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Vol. XIX. HONOLULU, JUNE 28, 1862. No. 9. PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT HONOLULU, Hawaiian Islands. Abraham Pomander, Editor. Dusincss CcirDs. chas. Mm bishop. VH. A. ALDBICH. BISHOP &, CO.. BANKEES, Oflee ! the Eai ccrarr f,Makrc,i Block,' Kaahnmaasi afreet, Honalnla. Draw Bill of Kxchange on Messrs. Grinnell, Minturn A Co., New lork; Henry A. Peirce, r.sq.. boston ; and Jlessrs. Morgan, Stone It Co., an Francisco. Will receive deposits. Discount first class business paper, Attend to collecting, Ac. Ac. Ae. S-tf W.A.AIJrith. J.S. Walker. S.C..tlIcn. ALDRICH, WALKER & Co., Importers and OommifEion Merchants Dealers in General Merchandise, and Agents lor tne tile ol island rroduce. ALSO Agents for the Lihue, Metcalf, and Prince ville Plantations. 86-ly. JOHN THOMAS WATERHOUSE, Importer and Dealer in General Merchan dise, Honolulu. II. I. REFERENCES. His Ex. R. C. Wyllie, B. P. Snow, F.-q., C. A. Williams A Co., Chas. Brewer, Esq., Wilcox, Richards A: Co.,. . Dimond A on,. .......... Thos. Spencer, Esq........ H. Dickinson, Esq., B. Pitman, Esq., HcRuer 4c Merrill, C. W. Brooks ic Co., ...... G. T. Law ton, Ksq., ...... Tobin. Bros. A Co Field it. Rice, ......... ....... ......... Honolulu. do , do do do do , Hilo. .........................Lahaina. San Francisco. ..................... do do ...................... do do do do ..f-276 lvl do do , New York. 8HUMAX PECK. CHAS. B. IX ST. C. BREWER & CO. Commission and Shipping' Merchants., Honolulu, Oahu, II. I. REFER TO Joa M. Hood, New York. James Hckrewcix, Esq., ) Cff.ai.Ks Bkwii, Esq., V Boston. H. A. Piebce, Esq., ) Nimii. McRieb A Miaaiix. J Chas. Wolcott Baooas, Esq., Mcti as. Y. Pibtac A. Co., Hongkong. Hum. Peele, Uciiiu, A Co.. Manila San Francisco. SO-tf MELCIIERS k CO., Importers and Commission .Merchants Stone Store, Kuhsmui Street, Corner Merchant, AGENTS FOR THE Hamburgh-Bremen Fire Insnrance Company; Pioneer Flour Mills, San Francisco; Pale of Asegut A. Reinhfcrdt's salt beer; Sale ot sugar, molasses and other Hawaiian produce. Consignments respectfully solicited, and all orders from the i i i .i - . i.. OUST. C. MELCHERS, Bremen; J. v. nu.ati, iionoiuiu; IS-tf F. A. SCHAEFER, Honolulu. JANION, GREEN & CO., Commission IHercljants, Tire Proof Buildings, Queen Street, HONOLULU. OAIIU. S. I. 52-tC B. F . SNOW, DEALER IN GENERAL MERCHANDISE, Honolulu, Oahu, II. I. H. TOW HOLT, C. TH. HECCE. Von HOLT & IIEUCK, General Commission MercliaiiU, Hoaolala.Oaha.S. I 354 f II. II ACKFELD & CO, General Commission Agents, Hoaolola. Oaks, K. I. 35-tf IlK'L. . CASTLE. AMOS S. COOEE. CASTLE & COOKE, Importers & Wholesale and Retail Dealers in General Merchandise. A test tm for Pr. Jaye'o Mesllclsieo. C. BREWER 2d, General Merchant and Agent for the sale of the products of the Brewer Plantation. n-ij A. S. GRINBAUM &, Co., Importers, and Wholesale and Retail Dealers to FASHIONABLE CLOTHING. HATS. CAPS, BOOTS and SHOES ! - And every variety of Gentlemen's superior Furnishing Goods. Store in Hakee's Block, formerly occupied by W. A. AN drich. Esq, fronting on Queen street, Honolulu, Oahu. JOHN RITSON, DEALER EK 1VIXES, SPIRITS, ALE & PORTER. I4tf Honolulu. WM. WEBSTER, Land Agent to His Majesty. Omce lm Ike Ki' Garden, Beritai GODFKCY RHODES, WHOLESALE DE ALEE IB WINES and SPIRITS. ALE and PORTER, 41 Near the P t-OtBee. Hooll ftf SAM 'Is H. DOWSETT, LUMBER MERCHANT, WO! farnUh Building Material of erery description, at low rOrdert from other Islands solicited. Yard on corner of Fort and Queen streets. GEORGE G. HOWE. Lumber Merchant, UaaerTard Cerarref Qaf md Xmm" Sis obi the Pachr f re ii !. J4 u UTAI & A II EE, Wholesale Merchants, AND Agents for the Aiko and Iwo Sugar Plan tations, Hilo, Hawaii S3 KIXG STREET. HONOLULU. tf C. II. LEWERS, Lumber and Building Materials, Fort sc. Honolulu. 14-tf D . H. FLITN E R . COXTIXUES bis old businesa At the n.w store on Kaahamaaa street. Chronometers Baud by observations of the sun and stars wnn a iran.ii niniiiir.i.""'-"v j ... a t 11 1 I .- D..4iiil.r Itlftnlm. lo in. usnaiaa w nuHwioiy. ....