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THE INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL, SUNDAY, JUNE 17; isdo. A DREAMER FROM JAPAN ION!: .t'OGL'ClII VISITS CHICAGO AXD i:riu:ssns ms views. He lind No Trace of Dnllnens, bnt Is ot Altogether Flensed with What lie Sees About Him Chios ?o Post. Some six years ago Tone Noguchl left his own fowery land of Japan to study the ways and speech of Americans. Yone 'opuchi is a poet, a dreamer of dreams. A rose petal puts him in ecstasies; a bill- A b'Xird drives him to frenzy. Until a few d.iys ago he lived on the .Pacific coast, yhTe he could watch the sun sinking far beyond the Golden Gate and breathe to It a message to his kin at home. But when r. would turn and face the evidences of mad money-getting all about him the con trast was grating. If he could not dream hll the time he did not want to jdream, at. ail: so he came to Chicago. Not yet recovered from the bewilderment of that wild ride across half the conti nent. Yone Noguchl was found by the Kvenimj Tost, and he kindly consented to talk of his Impressions, just as they came t him, about Chicago, the "city of men." II re is his lirst talk: "Now, after such an incessant ride of three days and nights from a boy town a very smart boy town on the Faciflc coast, I am here for a little time to study the gre.it Chicago. Chicago! What do I feel, do you ask? I f-fl really, as if I was taken by a devil to the City of Men, far beyond reach of moun tain or river. It acted on me as a great dram of surprise; that tremendous rail road train took my breath away complete ly. Do you know I am a shy, without- knowledge-of-the-world poet a little use- Ipfs poet one hundred years late, maybe, u?lr.g myself to dream in solitude! I kept me quiet as a star of spring night, I was breathing in indolence. "Now, when the devil, the great overland train, fled with me over 2,010 miles during only a few days how in the world can I be without excitement, without losing myself? "Please let me find repose and some fresh water. Is it impossible to secure me a pure water as in California"? A thick sediment of mud or sand at the bottom of the glass is no harm, you say? Chicago water is horrible. "Did I recover my breath and set correct my ideas in order; what should I say first on Chicago? "Look! The Chicagoans are all alive; in deed, they are rushing on like a storm; they are jumping In clanging street cars. J saw here for the first time In my life such a dangerous procession of street cars cars above my head, cars under my feet, cars everywhere in this great city. Yes, sir, no one is sleeping In Chicago; no one is dying in Chicago. Chicago is the wonder, the city of men; not a city of women, not a city of nature, of course. "Do you ask me if men Interest me more than birds or trees? You want me to say that what interests me most is human nature, don't you? Yes. I find new Interest in people since I came to the city of men- Chicago. "Hello, my dear San Francisco; I am a Chicago boy now. Good-bye, my frtonds on the Pacific coast. Pray, let me be bold enough to speak truth. California thank God I could get out of California San Francisco, to speak more accurately, is simply an insane asylum. Chicago is a crazy city also, as I see. PRODS THE BILLBOARDS. "How long would the ocean continue to slr.g for truth that had departed from the world? What a shame to have the divine ocean facing the nasty advertisement of The Girl from Paris or some one's beer! It is a disgrace, San Franciscans, which you must correct. The tasteless advertise ments merely spoil the beauty of the nat ural scenery. The Japanese government gave a wise judgment when it forbade to post advertisements at the beautiful Hi gashi Yami, Kyoto, in the time the national exposition was held. "The Americans carry their business at mos-phere wherever they go; in their foot pteis always they leave behind the un asreeble smell of commerce; they are like one who scatters around some ill odor. "I myself, however, have had many a glorious hour with the ocean, laying me on the graceful shore; what a joy It was to iau in sleep hearing the simple, great, hon est. masculine lullaby of that ocean! "The San Francisco girls sting you often as a wasp; they have the grace and small waist of the wasp. Their golden hair is dyed in the everlasting sunshine and the lreshest air; their eyes are fallen stars of creamy, summer night; their footsteps are lUht and soft as the fluttering wing of the morning butterrly; they are so glad to show their well-shaped shoes and slender ankles by raising daintily their skirts. How happy J ieit mingling among them! I was per lectly intoxicated with their beautiful faces as with wine. Their sharp, melodious voice was a queen's command to me. "Joaquin Miller, the poet of the Sierras. was my demigod; he is the victor of life and peace; he stands aloft as a muse scorn lug the wanton menace of the city. "I became tired with them all; I needed change. I left the Pacific coast. "But how long I can stand with this Chicago? Only God knows. "I tell you, O how sad I felt not seeing eny star at the night of my arrival! Stars are not kind to Chicago. "If the most noisy place is hell surely Chicago must be hell. The only quiet thing 1 have seen in Chicago is the water of the Lake of Michigan. "Chicago Is the city of cars and wagons. Chicago is the city of high buildings did I xpect to see a twenty-story-high building in my life. I being a Japanese used to living In a ridiculously small house, like a bird's home? Chicago is the city of dusts, i-moke and littered streets. Certainly there re plenty chances for negroes to make fortunes polishing shoes and dusting coats. "Chicago is the city of dirty creatures; thre are many ragged, barefoot boys in r.nd out and through the crowded lanes of trade, the human street sparrows. Chl c ;go l-j the city of pig killing and pork ri-cking the Chicagoans ought to be fat with the native production, the greasy perk, but on the contrary, they are rather thin but firm In construction. They are rot ?o handsome as the Californlans; their complexion is not fair, their hands and it et are large. NO DULLARDS THERE. "One thing, however, that strikes me Tr.o?t forcibly in walking on the streets f Chicago is the total absence of tleepy l""klr.g faces there i not even one sleepy r...rtal. I tell you. How foolishly the Jap- :.es look In brown skin and dreamy eyes! Prown itself is Ihe color of melancholy nd stupidity; but It shows some sweetness er-d pleads guilty to contentment. Brown I like night. "The white-skinned Americans like the day; they are the people of hard working, as the daytime Is of work, "he Orientals are the people cf rest and tfrrams. "The Americans that means Chicagoans, inre Chicago is the typical city of this Kut republic of riches and business are r. -thing if they do not work hard, as the jck is nothing if it do not move. The C.icagoanj were born to work hard; even f -3?ars lazy enough to beg in Chicago