Search America's historic newspaper pages from 1756-1963 or use the U.S. Newspaper Directory to find information about American newspapers published between 1690-present. Chronicling America is sponsored jointly by the National Endowment for the Humanities external link and the Library of Congress. Learn more
Image provided by: University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu, HI
Newspaper Page Text
THE GARDEN ISLAND TUESDAY, SEPT. 25, 1917 ROAD MAINTENANCE ON KAUAI ' Following is the paper read by J. II. Moragnc, County Engineer, before the Sixth Civic Convention: tf there is anything of real value that I eon write in regard to maintenance of roads it will come out in a plain ittatv ment of inci in regard to the up keep of the water hound maradain roads of the County of Kauai for the lant eleven years. The County of Kauai has never at tempted to keep their improved made in a high Rtate of preservation, hut they have tried to make them last until ail principal roads are improved. Between the wiae pohey of a high Htute of maintenance and the neceosity of add ing to their mileage of improved roads as rapidly as possible Kauai has taken probably a halfway stand. It has always loen the intention of the Board of Superviirn to liegin relniilding or re-surfiu'ing as m us the rincip:d roads were improved. Macadamizing was stHrted on Kauai in 190G, since wiucii tune it has gou on in accordance with the amount of money available and by the end of this yi-nr 1017 all of the main road and several of the laterals will have mim unproved The County will tln'ii lie financially ready to rebuild at their leisure in the order that rebuilding ia most needed and to maintain tne remiut stretches in a high state of preservation. During these eleven years of gradiitg, bridge building and macadamizing it has . been no easy task to keep the already macadamized roads in fair condition Surface oiling was tabued over aliout three fourths of the mileage which three fourths had to foe kept without the use of oil. Tlie water bound macadam road is considered out of date, so anything 1 may say in regard to the upkeep of same mav also be considered out of date However, other counties may in future have a few miles of less important roadB of this type and it is to be hoped they mav derive some benefit from this paper. which is intended to explain how the roads were kept. When additional macadam was laid in 1907 it was found in order to prevent raveling of the service it was necessary to wet the surface everyday during dry weather. Constand wetting proved ex pensive and soon there was more road built than there was water cart capacity to do the wetting. There appeared to be some binding quality lacking in the sur face rock that was applied, especially in places. A very little dirt was strewn on and wet down : the result was the im mediate binding of the troublesome parts and the water carts had much less work to do. -The practice of applying a little dirt l surfaces that were slow to bind has been kept up and it is apparent that the rizht amount of dirt rielitly applied is a good substitute for the lack of binding ingredients in the surface aggregate. It was soon found that constant care was reauired in order to prevent a grad ual loosening of the surface rock. It was necessary to remove all dislodged particles of rock everv dav and sprinkle with water at least every three duys during drv weather. A cantonier was put on each' two mile section and was required to patrol his section daily, pick oh" by hand all of the dislodged rock and spread a little dirt on spots showing signs ot loosening. A cantonier for each two mile section with a little cheap dirt added is not ex pensive. The reduced cost of watering will more than account for the wages of mntonier. . The services of a cantonier or patroll man in the maintenance of all newly constructed roads couid not have lice disiieiised with. If Kauai deserves an credit for the manner in which thei roads were kept before oiling, it is un nnwtinnnhlv larire v due to their can tnnier service and a little red dirt. The nlmve methods of upkeep applies to the newlv macadamized roads, tor the first runr nr turn of their pxistailCC When thev were a vear or two ol (according to locality) it was found that the Bervices of the water wagon na Wn c-iiduallv dispensed with or ahnosi dispensed with, but the cantonier and me reu cure are nun uu uvjwu. first