-- : given to line watch repairing. Sextant and quad rant glasses silvered and adjusted. Charts and Nautical instruments constantly on band and lor SAle. 28-tf W. FISCHER, Cabinet Maker and "French Polisher, Hotel street, ooooslto the Coveraaweat flows 46-M Business Carus. THOMAS SPENCER, SHIP CHANDLER, DEALER IX GEXERAL MERCHANDISE, Island Produce, Ac, Ac, and ....Commission Merchant, BYRON'S BAY, HILO, II. I. Will keep constantly on hand, an extensive assortment of every description of goods required by Ships and others. C7 The highest price paid for Island Produce. JOT Money advanced for Bills of Exchange at reasonable rates. 41 tf CALIFORNIA LLOYDS. MARINE INSURANCES. OFFICE, Southwest corner or Washington and Battery Streets. THE CXPERSIGXED ARE PREPARED TO issue "Marine Iusurance Policies," each being responsible for the sum written on the Policies against his own name only, and for himself and not for others or any of them. Jobs' Piaaorr, Geokoe C. Johsso. N. Lc.mno. James I'hixas, Lafatettb Matnako, James DoARrc, William E. Bakkos, James Otis, James B. Haggis, J. MuRA M03i ALDRICH, WALKER A. CO Agents, Honolulu, M. I. 51 tf F. S. PRATT & Co., Importers asd Wholesale Dealers is WINES, SPIRITS, MALT LIQUORS, TOBACCO and CIGARS, HOXOIXLI', S. I. HEFER BY PERMISS10X 5 O Messrs. C. A. Williams k Co., " Wilcox, Richards A. Co..... C. Brkwer 2d. Esq...................... .Honolulu. A.J. Cartwrigut, EiWj...... ...... J. D. Richards k Sons, ...Boston, U. S. . San Francisco. . . . Salem, 17. H. II. Webster c Co........ J. Spalding, Eso. GEORGE CLARK, BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURER! Hotel Street, between Nuuanu and Mauna Kea Sts. CHUNG HOON, WHOLESALE & RETAIL MERCHANT, Importer of China and other Goods; dealer in Sugars, Molass es, Coffee, Rice, Fungus, Ac. On King street, next door to Messrs. Castle k Cook. 49y Chas. F. Guillou, 1Z. D., LATE Sl'RGEOV UNITED STATES XAVY Late Coaanlor Pbysiciaa lo American Seatnea, AND GENERAL PRACTITIONER. OFFICE center of Kaakumauu mnd -Merchant streets Residence at Dr. rYood'i mansion, Hotel street. jT Office hours from 11 A. M. to 2 P. M., at other hours inquire at his residence. 20-tf R. E. WAKEMAN. Contractor of Building and Jobbing. ALSO Wheelright, Carriage Making and Repairing. King street, Honolulu, opposite tne city niarKet. 43 tf B. F. EHLERS, DEALER IX DRY GOODS, SILKS, &c. FORT STREET, HONOLULU. My J. O'NEILL, Painter, Paper-Hanger, &c. Opposite Lewis k Norton's Cooperage, King St. SO U BTJRRZI.Z., SUCCESSORS TO GEORGE V. MACV, Will coniinue the General Merchandise and Shipping busi ness at the above port, where they are prepared to fur nish the justly celebrated Kawaihae Potatoes, and such recruits as are required by Whale Ships, at the shortest notice and on the mwt reasonable terms. a it J. WORTH, AUCTION & COMMISSION MERCHANT, AND DKAL,fcK. IX OEUEHAL IVTERCHAUDISE. pr Ships supplied with Recruits and money advanced on Bills of Exchange. HILO, Hawaii. 3 J CALIFORNIA lUTUAL MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, SAIt FttAXCISCO. 1 Agents for the above "ConJy, beg leave to inform the pUDUC Uiai uiej r C ouw ir7inra;vj w MARIXE IXSCKAJfCE POLICIES On cargo, freight and treasure to all parts of the world. Honolulu, Aug. 21, 18CL 17-tf fJlIIE Cargo of the barkentlne Const! tuUon,T NOW L A NDirsICa, CONSISTINQ OF 40.000 feet tongued and grooved Boards, 3d,(MX) feet assorted Boards, 100,000 feet assorted Scantling, 7,000 five feet pickets. 50,000 Cedar Shingles. For sale by 23 tf GEO. G. HOWE. Sisterhood of the Sacred Hearts. HONOTjTJTjIJ, Tort St., near the Catholic Church. THE FOURTH ANNUAL. SESSION of this Institution will commence on August id, 1Si2. Voung Ladies of every religious denomination will be admit ted, provided it be previously agreed that they will conform to the general regulations of the house. ,. The course or Education tor ooiruc w , Writing, Grammar, Composition, Elocution, Arithmetic, Geog. raphy, use of Globes, History (sacrea ana proiane.vnronoiugj, Mythology, Logic, French and German Languages. Book-Keep, tng. Music (Vocal and Instrumental), Drawing, Painting, and 11 kinds of Fancy Needle-Work. The Sisters being aware that all education is Impel feet without the knowMge of the Law of God, will devote themselves with the mast sedulous care, to the religious Instruction of their Catho :. ..n;t. .ithmit neirleetina to inculcate in the