hnrdle a music machine. "Oh. what a feverish activity! The Chl ensoans are never still, never pause to think; they are not at rest. Even when they are sitting they must be on the move; tliiy talk loud on modern topics on Hying - rnachlnf-s or the eIorement of a society bll Look at the rocking-chair habit of -Americans a part of their scheme of per petual motion, nowhere else so nearly achieved! "Why do the Chicagoans work so hard? For happiness? I hardly believe they are working for happiness, but I believe they working because they love work; they Imply like to go ahead; they cannot be zy; they are like the overland train. . "Americans, if I mistake them not, are Hot a people with serious ambitions. Chl aso. the typical American city, is tba representative of 'go-aheadism And Chi cago has not much brain, but has the most wonuerxui physical power." THE BAYONET'S HISTORY. Originally It Und Nothing to Do vitli f;un Storlen of Its Use. London Globe. H is rather curious that the weapon first called a bayonet had nothing to do with musket , or ritie, but was simply a short, flat dagger. Three hundred years ago it was described as a small pocket dagger. and ajaln a a great knife to hang at the girdle like a dagger. Lingard. the histor ian, writing of a Kittle fought in France in 145. says that the English commander "was slain, as he lay on the field, with a bayonet" meaning, no doubt the kind of weapon we have just described. British soldiers' did not carry a bayonet of the modern kind as part of their equipment till the time of Charles II. That not very warlike monarch ordered by royal warrant that the soldier were "to have and to carry one bayonet or great knife." In those days a "great knife" was a kind of last resource. The bayonet in its first form - - . . could only be used by having its handle screwed solidly into the musket barrel, thereby completely blocking the muzzle; so it was not until the ammunition was ex hausted, or until the enemy were so close that there was not sufficient time for the somewhat lengthy and complicated process of recharging the clumsy old muzzle-loading muskets it was not till then that the bayonet was brought Into play. Our friends the enemy, however, before long taught us how to turn the weapon to better account. "While the battle of Ram lllles was in progress, in May, 170G, some keen-eyed observer on the British side no ticed that the French Infantry were able to charge with the bayonet immediately they had fired their volley, not waiting to screw their "knives" into the muzzles of their muskets. "When the battle was over and Marlborough's victorious troops held the field, pome of the firelocks abandoned by the foe in their Might were picked up and examined, and it was found that the bayonet was secured by a circular band of metal clasping the .barrel, a simple ar rangement which left the muzzle perfect ly clear. The wonder is that such a clum sy process as stuffing the solid handle of the bayonet into the mouth of the musket was ever adopted at all. Our military authorities, however, were not above tak ing a hint from the enemy, and the Eng lish bayone'ts were soon fitted after the French manner. There has been some discussion as to the origin of the word "bayonet." The com monly received explanation is that the weapon takes its name from the city of Bayonne, in southern France, where the bayonet is supposed to have ben first made or first used. This is like enough, although there Is no direct evidence on the point, but It is also possible that the word is derived, as a diminutive, from an old French word, "bayon," which meant the arrow or shaft of a crossbow. The transfer of the name, with the added diminutive termination of ' ette," from the long-pointed arrow to the short, stabbing dagger, would be natural and easy, but the matter is of no great importance, and it is certain ly not worth dogmatizing about. It ; may be noted, by the way, that the vulgar pronunciation of "bagonet," or "bagnet" "Now.genTmen, 'fall on, as the English said to the French when they fixed bagglnets," remarked Mr. Weiler at the picnic Is of very long standing, and was originally of the highest respectability. A dictionary-maker of 1751, Benjamin Mar tin, after defining- the word as meaning "a short dagger, having, instead of a hilt, an hollow iron handle to fix it to the muzzle of a musquet, now used instead of a pike," goes on to say; "We speak the word bagonet." Another lexicographer of a few years later remarks, somewhat naively, that the bayonet, "when ammuni tion Is spent, is no bad resource." A very early example of the now vulgar pronun ciation may be found in the London Ga zette of 1G92, where, in No. 2742, "baggonets and all other arms" are mentioned in an official notice. And a little later, in a book published about 1700. the authorship has been attributed to Defoe, some peaceful person plaintively pleads: "I came not into the world to be cannonaded or bagon neted out of it." The weapon, however, has pushed a great many peaceful felk, as well as its more legitimate prey, out of the world. No army, of course, can claim a monopo ly of the use of the bayonet, but it has been peculiarly associated with the heroic doings of British Infantry on many a hard fought field, and in many a struggle in the Imminent deadly breach. At Waterloo it was the bristling lines of bayonets gird ling the invincible squares of infantry that the French found It vain to attack. Again and again the French cavalry surged against those seemingly solid Islands of men and steel, but could make no impres sion on them. More recently, at Abu Klea and on other Egyptian battlefields, the gal lant Dervishes who survived the fire of rifles and Maxims found the line of bayo nets a last and impregnable line of de fense. As a weapon of offense, too, as well as of defense, the bayonet has proved of wonderful efTect in British hands. Other enemies than Boers have found it difficult to face the "cold steel" at close quarters. Sir Henry Havelock, describing a small ac tion during the mutiny struggle in India, when three of the enemy's guns were strongly posted behlng a lofty hamlet, well intrenched, says that he ordered the Sev-erty-eighth Highlanders to advance. "Never," he wrote, "have I witnessed con duct more admirable. They were led by Colonel Hamilton, and followed him with surpassing steadiness and gallantry, under a heavy lire. As they approached the vil lage they cheer. -3 and charged with the bayonet, the pipes sounding the pibroch. Need I add that the enemy fled, the village was taken, and the guns captured?" The combination of bayonets and bagpipes was Irresistible. ; The glittering steel did similar work on many of the Peninsular battlefields. At the sanguinary struggle of Busaco the hold of the British on the height which was the main object of the French attack was se cured by the charge ordered by Crawford when, in Napier's graphic phrase, "eight een hundred British bayonets went spark ling over the brow of