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THE FAEMER: FEBRUARY 1, 1918 8 THE ACHIEVEMENT WITHOUT PRECEDENT SECRETARY BAKER commanded the attention: of Con gress, when he told what the; nation has done to pre pare for war. In language of the simplest, with candour and sincerity, he received the tale of a people's crusade, the story of democracy girding on the sword. There are more men in France by hundreds of thousands Zem uic wildest critics of the government dreamed of, when thev were telling what the government ought to do in 1917. Upon French soil there are, or soon will be, 500,000 Ameri can soldiers, fully equipped and ready to fight. Upon American soil there are 1,500,000 soldiers ready to go to France as fast as ships can be provided for them. The tale of preparation in France is a miracle story. Great harbors have been prepared, as by the wave of a magician's - wand. A railroad 600 miles long has been made over and ampli fied to supply American troops. Warehouses in seaport cities and warehouses behind the fighting fronts spread in row oij. tow, over miles of country. , . ' Much of the material has come from this country. When possible it has been procured in France. Tonnage is scarce, and the drain upon transport has been, tremendous. Fortunately France has a surplus of machine gun and ar- ) tillery production, ample to supply American troops, so that ! transport has been available for other things, and America has i had time to fabricate weapons superior to those now in use. Of the accusations in Senator Chamberlain's speech, Sec i retary Baker simply said, "They are incidents picked out from the great mass of things accomplished. They do not represent j American achievement, but only the points in which achieve I ment was defective." ' Any man reading what Secretary Baker says will perceive j thai Senator Chamberlain's indictment was really an indict iment of the American people. What has been done, after all tisbot the measure of American civilization, of American indus- ' tof American power for co-operation and unified effort. The leadership in these things is necessarily in the govern mretot. It is necessarily not in the possession of , persons stand iag outside the government, who have no duty except that of jC&ezRQS, and no- information sufficient for the formation of a Here is the government, meeting through its experts, the HKrperts of fbe ADLes, and deciding by consultation between ex giects precisely what is necessary. AH things change. Nothing was as it-was before. All the (teowKfions of war were different. The nalure of the war, the rtweapons xtsed, were changing from day to day; Things begun ftwere abandoned, as later knowledge came to hand. New thing! llWera undertaken under the pressure of necessity. How" could a government change its views or its methods trpon the advice of a citizen whose latest military experience was an old fashioned charge up San Juan Hill? The experts who came from Europe knew things that Col Roosevelt never heard of, and that the government learned only because it was the government. Even the consultations between experts were insufficient, fSSWThey produced division of council. The American govern portent, at the suggestion of Lloyd George, brought into being v "non council of the Allies, in which all things might be set ' elligently and carried out concprdantly. Mra. Hoi1"1? s e sPeech of Secretary Baker to the noisy ana stratff the government and the American people. How na .d. m. rat General Wood, as an experienced medical man. ji.ooo. have been selected to prepare the camps and canton .."in which troops were to be trained. $200. f H -it the moment when the scolding critics were complaining the failure of the government to avail themselves of General Wood's services in Europe, came the news that he had been wounded in France. Mr. Roosevelt and his kind owe an apology, not to the American government; but to the American people; not to the American alone, but to democracy itself. They accused democ racy of failure, in the hour when democracy was proving its efficiency to the uttermost. The greater the task, the larger the number of things that may be exhibited as defective. ' 'f In times of perfect peace men commit suicide, murder their fellow men, make industrial mistakes.; They have mumps, measles and pneumonia. Coal strikes nave been Known to stop coal supply more completely ,tnan it is now suspenaea. sick men are occasionally neglected, even in hospitals. Occasionally a man in a Connecticut hospital and has been known to leave his cot, naked, jump out of a window, and run down street. This is the truth about the government's early war pre paration: A great work has been carried on more success fully than any such