minds of the others the general principles of Christian morality. The most conscientious attention will be given to form their manners and to train them np to habits of order, neatness and industry. The diet will be wholesome anu aounuani. Th. h.lth nf the nnnils will be the object of constant and ma- tornal solicitude, and at all times they will be under the immedi ate auperintendanoe of their teachers. TERMS. B0AEJJ ft T Uri'lOU, per Quarter of Twelve Weeks, S45. Music, Drawing, Painting, German Language, and Artificial Flowers, will form extra charges. taT No extra Ctiarge lor me rrcutn unpc. Payments to be made quarterly in advance. Persons residing a distance are requested to have responsible agent in thecity fNo redoeti'on made In ease of children being withdrawn before the expira;ion of the quarter. Tuesdays and Saturdays will be the appointed days for parents to visit their children. . , On the first Saturday of each month the Boarder will be al lowed to go out with their parents or guardians, but never with any other, without a written permission from said P;"u J guardians. They must return to the establishment before o'clock, P. M., the same day. Postage, stationery, washing and mending. Doctor reee ana medicines, will be chargeable lo the parents. For further particulars, application may be made to sister Maaia JobsfHa. 40 r .foreign bocrtisnnnit. CBAS. WOLCOTT BHOOKS, W. FKAKK LAOD, IDWABO T. BALL, JB CHAS. W. BROOKS & Co., MllM JlLllUllll Uk3i 123 SAKTSOME St., SAX FRANCISCO, CAL,. X.V Particular attention given to the purchase, shipment and sale of Merchandise, to forwarding and transhipment of goods, the chartering and sale of vessels, the supply-ing of whaleships, and the negotiation of Exchange. JOT EXCHANGE ON HONOLULU in sums to suit. ADVANCES MADE OX CONSIGNMENTS. REFER TO B. F. Ssow Honolulu. C. Baawaa A Co., ............ ....... ..... " J. S. Walkkb, " II. Hacifeld A Co., B. Pit,, Ililn. JtmiHcRiitwiLL, Boston. Haxav A. Priir.'i, Chas. Riiwii, " Thayer, Bhigiiax It Firld...... " Fr-rrox k Co. New York. Swift A Au.es N. Bedford. 33 tf D. C. McRUER, J. C. MERRILL. McRUER & MERRILI AND AUCTT03 AGENTS OF THE REGULAR DISPATCH LINE HONOLULU PACKETS Particular attention paid to forwarding and transhipment of merchandise, sale of whalemen's bills, and other exchanre, in surance of merchandise and specie under open policies, supply ing whaleships, chartering ships, etc. 117 and 119 California-street. SAX FRANCISCO Cal. REFER TO Messrs. D. C. Watkbm a A Co., .......Honolulu " Kbewteb k Co., " Capt. B. F. Ssow " A P. Pinttr Ran. Mf. Gilma!i k Co.,....- B. PiTA..Esq .Lahaina. .Hilo. 123-tf A. P. EVERETT, nil iii VICTORIA, V. I. REFERENCES :. Messrs. McRcfb k Mekkill, " C. W.IIroiies A Co , His Ex. R. C. vvtlme B. F. Ssow. Esq. Messrs. Aldbich. Waleeb k Co., 4 tf .San Francisco. .Honolulu. II. I. RICE Ac Co., Shipping and Commission Merchants, DEALERS IN SHIP CHATwDLT.'RTT.S, &c, HAKODADI, JAPAN, "ITfllil. ATTEND TO THE mi lea mf Merchnn- dise, as also to the purchase and shipment of all kiml9 of Goods exported from that country. Mr. KIl.'E is the Commer cial Agent for the United States at that port, and having already resided there for about five years, is enabled by his acquaintance with the country, to offer many advantages in the discharge of any business that may be entrusted to their House. REFER TO Ws. T. Colemas It Co., New Tork, Johx H. Aldkicu, Esq.,........... " I. Howlasd, Jb., Il Co., New Bedford. Charles Sctddkb It Co., .. Boston. Aldes Sampsos, Esq.,... .......... Augusta, Me. Richabo I). Rice, E.q , " McCosdbt A Co., ..- . San Francisco, Cal. C. Wolcott IIbooes It Co., " D. C. Watebmas a: Co., Honolulu, S. I. Aldbich, Waleeb k Co., - " 49 tf MESSRS. C. A. FLETCHER & CO. COMMISSION MERCHANTS GEXERAL AGENTS HAKODADI, JAPAN, BEG TO INFORM OWNERS AND MASTERS OF SHIPS about to visit the port of Hakodadi, that they are prepared to take Consignments and do business on the usual terms. fff" Bv arrangements with Home Insurance Offices, Messrs. FLETCHER A CO. can take risks cn Oil, or other shipments of Produce hence. Hakodadi, Yesso, Japan. 4th July, IS59. 