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THE MAUI NEWS, FRIDAY, ArRIL 20, 1917. FIVE Timely Farm Hints No. S. By F. G. KRAUSS, Supt. Haiku Extension Division, Hawaii Experiment Station BEANS! How to Grow Beans for Home and Market. A valuable food crop eminently suit ed for planting between newly plant ed sugar cane and pineapples rows. Types And Varieties Dwarf or bush type These can be grown closely together and do not re quire support. They mature earlier than the pole or trailing varieties, and are possibly more wind and drought resistant, but do not bear as heavily as do the tall growing varieties. The best known types of these beans are the green-podded and wax-podded varieties, which are grown for "snap short:;, the pods being gathered when youns and tender, broken and cut in to short lengths, and boiled for the table. Standard varieties of the green podded bush bean succeeding in Ha waii are Burpees Stringless Green Pod, Canadian Wonder and Refugee or "1000 to 1." Of the yellow or -wax-podded type Improved Golden Wax, Prolific Black Wax, Davis White Wax and Ventura Wonder Wax, will usu ally give satisfaction. Bush beans may be planted in rows eigtheen Miches to three feet apart, depending whether they are to be cultivated in beds by hand or wheel hoe, or in field culture by horse imple ments. The seed should be dropped four to six inches apart in the row, closer planting is undesirable.A pound of seed will plant about 100 feet of row. B0 pounds will plant an acre under field culture. Varieties suitable as dry or shell beans may also be had in the dwarf or bush form. Typical varieties are the Maui Red, Calico and small white navy extensively grown in the Kula region on Maui, Lady Washington Is an improvement over the small white navy. The small white Tepary is perhaps more drought resistant than any other bean thus far introduced. California Bayo beans are of semi running type and thrive in some sec tions in Hawaii. Pinks and Red Mex ican are somewhat similar to the Bayo type. Red Kidney is also an old stand ard shell bean. All the above varieties are worthy of trial for growing on a commercial scale for export or local consumption. They would be especi ally well adapted for inter-cropping with newly planted cane and pineap ples. Stress should be laid at this time upon the available resources of the sugar and pineapple plantations for growing food crops' In case of emrg ency. The inter space, averaging about five feet between the rows of newly planted cane and approximately from four to six feet between newly plant ed pineapples, will often adapt itself admirably for planting single or double rows of beans and similar crops. Aside from the cost of seed. For Sale at Leading Markets and Grocers Hawaii TVleot Co,, Ltd Sole Distributors Territory of Hawaii. planting and harvesting, comparativ ely little expense will be entailed for the extra tillage. The bush or dwarf types of beans are preferable for such inter-croppings since the tendrels of the trailing varieties might interfere with the main crop. Pole or running beans may be had in the various types named under bush beans. In fact many of the bush form have sported from the tall varieties. The season of growth and fruiting is longer in the tall varieties. They bear proportionally heavier, and the pods are easier picked when the plants are supported on poles or trellises. Sup porting the vines is of course an add ed expense and may not be pratable on a large scale. In growing dry shell ed beans of the trailing type on a commercial scale, they are not sup ported, but the vines are cut, cured and the beans thrashed direct from the vines. Pole beans require a richer soil than the shallow rooted quick matur ing bush sorts. It will usually pay to manure and fertilize heavily unless the soil is already very fertile. Standard varieties of pole beans succeeding well over a wide range under Ilawalfan conditions are Ken tucky Wonder or Old Homestead, de servedly one of the most popular ear ly green-podded snap pole beans. Listed by all seedsmen and seed al ways available at a reasonable price. A white seeded form of the Kentucky Wonder has recently been Introduced and