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THE NATIONAL TRIBUTE: "WASHESTGTOS", D. C, APEIL 22, 1882..
possiljility, even "with the vast resources and
mighty energy of the North, of a successful
expedition down the Mississippi. Captain
Scott, a pilot who had accompanied Grant on
his Belmont raid, informed her that it vtjuj
the opinion of all -pilots that the fortifica
tions at Island No. 10 and points below could
never ho taken hy gunboats descending the
river, as, in case of accident to the machinery,
they would inevitably drift into the hands
of the enemy. The thought flashed into her
raind that the true route for an invading
army was by the Tennessee Kivcr, whose
course was almost parallel with the Missis
sippi through the State of Tennessee, but in
an opposite direction. Full of her ideas, she
made inquiries as to the depth of water, and
found that in the winter and spring it would
float the gunboat fleet as far as the Mussle
Shoals in Alabama. The Memphis and
Cliarlcston Railroad was the great lateral
artery through the confederacy, and to de
stroy it would be to redeem the Mississippi
Valley from confederate control. She con
ferred with but one person beside the pilot
from whom she had obtained information
Hon. L. D. Evans, chief justice of the su
preme court of Texas, whom she met at the
Everett House in St. Louis, and who was
entrusted by the Government Avith a confi
dential mission to the Rio Graiulc.andwho, in
a letter to Hon. Henry "Wilson, corroborates
the fact that the conception of the Tennessee
campaign was solely due to Miss Carroll, and
that she communicated it to him about the
middle of November, 1PG1. Having obtained
all the requisite information as to the feasi
bility of her plan, she hastened to "Washing
ton and laid it before the Secretary of "War
and the President. This paper is as follows:
"The civil and military authorities seem
to be laboring under a gieat mistake in re
gard to the true key of the Avar in the South
west. It is not the Mississippi, but the Ten
nessee River. All the military preparations
made in the "West indicate that the Missis
sippi River is the point to which the au
thorities are directing their attention. On
that river many battles must be fought and
heavy risks incurred before any impression
cm be made on the enemy, all of which
could be avoided by using the Tennessee
River. This river is navigable for middle
class boats to the foot of the Muscle Shoals,
in Alabama, and is open to navigation all
the year, while the distance is but two hun
dred and fifty miles by the river from Pa
ducah, on the Ohio. The Tennessee oilers
many advantages over the Mississippi. "We
should avoid the almost impregnable bat
teries of the enemy, which cannot be taken
without great danger and great risk of life
to our forces, from the fact that our boats, if
crippled, would form a prey to the enemy
by being swept by the current to him, and
away from the relief of our friends. Rut
even should we succeed, still we will only
liave begun tho war, for we shall then have
to light the country from whence the enemy
derives his supplies.
"Now, an advance up the Tennessee River
would avoid this danger; for if our boats
were crippled, they would drop back with
the current and escape capture.
"But a still greater advantage would be
its tendency to cut the enemy's lines in two,
by reaching the Memphis and Charleston
Railroad, threatening Memphis, which lies
one hundred miles due west, and no de
fensible point between; also Nashville, only
ninety miles northwest, and Florence and
Tusinmbia, in North Alabama, forty, miles
cast. A movement in this direction
would do more to relieve our friends in
Kentucky and inspire the loyal hearts in
East Tennessee than the possession of the i
whole Mississippi River. If well executed,
it would cause the evacuation of all the
fjivnidnble fortifications upon which the
rebels ground their hopes for success: and, j
in the event of our fleet attacking Mobile,
the presence of our troops in the northern
part oi Alabama would bc:mttcrinl "Aid to'
the fret.
"A;:" in, the aid our forces would receive,
from ffcft loyal men in Tennessee- would
cr.Rfcl? them soon to crush the last traitor in
tn.-rt re yon. and the separation of the two
extremes would do more than one hundred
battle.', for the Union cause.