18 tf CHARLES BREWER, COMMISSION MERCHANT, Bsiltn, L". S. 35 tr XT Referto R. W. Wood and C. Bitwii 2d. WM. FAULKNER &, SON, 131 SAX SOME STM SAX FRANCISCO, GEST FOR JAMES CO.VXEU & SONS, C. S. l Type Foundrv.and Dealers In all kinds of Printing Materials. Printers w'ill find it to their advantage to call on us be ore purchasing. ly On Sale ; EX RECENT ARRIVALS! rpHE FOLLOWING CHOICE ASSORTMENT OF GROCEU- X IES, at the store of the undersigned : Preserves Fresh apples do quinces do peaches, do Pears Raspberry jam Cranberry jam Strawberry do, Ac, Ac, Ac Mince meals Page Sweet savory Summer savory Curry powder Ground cassia do black pepper Whole do Pimento Ground cloves do ginger Cream Tartar 8. C. Soda Fresh oysters do i. sters Sardines Kreticn capers English pickles do pie fruit! do sauces do mustard French mustard iltops iSoan Tins of water, butter, sugar, oyster, soda and wine crack era Smoked hams do herrings Best Oolong tea Preserved salmon Green corn Crushed sugar Loaf do fr-h raisini Haxall flour Ac. Ac. Ac. 1 ..i nrrmnts in tins X.B. Fresh IsImskI Batter aaid Grwsjnd Cwfle lrnyasi haw A. 17 tf H. McINTYRE. 100 BARRELS ONLY ON HAND ! Of the well known KAUAI PACKED BY E. KRULL, at Kealia. For sale by 83tf Vo HOLT A HECCK, Corner Fort and Merchant streets. NOTICE. ALL PERSONS ARE HEREBT NOTIFIED THAT THl privilege of gathering Pulu, Fungns and Arrowroot on all the Government lands on the Island of Hawaii (with the excep tion of those lands which may be sold or leased during the con tinuation of this privilege), has been tnis day granteu w Mr i r n.rria L KAMlHAMtH A. f' Harris. Home Department, 30th July. 1859. 15 tf liU.ll.ll I it coiiiiissi mm 1 PIT BEEF buerttscmcnts. BOOK & JOB Printing Office! ABRAHAM F0EM1IR, BOOK AND JOB PRINTING IN EVERY VARIETY" OT STYLE, Executed promptlj' and neatly ON THE MOST FAVORABLE TERMd. WE HAVE A MOST VARIED assortment of material appertaining to a complete Printing Office, and we would particularly call the attention of our friends and the public generally, to our large and beautiful assortment of Plain, Orna mental and Illuminated And Plain and Fancy NOTE and other Papers, which those desiring a really good article, neatly printed, are especially invited to call and examine. POSTERS, BILL, HEADS, , BLANKS, i BILLS LADING, CONSULAR BLANKS, BLANK RECEIPTS, BUSINESS CARDS, IaDDRESS CARDS, CIRCULARS, j BILLETS. In fact, any kind of Printing, either Plain or Ornamental, on any quality of Stock that may be desired, on terms as rea sonable and in a style equal to anything ever executed in Honolulu. Our specimen books are open to the inspection of the Public, who are respectfully invited to call and examine for themselves. SET. B. All kinds or FANCY PRINTING in Colors and in Bronze, done wi care and in a style not to be surpassed on'.these Islands. JUST RECEIVER! BEST FA MILT COTTOXS J American Prints (as9l'd patterns,) Ladies Congress Boots, Calf do. " Buff do, " Jenny Liud do, P. R. Denims. Extra heavy Tickings, Fancy Ribbons, Black and colored Silk Velvets, Lining Cambrics, Ladies' and Gent's Linen and Silk Handkerchiefs, Pup'r assortment of Neck Ties, American Saddles and Bridles, Ac , Ac. 50 tf A. S. CLEG HORN. Boots and Shoes. 0 F BEST German and French manufacture, Gent's calf Hoots. Riding Boots, " calf fhoe, different patterns and make, " 44 Congress Gaiters, M " Elastic Ties, " Patent Leather do do, ' Lasting Gaiters, Strong and comfortable Boots and Shoes for mechanics. For sale by 33 Vos HOLT k IIEUCK. HAIKU SUGAR COMPANY! The undersigued offer for sale the fc!u.v.i mil II 4!iwvi.jT licii emu .laiJiuv. Of their FIRST CHOP, now corn ins in! ED. HOFFSCHLAEGER A STAPENHORST, 83 tf Agents H. S. CO. Sugar and Molasses! PROM the IAhae Plantation. For fale ty r March 29, 162. aldricu, walker a Co. 4d Peanut Oil! Peanut Oil! ritlHS OIL ran be used for any kind of Lamps, 1 burns with a white and brilliant light, rad emits no smoke. In quantities to suit for sale at ME1A.MKK3 CO. 24-tf JUST liKOEIVED! XD FOR SALE BV THE I'.VDEKMIG.VED, l Dr. 8. P. Townsend's Compound Fluid Extract of Saroapa Ila. rtfl JAMON GREEN A CO. Firewood ! Firewood ! ! FOR SALE at very reasonable rates, at 47 MELCHERS A Co. NOTICE. THEREA8 THE UNDERSIGNED HAS BEEN INFORMED on 1 1 good authority that great irregularity exists in the taking and killingof the wild cattle on the mountains on Hawaii, be longing to His