the bill." A few days before this battle was fought a singu lar incident had occurred, when a single Irish soldier attacked .the French army with his bayonet! It was toward the end of the fighting on the Coa, and practically the whole of the British army had re treated across the river. Among the last to come down to the bridge was a gigantic Ulsterman named Stewart, called the "Boy" because he was only nineteen years of age. though of great stature and strength. Throughout the action he had fought bravely, but when he reached the bridge he refused to pass. "Turning round." says the historian, "he regarded the French with a grim look, and spoke aloud as follows: 'So. this Is the end of our boasting! This is our first battle and we retreat! The boy Stewart will not live to hear that said.' Then, striding forward in his giant might he fell furiously on the nearest enemies with the bayonet, refused the quarter they seemed desirous of grant ing, and died fighting in the midst of them!" Natural DridRe for Salt?. . New Orleans Times-Democrat. The great natural bridge in Rockbridge county. Virginia, has been put up for sale. From the time of George III the natural bridge of Virginia has divided honors with Niagara, as one of the wonders of the new world. It approaches the great cata ract In grandeur and the awful mystery of its fashioning. A single block of lime stone 213 feet high, and with a width of 100 feet, it forms a natural span over a chasm where the sun never enters. The vis itor" follows a tumbling cascade down the western slope of the Blue Ridge moun tains right in the heart of Virginia until he finds himself in a dark canyon with the great bridge towering above him. High up on one of the rocks, thirty feet from the ground, are the letters "G. W.," quite alone, where Washington when a young man climbed and carved the initials of the name which was to go down in history to the end of time. According to one of the fictions of royalty, the natural bridge, like all other God-given things of earth, belonged to the sovereign of Virginia. On account of the prominence of the name and family perhaps, rather than through love of the part it played in history, George II gave to Thomas Jefferson the natural bridge and two thousand of the brond acres surrounding it. Long Rfter the statesman was ashes the great natural wonder and the rugged acres spreading near it re mained 4n the hands of his heirs. Colonel Parson purchased the property about the time of the civil war. He was killed some time later. Exhibited as a curiosity, the natural bridge has for the last fifteen years yi'lUl about ;iO,CCO a year. MR. CARNEGIE'S FORTUNE ms n:nsoAL expcascs said to hi: HALF A MILLION YEARLY. PJItSjburjjcrs Surprised Thnt He Ksti mates Hi Wealth at "Only" ?20J, 000,000 l'rlek.' .Interest Pittsburg Letter in Philadelphia Press. Andrew Carnegie's statement made a few days ago in London,, that he could clean up J200.OJ0.0O0 by disposing of all his interests, chiefly taose of the Carnegie Company, has revived discussion in Pitts burg concerning Mr. Carnegie's enormous single fortune. It is interesting to note what difference it would have made in the Carnegie pile had II. C. Frick and his as sociates accepted the settlement which Mr. Carnegie wanted to make when Mr. Frick withdrew from active business. According to the figures which were given by Mr. Fric,k, his wealthier part ner would vto-day be richer by the sum of about i 15,000,000. Mr. Carnegie would now be worth a quarter of a billion of dollars, had Mr. Frick acquiesced in the proposed settlement. But Mr. Frick did not acquiesce and in consequence that gen tleman received about $13,000,000 In addi tion to what Mr. Carnegie wanted to give. It is also known that the basis of set tlement was very satisfactory to those partners who did not Join Mr. Frick in his fight. They became large beneficiaries by the terms of the final settlement and the total addition to their holdings by the reorganization of the company amounts to a sum in the neighborhood of $30,000,000. This amount would have gone into the already well-filled wallet of the laird of Skibo Castle, had Mr. Frick not brought his famous suit or had Mr. Carnegie fought and won "it, instead of dropping out be fore the draw. The statement of Mr. Carnegie In Lon don estimating his fortune at $200,000,000, caused some surprise in Pittsburg, where it has been supposed that Mr. Carnegie had a larger private fortune than this would indicate. A gentleman conversant with. Mr. Carnegie's affairs states that he received in the final settlement of the Frick suits, bonds of the new Carnegie company to the amount of about $S7,000, 000 and stock to the amount of about $$3,000,000. This makes the entire Carnegie interest in the company $170,000.000. In ad dition to this Mr. Carnegie is credited with holding Investment securities of vari ous sorts and cash to the amount of about $30.000.000. the latter constituting a sort of private fortune. Mr. Carnegie's statement is taken to mean, among those who know him, that he now admits the validity of II. C. Frick's claim as to the value of the Carnegie in terests. One prominent Plttsburger, upon reading the statement attributed to Mr. Carnegie, said: "I don't think that a man with all that wealth should covet Naboth's vine yard, especially after Naboth had helped him to get it." This was in reference to H. C. Frick, whose management of the Carnegie property for many years Is con sidered by Pittsburg manufacturers as the great factor in placing that concern on its present footing. CARNEGIE'S FIRST WEALTH. Owing to his association with the Penn sylvania Railroad Mr. Carnegie made his first money out of the American sleeping car invented .by Josiah Woodruff. lie was one of those who took up Woodruffs idea, which was later developed by George Pull man. This was the first cash made by An drew Carnegie in a commercial enterprise of any consequence. It gave him an oppor tunlty to go into oil when the first big wells came In throughout Venango county, in the days bf Oil Creek and Pithole. He was a stockholder in the Columbia Oil Com pany, a concern which earned $1,000,000 in its first year. Out of that deal Mr. Car negie made about $200,000, giving him a for tune of $300,000, which meant something in those days. Soon after this Carnegie went into iron. He started the Keystone bridge works through the aid of W. L. Piper and Mr. Schiffier. who were employed on the western division of the Pennsylvania Rall- J road during-Mr. Carnegie's connection with the road. The Edgar Thomson rail mills were built by Mr. Carnegie to turn out 30,000 tons of rails annually. When the late Cant. W. R Jones produced 60,000 tons one year tt was hailed as a remarkable feat. Just before Mr. r tick left the concern the same works had a producing capacity of 650,000 tons of steel rails annually. A good story is told about Carnegie and Jones. On one of his visits to Braddock Mr. Carnegie said to Mr. Jones: "Do you