tieriod of a vear or two the can tonier had practically no dislodged rock to remove tor the next mree or unit vxnri hut ha did throw on a little dirt here and theie in places shewing signs of loosening. During tins stage t.li cantonier spends the greater part ol his tima in clearing drains and keeping down the vegetation along the roadside When the road wan four to six years old (according to locality ) nearly all o the top or smaller rock had worn away and the o. z or intermediate course i rnelc was nlaiiilv visible, still then' w not ax'reut deal of dWodifed rock for ' year or so yet but the wear continue) nner panicles oi me msn-iiiiu- mm vL-vro wedied ill between the laruer No. rock wore away faster and left the larg TM-k Tirntniilmir : this process of wearin if allowed to continue would soon rende th mirdure roncb and disagreeable travel over, beside the No. t stone would become dislodged to a great extent From the lieiiinning of this staize ai from there on in order to keep the roa in (air condition and to prevent rani deterioration it was necessary to provide an ai tilicial surface. Other than oil th lu-Ht thin? used as an artificial surfai was dirt and sand mixed. Aliout a qan ter of un inch of dirt was strewn on ai immediately afterward about the sail amount of coarse sand was applied and best rcHulta "btaned when' water waii added. So long as this dressing could Ik kept on the mad in the right quantities there was no apparent wear ami the ser vice was good, but it proved exjs'r.sive. A heavy beating rain would come and wash the roads almost bare ot the dress ing. Still there was some of the coarser sand and dirt left, wedged lietween the protruding stone, holding them in place for some time Ui come. Dirt alone ap plied from time to time, lefiire sanding) fact still a Tear or two ionm-r is re-1 nirett lor the reason that the oil should never lie applied until after the water ound macadam has Ix-en in use for at ast a vear. durini uhipli tiinp t1m mud should lie kept in Bood condition bv thp use of a water cart and the cantonier, ai hove outlined, for th first tu-n VKr riod. This period of use of thu mm! icfore the oil is applied Is allowed in order that the macadam slab may take nto its interstice or Imve driven into tlieiu by the trallic as much as possible f tllP fine Particles of titilvi.rized rock mid hist in order to render it, ns near as tins. ole to the consistency o f a concrete ah. At this stage the mas is almost impervious to water, likewise to crude oil. Too much oil in the interstices of the lacadam not only acts as a lubricant hilt also prevents all small unrticli-M of iihi ana oust irom entering. ii on is applied on a newlv maca- amized roml, the oil "soak in somewhat water into a sponge, and besides the iste ot oil. great harm is done to the road. About eight years ago surface oiling as started on a small scale n Kauai roads: it was gradually extended to cover ii the main road in Waimea District nd a few miles each in Koloa and Lihne Districts. The intention at first was to oil all of the main roads in all districts but after a w miles had tieen oiled in Koloa and Lihue, the practice of surface oiling in those two districts was strongly protest ed against on the ground that it render d the road dangerous in ramv weather. The result was that oiling was discon tinued and most of the roads already oil ed were spiked up and re-surfaced with coarse sand and afterwards kept in re. pair by means already deserilied. Con sequently, the older roads in Koloa and uhue Dsstncts are badly worn in place and are expensive to keep in a fair state of repair. There has recently been a change of sentiment in regard to the dangers of an oiled road and it is now the intention to gradually oil all roads not too badly worn to recover a good surface by the use of oil. Oiling of the older stretches of road was begun in the spring of this year 1917 and is being continued as fast as the oil can be secured. The road has been in use for from six to ten years, the finishing course of stone had all worn away, the second or ntermediate course was also considera bly worn and the individual stones of that course were protruding, causing a small roughness of eurface. After throughly washing the surface ( if not already clean ) right down to the bare blue rock the oil was applied by hand and broomed as thinly as possible over the surface. The area covered by u barrel of oil on