Majesty and to the Government, by parties who claim or pretend to claim right under bills of sale from His Maj esty or from the Government, and whereas, from the nature of the country and other causes it is almost impossible to place agents to guard the interests of His Majesty and of the Govern ment, and whereas all parties having legal claims on the said wild cattle have already had time sufficient, if they have used tue diligence to remove the same : Now therefore, the undersigned hereby gives notice to all par ties who purchased wild cattle running on the mountains on Ha waii, previous to the 1st day of January lS&7,to remove the same if not already removed, on or before the 1st day of May next, after which time, parties taking wild cattle will he prosecuted Interior Office, I L. KAMEHAMtHA. Jan.it, lsii. f 44-tf NOTICE! THE Bdrrainl b?x ! inform their rrinU that thev have established a branch of their home at VIC TORIA, V. L, under the management of Mr. Henry Rhodes and under the style of JAN ION A GREEN, for the transaction or general Commission business. Particular attention will bepiad to consignments of Sandwich Island produce. JA.MU.X, UttlJC. St CU. Honolulu, May 10. 1S59. S-tf From Fraxer'ftlagaiine for February, 1SC2.J J. S. Mill an the Corneal in America. But we are told, by a strange mi3;iplieition of a true principle, that the South had a right to se parate; that their separation ought to have been consented to, the moment they showed .themselves ready to fight for it ; and that the North, in re sisting it, are committing the same error and wrong which England committed in opposing the original separation of the thirteen colonies. This is carrying the doctrine of tlie sacred right of in surrection rather far. It is wonderful how easy and liberal and complying people can be in other people's concerns. Because they are willing to surrender th-ir own past, and have no objection to join in reprobation of their great-grandfathers, they never put themselves the question what they them selves would do in circumstances far less trying, under far less pressure of real national calamity. ould those who profess these ardent revolution ary principles consent to their being applied to Ireland, or India, or the Ionian Islands ? How have they treated those who did attempt so to ap ply them! But the case can dispense with any mere argumentum ad hnminem. I am not fright ened at the word rebellion. I do not scruple to say that I have sympathized more or less ardently with most of the rebellions, successful and unsuc cessful, which have taken place in my time. But I certainly never conceived that there was a suf ficient titlo to my sympathy in the mere fact of be ing a rebel ; that the act of taking arms against one's fellow-citizens was so meritorious in itself, was so completely its own justification, that no question need be asked concerning the motive. It seems to me a strange doctrine that the most se rious and responsible of all human acts imposes no obligation on those who do it of showing that they have a real grievance ; that those who rebel for the power of oppressing others, exercise us sacred a rigiit as those who do the same thing to resist oppression practised upon themselves. Neither re bellion, nor any other act which affects the inter ests of others, is sufficiently legitimated by the mere will to do it. Secession may be laudable, and so may any other kind of insurrection ; but it may also bo an enormous crime. It is the one or the other, according to the object and the provo cation. And if there ever was an object which, by its bare announcement, stamped rebels against a particular community as enemies of mankind, it is the one professed by the South. Their right to separate is the right which Cartouche or Turpin would have had to secede from their respective countries, because the laws of those countries would not sutler them to rob and murder on the highway. The only real difference is that the present rebels are more powerful th.'n Cartouche or Turpin, and may possibly be able to etLct their iniquitous purpose. Supposing, however, for the sake of argument, that the mere will to separate were in this case, or in any case, a sufficient ground for separation, I beg to be informed whose