know, Mr. Jones, it Is one of the greatest pleasures of my life to feel, when I am on the ocean going away, that I have such competent men in charge, and that I am leaving a man like yourself behind to run the mill." "I feel that way, too," said Captain Jones without cracking a smile. Mr. Carnegie's annual expense account is in itself a fortune. Up to five years ago, when he married, it is estimated that he spent about one hundred thousand dollars per year to live. Suites of apartments in London and New York were constantly kept in readiness fcr him. Since his mar riage it is estimated that Mr. Carnegie's annual living expenses amount to about half a million dollars. The maintenance of Skibo Castle in Scotland alone costs a princely income. Among his remaining annual expenditures is a private pension list which contains the names of poor friends. Among them are those who helped young "Andy Carnegie without dreaming that he would one day be able to help them. On this list for many years was the name of an old man who had been kind to young "Andy" when he was a telegraph messen ger. The old man was" very poor when discovered by the steel manufacturer, and the latter settled the sum of $1,500 per year on h;m and upon his death it was paid to the widow. HIS NUMEROUS FADS. Mr. Carnegie has had numerous fads in addition to libraries and pipe organs. One of them was the owning of newspapers. Ten years- ago he bought up eighteen second-rate English newspapers, with the idea of running them on a common basis. He sold out at a small loss when he found that he was making personal enemies on ac count of the diverse views his newspapers were forced to express in order to suit the tone of their respective localities. In one town Mr. Carnegie was a Radical, in an other a Liberal and in still another a Con- rtrvutife. Mr Carnegie has a host of cousins and nieces and nephews, but few close relatives, living. The nearest one is George Lauder, jr., of Dunfermline, Scot land, the birthplace of the steel baron. He is an uncle to Mr. Carnegie and is the lather of George Lauder, one of the Car uegie partners. The personal characteristics of Mr. Car negie and Mr. Frick may be said to be divergent. Mr. Carnegie is short in stature and not very stout, considering his age. Mr. Frick is taller, of much more substan tial build. Both men wear full beards. Mr. Carnegie's Is almost white. Mr. Frick's is beginning to turn Iran gray. In tempera ment Mr. Carnegie is somewhat abrupt, quite Impulsive and rather excitable. Mr. Frick is the picture of self-control, cool and collected, yet wi.hout creating the feeling of distance. Mr. Frick is essentially a man wedded to the pleasures of domestic life. He takes especial delight in his chll dren, as well as children generally, for whose pleasure he often throws open his splendid private conservatories. JCothing need be said, of course, concerning Mr. Carnegie's well-known philanthropy. Until a few years, ago Mr. Carnegie led the ex istence of single blessedness. At present Mr. Frick remains a silent partner in the concern. His position Is practical) that of an investor. He has no share or part, nor does he wish it, in the management of the business. Mr. Carnegie is in England. Mr. Lovejoy, former secretary of the company, is tak ing a long rest with his family by the breakers. Mr. Phlpps is taking no active part in the business, and Mr. Curry is dead. In the meantime the record be Inj made by the new management pf the big company 13 being watched with great interest by the industrial world. ARE PROFESSIONS CROWDED? Men AVho Claim to Know Sny There la llonni for AIL. New York Evening Sun. A Boston newspaper has been interview ing the local college authorities to ascertain whether the professions are overcrowded. if success comes to the average worker. whether he makes, a living the first year. and what percentage of graduates of the schools abandon their profession for some other means of employment. Both Dean Samuel C. Bennett, of the Boston Law School, and Dean James Barr Ames, of Harvard, say that the legal profession is not overcrowded, and that most of the young men who embrace it remain In its ranks. Prof. Ames scouts the idea that a young lawyer can make his bread and but ter the first year. "It is not to be expected of him," he says. Prof. Bennett, who goes more Into particulars, says that fully 00 per cent, of the graduates of his school stick to the law. It was only the most capable men who paid their expenses in the first year of practice. The professor believes that any young lawyer who Is in earnest and is determined to succeed will get on. Nevertheless, he makes the unex pected admission that "two-thirds of the lawyers to-day could do practically all the law business that there is to be done." No doubt there are men at the bar who would say that Dean Bennett's proportion is flagrantly too large. But they are either mercenary or unduly ambitious or perhaps they are rank failures. What about medicine? Dr. J. P. Suther land, dean of the Boston University schools of medicine, says he knows of only three graduates of the schools during the last fifteen years who have left the profession. About one-half of the young doctors, he thought, kept the wolf from the door the first year. If industrious and temperate the medical man- was bound to succeed. Dr. William H. Richardson, dean of the Har vard medical school, was not so enthusi astic, but he was sure the practitioner of even mediocre abilities would succeed if he attended to business. But, said the dean, he can't go to football games and sail about the harbor. As a rule, no young doctor paid his bills with the fruits of his practice the first year. Dr. Eugene H. Smith,' dean of the Harvard dental school, declared that there were by no means too many dentists. The outlook for the beginner, he said, was better than ever before. Ninety-five per cent, of his graduates were still filling and pulling teeth. But the first year it was up hill work. He knew of several men who had made $2.000 the first year, but if a novice earned $500 he had done well. A statement made by Secretary James L. Love, of the Lawrence scientific school of Harvard, is worth the attention of young men who have not chosen a career: "I should say that there are not one-half enough professional graduates in engineer ing to-day. I do not think there is the slight est fear of overcrowding. In mining, civil, mechanical and electrical engineering I know of no difficulty that our graduates have had In getting started." The average student who is in earnest makes a living and few leave the profession. Secretary II. W. Tyler, of the Institute of Technology, also said there was abundant room in it. Less than 10 per cent, of the graduates gave it up. He thought there were perhaps too many naval architects at present, "doubtless due to recent naval exploits, the great Increase in shipbuilding, etc." There had been a rush into this branch. Perhaps these gentlemen are not impar tial