has given good satisfaction to the writer.either as a snap or shelled bean Lazy Wife is another superior green- podded pole variety, but matures much later than the Kentucky Wond er. It bears white seed which makes it desireable for dry shell beans. Ken tuck Wonder Wax is one of the few satisfactory pole wax beans. Pole beans should be given at least twice the space allotted to the bush type. Correspondingly less seed is needed. Lima beans may be had in dwarf or climbing type. Burpee's introduc tions of Improved Bush and Forhcook Bush are very large seeded ana or superior quality. Dreer's Bush or Kumerle is a smaller seeded than the Burpee type. Very prolific, but not suited to wet localities because of pods being close to ground. Should be well suited to rather dry sandy soils. Henderson's Bush Lima is the earliest lima bean we have tested. Appears to stand adverse conditions better than either of the above. Bush limas develop at least a month earlier than the pole varieties. How ever, all types of limas beans are gross feeders, and require a rich soil to mature large crops. It Is a good plan to plant bush limas several Beeds in a hill, hills set about 2 feet apart each way. Pole limas are the parents of all the bush types. They are characteriz ed by their rank growth and are often very prolific in seed bearing. The comparatively small seeded and early Sleva or Butter bean of the South suc ceeds well in Hawaii. The larger white limas are often shy bearers. However, King of the Garden, Early Leviathan and Aggler & Musser's "MonstrouB," have given good satis faction. (Although classed as of bush type by the Introducers, the latter variety has proved of running type in BUY 6 BEST CANNED MEATS our trials.) e have found dropping two or three seeds per hill, hills set foilr by four feet apart, about right for field culture. If polled in the home garden about the same distances are recom mended. About 25 pounds of lima beans will be required to plant an acre of above distances. The very large seeded varieties will germinate better if the 'eye' is turned downward in planting. Soils and climate best suited for beans The "Kula" (Maui) deep, light silty soils have proved ideal for commercial growing of shell beans, and the most extensive areas devoted to the bean crop are to be found in that region. The dry climate has also doubtless much to do with the suc cess attained in Kula. The warm dry climate of the plains region about Pa ia and Puunrne on Maui, where the soil is also of a silty nature although much heavier than at Kula, is also well suited for bean culture when wat er is available for irrigation. In gen eral it may be said that light loamy soils are best for beans. The crop will not tolerate cold or wet, soils or climate beans should be planted to two inches in depth, light dry soils re quire deep planting, heavy moist so;'s shallow planting, otherwise the seod will rot, and it Is useless to plant under such conditions. Dependent Upon Soil And Moisture Conditions Bush beans mature their seed in 50 to 90 days, except some varieties of limas which require longer. Edible snap beans may often be picked in less than fourty days when conditions are, favorable. Running varieties re quire a much longer season for growth. Some of the pole limas re quiring six months to mature a full crop. The soil should be well prepared for beans. Deep and thorough tillage, in the process of which large quantities of organic matter should be incorpor ated with the soil. If green manuring is practiced the green crop should be plowed under some months before the seed is sown. If manure is used It should be well rotted before being applied to the land, or the land left lay for a month before planting. Dis charrow the land to destroy weeds and thoroughly mellow the soil before planting. It will often pay to use commercial fertilizers in the plant row. Not more than 300 pounds per acre of a high grade fertilizer rich in phosphates is recommended. Bone meal makes an excellent base and the nitrogen should preferably be in the form of blood or some other quickly available organic form. Planting is best done with a one or two horse bean cultivator. Such ma chines