island cannot admit of a doubt
and that something in the way of
tar i IT legislation will be t e 'ded in the
near future ts equally certain, If Culm
is to p osper industrially.
The altruistic sentiments embodied
the Tt Met- Amendment to the De
aration of War against Spain, re
ived the heai ty support of all
phihiul' .'to ) ists in the sugar produc
ir states of the Union. Pour years
iter, hnvjvcr, thete sume slates
mo.-1 vigorously, opposed tlir small
roiieimn in ouiy on iuM.in sugar
)iopoedin the nciprneity tr, aty
hich was so st ron.iiy u'-eed by the
ndniiiiist ratieu at Washington, and
hich was so vital to the interests of
the new Republic; this opposition
succeeded in delaying ratification of
the treaty for twelve months after
as signed, and then m ly consent-
d to the passage with the following
imendment to article right:
Provided that while this conven-
ou is in force no sugar unpolled
om the Republic of Cuba, and be-
CIIANGKsl IN' SOURCH OU SUGAR SUPPLY
IS96. CCIIVN INSI'RRIX'TION
Crop Supply
Domestic and Hawaiian, free,
Cuba, full duty.
Other foreign countries,
ConsunipUon
9o,ixio tons
960,000 tons
I904. KKClrUOCITV TKKATV
Crop Supply
Domestic and Colonial, free,
Cuba,
Oother foreign countries,
Consumption
767,000 tons
(67,000 tons
I906. THE I'RKSKST VKAR
Crop Supply
Domestic nnd Colonial, free,
Cuba,
Other foreign countries,
Consumption, estimated
,r5o,ooo tons
850,000 tons
otr Consumption per Willett & Gray's report. Supply domestic and Cuban,
based upon actual crops available, whether or not melted during the satisti
cal year. Philippine imports included in foreign.
With the changes in our sources of
supply, caused by our continued high
tariff, by the annexation of Tuerto Rico
and Hawaii, and the differential duty ac
corded to Cuba, the comppetition for the
United States markets ot Cuna witli e.er-
Pnerto Kico and Hawaiian sugar afloat gives
Cuba sugar - - - 3.o
Less duty - - 1 -35
Other foreign sugars - - 3. So
Less duty - - - 1.09
Formerly Germany fixed prices 011
sugar for the world, but under the condi
tions described, during the pressure of
the Cuban crop (from last January to
June while Cuban sugars came into com
petition with duty-free sugars, New ork
prices dropped so far below the parity of
Europe that Cuban producers lost nearly
all the differential duty, the benefit go
ing to consumers, (not to refiners) iu this
country.
To all appearances our importations of
foreign sugar, other than Cuban, will
soon end, and from that time, if domestic
md Cuban production keeps pace with
increased comsuption, as is anticipated,
a differential to Cuba, while protecting
her against other countries, will simply
reduce cost to consumers iu the United
States, and not otherwise benefit the
Cuban producer. The protection of even
the Cuban rate now gives the domestic
sugar producers so large a margin of pro
fit that they can well afford to drop prices
below Cuba's cost, in order to market
their goods.
The proposed admission of Philippine
sugar free, before tariff rates are reduced,
wuuld still further add to the domestic
supply by increasing the Philippine crop
The consumers of this country under
present tariff rates are payingoverf 1000,
000,000 for the protection of the protection
of the domestic sugar producers, of which
sum the government gets but little more
than half in the form of customs duties.
The following figures show consump
tion and revenue from sugar since 1S9H,
the Dingley act being in force since July
1S97. The first year after a change
of tariff being of little value for statistical
use it is not here given.
CONSUMPTION. KKVKM'K.
12 mos. to Dec. 31st. 12 mos. to June 30th.
199, 3,073,000 tons $61,596,000
19. jo, 2,219,000 tons 57,741,100
lyoi, 2,372,000 tons 63,040,1x10
190J1 2,500,000 tons 53,033,000
1903, 2,539,000 tons 63,930,0110
1904, 2,767,09010ns 58,152,000
1905, 2,632,000 tons 51,396,000
1906, 2,850,000 tous(estimated)52, 440,000
Consumption as shown in Willett
Gray's reports.
It will be noted that while consump
tion lias increased nearly Xoo.ooo tons
the revenue has materially diminish-
during the eight years, owing to increase
in the percentage of duty-free sugar en
tering consumption.