will? The will of any knot of men who, by fair means or foul, by usur pation, terrorism, or fraud, have got the fins of government into their hands ! If the inmates of Parkhurst Prison were to get possession of the Isle of Wight, occupy its military positions, enlist one part of its inhabitants la their own ranks, set the remainder of them to work in chain gangs, and de clare themselves independent, ought their recog nition by the British Government to be an imme diate consequence? Before admitting the authority of any persons, ns organs of the will of the people, to dispose of the whole political existence of a country, I ask to see whether their cred ntials are from the whole, or only from a part. And first, it is necessary to ask. Have the slaves been consult ed ? Has their will been counted as any part in the estimate of collective volition ? They are a part of the population. However natural in the coun try itself, it is rather cool in English writers who talk so glibly of the ten millions (I believe there are only eiijht), to pass over the very existence of four millions who must abhor the idea of separa tion. Remember, toe consider them to be human beings, entitled to human rights. Nor can it be doubted that the mere fact of belonging to a Union in some parts of which slavery is reprobated, is some alleviation of their condition, if only as re gards future probabilities. But even of the white population, it is questionable if there was in the beginning a majority for secession anywhere but in South Carolina. Though the thing was pre-deter-mined, and most of the States committed by their public authorities before the people were called on to vote ; though in taking the votes terrorism in many places reigned triumphant ; yet even so, in several of the States, secession was carried only by narrow majorities. In soma the authorities have not dared to publish the numbers; in some it is asserted that no vote has ever been t;iken. Further (as was pointed out in an admirable letter by Mr. Carey), the Slave States are intersected in the middle, from their northern frontier almost to the Gulf of Mexico, by a country of free labor the mountain region of the A lleghanies and their de pendencies, forming parts of Virginia, North Caro lina, Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama, in which, from the nature of the climate and of the ngricul tural and mining industry, slavery to any material extent never did. and never will, exist. This mountain zone is peopled by ardent friends of the Union. Could the Union abandon them, without even an effort, to be dealt with at the pleasure of an exasperated slave-owning oligarchy f Could it abandon the Germans who, in Western Texas, have made so meritorious a commencement of growing -otton on the borders of the Mexican Gulf bv free labor? Were the right of the slave-owners to se cede ever so clear, they have no right to carry these with them; unless allegiance is a mere question of local proximity, and my next neighbor, if I am a stronger man, can be compelled to follow me in any lawless vagaries I choose to indulge. But (it is said) the North will never succeed in conquering the South ; and since the separation must in the end be recognized, it is better to do at first what must be done at last ; moreover, if it did conquer them, it could not govern them when con quered, consistently with free institutions. With uo one of these propositions can I agree. Whether or not the Northern Americans will succeed in reconquering the South, I do not affect to foresee. That they can conquer it, if their pre sent determination holds. I have never entertained a doubt ; for they are twice as numerous, and ten or twelve times as rich. Not by taking military possession of their country, or marching an army through it, but by wearing theia out, exhausting their resources, depriving them of the comforts of life, encouraging theirslaves to desert, and exclud ing them from communication with foreign coun tries. All this, of course, depends on the suppo sition that the North does not give in first. Whether they will persevere to this point, or whether their spirit, their patience, and the sacri fices they are willing to make, will be exhausted before reaching it, I cannot