" The Tennessee River is crossed by the
Memphis and Louisville Railroad, and the
Memphis and Nashville Railroad. At 1 ram
burgh the river makes the big bend on the
cast, touching the northeast comer of Mis
sissippi, entering the northwest corner of
Alabama, forming an arc to the south, enter
ing the Stale of Tennessee at the northeast
corner of Alabama, and if it does not touch
the northwest corner of Georgia, comes very
near it. It is but eight miles from Ham
burgh to the Memphis and Charleston Rail
road, which goes through Tuscumbia, only
two miles from the river, which it crosses at
Decatur, thirty miles above, intersecting
with the Nashville and Chattanooga road at
Stevenson. The Tennessee River has never
less than three feet to Hamburgh on the
'shoalest' bar, and during the fall, winter,
and spring months there is always water for
the largest boats that arc uscd'on the Mis
sissippi River. It follows from the above
facts that in making the Mississippi the key
to the Avar in the West, or rather in ocr
looking the Tennessee River, the subject is
not understood by the superiors in command."
"Philadelphia, May 1, 1872.
"My Dear Sir: I take pleasure in stating
that the plan presented by Miss Carroll in
November, 1SG1, for a campaign upon the
Tennessee River and thence south was sub
mitted to the Secretary of "War and Presi
dent Lincoln, and after Secretary Stanton's
appointment I was directed to go to the
western armies and arrange to increase their
effective force as rapidly as possible. A part
of the duty assigned me w:is the organiza
tion and consolidation into regiments of all
the troops then being recruited in Ohio, In
diana, Illinois, and Michigan, for the pur
pose of carrying through litis campaign then
inaugurated.
"This work was A-jgoronsly prosecuted by
tlje army; and as the valuable suggestions of
Miss Carroll made to the Department some
months before Avere substantially carried
out through the campaigns in that section,
great successes followed, and the country
Avas largely benefited in the saving of time
ana expenditure.
"I hope Congress Avill reAvardMiss Carroll
liberally for her patriotic efforts and services.
"Very truly yours,
"Thomas A. Scott.
"Hon. Henry "Wilson, Chairman Military
Committee, United States Senate."
"Washington", Feb. 28, 1872.
"Dear Sir: I have been requested to
make a brief statement of Avhat I can recol
lect concerning the claim of Miss Xarroll,
now before Congress. From my petition as
chairman of thcCommittec on the Conduct
of the War it, came to my knoAvledgc that
.the expedition which ayos -preparing, under
. 3he special direction of -President Lincoln,
to descend the Mississippi River, Avas
' abandoned, and the Tennessee expedition
was adopted by the Government in pur
suance of information and a plan presented
to the Secretary of War, I think in the lat
ter part of November JtiGl, by Miss Carroll.
A copy of this plan Avas put in my bands
immediately after the fall of Forts Henry
ana" Donclstm. With tbe knowledge of it's
author, I interrogated Avitnesscs bciorc the
committee to ascertain Iioav far militarv men
were cognizant of the fact. Subsequently
President Lincoln informed me tbat tbo
mcrtt of this plan Avas due to Miss Carroll;
that the transfer of the armies from Cairo
and the northern part of Kentucky to the
Memphis and Charleston Railroad Avas her
conception aud a.vus afterwards carried out
generally, and very much in detail, accord
ing to her sncse-lions. Secretary Stanton
nlo converse! itli me on the matter, and
fully recognized Mi.v Carroll's services to
the Union in the orgnnir.ntio:i of this cam
paign. Indeed, both Mr. Lincoln and Mr.
Stanton (the latter only a few weeks before
his death ) expressed to me their high ap
preciation f t hi- service and all the other
wrviees she was enabled to rentier the
e.iuntry by her influence aud ability as a
writer, and they lmth expressed the Avish
that the Government would reward her
libera! for the same, in Avln'ch 1 most iully
concur. J J. F. Wade.
"To the Chairman of the Military Com
mittee of the United States Senate."
"Washington, April 27, 1.S72.