work was before, but subject to the mistakes and errors inherent in human endeavor. Before guns arrived for them a few men drilled for a few days with wooden guns. ' , , Sometimes soldiers came into camp ahead of their clothing. The machine gun supply has not come along as fast as the senator believes it should. - . There is not enough heavy ordnance. And then there was a very pathetic letter,- written by a parent, whose son died in a hospital, and received less attention than he should have received. These are fair examples of the facts upon which the sena tor relies to prove his case. Not a single word of praise has he to say for the great deeds done. The American navy seemsto him to have performed no wonderful task in taking troops to France without serious ac cedent. , " - All this vast mechanism of accomplishment gives Senator Chamberlain no thrill of pride. He sees only the defects, the relatively trifling matters in which a stupendous organization fails to function perfectly. The president's charge is proved down to the hilt. Sena-t tor Chamberlain is guilty of an "astonishing and absolutely un justifiable distortion of the truth." - He looks upon the wonderful work his countrymen have done. He takes a miscroscope to find the defects in their labors, and alleges that these defects are the true measure of their labor.' By such a process of reasoning the execution of the best man in the world could be justified, if it could be proved that he had a wart on his nose. America is doing a great work. Americans are laboring proudly and nobly, and successfully, in a great cause. They expect to make mistakes. They will judge the completed task by human standards, not by the standards of insincere perfec tionists Avho mouth unattainable ideals, and think hatefully. PREDICTED WAR, SEIZED AS SPY AND LOCKED UP Maine Man Reported , to Washington That War Was About to Break MALICE OR INCOMPETENCE? SECRETARY McAUOU, alter scrutinizing reports of Fed eral inspectors, says that the coal famine in New Eng land is due to the negligence of the New Haven Company, which deliberately permitted its locomotives to fall out of re pair, and was unable to move 4,000 cars of coal out of the Har lem river freight yards, v .. . . . It is unnecessary to inquire how much of this failure might have been due to a deliberate purpose to harass the government, and how much was due to sheer incompetence. Intelligent trainmen in the service of the New Haven company have their' own ideas on the subject, and their ideas-are based on knowl edge and experience. . Whether this gross failure is due to malice or incompe tence it calls imperatively for new executives. The govern ment should forthwith put its own men in charge of transporta tion in New England. Malice or incompetence, it matters not which, cannot be permitted to tie up, impede or suspend the industry of New Eng land. Secretary McAdoo will take such steps as are necessary to move coal cars out of Harlem river terminal,, and such fur ther measures as are necessary to be rid of railroad executives who do not properly perform their duties. SENATOR CHAMBERLAIN'S DEFENSE T N HIS NEW YORK speech Senator Chamberlain made cer X tain accusations regarding the government and the management of the war. The president, in a letter,- charac terized these charges as "an astonishing and absolutely unjus (tillable distortion of the truth." Senator Chamberlain has replied. His reply will seem to a discriminating mind, to confirm the president's accusation. What is the truth in this matter? The United States government has raised great armies. It has sent armies to' France. It has raised billions of dollars to carry on the war. It is supplying the Allies with wheat, coal and most of, the necessities of life. To do these things the government has been obliged, not of preference, but of necessity, to change many things. It has fixed the price of wheat and other foods. It has fixed the price of coal. It has taken over management and control of railroads, It has laid heavy and difficult taxes, because such taxes had to be laid. No warring nation has escaped that necessity AH of this has been done with a very slight derangement f ordinary affairs. The American people have recognized the imperative nature of the work entrusted to the government and have complied loyally with its demands. , This is evidence that the American people look witn ap proyal on what has been done. How well have these things been done? America sprang to a war basis in a period of time at least a year less than Great Britain consumed in obtaining the same ' degree of preparation. Measure what has been done in. all its elements of success or failure, against the early preparation for the war of 1812 or for