this thoroughly solidified old macadam, was surprisingly largi the small roughness of surface caused by the depressions lietween the protruding stone affords ample friction to pi-event skidding On some short stretches where the road has worn too roughto recover an agreeably smooth surface by use of oi hot asphalt is nuslied over the snrtace in s thin a coat as possible and while still hot coarse gravely samt or preferably crushed rock screenings is dashed on in liberal quantities and' left to lie driven ito the asphalt as much as possible by the trathc. In spite ot all that can be done as a- bove deserilied, for the first lv years, pot holes and slight depressions will ap pear and it has lieen found that the ea lest and tnof t enective way to deal with them is to apply an asphalt am crushed rock. Tne depression is first washed or swept tree ol all dirt or dust; it washed it must have tune to dry, then it is flooded W'tl a thin coar ot not aspnait the larger sizes ol crushed roc is ttien applied be lore the asphalt cools and tamped to an even surface slightly lower .than the sur rounding suriacc of the road, the surface of the newly applied rock is then scarce ly covered iiot tlooded with hot asphalt and liefore the asphalt has had tune to cool crushed nick isereenings or course gravely sand is applied and hammered down to the projier surface with tampers The Wahiawa grade in Koloa District was re-surfaced early in lillti. The road was spiked up and about 2 inches of new rock .added. The No. 2 was rolled to an even surface; a little No. .1 orsniallt rock was thrown On evenly with thovels an rolled as to drive Jt into the in tcrstices of the larger rock, hot asphalt was then applied m as thin a shift a possible, taking care not to push a,iy ourts of the suriace. Additional .o. rock was immediately dashed on b y hovels and rolled in belore the asphalt had tune to cool, then the suriai-e was finished by adding and rolling in a little screenings. In this caso the a"phalt was used in the same way that it is used in the con struetion of the so-ealled asphalt Maea dam, except that me quantity used was much less and a tiller was used in the No. ' before the asphalt was applied. The tiller of smaller rock was used in order to solidify the mass, and in order that less asphalt might answer the pur pose. The county road department construct ed a quarter of a mile of asphalt inaca d.un street paving for Makawefi Planta tion, extending from the county road to their mill. On the job the filler .'was rolled into the No. 2 and the asphalt was applied sparingly, as on the Wahiawa j grade deserilied almve, and a sealing coat I of oil alone was later applied. Alter the road tiad been used lor a tew week m Courses For Recruits At Camp Dodge, Des Moines, Iowa, there will be one of the larg est cantonments in the United States where some 45,000 men will be gathered for training. Arrange ments are being made to give these men the benefit of special education advantages while there. After the first few weeks of get ting into shape the men will have at least a couple of hours a day of leisure which they can use to great advantage in building themselves up educationally. Even if only 10 per cent of them take advantage of this opportunity it will nevertheless form a very impressive class. Presumably the very best . facili ties will be given such as these men may never have had before, and it is to be hoped that the great majori ty of them will take advantnge of it. scaling coat. The question ot the cantonier system in the maintenance of roads is a ques tion tiiat has been thoroughly discussed for the last few years, all agree that the ystem is good if carried out properly. In the upkeep tf Kauai water bound macadam roads where oil was not used, the surface could not have lieen kept in a smooth and consequently lasting con dition without the cantonier. The trouble with the system is to secure the services of intelligent men who are also . .. .