observers, or rather they speak with a professional eye to their own courses and departments, which is natural under the circumstances. A dean would not be worth his salt if he didn't diffuse enthusiasm, and he would be a poor professor who should discourage young men from selecting the career in which he felt the most Interest. The thing lost sight of by pessimists is that population in the United States increases by great strides, and in prosperous times there is an ever-growing volume of busi ness for professional men. Perhaps not as many of them succeed as the college au thorities believe, for appearances- are some times misleading aTid your professional man is likely to hide his embarrassment from pride. But. that most men at the bar, and in medicine, dentistry and engineering can make a decent living is not to be doubted, for brains are not so much re quired as Industry and thrift.. If a high or der of skill were an essential we know that most of them would fall. There is, there fore, no reason why they should leave their careers in droves. As to making both ends meet the first year, it Is not Industry and zeal that accomplish it so much as energy, assurance and personal magnetism. Many a novice who can show a bank deposit at the end of his first year fails to reach high rank In his profession. OUR ITALIANS. Eighty rer Cent, of Them Unakllled Lnborerw. J. G. Speed, in Ainslee's Magazine. The Italians who have taken the place in the field of labor formerly occupied by the Irish constitute a very important part of our foreign population, and as they are still coming in great numbers their pres ence with us is the cause of much interest ing speculation. In 1S30 the Italians were only 1S2.5S0. Of these 118.106 were in the north Atlantic States, 4,894 in the south Atlantic, 21.S37 in the north central: in the south central 12.314 and in the Western 24,-914- There is a general Impression that these Italians, most ef them men, come here to work very hard for a few years and then go back to live in easy idleness on their savings. There may be something in this, for they do go back and forth a great deal. For instance, in 1&97 there were 53,431 Italian arrivals, and of these 10,913 had been in the United States before. It may be depended upon that most of those thus returning come to stay permanently. In the nine years since the census was taken 554,072 Italians have come Into this country as immigrants and reimmigrants. If half of those who were here in 1S0 have gone back and one-fourth of those who have since arrived have also returned then the Italian population may -be set down as 511,844. This, however, is mere guess work and has no statistical value. But from what I am told by the officials of the Bureau of Immigration I fancy that the guess is pretty accurate and that the Italian population in America is not far on either side from half a million. They do not bring as many women as other im migrants, so it is only, natural for those who mean to make permanent homes to go back for their sweethearts and their fami lies. Of the 78,740 Italians who came last year only 23,100 were females. They are more illiterate than any other immigrants that we have, as only about half of them can read. The Russians (Hebrews) crowd the Italians pretty closely in this regard. as 41 per cent, of them are illiterate, 'ihese Hebrews, however, set about learning to read very quickly when they are still young enough, while comparatively few of their children are suffered to grow up without going to school. "The Italians, as I have said before, are the public-works laborers of the time. They work diligently with the pick and shovel, and the Irish bosses make them perform prodigious tasks with these Implements which the Iiish have in great measure dis carded. Probably SO per cent, of the Italian Immigrants are unskilled laborers. But they take to other things very kindly. They have actually driven the negroes out of the bootblacking field, and even the Irish por ters now at tne oesunoteis no longer have a monopoly of polishing the boots of the guests. They are an amiable Deoole and very apt to be law-abiding. They are hot tempered. It Is true, or rather quick-tempered. Their fights, however, are gener ally among themselves, and in nearly nine eases out of ten these are the result of jealou?y. It may be that when there are women enough to go around they will leave off using the stiletto entirely. In New York, at least, they are no loncrer exten sively in the fruit business, which thev once almost monopolized. The itinerants who now polish apples and carry them 'about in carts are nearly all Greeks. At any rate, the Italians are now doing very useful work in America, work that it would be difficult to find others to do unless we opened the doors to the Chinese." "Broken Knacklea. New Orleans Times-Democrat. "I have often been amused," said a New Orleans surgeon, "in reading accounts of prize fights to learn that such and such a slugger "broke his Knuckles' in the 'steenth round. It is said by Corbctfs man- ager, lor instance, iuui ne broke a knuckle on each hand during his recent bout with Jeffries, and similar mlshan3 oc cur almost every time a couple of bruisers get into ft rlnj; or course that Is all besh, as anybody knows who has even a rudi mentary knowledge of physiology. If Cor- bett had really broken a knuckle, which is a very rare and serious injury, he would nave been placed hors du combat imme diately, and his fighting days would have been over forever. No .man alive could strike a blow with his fist after the actual fracture of a Joint. The rain would be ex cruciating. What probably happened, as a matter of rast, was a simple dislocation, which is bad enough of itself, but not to be compared with a broken bone. The phrase I quoted is merely part and parcel of our great American habit of exaggera tion. CHA.NGES IX ORATORY. .Method 3Iade Popular by Dr. Storrs ot Sow Liked. New York Letter in Philadelphia Press. .About twenty years ago, the lawyers of the New York bar, and we are told some oi the greater lawyers of the bar of other cities, were persuaded .to discard the ro tund, classic, formal and heavily digni fied form of address and to adopt anotner which seemed to be unconventional, to be conversational, but which if it were really that became tame, uninteresting end unworthy a great intellect. Josepn H. Choate, with whose distinguished rela tive Dr. Storrs began the study of law, was perhaps the first of our lawyers to adopt the apparently unconventional or, misnamed, conversational style. With Choate it has been an art as dili gently studied, as carefully exploited, as experimentally tested as is the art of our greater painters. He did not reacn perfection at first, but those who have listend from time to time to his ora tions and addresses in court perceived gradually a change until he had at last attained that perfection which at first both shocked and yet delighted the Su preme Court of the United