"Sir: Having been requested to state my
knowledge of the Tennessee plan of cam-
j paimi, I respectfully submit that Miss Car
roll Aas the first to suggest to tne Govern
ment the practicability and importance of
moving t lie armies from Cairo up the Ten
nessee River into Northern Mississippi or
Alabama, on the Memphis and Charleston
Railroad.
"It may be remembered that the rebel
power, veiy early in the contest, developed
a strength and proportion which the country
Avas not prepared to expect. This fact, to
gether Avith our failure to achieve any early
military success, Avas having a most depress
ing effect upon the spirit of the country,
Aliile the danger of foreign intervention was
becoming more and more imminent. Indeed,
our Government. Avas warned that, without
some decided military advantage before
spring, England and France Avould acknowl
edge the independence of the South, and
ra:se the blockade for a supply of cotton.
If, then, we Avould preserve the Union, avc
must, in a A'ery short period, gain a strategic
position South that would .ali.rJy the country
and convince European powers of the ability
of the Government to suppress the rebellion.
"To find this decisive point, and the direc
tion in which a blow could be delivered that
Avon Id insure this result, became in the
autumn of l.'fll a matter of the most serious
military consideration. It was in this exi
gency that Miss Carroll visited the West in
quest of information in aid of tho Union, as
she stated to me, and as 1 fully believe.
"From early in October to about the 20th
of November, 3cfll, she A-as at the Everett
House, in St. Louis. I Avas also in that city,
and conversed almost every day Avith her
upon the military and political situation in
that quarter, and especially in reference to
the difficulties to be overcome by the expe
dition preparing to open the Mississippi. I
am, therefore, able from personal knowledge
to state the origin of Hie plan of the Ten
nessee campaign from its inception to its
final draught and presentation to the War
Department. The conception Avhich is em
bodied in this plan occurred to the mind of
MRs Carroll about the middle of November,
1J-U71, in conversation with Mr. Charles M.
Scott, a pilot on one of the transports con
nected Avith the expedition to descend the
Mississippi River. She learned some im
portant facts from hisAvife, Avhomshe met in
the hotel, concerning the naval preparations
for the expedition, and requested to see her
husband, that she might be informed as to t he
special knowledge and opinions of practical
steamboat men, and on hisarriA-alin St. Louis,
after the battle of Belmont, she sent for him.
4 When he stated to her that it Avas his
opinion, and Mint of the pilots generally
Avho were familiar Avith the Avestern Aaters,
that the im-al expedition could not open the
Misssi&stppi; that the gunboats Avere not
fitted to fight down that river, and that it
Avas practical for them to go up the Ten
nessee, the thought occurred to her that the
Government should direct the Mississippi
cxneditiun irp the Tennessee River to some
poriiit in Northern Mississippi or Alabama,
so as to command the Memphis and Cliarlcs
ton Railroad. In a very earnest and ani
mated manner she communicated this
thought to me. Being a native of that sec
tion, and intimately acquainted -with its
geography, and particularly Avith the Ten
nessee River, 1 was at onee impressed Avith
the tremendous A-aluq,,pfT4?Ji.&gstions.
She immediately introduced, Captain -Scott
to mcAvith a request thatl would interrogate
him on his special facts'.' 1c stated thfenum-
ber and strength of the fortifications on the
Missir.tippi, and the impossibility of the gun
boats to i educe them, the Avidth and depth
of the Tennessee River, and the practica
bility of ascending Avith the gunboats to the
foot of the Muscle Shoals, but did not think
they could pass above.