the Civil War, or for the Spanish American war. Meas ure it against the preparation and arrangement of the Boer war. in South Africa. . When standards of the past are applied, none is so misin formed as not to know that the early preparation for this war l& immeasurably superior Uj the early preparation for any other war known to this country. , It must not be forgotten that Prus tin. was preparing for forty years. - x When -a thing has been done better than it was ever crone before, it becomes very difficult to say, and more difficult to ' prove, that somebody else would have done it better. The best typewriter in the market, is the best until some body produces a better one. It is no argument at all to say that Jones, could have made a better typewriter, if he had tried Jones didn't make a typewriter. That settles it. In carrying on any great w ork, or, indeed, in contriving any sort of work, things are never a hundred per cent perfect N THIS COUNTRY every man has the right of free speech. But not the right to say what he pleases. The right to describe a law as unwise, or unjust, belongs to everybody. But the right to oppose the operation of a law is admitted to no body. ' The right of free speech is held in check at all times by public opinion. The person who advocates birth control, an archy, and so on,, will usually find himself in trouble with his neighbors. In time of war, when the necessity for unity is so great, this same public opinion operates as a check jupon free speech, as the young man discovered, in New Haven, who wrote into his questionnaire that he hoped the Kaiser would win. The instinct of self preservation is strong in the masses, and when the common safety is threatened the masses are quick to feel and resent. This is why some of the rights of free speech are usually put aside in war times. THE RIGHT OF FREE SPEECH SEPARATE PEACE NOT A DISGRACE, ASSERTS TROTZKY Petrograd, Jan. 29 (By the Asso ciated Press) Leon Trotzky, the Bol- sheviki foreign minister, and M. Ka meneff, left Petrograd yesterday for Brest-Litovsk to resume the peace ne gotiations with the Central powers. The congress of the councils of workmen's and soldiers' delegates, while deploring the imperialistic tenor of the German peace terms, approved all the actions of the Russian delega tion and charged the government to continue the negotiations. The congress adopted a resolution to this effect after the minority, made up of Minimalists and Social Revolution-' ists of the right, had sought vainly to persuade the adoption of ar policy flatly against a separate peace. Dur ing the debate Foreign Minister Trot zky declared he could not give a guarantee that he would not sign a separate peace, saying: "To call a separate peace a dis grace is blasphemy in' the sight of blood covered Europe." MAN WHO KILLED TAILOR TO HANG AT WETHERSFIELD S-TO DEYENS CAKPENERS KILLED Leominster, Mass., Jan. 29. Three carpenters on their way to work at Camp Devens were killed and four were injured by a Boston & Maine freight train which crashed into their car at Lunenburg depot today. New Haven, Jan. 2S Frank Durso Of New York, convicted by a jury last week of killing Morris Goldstein, a tailor, of West Haven, was sentenced in the superior court here today to be hanged on June 7. Goldstein was shot down In the sYreet in Novem ber, 1916. Three other men have been con victed of the crime. Two of them. Carmine Pisanello and Carmine Lan zillo, are under sentence of death. They appeared at Durso's trial as witnesses against him. The third man, Luigi Larizillo, is serving a life sentence. .. The motive for the crime was rob bery, Durso being brought here from New York to assist in carrying out tin Plot. The shooting occurred when Goldstein called for help as his as sailants surrounded him. WOODS AGAIN CAMPAIGN CHAIRMAN Concord, N. H., Jan. 29 Solon A. Carter, who retired in 1913 after serv ing 42 years -as state treasurer, died here today. He was born in Leomin er, Mass.. in 1837. Wajgi&ngton Jan. 29 Representa tive Frank p! Woods of Iowa, was re-elected chairman of the. Republi can National Congressional Campaign Committee by unanimous vote at a meeting at the Capitol last night. Other officers elected were: Vice chairmen, Representatives Julius Kahn of California and W. R. Wood of Indiana; secretary, Representative E. H. Wason of New Hampshire; treasurer, ex-Senator Nathan B. Scott Of West Virginia. Bangor, Me., Jan. 29. To a Maine man, Francis E. Mallett of Lee, who has been visiting in Bangor this week, fell the honor of being the only man in the United State Consular service who had his ear close enough to the ground in 1914 to predict the com ing of the great war. ; By the irony of fate this brought fcim, not recognition