States and Is both the despair and the envy of many of hl3 imitating brethren at the bar. There has come to New York recently a clergyman of whom first of all clergy men talked much and whose repute seems to be extending to the community so that lawyers and laymen who have a passion for the higher art of oratory are thronging his church that they may be fascinated and at the same time that they may study his methods. He is the Rev. Dr. Babcock, who is the successor of the literary clergyman, Dr. Van Dyke, who resigned the Brick Church pulpit that he might accept the professorship of literature at Princeton. Van Dyke's sermons always charmed just as the exquisite cadences and al most Italian softness and smoothness of his chosen words did the congregation which long listened to the sermons of the Rev. Dr. Coe, who is a son-in-law of Dr. Storrs. And yet, after hearing Van Dyka or Coe, there was always the suggestion of patient labor, of utmost polish, of the careful sculpturing of the form and the expression so that there was a sense not only of the art but of the workman ship which had made the art possible. With Dr. Babcock's preaching no one ever thinks ef his workmanship any more than the entranced listeners to a flute-like voice of Wendell Phillips ever realized that any labor lay behind the utterance they were hearing. Our clergymen are still so greatly perplexed by Dr. Babcock's meth od that they do not agree when the ques tion is asked, "Is that art or is it nature; Is it consciously or unconsciously done?" Dr. Babcock seems to carry the coloquial style almost to the limit. He Is utterly unconventional to all appearances. His diction sometimes almost conveys a sense of pain. It is sometimes jagged, sharp, direct, and if there he any merit In the choice of Anglo-Saxon words, then merit of that kind belongs to him, and yet there seems to be no straining for effect. There Is a perception that the right word is used to convey the thought Just as Wag ner sometimes rioted in discords that he might produce the exact effect he sought. Then, too, there Is the feeling while the preaching is in progress that Dr. Babcock has you individually and no other by the arm and is talking to you earnestly, quiet ly, impressively, as he would talk if he were walking the streets with you and were occupied with some Important mat ter that was of mutual interest. Yet one of the most influential of our city clergymen said that he had tried with all of his resources to produce that effect and found It to be impossible, although he was satisfied that to a natural gift for such interpretation Dr. Babcock had added the aid that comes from long discipline and experiment. It is the modern method; whether It is a higher ideal of pulpit oratory than that which Dr. Storrs so long represented or not is perhaps to be more accurately de cided by future generations than by ours, but it makes impossible the sway to-day of anyone who adopts the methods that were characteristic of Dr. Storrs's pulpit oratory. Conspicuous as Dr. Storrs has been for fifty years, influential eis he was both in church and In state, yet it must be said of him that intellectually he left no abid ing Impress upon his time or for future generations. His greatest merit, his su preme influence was not after all in his quality as a pulpit orator, but was in his character. It is as a man of character of the highest and finest type, rather than as a preacher or a teacher of theology that Dr. Storrs will be longest remembered. A GUEST'S MISTAKE. She Wan Wrong In Charging a Hotel Servant with. Dlahonesty. New Orleans Times-Democrat. "Io disputes where the honesty of a house servant is Involved the guest is nearly al ways wrong," said an old hotel man, to whom the question was put In a slightly different form. "You see, when people are traveling the customary routine of their lives has been. temporarily upset and they are surrounded by all sorts of distractions. Under the circumstances it is only natural that they should be careless and forgetful, and that fact is at the bottom of nine tenths of the alleged losses at hotels. Ac tual pilfering by house servants Is so rare as to be almost unknown, and, in a life long experience in the hotel business, I have encountered only two or three proven cases. Some of the complaints we receive would make curious stories. Last Mardi Gras week, for instance, a lady guest came to my office the morning of her arrival and said she had been robbed of a pearl brace let and a pocketbook containing $120, which she had left in a small valise while her room was being cleaned up. She was perfectly calm and told an extremely straightfor ward story. 'Just before I stepped out,' she said. 'I opened the valise and saw the purse and bracelet inside. When I re turned they were gone. I shall look to you to recover them We made a most ex haustive search, without results. Two maids had been in the apartment at the time, but somehow I couldn't be lieve them guilty and wouldn't al low them to be molested. Meanwhile the lady was quiet, but firm, and after several days had elapsed told me she must have a settlement at once. I promised her a check that night, and less than an hour later I received a telegram from the pro prietor of a hotel at Chattanooga request ing me to tell Mrs. that she had left a purse and bracelet there while en route to New Orleans. I was overjoyed and couldn't resist taking a little revenge. So I said nothing until the madame called for the check. Then I told her politely that I had become satisfied upon reflection that she had not left the articles in her room. 'Sir!' she exclaimed, turning scarlet, do you question my word?' 'Not in the least,' 7. replied; 'I merely question your memory.' 'But I tell you I taw the things,' she cried opened the valise, looked at them not ten minutes before I was robbed! I demand Immediate payment and the arrest of those servants!' For answer I handed her the telegram and spared her feelings by walk ing away. How do I recount for such a case? Oh, merely self-deception. The lady was perfectly honest; she thought she saw the articles, but all the same she came very near ruining two entirely Innocent and humble working people. By the way, she called me aside at her departure and told me she was grieved that she had placed the maids under suspicion. 