" With the Ariew of ascertaining the prac
ticability of a naval expedition to reach
Mobile, and ascend the Alabama and Tom
bigbee Rivers, I questioned him as to the
depth of these Abaters also. We Avere so im
pressed Avith tho fullness and accuracy of his
information, that Miss Carroll asked him to
Avrite it down for her, to do which he de
clined, as he said, from Avant of education,
but finally consented. The same day she
wrote from St. Louis to Attorney-General
Bates and Hon. Thomas A. Scott, Assistant
Secretary of War, suggesting the change of
the expedition from the Mississippi to the
Tennessee River, and on her arrival in Wash
ington, the latter part of November, she
prepared the plan of campaign appended to
her memorial, and submitted it to me for
my opinion, and, Avithout signature, placed
the same in the hands of Ihomas A. Scott
to be used by the Government without her
name being known in its connection.
"She communicated with the pilot, Cap
tain Scott, at Cairo, what she had done, and
the probabilities that her suggestions Avould
be adopted by the Government, and re
quested him to send her from time to time
all the information lie could gather. He
complied Avith her request, and gave her
further important information, from which
she prepared a second paper on the Tennessee
campaign of January 5, 1$G2, an imper
fect copy of Avhich appears in Mr. Howard's
report. 1 say imperfect, because I have a
A'ery distinct recollection of aiding her in
the preparation of that paper, tracing Avith
her, upon a map of Hie United States vhich
hung in her parlor, the Memphis and Charles
ton i tail road and its connections southward,
the course of the Tennessee, tho Alabamaj
and Tombigbce Rivers, and the position of
Mobile Bay; and Avhcn Henry fell, she Avrote
the Department showing the feasibility of
going either to Mobile or Vicksburg.
"In conclusion, I Avill state that having
critically examined all the plans of out
generals and everything official Avhich has
been published by the War Departmentbcar
ing on this point, and every history that has
been Avritten upon the Avar, it is evident that,
up to the time Miss Carroll submitted her
plan to the Government, it had not occurred
to any military mind that the true line ol
invasion Avas notdoAvn the Mississippi RiA-cr,
nor yet up the Cumberland to Nashville, and
thence overland, but that it Avas the Ten
nessee River, and on that line alone, that the
Mississippi could he. opened and the power
of the rebellion destroyed.
"It had not been perceived that moving
a force up the Tennessee River into Northern
"Mississippi or Alabama strong enough to
maintain itself and command the Memphis
and Charleston Railroad, Avould render all
the fortifications from Bowling Green to Co
lumbus and from Columbus to Memphis
valueless to the enemy, and cause their
cA-aeuation and bring the Avhole Mississippi
Valley under the control of the national
anus. Respectfully submitted,
"L. D. Evans.
"Hon. Henry Wilson, Chairman of the
Military Committee of the 17. S. Senate."
Treasury Department,
Comptroller's Okfice,
February 20, 18(52.
"This Avill accompany copies of two letters
written by Miss Anna Ella Carroll to the
War Department. HaA'ing informed me of
the contents of the letter, I reruestcd her to
permit me to copy her duplicates. When
she brought tliem to inc she enjoined pru
dence in their use. They are vevyexti.iordi
nary papers as verified by t,hc r-uit S
fir -us I know 'or beliWc, our unparalleled
A-ietorics on tho Tennessee and Cumberland
Rivers may ba traced to her sagacious ob
serval tons and intelligence. Her views Avere
as broad and sagacious as the field to he oc
cupied. In selecting tho Tennessee and
Cumberland Rivers instead of the Missis
sippi, she set at naught the opinions of
civilians, of military and naA-al men. Justice
should be done her patriotic discernment.
She labors for her country and for her Avbole
country. Elisiia Whittlesey."
Tho indefatigable strategist continued her
literary labors for the Union cause during the
Avar, and Avhcn finallj-it closed triumphantly
she endeavored to obtain some recognition
from Congress, Avhich had scattered commis
sions Avith a lavish hand and eleA'ated gen
erals to the most exalted positions. Hon. Ben
Wade, Chairman of the Military Committee
of the Senate, Secretary Stanton, Col. Scott,
and others avIio knew that she Avas really
the originator of the plan that produced
such momentous results, saving millions of
treasure and thousands of lives, certified to
the righteousness of the claim. But Mr.