or praise, but imprisonment on the charge oi pemg a spy. Russian officials had him ar rested while on a visit to Petrograd in December, 1914, on the ground that any man who knew enough to pre dict the war had inside sources of In formation only open to those who practiced espionage. . ihe dispatch predicting the war was sent from Budapest, Hungary, where Mr. Mallett was vice-onsul, 'on July 15, 1914 but did not reach the state department until July 30. A New York newspaper of July 30, 1914 in referring to Mr: Mallett's pre diction, printed the -following from its Washington correspondent: "He was incorrect in only one con jecture, expressing the opinion that Austria would wait until the crops were harvested before bringing mat ters to an issue. His dispatch is con sidered as of the greatest Importance at the state department, since it sap ports the general contention that Aus tria had been preparing for the clash with .Servia and that the murder of the Austrian heir apparent was only an excuse employed to cover the Aus trian design to crush Servia. "No ambassador or minister in Eu- ope or any of the higher consular of ficials gave any information of im pending trouble. Mr. Mallett is con sidered one of the most efficient mem bers of the consular service. He speaks Hungarian fluently as well as severa. other languages, and has a wide ac quaintancs in Hungary, where he has been stationed since 1906." This' newspaper reference to his In timate knowledge of conditions abroad proved to be disastrous to Mr. Mai lett. After the start of hostilities, he took over the consulates of the allied powers and conducted their business. He inspected prison camps in Austria, where allied soldiers were held, and in the latter part of December went to Russia on a similar mission. He was at the Hotel de France in Petro grad when, on the morning of Jan. 1, 1915, at 2 o'clock, a maid knocked at his door and told him there was a riessenger with a telegram" waiting Outside. I opened the door," said Mr. Mal lett, "and six soldiers, two officers and three civilians rushed inside, threw me to the floor and forcing me to sit there undressed facing a stove, they informed me I was under arrest. I protested and requested that I be per mitted to notify the American ambas sador, offering my passport as credential.- , This request was refused, -and after they had searched various articles of clothing peered at the soles of my feet and at the seams of my pajamas to see if anything was concealed in them, they permitted me to dress and I was driven to the office of the gov ernment secret service. . "Here I was questioned again and an official "drew from a formidable looking envelope a clipping that look ed strangely familiar. He presented it to me without a word, and it was the article in the issue of July 30 of the New York Herald, relating how I alone of all American officials in Europe had notified my government of the coming war.- I had sent two notifications, one in January and one in July, just preceding the outbreak of hostilities. I -had no comment to make on the article, which was shown to me as evi dence that 1 had sources of secret in formation. So I was taken to the prison for political criminals and plac ed in a dungeon beneath the street level. It was pitch dark and silent and I spent 24 hours there before" I again was removed to another prison. I was held here for ,15 days incom municado, while Russian officials searched through my correspondence. I had more than trunkf ul of it on vari ous official matters and it took some time to go through it. "It was impossible for Tne to get a.ny word to the outside, but it so happened that Miss Hellaa Rumel, the daughter of a Russian official, whom I had helped get out of Budapest at the beginning of the war, heard by accident that I was under arrest. She enlisted the aid of her father and I was released. , - "I left Russia and went to Vienna on business and while there I was ap proached by foreign officials and re quested to explain how If had obtained the information spoken of in an Amer ican newspapers as furnished to the United States. And once more the clipping was shown to me. I replied that I got it in the ordinary way by merely using my eyes and observing the trend of events." On his return from Europe, Mr. MaHett resided in New York city where he was at all times in touch with the Russian revolutionary ele ment, having known many revolution ists during his stay in the old coun tries, r among them Leon Trotzky, "I came in frequent personal . contact with Trotzky," said Mr. Mallett, "and I regret to say but little of the com plimentary can be said regarding his character. I remember when he was married a few of his friends made up a purse and bought