Domestic sugar in undoubtedly entitled
to a just aud reasonable protection; but
if any reason existed iu 1S97 for the high
schedule of the Diueley act, the need
has now passed, owing to improved met
hods of tnanufaccture which have reduc
ed Cost. While Cuba is dependent upon
her sugar industry and her only market
is in the United Sftites, her labor cost is
upon a hieher basis than in any of the
other foreigu sugar producing countries
ow ing to the restrictions placed upon her
by the United States. The Inland took
from us last year some f 46,000,000 in
merchandise mid is capable of taking
very much more if it prospers industrial
ly; au immediate reduction of duty is
perhaps impracticable, but the subject
ing the product of (he soil or indus
try of the Republic of Cuba, slrill be
admitted into the Uni'ed States a'
a reduction of duty greater thai,
twenty per i-i'iituin i f the rates of
duly thetfko'i as provided bv the
tariff act of the U..iti d Slatis ap
proved July 21, 1W)7, and no sugar,
I lie product, of any other foreign
country, shall be admitted by treaty
ur eonvi-ntioii into the United States,
while tl 1 is convention is in force at .1 low
er rate nf duty than that provided by the
tariff act of the United Slates approved
July ?4, 1S97."
The differentiil 111 favor of Cuba how
ever small, was at firrt of great benefit to
the Island, nearly all the difference of
duty going to the producer, but as do
mestic production and id so the Cuban
crop increased, the difference was grad
ually transfirred to the Ainincan con
sumer by the dropping of the duty paid
price in this country.
The following figures will illustrate
the changes in sugar supply ufthc United
States since 1S96:
Per Cent.
4Sii,ooo tons' 24
230.000 " 12
,2,Sl . K " 64
1 .wbo.ixMi tons im
Per Cent.
901, 000 tons 33
1,040,000 " 37
826,000 " 30
2,707,000 tons 100
Per Cent.
1,250,000 tons 4.1
i.i7.S,ooo " 41
4.13. 000 " 15
2,S5o,oo tons loo
many and Austria has practically ceased,
anil the competition now lies between
Cuba and our domestic and colonial
sugars. At the present time 96 test sugar
is worth in New York 3. Hoc per lb.
the seller
3.S0C. per lb.
" " - 2. 15c. "
" " - - 2.11c. "
should receive consideration in the
earlist tariff discussions at Washington.
It is not the purpose of this article to
suggest rates but rather to illustrate con
ditions. A very material reduction can
be made from the Dingley rates upon all
sugars, with a moderate differential in
favor of Cuba, under treaty provision
without endangering our domestic or
Colonial industry; and after the fust re
miction, tlie growtli ol consumption
might be expected to yield an increasing,
rather than the diminishing revenue
which will continue to be the case under
the present schedule.
1SY EDWIN r. ATKINSON, in tin-
Iuter-Natiou
Hunting in the Olympics.
The following account of a hunting
trip in the Olympic mountains will be
found of especial interest to the
people of the Territory as it Is writ
ten by Mrs. Laure Scott whoso hus
band, James Scott is the manager of
the Kihe: Plantation Company.
ItT, T , . .....
viiien 1 suceeeiieu in kibing my
hrst buck in the California hills seve
ral years, ago, I became a most en
Ihusiastic shot, since then succeeding
in getting many a goat and a deer
on "Hawaii ueis' " precipitous Muffs
lint 1 longeu 10 auu an elk Head or
T 1 ' . .1
bear-hide to my collection of trophies
so when my husband managed to take
a couple of months' vacation in the
summer of 1905, we decided to try
our luck m the Olympic mouutains
Washington. We left Hawaii August
llith, arriving at Port Angeles some
time in September. Here we pur
chased the necessary campoutlit and
provisions to last threw weeks, but
unfortunately we were informed when
taking out licenses that the elk sea
son was closed in Washington until
1013. This was most disappointii.
to us; how?ver, I hoped to get at
least a glimpse of a band of elk, and
that iny husband wot Id be successful
iu getting his bear I felt certain. Our
guide and companion, Mr. J. Sullivan j
of Vancouver, together with our two
little sons, took the stage which car
ried us safely to L.uko Crescent,
twenty three miles f-rrin Port Au
geles. Here we left tho boys at the
pleasant summer resort of Mr. and
Mrs. Ovington, where the joungsters
would get trout fishing to their
hearts' content, while we went on to
the end of the lake, where pack
horses awaited us. As the horses
were out, we eampetl here for the
night, starting on our thirly-mili!