'Just to show them I feel kindly,' rhe said, iet them di vide that between them She pressed a sil ver quarter into ray hand." OUR 'RUSSIAN JEWS. Fifty Thousand Come Every Year Can We Annlrailate Themt J. G. Speed, in Ainslee's Magazine. The majority of Slavs set down in the of ficial reports as Russian?, Polish, Hun garians and so on, are really Hebrews who have been driven away from those coun tries, not because of their religion, but on account' of their methods of conducting business. For Instance, the Jew is never, by choice, a producer. He prefers to be a trader, and. preferably, a money lender. The serfs of Russia were freed as our ne groes in the. South have been. They be came, as a rule, small farmers. Living for many generations under a feudal and patri archal bondage they had little experience in independent business. The Jew money lesdtra and traders la Kuirii c;ca t:c!: c- un ik o f J I 1 SO To complete the repairs on our store we will be closed Monday and Tuesday- Our store will be thoroughly remodeled. When the decorations are completed it will be the handsomest dry goods store in Indiana. WEDNESDAY WE OPEN with an entirely new and complete stock in ail departments. Wait for the greatest opening sale of Dry Goods ever inaugurated in the state. Every thing brand new and will be offered at ex ceedingly low prices. .... a aSX J a k BrosuM! Bro 6 aw a S "W. WASHINGTON vantage of this inexperience, and enticed these peasants Into debt to them. Once In debt, the serfs quickly became slaves again slaves to their creditors. It was to put a stop to this industrial condition and this re-enslavement that the Jews were compelled to leave Russia. We have been most hospitable to them. Of these Slavs we received, for the year ending June 30, 60,982. To be sure, not all of them were He brews, but 24.275 confessed that they were. It is very llkelj. Indeed, that more than fifty . thousand were Hebrews. The year previous we received 27.221 who were con fessedly Hebrews, and the year before that 22,750. To get at an approximation of the real figures, we would have to double these. In the year ending with June, 106, we re ceived 45,127 Russian Hebrews. There is no way to get at the exact facts, but it is quite within the truth to say that within the last decade we have taken into this country half a million of these Slavs, who, in reality, are Hebrews. That we can as similate them seems to be Impossible. They will have to remain a race apart, as will also the negroes. THE PARIS WORK GIRL. She la FriTolona but Harmless, La boriona and Much Maligned. Paris Letter in London Globe. A great feature of Parisian life is the work girl, that bright, dainty, neat and In dustrious type of womanhood. Early in the morning when the shop boys are cleaning the shop windows, an operation which is performed very much earlier here than in London, and when they, the scavengers and the policemen are the only folk abroad, the girls may be seen in their hundreds tripping down from the heights of Mont marte or from Cllchy or from Grenelle Into the heart of Paris. Few are pretty, though one occasionally sees a beauty. Most are piquant and all are not only neat but chic as well. They have their fashions just as richer women have theirs, and each season most of the girls wear very much the same sort of thing, particularly in the way of headgear. More often than not their gowns are black and they have some thing white at the throat and a bunch of violets tucked into the bodice. They walk in groups and giggle and laugh as they trudge along the weary miles that lead them to their hard day's work. At 12 o'clock, the luncheon hour, they pour out into the Rue de la Palx, the Rue de Rlvoll and the surrounding streets, and this time they are hatless. They have splendid hair black, red, auburn, all the varieties. Near ly all have quantities of it, as have all Parisian women of the lower classes, who rarely wear hats, and It is exquisitely dressed. The dejeuner is, as a rule, a meager one. I know of one workroom, be longing, by the way, to an English house, which Is supplemented by a kitchen where the girls may cook something for them selves. There may be others of this kind, but it is not usual, and as a rule it Is a question either of being limited to cold viands brought in the' morning or going to a "cremerie" or a "marchand de vins." At either of these places a small but dainty lunch may be procured for little more than a franc, though, to be sure, even this rep resents a very large slice out of the earn ings of the elegant little "trottln." Five francs a day is an excellent wage, and a woman must be a skillful work woman to get that. In very exceptional circum htances she may get more, but hundreds of girls work for 2 francs (50 cents) or 3 francs a day. Out of that they must feed, or. as we say here, "nourish" themselves, clothe themselves, pay for omnibuses on wet days and for sleeping accommodation If they do not happen to live with their family. Yet with all this they form one of the most patient, laborious and altogether ad mirable classes, though one of the most traduced. The vicious work girl, out of whom certain Parisian caricaturists have made so much capital, exists, indeed, but to a very limited extent. And this is all the more extraordinary when one realizes how much temptation falls in the way of any really pretty work girl. Didn't Like Flattery Oh, No. Washington Post. A girl so pretty that she hadn't the slightest need to be as clever as she was, and so wise that she could have done per fectly well without a tenth of the beauty she had, stood near me at a Marine Band concert not long ago. She had with her a young man whom I should call an average sort of person. He was saying as I came within earshot: "I know most men are that way," and here he paused to enjoy his own super iority; "but I'm not. I never could under stand how the average man can care for flattery as he does. I always want to hear the truth about myself. I never want to be Jollied. I'm funny that way. As soon as I see a girl is trying to jolly me I quit. It may go with most men, but it won't with me." The dear girl looked up with ejes full of Innocent admiration. She had the kind of eyes that look best when they look up. "Yes." she said. "I've so often noticed that about you. You seem to have none of the vanity most men are full of. I shouldn't think anybody who knew you at all would ever try to jolly you. You aren't the kind of a man that cares for flattery." And she looked why, a whole flock of lambs couldn't hold a candle to her for Innocence. The man who didn't like flat tery 'Swallowed it all down like .a hero and smiled. He was perfectly happy. He didn't like to be Jollied. Verily, there Isn't a man on earth who won't dance to the tune of flattery If only a woman knows which instrument of the orchestra to choose to play it on. They "Stronff nim." Washington Post. A young Englishman who left town a fortnight ago to return to his native land after six months' visit In America, took time before he went away to tell me about some of the extraordinary things he has learned on his travels, and now that he i3 on the high seas, where he can't possi bly read this, I am free to repeat to you a most Important and singular fact he Im parted to me concerning Lake Superior. A very learned man told It in Duluth. Here's what the Englishman told me the wise man told him: "You know the water in Lake Superior is intensely cold." said he: "It's a most extraordinary thing, too. for it Is many decrees colder than the water In any other of the Great Lakes It was most Interest ing to me to learn of the curious American