Lincoln Avas dead and Miss Carroll's assist
ance Avas no longer needed. Her memorial
to Congress asking for a modest-remuneration
Avas continued from one session to another,
opposed mainly by army influence, until,
Avorn out in a fruitless efforts to induce the
Government to pay an honest debt", she sank
into the grave. The great name of Carroll
received new luster from the noble woman
Avho inherited it. Like her famous grand
sire she staked her all in defense of her
country and deserves that a monument, com
memorating a Nation's love and gratitude
should be erected to her memory.
A ROMANCE OF REAL LIFE IN GEORGIA.
Five years ago tiiere lived in Pickens
county, among the mountains, as fair a lass
as such a region is proverbial for producing;
a rosy-cheeked, brown-haired, blue-eyed
maiden, with the form of a model and the
grace of a gezelle. She was the daughter of a
Avell-to-do farmer, and her smiles Avere courted
by the brave-hearted young mountaineers,
avIio engaged in honorable competition for a
monopoly of her society. Among these Avas a
dashing young man, handsome, of princely
carriage, aud Avhose fame for courage made
him known in all tho counties around.
Dauntless in love, as in all things else, belaid
siege to the heart of this mountain belle, to
Avhom she capitulated, and though but a
girl in years sevonteen she Avas they
Avere married. She idolized her husband,
and clung to him avHIi a Avorshipful devo
tion, happy only Avhcn Avith him, and ready
to sacrifice her life if need be for him. And
he feeling secure in her love, repaid her at
tachment Avith indifference and gave more
attention to another, a former rival of his
wife, than Avas consistent Avith his obligation
as a husband.
She bore this long in silence and tried
to persuade herself that there Avas nothing
Avrong in her husband's conduct. But the
seed of jealousy awls planted in her heart,
aud found nourishment in the buoyancy
that once existed there. Ere many months
the bloom on her cheeks faded, the bril
I liancy of her eye departed, her merry
j laugh was no longer heard, and the. once
light-hearted and happy girl Avas changed
to the disconsolate and brooding Avoman.
And still no complaint of her husband. He
Avould come back to her, she thought. But
her confidence Avas misplaced ; and at last,
Avhen one night a dancing .parly . Avas given
at 'her father's house, where she lived, and
the source ofherunhappiness Avas among tho
hunted, she approached her husband,' and
j affectionately entwining her arms about his
' neck, begged him, for her sake, not to dance
; Avith the Avoman she hated. Playfully
chiding her for her jealousy, he gave her his
promise that her request should be granted.
She did not engage in the festivities, but.
pleading illness, retired though not to
sleep, however; for she sa"w that her hus
band and her rival Avere under the same
roof. With Avcary eyes aud aching heart
she watched the dancers, but nothing oc
curred on the part of her husband to excite
her jealousy until midnight, Avhen believing
her to be asleep, he took his position in the
next quadrille Avith the Avonian he had
promised his ifo to aA'oid as a partner.
Stung to the heart at this exhibition of
perfidy under tl i roof that sheltered her
home, she watched the danco for a Avhile,
her senses rcemed to desert her, and then
she left the room and sought her father,
from -whom she borrowed a pocket-knife
under the pretext of Avanting to cut a tooth
brush. Securing the knife she returned to
the room in which the-dancing Avas going on,
reaching it just as the last set ended, and go
ing up to her rh'al, Avho was moving towards
a seat, seized her by the shoulder, and, freusied
Avith jealous rage, said, "You have dranced
long enough ! " at tho same time drawing
the open knife from tho fold of her dress and
plunging it deep into the Avoman's neck
making a horrible gash which penetrated
nearly to the heart, from Avhich the blood
spurted several feet in tho air and spattered
OA'er the late dancer. Again . the deadly
blade Avas uplifted, and again it descended,
plunged into the left breast in search of tho
heart, and yet another boAv,vrhcntliOA'ictim
S'mk to the floor dead. So quickly and so
quietly was the aAvful tragedy enacted that
not until the Avoman fell and the blood from
her Avounds was discovered did any one know
Avhat had happened.