ride the next nvjining at seven
o'clock, reaching tbe Sulduct Hot
Springs at four o'clock p. in., after
a most weary ride. As our luncheon,
which I had taken puius to put up,
had been forgotten at tho head of
iake Crescent, our starting point,
we had had nothing to eat all day,
so a very hungry quartette devoured
the bear steak sandwiches which we
managed to procure at the hot
springs. We ale the sandwiches on
tho way, as we were anxious to lose
no time, so as to be able to reach our
camping place before dark. Up, up
anted the weary horses, till finally
reached a smaller lake, and
although we were surrounded by
nothing but swamp lands, I insisted
upon making camp, as by ' this lime
it was seven o'clock p. tn. ond I was
00 exhausted to proceed any further.
t'he packer tamped with us that
night, taking the horses back to Ihe
lake next ntorning. We were too
tired and weary to let anything
awaken us, so did not hear the rain
pelting down during the night. How-
ever, when we awoke and saw the
owering clouds and sheets of rain,
ur spirits sank, for we realized that
the much-dreaded equinoctial gales
had started and our prospects for
hunting were slim.
Uriefty, we sat in camp watching
that rain pouring down for two lonjj
weeks. We promptly named tho
camp "Camp boak, add "Camp
Soak" it remained. There seemed to
be no let-up to it, so one morning wo
made up two packs, for each of the
men, and started out in the rain to
look for game. We tramped all day,
and although we saw several bear
signs, we did not come across any
bear, and saw nothing but a solemn
owl all day long. We slept in a divide
that night at the root of a large tree,
where we found a big hollow space
pretty dry. A roaring fire and a
hearty supper made us feel a little
better, but the continual rain was a
depressing feature of our hunt. Find
ing it still raining next morning, we
gave up trying to go any further,
deciding mutually to return, break
up camp, and leave for Lake Cres
cent again.
On our way we surprised a bear
and cubs, and although they were .
sowe two hundred yards ahead of us
on one of the slopes, we could see
them plainly, as tbe country beie
was pretty open. We all three fired
simultaneously, and much to try de-
light I hit one of the cubs, my hus
band getting the other. The mother
got away and showed do inclination
at all to fight for the cubs, much to
our surprise. The cubs seemed to
be yearlings, one a little larger than
the ether, pretty big to be following
the mother; still that may account
for her indifference to them. I was
anxious to follow up the mother, but
Jack Sullivan assured us her hide
would be worthless, besides perhaps
we would not be able to even get
sight of her. After firing she would
be miles off by this time, as we were
certait: none of the shots had touched
her.
We packed the cubs into carjp and
reveled in the fresh meut for supper
that night. Next day we broke up
camp, as it was still raining, leaving
the meat of the cubs at the springs,
where they were glad to get it. We
also left tent, cooking utensils, pro
visions, etc., there, taking with us
only what was necessary, for we
knew the streams would be swollen
after the constant rain of weeks.
Two campers from the hot springs
had spoken for horses, too, and as
there were only five altogether, two
being pack-horses, the odd horse fell
to me, while my husband, guide and '
packer had to foot it down to the
lake twenty miles from the springs
in the pouring rain. Half way down
we reached the first crossing of the
Solduck and found the river swollen
by the constant two weeks' rain to a
raging torrent at least 200 feet wide.
Here the question arose, how was I
to cross? The men found a crossing
higher up on fallen, mossy, slippery
logs. IJut when I saw these wind
falls I realized I could never foot it
on them, and keep my balance with
the seething waters beneath so de
cided to stick to my horse, who for.
tuntely proved to be a splendid, sure
fooled animal. My husband made me
promise not to make a s.tart until he
reached the other side. The packer,
pack horses and I waited until we
aw the four men uppear on the
other shore. As soon as Mr. Scott
appeared, he started to strip oft
coat, vest and boots, so as to be
unhampered to plunge ia after me
should my horse lose his footing. I
must admit my heart stood still as
my horse, after a great deal of urg
ing, plunged iu and the waters closed
over the saddle. Had I been ham
pered whh skirts I could never have
stuck on, but iny plucky steed pluug-
I ed and swum, while 1 rolled all over
. 4
V
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