do accurate and rapid planting when rightly handled. Shallow cultivation should be regul ar and continuous. Where irrigation is practiced care should betaken not to water to excess as it causes excessive leaf growth at the expense of pod and seed. Cultiva tion after each irrigation if possible. It conserves moisture and stimulates growth. The bean crop will not thrive in ex posed, windy locations, but require a warm, sheltered position. As an in CUD AH ter-crop with young corn, cane, etc. it finds ideal conditions. But shade is very dot l enient al as it causes the plants to become drawn and spindly. Owing to the quick maturity of some varieties, they lend themselves ad mirably as a catch crop. Beans are also well fitted to rotate with other crop:-, such as corn and potatoes. The crop rarely requires artificial inocculation under Hawaiian condi tions. However, the bean crop has a number of enemies. The cutworm is especially troublesome some years This post is best combatted with pois- onoU Dait. have found that 3 pounds Paris green or an equal amount of white arsenic thoroughly mixed with one bag bran and one bag middlings, or cheap flour, the whole to be moistened with a pullon of molas sas, previously thinned with three or four gallons of water, if spread along side the plant rows and excellent rem edy. The amount rpeclfled is sufficient for two applications on an acre. Whore the bosn rust is prevalent the Pordoauv mixture appears to be helpful. Snap beans must be harvested when young. For family use thy may be picked when very young and tender, but !'" sb 'pinont tboy shou'd be well filled out ,md firm to prevent exces sive wiltinrr. Careful attention to picking will greatly prolong the grow ing season. If wanted for dry shell beans, close watchfulness is necessary not to harv est before the majority of the pods are ripe, nor to wait until the pods be gin to shatter their seed. Dwarf vari eties are best pulled 'roots and all' and spread on sheets to dry. Heavy vino varieties are best cut close to the ground and when reasonably dry they may be stacked for further curing. Thrashing may be done by flail, tramping out by horses or by machine thrashing. A small thrasher capable of handling a ton or two of seed daily can be bought for about $200.00. A six horse-power engine will be requir ed to operate it satisfactorily. For extensive plantings such as might be undertaken by sugar planta tions larger outfits would be practical. For home use the mature pods may be picked by hand as they ripen. While somewhat tedious .this method insures the maximum yields. The safe storage of beans is some what of a problem in Hawaii. The bean wcaval is very prevalent and un less kept under control is sure to bring about heavy losses. We have found an air tight structure built of tongue and groove lumber and lined with tarred felt roofing, quite satisfactory as a fumigating chamber. A space 5' X 5' X 5' will readily hold 20 one hundred pound bags of beans. A half pound carbon bisulphate ap plied monthly we have found effective in preventing weavel infection. To bring the highest market price, dry shell beans should be well cleaned and if necessary hand sorted. Cull beans and bean straw make ex cellent feed for work mules, cattle and swine. Large quantities of all these by-products have been fed at the Hai ku Sub-Station with eminent success. Y'S Emergency Agricultural Information A Revised Select List of Vegetable Varieties and Food Crops for Ha waiian Conditions. Also Dati on Amount of Seed Required for Plant ing. (Only the more Important reasonably early maturing vege tables are here considered. For com plete cultural directions and other useful data apply to Extension Divi sion, Hawaii Experiment Station, U. S. Dept. of Agrl., Haiku, Maul, or Honolulu, Hawaii.) BEANS, (Crop matures in about 50 to 90 days). Bush 1 pound per 100 foot row; f0 pounds per acre. (Dist. x 3') Green-Podded :String'ess Green Pod, Canadian Wonder, Early Refugee. Yellow-Podded: Improved Golden Wax, Prolific Black Wax, Davis White Wax. Pole pound per foot row; -10 j..ounds per acre. (Dist. 1V4' x 3') Green and Wax-Podded: Kentucky Wonder or Uld Homestead. Ken tui'ky Wonder