custom that causes it. In winter, I was Informed by a " gentleman in Duluth. th ice freezes on Lake Superior to a depth of twenty or twenty-five feet fancy! And the harvesting of the Ice crop, he assured me,. Is the chief industry of the laboring classes. The ice is cut into immense blocks, that are so large it would be dlf 3cult to lift them from the water; so, in jrder to preserve them, they are weighted jrlth shot, attached by ropes to buoys, and zzzZ t3 th? bottom ct th? IzZs. A cc:t ingenious Idea, isn't it? When they are needed they are floated to the surface, towed ashore, and cut up. The whole bot tom of the lake Is quite paved with Ice blocks I am told. It's a most extraordin ary thlnff, but one can't help seein? that that's why the water is ao very cold. Ifa really a lake of Iced water, you know. I shall tell them at home that you Americans are so fond of iced water that you keep a whole lake of it in the Stales. Curious idea, isn't it? But so cleverly American, you know." And perhaps some day there'll be a book printed in England, which shall let all the world know why Lake Superior water 1 so very cold. "WHY SUD WEM TO A IIOSriTAL. Unhappy Kffect of Life in a Washing ton Doardlnc House. Washington Post. There is something positively pathetic to me in the words of a department woman wjiom I ran across yesterday afternoon. I hadn't seen her for several weeks, and she told me she'd been taking a two weeka vacation. "Been out of town?" I asked. "No," she answered; "I've been in a hos pital. Thera wasn't anything the matter with me not even nervousness; but I was tired and wanted to go somewhere where I could sleep in a real bed. You know I've been in Washington ten mortal years, and in all that time I've never slept In a bed. My sister and I took a house when I came here and rented rooms. I slept on a sofa in the parlor. It was one of those sofas that split In the middle and open out into an imitation of a bed. It hadn't any foot board, so thra wasn't any way of tucking in the covert at the bottom. For five years I slept there, and six nights out of seven the covers pulled off my fet. When sister married I gave up the house and took a room In a big apartment house. I had only the one room, so I had to make It look liko a sitting room during the day. In order that I might have a place to receive my friends. I couldn't bear the Idea of a boarding house parlor. Well, first I had a folding bed that looked like a wardrobe. It fell on me once and nearly killed me, so I traded it off for a sofa. For two years I slept on that. It wasn't wide enough to stretch out on. Later I bought a divan and had soft pillows and a cover for it. It hadn't any footboard, of course, and it hadn't any sides to hold the covers on, and It hadn't any headboard to keep the pillows from falling out at night and -giving my head Jerks that nearly broke my neck. For ten years I've slept in a scrappy way. My whole existence has been a sham. The make-believe bed has been the symbol of it. Two weeks ago I went to the hospital. I had a bed that didn't try to be anything else. I had a bolster and a white bed spread. I had a bed wide enough to sleep crosswise in, a bed that was a bed, by day as well as by night. I've been to the springs and th mountains and the sea shore, but I've never been anywhere wher I wa so happy as In that hospital. I stayed In bed two whole weeks doing noth ing but getting solid comfort out of that bed. I am content now to go back to my divan and my shams. I've had two weeks . of the real thing, and my soul is made over new within me." Good Stories Searee. Philadelphia Record. One must have an editorial position In a magazine office to fully comprehend Just how many people there are with literary aspirations. The average parson has no con ception of this vast army. Joseph M. Rog ers, formerly a well-known Philadelphia newspaper man, and who is now editor of a popular magazine, was in town the other day, and during the course cf conversation remarked that there was a great scarcity of good fiction. "We haven't accepted a single short story In several months," ho said. "No; it isn't that we don't have a great mass of stuff submitted; it'a because not one story In ten is worth a careful reading. Some are good, but for one rea son or other they are not Just suitable for our purpose. It is no uncommon occurrence for the mails to bring twenty-five short stories in one day, and our force of readers is kept busy. The same conditions undoubt edly prevail in other magazine, offices. The great wonder is that the people who never have their work accepted do not los heart and give it up. But they don't seem to. They display a tenacity of pupose which would be admirable were it not mis directed." The Wonders of Corn-Stalk nth. New York Ledger. To read of the variety of useful thinga that are to-day being manufactured from Indian corn pith, neglected for centuries as worthless, is like delving into the mysteries of an Indian fairy tale. There are three cellulose "plants" in. the United States. The largest has Just been completed in Indiana, and has a mechanical equipment costing over Jl'Xi,0X. Here Is an interesting list of some of the numberless articles that corn pith will become on Its devious progress through the machinery: A prod uct for protecting battleships, smokeless powder, dynamite, face powder, patent leather finish, kodak aims, varnish and car box packing-ÜUer. It Founds like a modern Aladdin's lamp, as though one had orly to put in the corn pith, start the ma chineryt murmur an incantation, and. presto, the desired article Is at hand, from dynamite to face powder. The outer lining of the constalk, that incloses the pith, fur nishes a separate revenue of its own, as It is converted Into a flour that Is used to feed and fatten cattle and chickens. Over 160.000.00C tons of cornstalks have been an nually going to waste; to-day this farm product Is worth 3 a ton. Where Cape Nome Is. Harper's Weekly. Cape Nome is situated on the shore of Bering sea at the mouth of Snake river, Seward peninsula, central western Alaska. U. 8. A., 65 degrees north latitude and 166 degrees west longitude, and, by the ocean route, distant from its base of supply, Se attle, some 2.700 miles. In making the ocean trip from Seattle one steams westward for 1.900 miles across the North Pacific ocan to Dutch harbor, on the Aleutian archipel ago, and thence northward 800 miles to thi land of gold, passing en route the govern ment's seal rookeries on the Pribyloff islands. During the ocean voyage of ten days one is encompassing a part of the 600,000 miles of Alaskan territory, and on reaching Cape Nome is as far wett cf Se attle as Chicago is east. Hetty Green Idea, Ladles' Home Journal. "A girl." says Mrs. Green, -ought to t careful about the man she marrie. espe cially if he has money. She oughtn't to marry until she's old enough to know what she's doinc, anyway. The scarcest thing In the world to-day la a throuc-l7. reiiatls xr.aa.M ti -