furniture for him But his married life was short, as he deserted his bride and took up with ai- affinity. Trotzky was not indus trious but, - unlike Others of his type, he was always neatly groomed and in variably made a fine impression upon people he met for the first time. "Trotzky was opeij . -cied in the Russian colonies of being in tne pay of Germany, and with good rea son ,1 believe. I knew the Russian woman who had been detailed by the Cr.ar's government to watch Trotzky, and I understand that she had docu mentary . evidence of his guilt. You know Trotzky was driven from Eng land, France and Spain on suspicion of being a spy." Mr. Mallett is now conducting a cab in colony at Mattakeunk Lake, Lee where he has entertained Russian revolutionists, writers and others. Trotzky at one time wrete to him with a view of navine the colony a visit,. TRANSFER SOLDIER BATTLE LINE IN WEST FROM RUSSIAN FRONT United States Government Exposes Teuton Treachery in Transferring Men From ln action of East to Fight Against Brit ish, French and Americans. ' ; Washington, Jan. 29 Charges that Germany is violating the terms of the Russian truce by withdrawing troops from the eastern front and transferring them to the western battle lines were made today by the w ar department The war department made this statement: "The general staff of the United States army announces that the German military authorities are evading those terms of the Russian truce which provided that German troops were noi to De wiuiurawu xruiu me eastern 1 runt tor use. in me ,wesi,. : during the peace negotiations. German troops on the Russian front are being allowed to go home on furlough. These soldiers are then transferred to recruiting stations and sent to the western front. The troops are taken in this way, man by man, for two reasons first because it deceives the Russians, and second ' because the eastern troop3 have been so influenced by the Rus-'-eian revolutionary propaganda that the German "military chiefs have de cided to separate the men and scati ter tljem in unaffected western regi-; ments." - CE FLOES CARRY OFF DOZEN RIVER PACKETS Paducah, Ky., Jan. 29. Descending Ice gorges in the Tennessee and Ohio rivers, converging here 'today, swept the winter. fleet of packets and other craft from their moorings at up river points and in the Paducah harbor and carried it on down the Ohio river. Appeals for help from persons ma rooned on the icebound craft plainly were heard as they were carried past this .city. A report from Metropolis, 111., said several packets were seen standing ' on end in the ice as the floe passed that place. The number of boats caught in the torrent has not been determined. It was said that they probably would reach more than a- dozen. A prelim inary estimate of the damage, if all were hist, placed if at more than $200,000. . Eagle line steamers, St. Louis pack ets, several Tennessee river and- other smaller craft were, in the harbor here when the gorge broke. The boats rocked and swayed with the . impact of the ice. Additional cables were hastily run to shore but failed to hold the iboats as the pressure of the ice became greater, and one by one they were torn from their moorings and swept on down the river. The survivors of the helpless fleet are expected to reach Cairo,. 111., late tonight. Pittsburgh,Jan. 2S. Reports reach ed the weather -bureau here today that the Monongahela river was rising rap idly from Fairmont, W. Va., nerth.and the ice was moving out. It was ex pected that the ice would reach the pools in the neighborhood of Pitts burgh tonight and ewery possible pre caution against damage to river craft was taken. The ice averages about -18 inches in thickness. While there was possibility of con siderable damage the news was heard with interest in Pittsburgh, since the Monongahela has been closed by the severe Weather for more than a month and large quantities of coal, badly needed by the mills In this district, have been tied up. U. S. TAX AGENTS FIND WEALTH IN COUNTY'S FARMS Income tax collectors are lotid in their praise of the manner in which the farmers of Fairfield county keep their books. Not only do they far surpass their city brethren in the conduct of their financial affairs, but also in most instances they far sur pass them in wealth. Nearly every one of the farmers call for the blanks known as the "millionaire sheets," which have not arrived at the local office, from Washington up to the present. Yesterday the tax collectors work ed until 9 p. m. and interviewed no less than 2,000 taxpayers, who filled out tax forms, showing upwards of 3, 500,000. When it is taken into consideration that all of those were of the working class taking advantage of the federal holiday to fill out