Wax, White Crease bark. Lima 1 pound per 100 foot of row; 50 pounds per acre. (Dist. ' x 3') Bush: Burpee's Improved, Dreer's Bush or Kumerle, Henderson' Bush. Pole: King of the Garden, Early Leviathan. Dry or Shelled pound per 100 foot row; 40 pounds per acre. (Dist. x 3') The following varieties of beans are well adapt ed to intercropping with newly planted sugar cane or pineapples. Approximately half the amount of seed recommended above will be required when planted between 5 foot rows of cane or about two thirds as much when planted be ween the more closely set pine apples. Bush: Maul Reds, Calicos, Small White Navy, Lady Washington or Large Navy, White Tepary (for dryest localities), Bayo, Pink, Red Kidney, Mexican Red, Broad Windsor, Henderson Bush Lima, Lewis Lima. POTATOES, (Crop matures in about 50 to 100 days). Plant 1' x 3', 5 pounds per 100 foot row, 500 pounds per acre. Varieties: American Wonder, Tri umph, Early Rose, Burbank's. SWEET POTATOES, (Crop matures in 4 to 7 months). Plant 1' x 3', 100 plants per 100 foot row, 10,000 plants per acre. Varieties: New Era, Kauai or Me- dera, or any other good Hawaiian varieties. STOCK BEETS, CARROTS, ETC., (Crop matures in 4 to 6 months). Plant 1' x 3', 2 ounces of seed per 100 foot row, 8 pounds per acre. Mangel Wurzel: Mammoth Long Red, Golden Tankard. Sugar Beets: White Sugar Rose Top. Carrots: (carrots require half the amount of seed as of boots). Long Orange, Large White Belgian, Danvor's Half Long (The latter is excellent for stock or table use.) FIELD CORN, (Crop matures in 100 to 1G0 days). Plant 1' x 4', 8 to M pounds per acre. Varii tlos: Ninety pay or Early Yel low Dent, Kin-: of the I'arlios for minimum moisture rorditions and warm sectioiiS, l.artre Y How Pont (Park r Ranch. Yellow Dent), Reed's Yellow I lent. Cold, 'ii Lean ing for intermediate zone, "Kula." seed corn f.ir hUzh altitudes. COW TEAS. (Suitable for man or stock Crop mature in 1"0 to 150 days). Plant 1' x '. T.o pounds per acre. Varieties: (he.ivy seeding) Groit, Rico, Gul'ivan'. (the l:i't two are especially suio d for human eon-t-uinption : - !ieay filia::r,l) Brab ham, Iron, Whippnorwlil. A Select List cf Pacific Coast Seeds men C. C. Morse Co., .13 Front St., San KranrNi j. C"nl. Vegetables and agricultural f.vm fo i'j generally. Extorsive glow tb rs well as dial- rs. II .'Iha 11 Seed Co. ;:,s Market St., tan rn.nri.-co, Cal.- Ccirrril. Calf. Soe-l Co, ; Market St.. Francisco, I'r.l.-- (ienenil. Pan Chas. C. Navlot Co., I'll So. 1st St., Snn Jose. Cal. General. Eprler & Musscr Seed Co., Sixth and Alameda St ., 1os Angeles, Cal. General: beans, farm crops, etc. Germain Seed Ac Plant Co., n2G-32S-3no So. Main St., Ia.s Angeles, Cal. General. Valley Seed Co., BOS-Klu J St., Sacra mento, Cal. General: certified seed potatoes, etc. Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal. Vegetable and farm crop specialties. Portland Seed Co., Portland, Ore. General; seed potatoes, and field crops. Chas. II. Lilly Co., Seattle, Wn. Gen eral vegetable and field crops. For seed stocks of vegetables, and agricultural crops such as alfalfa, forage grasses, corn, etc. available in Hawaii at this time, address: Exten sion Division, Hawaii Experiment. Sta tion. U. S. Dept. of Agri., Haiku, Maui, or Honolulu, T. II. Note The above list Is the most reliable that could be compiled at this time. Parties knowing of other re liable seed firms will confer a favor to the Extension Division by reporting same immedialey. MAUI BOOKSTORE BOOKS, STATIONERY NEWS DEALERS Hawaiian Views and Post Cards Souvenir-Jewelry Koa Novelties Fine Candies The CoroNA is the lightest, handiest type writer made. Weighs alone, 6 lbs. Weighs with traveling case, 84 lbs. Universal keyboard TRICE $50. HAWAIIAN HEWS CO., LTD. Bishop St. Honolulu General Auto Repairing House, Ltd. JAMES N. L. FAUFATA U. S. License Engineer Proprietor General Repairing to Gaaollns Engines, Generators, Batteries, Selfstarters, Etc. Market St. Walluku, Maul Phone 1692. FJ WAILUKU, MAUI WAILUKULAHAINA AUTO SERVICE Cars leave Market street, Waihiku, daily, about noon. Leave Lahaina, 8:00 A. M. daily. Good Comforable Cars Careful Drivers Uchida Auto Stand Phone I 772