When the discovery was made, a rnsh was
made toward the prostrate form, and voices
cried : " Where is the man that struck that
woman?" To Avhich the answer came in a
tone and an altitude of proud defiance from
tho Avronged wife, "I am tho man that did
it." The horror-stricken crowd surged about
the door, when her husband, realizing Avhat
his flirtation had brought about, grasped his
Avife, aud dnvwing his pistol, said: "Gentlc-y
men, I am going to leave this house, and lake
my Avife Avith me; and avc are going through
if have to shoot through." The crowd gave
Avay before him, and going out iuto tho night,
husband and Avife disappeared under cover
of the darkness, and for a whole year evaded
the vigilance of detectives, Avith the incent
ive of S2."j0 reward offered by the parents of
the dead woman, and $150 by the State for
their apprehension. They were finally heard
of in North Carolina, Aviiere they Avere ar
rested and brought back to Pickins county
and lodged in jail, and Avith them a little
girl baby which had become a member of
tho family since their flight. The Avoman
Avas tried for murder, competed, and sen
tenced to death, but through the efforts of
friends the Governor Avas induced to eom
muVi her sentence to ten years in the peni
tentiary, and on the 29th of May, 3878, she
passed through Atlanta on her way to enter
the service of her sentence at a convict camp
in Washington county. SojUmous had thus ,
girl-wife" and- mrirVlereks become her name'
and her deed already the theme in tAvo conti
nent", that the announcement of her presence
attracted the largest throng ever assembled in
the city, Avith the possible exception of one
or more grand special days at the late expo
sition. The surging multitude grew Avild
over the desire to get a glimpse of her, Avhile
she appeared unconscious of her surround
ings, maintaining a dejected and listless air.
Her husband and child accompanied her.
The influence of a universal sympathy se
cured immunity from prison regulations,
and she was allowed to wear her customary
garb instead of the penitentiary stripes. At
the Washington county camp she remained
nearly a year, during Avhich she Avas occupied
in making clothing for the other convicts, her
husband remaining with her and holding the
position of guard OA'er a squad of prisoners'.
She was not restrained in her liberty, but
remained Avith, and had the privileges of, a
member of the family of the lessee. At the
expiration of a year she fell to the lot of an
othpr lessee, Avhose camp Avas in Taylor coun
ty, whither she A-as removed, her husband
folloAving, her little girl dying during her
stay at the Washington county camp. After
eleven months in Taylor county she was
removed to Barton county, Avhere the family
of the lessee resided, where she remained in
the capacity of a domestic until last Febru-.
ary, Avhen tho lessee, Colonel C. H. Howard,
remoA'cd to Atlanta, bringing Avith him the
fair conArict, Avho is still retained as a servant
in his household. Her husband remains with
her and acts as escort, no surveilance being
kept on their movements. They attended
the exposition frequently and alone.
To the reader of five years ago the name
of this woman, the circumstances of her trial,
the trial, conviction, and death sentence Avill
be familiar, for " Kate Sothern" appeared in
the columns of every newspaper printed in
this country, and in many out of it. The
victim of her outraged love Avas Narcissa
Cowart, or " Cis Cowart," as she Avas better
known. Although only tAventy-tAvo years
old noAV, Mrs. Sothern bears the age traces of
thirty. Her countenance Avears a shade of
deep melancholy, and her great blue eyes a,
perpetual expression of sadness. A visit to
her by your correspondent has led to a re
vival of the tragic history of her life. The
columns of the Commercial are sought Avith
an appeal to CAery wife and mother in this
laud to lend her name to a petition to the
GoA'ernor of Georgia for Kato Sothern's
pardon. Atlanta Cor. Cincinnati Comvicrsial.