their tax papers, the amount of wealth is amazing. . . " - . Among the big crowd which - jam med the tax office today were dozens of women who all were eager to tell Uncle Sam bow wealthy t,hey were. There are only a few of the many factories in this district that have not taken advantage of the tax collectors' offer to straighten - out any tangle that they may have in their books. AMERICAN FLIER KILLED. Paris, Jan. 29 Dumaresque Spen cer, of Highland Park, 111., was kijled a few days agro while returning from patrol 'duty across the German lines near Belfort. He was a member of the Franco-American flying squad ron and a graduate of Tale. TURKEY TO TAKE CENSUS FOR FIRST TIME IN HISTORY Amsterdam, Jan. 29. For the first time in' the history of Turkey, a com plete census of the whole empire is to be taken. ' A German statistician has been appointed to superintend the preliminary formalities. The Turkish newspaper Sabah says: "We are the only nation in Europe not excluding even the Balkan states which pos sesses no official statists of our population." The estimated population of Turkey before the war was roughly 21,000, 000 of which 7,000,000 were Turks, 9, 000,000 Arabs, 1,500,000 Armenians, 1, 500,000 Greeks. 1,500,000 Kurds, and the remainder Druses, Jews, and the NEW HOME CARD SOON READY TO BE DISTRIBUTED Washington, Jan. 2. The new home card -of the food administration has been issued and soon will be dis tributed throughout the United States to aid housekeepers in observing the 1918 , food conservation program of two wheatless, one meatless and two porkless days as announced in Presi dent Wilson's proclamation. The card carrying an explanation of the weekly plan will go into effect today when the bakers begin the manufacture of the Victory loaf, a war bread containing a 5 per cent. substitute for wheat flour. Bakers are iu lnciceuw uic buuui-uli i mi wheat flour until a 20 per cent, sub stitution is reached on Feb. 24. . At the same time grocers win sell house holders wheat flour only when the purchaser buys an equal amount of some other cereaL The food admin istration card asks "every loyal American to help win the war by maintaining rigidly as a minimum of saving the following program: "Have two wheatless days (Monday and Wednesday) in every week and one wheatless meal in every day. "Explanation On wheatless' days and in 'wheatless' meals of other days, use no crackers, pastry, maca roni," breakfast food or other cereal food containing wheat, and use no wheat flmir in anv form exceot the small amount that may be needed for thickening soups or gravies, or for a binder in cornbread and other cereal breads. AS TO oreaa, n you Dame n at home, use other - cereals than wheat, and if you buy it, buy only war bread. Our object is that we should buy and consume one-third less wheat products than we did last year. "Have one meatless day (Tuesday) in every week, and one meatless meal in every day'. Have two porkless days (Tuesday and Saturday) in every week. "Explanation 'Meatless' means without any cattle, hog, or sheep pro ducts. On other days use mutton and lamb in preference to beef or pork. 'Porkless' means without pork, ba con, ham, lard or 'pork products, fresh or preserver. Use fish, poultry and eggs. As a nation we eat and waste nearly twice as much meat as we need. ' "Make every day a fat saving day ( butter, lard, lard substitutes, etc.) Explanation Fry less; ibake, broil, boil r stew instead. Savi meat drip pings: use these and vegetable oils for cooking instead of butter. Butter has food values vital to children; there fore give it to them. Use it only on the table. Waste no soap; it is made from fat. Be careful of all fats. We smaller tnoes. xne rurKisn , w i . ,, , uf anxt- uoc - pers have recently shown some ety as to the large decrease in popu lation lately caused by the war "and the prevalence of diseass,. and urged the government to take stepa to decrease mortality and increase the birth rate. but as Mr. Mallett had not long be fore that helped Trotzky out with a loan, he did not feel like playing the part of host to him for an indefinite period. Emma Goldman, the anar chist, was another radical who wished to spend a vacation at the colony but was not tticouraged by Mr. Mallett. as much fat as W need. "Make every dy a sugar saving day. "Explanation Xfee less sugar. Less sweet drinks an candy containing sugar should be used in war times. As a nation wehave used twice as much sugar as e need." The card caujons householders also against hoardirf food, and gives re newed assuran that the government "by its controor exports mi retain for our peopla sufficient supply of-.' every essentia' foodstuff." Warning J against limits: the food of growing I children alsds riven.