-. t 1 industrious; tne two goou qualities oo not seem to combine frequently enough n the labor available. Probably the liest and checpest way to take care of the up-to-date roads of to day is by the services of a regularly or ganized repairing force, consisting of a foreman who should t expert in the art of repairing and otherwise maintaining any type of road that may come under us charge, so tar as doing the actual work is concerned. He should be allow ed to select a sufficient number of lalior era skilled in this class of work and the workmen should lie supplied with all necessary means of transportation, all suitable tools and other equipment for repairing the various types of pavement and the necessary materials to be used n the work. The results would no uoupt lie surprisingly good and economical as well. Such an organization 'is in con templation for the County of Kauai. Moore's Improved Non-Leakable Fountain Pen "It Doesn't Leak" ' First of its kind to carry the non leakable feature, the MOORK i still first in new improvements and quality the ideal" pen for clcanli-j ness, and smooth, accurate, rapid writing. ' j Prices, $2.50 Upward. J Hawaiian News Co., Ltd. Bishop St. Honolulu ' VEN Glass Dishes for Baking.; The Newest Method Bread pans Tie plates Custard Cups Casseroles Shirred egg pans Au Gratin 1.2 ") ea 1.00 a .2"i ea 1.T5 ea .65 ea l.00!ea W. W. Dimond& Co. Ltd. HONOLULU HAWAII. order that a filler composed of the grind' ings caused by the wheels of vehicles might lie driven into the smaller inter stices of the surface finish. Before ap p'ying the oil the surface was washed clear of dirt and dust and sufficient dry n.g of the surface, but U'foreall moisture hud disappeared, the oil was applied ill as thin a coat as possible, no filler of any id was used 111 tins sealing coat and au'iiln, served to hold the rock in place the oil was allowed to stand two or three mid provided a fairly smooth suriace. i days in order to dry belore turning on t i ..I .. -..(!:.. TI..1 n...l. '.!...;..;.... much easier on mini urcs men me nine macadam. The simple methods described ulsive relate to the upkeep of macadam roads without the use ot oil or asphalt but ii the roads were kept up priicrl.v under! these methods the expense would U'grea-I ter then it would to keep them in a much better state of preservation by t h e method of surface oiling. : It requires a year or two to proierly couulruct a surlW' oiled macadam road, the trallic. 1 lie result oiitaiinni; today mi both the Wahiawa ami Mukaweli jobs :s hiirhly satislactnry and it is prohall hat all reconstructed macadam roads of Kauai will !e bound with asphalt ia the manner deserilied. On steep grades where skidding Is likely no oil sealing coat; w ill he usM but on level stretches and lighter grades the sealing of oil alone will be used in order to extend the life of the macadam far beyond what it might be without thu JUS. F. Co. Ltd. Stocks, Bonds, Real Estate and Insurance NO. 125 131 MERCHANT ST. P. O.Box No 594 Honolulu i CALIFORNIA FEED CO I I LIMITED. ! Dealers in i Hay, Grain and Chicken Supplies. ; Sole Agents for International Sbick. Poultry Food ami other specialties. Arabic for coolinu' Iron Roofs. IVialuma In collators ami Broilers. Kino's Special Chick Fooi? P.O. Box 452, Honolulu Wed. Sept. 26, at the Tip Top SESSUE HAYAKA WA Supported by Lehua Waipahu and a Mixed Japanese and Hawaiian cast in "THE BOTTLE IMP" An enthralling story of old Hawaii-abounding in Mystery, Love and Romance. J Rare Hawaiian Settings-Hula Dances-an Underwater Fiqht-ihe Volcano-rnd Scores of Other Interesting Features. Friday and Saturday, September 28 - 29 FANNIE WARD IN ( The School for Husbands" All Husbands and Wives, Past, Present and Future, Should See This Pictures. HOTEL UHUE (The Fairview) Twenty-to elegant rooms In Main Building Three Airy Cottages Cuisine unexcelled in country districts W. H. Rice, Jr., ' . Proprietor WAIMEA HOTEL Waimba, Kauai I jt Breakfast Ltmcli Dinner Room $ .50 .50 1.00 ' 1.50 J J FRANK COX, Manager THE BANK OF HAWAII, limited UHUE BRANCH Lihue, Kauai, Hawaii Deposits are received subject to check. Certificates of de posit issued payable on de maud. Loans made on ap . proved security. Drafts Drawn un Honolulu Bremen San Francisco Berlin New York Hong Kong London Yokohama Savings Department Iuterest paid on Savings De posits. 4 per cent on ordi nary and 4 ier cent on Term Deposits. Ordinary Savings Deposits will be received up to $2,500 in anv one account. Safk Deposit Roxes for Rent $2 and $3 a Year i M Distributors p m W TERRITORY OF HAWAII jlij M Get our latest prices J Shoes for the Children Gun Metal Ankle Ties Sizes 5 to 8 $ b1 2 to 11 2 .M) 11 2 t 2 tl 00 J Patent Colt Ankle Tics S cs 5 io 8 12 25 " 8l2 to ii u.:- " lll2 to 2 $3.25 Mail Orders filled snme day received. We pay the postage I Manufacturers' Shoe Store 1051 Fort St. Honolulu