PHOTOGRAPHING THE DEAD ON THE
BATTLE-FIELD,
" I've been engaged in taking pictures of
the dead for twenty years or more," Avas the
remark of a photographer, as he arranged his
camera to photograph the first corpse ever
brought to a Philadelphia gallery for that
purpose. A little coflin or casket Avas under
the skylight supported by tAvo chairs, and in
it was the body of a fair-haired child, AA'hose
peaceful, smiling expression, despito the
ghastly pallor of death, made it appear to be
in tranquil sleep. "This is tho first time,"
said the photographer, as he critically exam
ined the negative, "that I have ever been
called upon to picture the dead in my own
place, but this case Avas such a peculiar one
that I could not refuse, although it AA-ould
undoubtedly draAV aAvay custom if it Avere
known. People have a foolish horror of
death, you knoAv, and Avould actually be
afraid to come if they thong1 1 il haddbad
bodies here." It only took a moment, aud'fj
there Avas really nothing aAvful about it.
"My first experience in photographing the
dead," resumed the photographer, "Avas on
the battle-field of Antietam. It Avas a warm
September morning, three days after the
great fight. I had a boy Avith me to assist in
preparing the chemicals. He only Avorked
for an hour. With boyish curiosity he Avent
poking about, aud picked up in unexploded
.-hell. He Avas then on the bank of the creek
about half a mile off. I neA'er kneAV how it
happened, but the bomb exploded, and almost
blew him to pieces. A little darkey came up
to Avhere I was Avaiting for the boy's return,
and completely unnerved me by shouting:
' Say, bo.ss, de red-headed gemmen has done
gone and bio wed himself up Avith a shell!'
"It Avould bo useless to go OA'er the scene
of that carnage again ; to tell of the ghastly
after-sights of that aAvful fight which, made
so many widows and orphans. I Avas nerA'Ous
and excited, and you can depend it did not
tend to quiet my nerves Avhen I unAvittingly
planted one leg of the camera stand on the
chest of a dead Union drummer boy! By
some means he had been partly buried in a
patch of soft soil. Nothing was visible but
the buttons on his blouse and one foot. I
changed my position rather hastily. A ' dark
room' was improvised by hanging army
blankets from the limb of a low tree; and
after taking four negatives, I packed up my
traps and started for Philadelphia. It Avas a
slow and dangerous journey, but I made it
safely, and went to Avork printing pictures.
They sold like wildfire at fifty cents and one
dollar each. I Avas nearly two thousand
dollars in pocket in less than tAvo Avceks.
"After the battle of Gettysburg," he re
sumed, " it became very common for photo
graphers to go to the front. They all ap
peared to be makiug money, and I finally
made up mind to try it again. The three
days' fight at Spotlsyhania Court House
Avas the last battle-field I ever saw, or want
to see again. I arrived there before General
Grant had drivou the enemy into Richmond.
Many of the dead had been removed, but
there Avere still many bodies on the field
enough, in fact, to make a good picture, I
thought. I never took it. After getting the
best site to have tho sun on a half dozen
dead soldiers and tAvo abandoned cannon for
tho central figures of the picture, I coA-ered
my head Avith the cloth and brought the
tube to bear on the group. I had just got
the proper focus Avhcn a most startling inci
dent occurred. I saw the arm of a supposed
dead man lift high in the air and then fall.
The day Avas mild, beautiful, and sunny.
Everything Avas as still as death, except the
faint booming of a far-distant cannon. I
dropped the cloth and ran forward to Avhero
the dead soldiers lay. There awis not the
least sign of life in any of them. Decompo
sition had set in, except in one of them, a
dark-haired young man wearing the gray
uniform of the confederacy. He Avas dead to
all appearances, and a ragged bullet-hole in
his forehead precluded any other idea.
Thinking it Avas only imagination, I Avent
back to the camera to make another attempt.