tell. They may, in the end, be wearied into recognising the separation. But to thoso who say that because this may have to be done at last, it ought to have been done at first, I put the very serious question On whut terms? Have they ever considered what would have been the meaning of separation if it had been assented to by the Northern States when first de manded? People talk as if separation meant nothing mure than the independence of the seceding States. To have accepted it under that limitation would have been, on the part of the South, to give up that which they have seceded expressly to pre serve. Separation, with them, means at least half the Territories ; including the Mexican border, and the consequent power of invading and overrunning Spanish America for the purpose of planting there the peculiar institution" which even Mexican civilization has found too bad to be endured. There is no knowing to what point of degradation a coun try may be driven in a desperate state of its affairs ; but if the North ever, unless on the brink of actual ruin, makes peace with the South, giving up the original cause of quarrel, the freedom of the Territories; if it resigns to them when out of the Union that power of evil whicb it would not grant to retain them in the Union it will incur the pity and disdain of posterity. And no one can suppose that the South would have consented, or in their present temper ever will consent, to an ac commodation on any other terms. It will require a succession of humiliations to bring them to that. The necessity of reconciling themselves to the con finement of slavery within its existing boundaries, with the natural consequence, immediate mitiga tion of slavery, and ultimate emancipation, is a les son which they are in no mood to learn from any thing but disaster. Two or three defeats in the field, breaking their military strength, though not followed by an invasion of their territory, may possibly teach it to them. If so, there is no breach of charity in hoping that this severe schooling may promptly come. When men set themselves up, in defiance of the rest of the world, to do the devil's work, no good can come of them until the world has made them feel that this work cannot be suf fered to be done any longer. If this knowledge does not come to them for several years, the abo lition question will by that time have settled itself. For assuredly Congress will very soon make up its mind to declare all slaves free who belong to per sons in arms against the Union. When that is done, slavery, confined to a minority, will soon cure itself ; and the pecuniary value of the negroes be longing to loyal masters will probably not exceed the amount of compensation which the United States will be willing and able to give. The assumed difficulty of governing the Southern States as free and equal commonwi alths. io case of their return to the Union, is purely imaginary. If brought back by force, and not by voluntary com pact, they will return without the Territories, and without a Fugitive Slave Law. It may be assumed that in that event the victorious party would make the alterations in the Federal Constitution which are necessary to adapt it to the new circumstances, and which would not infringe, but strengthen, its democratic principles. An article would have to be inserted prohibiting the extension of slavery to the Territories, or the admission into the Union of any new Slave State. Without any other guaran tee, the rapid formation of n;W Free Slates would ensure to freedom a decisive and constantly increas ing majority in Congress. It would also be right to abrogate that bad provision of the Constitution (a necessary Compromise at the time of its first es tablishment) whereby the slaves, though reckoned as citizens in no other respect, are counted, to the extent of three-fifths of their number, in the esti mate of the population for fixing the number of representatives of each State in the Lower House of Congress. Why should the masters have meui I ers in right of their human chattels, any more than of their oxen and pigs? The President, in his Message, has already proposed that this salu tary reform should be effected in the case of Mary land, additional territory, detached from Virginia, being jiven to that State as an equivalent; thus clearly indicating the policy which he approves, and which be is probably willing to make uni versal. As it is necessary to he prepared for all possi bilities, let us now contemplate another. Let us suppose the worst possible issue of this war the one apparently desired by those English writers whose moral feeling is so philot-ophically indiffer ent between the apostles of slavery and its enemies. Suppose that the North should stoop to recognize the new Confederation on its own terms, leaving it half the Territories, and that it is acknowledged by Europe, and takes its place as an admitted mem ber of the community of nations. It will be de sirable to take thought beforehand what are to be our own future relations with a ne Power, pro fessing the principles of Attila and Genghis Roan as the foundation of its Constitution. Are we to see with indifference its victorious army let loose to propagate their national faith at the ride's mouth through Mexico and Central America? Shall we submit to see fire and sword carried over Cuba and Porto Rico, itnd Hay ti and Liberia conquered and brought back to slavery ? We shall soon Lave causes enough of quarrel on our own account. When we are in the act of sending an expedition against Mexico to redress the) wrongs of private British subjects, we should do well tit reflect in time that the President of the new Republic, Mr. Jefferson Davis, was the original inventor of repu diation. Mississippi was the first State which re pudiated, Mr. Jefferson Davis was Governor of Mis sissippi, and the Legislature of Mississippi bad passed a Bill recognizing and providing for the debt, which Bill Mr. Jefferson Davis vetoed. Un less we abandon the principles we have for two generations consistently professed and acted on, we should be at war with the new Confederacy within five years about the African slave trade. An English Government will hardly be base enough to recognize them, unless they accept all the treaties by which America is at present bound ; nor, it may be hoped, even if de facto independent, would they be admitted to the courtesies of diplo matic intercourse, unless they granted in the most explicit manner the right of search. To allow the slave ships of a Confederation formed for the ex tension of slavery to come and go free, and unex amined, between America and the African coast, would be to renounce even the pretence of attemp ting to protect Africa against the man-stealer, and abandon that continent to the horrors, on a far larger scale, which were practiced before Gianvillo Sharp and Clarkson were in existence. But even if the right of intercepting their slavers were ac knowledged by treaty, which it never would be, the arrogance of the Southern slaveholders would not lung submit to its exercise. Their pride and self-conceit, swelled to an inordinate height by their successful struggle, would defy the power of England as tbey had already successfully defied that of their Northern countrymen. After our people by their cold disapprobation, and our press by its invective, had combined with their own dif ficulties A damp the spirit of the Free States, and drive them to submit and make peace, we should have to fight the Slave States ourselves at far greater disadvantages, when we should no longer have the wearied and exhausted rsorth tor an ally. The time might come when the barbarous and bar barizing Power, which we by our moral support had helped into existence, would require a general crusade of civilized Europe, to extinguish the mis chief which it had allowed, and we bad aided, to rise up in the midst of our civilization. for these reasons l cannot join witn those wno cry Peace, peace. I cannot wish that this war should not have been engaged in by the North, or that being engaged in, it should be terminated on any conditions but such as would retain the whole ol the Territories as free soil. I am not blind to the possibility that it may require a long war to lower the arrogance and tame the aggressive am bition of the slave-owners, to the point of either returning to the Union, or consenting to remain out of it with-their present limits. But war. in a good cause, is out the greatest evil which a Datioa