No sooner had I lifted tho cloth to put over
my head than I saAV the arm lift up a second
time. There could be no mistake. Again I
approached the dead men, and looking first
at the young man, Avho seemed to have met
death later thau his companions, I plainly
say a tremor in his fingers. Quickly I bent
-over him, and; placing my hand on his fore
head, found it clammy and cold. He Araa
not dead, but dying. I spoke, and his eyelids
trembled in a sort of unconscious recognition
of the presence of the living. I heard a faiut
flutter of the breath, and saw the shadoAv of
a smile hoA-er for a moment about the lips.
Then came a long-drawn sigh, a weak gurgle
L in the throat, and the soldier boy was dead.
I opened his coat. An old-fashioned da
guerreotype of a gray-haired lady, a pack of
cards, aud a Catholic prayer-book I found
Avrapped up in a small confederate flag. On
the fly-leaf of the book was written 'Henry
Barnes MacHenry. From his mother.' The
poor felloAv had evidently lain Avhere he fell
for tAvo or three days, sufl'ering from the tor
tures of hunger and thirst. Earlier attention
might have saved him. The incident, sim
ple as it may seem to you, frightened me.
I Avent home, and for a year devoted myself
to regular photography.
THE GARFIELD TRAGEDY IN MINIA
TURE. - A jeweler and watchmaker of Middlebnry,
Vermont has recently constructed a curious
clock, which acts out to perfection the assas
sination of President Garfield. The machine
is a common cuckoo clock, under which is a
miniature depot. At the windoAv is a ticket
agent dealing out tickets, while at another a
telegraph operator is seen busy at his Avork,
and truckmen, porters, train dispatchers, &c.,
are all flying round as natural as life. All
of these figures are of wood, about two inches
long. At tho end of each hour the cuckoo
announces the fact, and immediately Garfield
appears on the platform on which the scene
is enacted, accompanied by Mr. Blaine,
Guitcau is seen to follow him, having jnst
alighted from a truck wagon, and as he fires
at the President the latter falls. Just then
a train of cars comes dashing in, and in the
confusion all the principal actors are carried
into the depot out of sight. After the train
dispatcher has givtn the signal and the train
has gone, a small door at the left opens and
a priest appears, book in hand, in the act of
reading a funeral service, while at tho same
time another door at tho right opens and
Guitcau appears on the gallows. The priest
retires, and shortly after the gallows disap
pears Avith Guitcau, and the doors close. This
is acted out at the end of each hour, and
takes about three minutes.
TACTICS AND STRATEGY IN MODERN
WARFARE.
Should there be a Avar in Europe, says a
writer in Demorcsfs JVon7i7y,itwill be fought
under far different conditions than any pre
vious contest upon record. The breech-loading
rifle has made even a more marvelous
revolution than that effected by the use of
gunpoAvder. In our civil war the armies
.fought with smooth-bore, muzzle-loadins
muskets, which Avere destructive only within
a range of two hundred. yards. Then the
reloading took time ; but the breech-loading
rifle will kill at a thousand yards and can be
discharged with marvelous rapidity. This
renders the bayonet an obsolete implement
of Avar, and a charging column is now out of
the question. Troops can bo no longer used
in mass to hnrl against an opposing enemy,
as they Avould be killed to the last man be
fore they could see the faces of their enemies,
nence the battles of tho future will be be
tAveen armies distant from each other.with the
troops under coA'er or protected by rifle-pits
and entrenchments. The spade must accom
pany the rifle. This will prolong 'battles,
.'aittbsvrmicsniay be fighting literally for
"weeks before a conclusion is reached. The
strategy as well as the tactics of armies must
correspond Avith the new conditions, for vast
bodiesof men can, by means of our improved
transportation systems, be concentrated in
great numbers upon important points. Hence
avc get the curious result of battles long
draAvn out Avith comparatively short and
decisive campaigns. All recent European
wars have been remarkably'short as well as
decisiA-e. War hereafter will not be so pic
turesque, for gay uniforms are being set
aside for clothing the colors of Avhich Avill
not afford an aim for tho distant marksman.
They are also getting rid of military bands
and drum corps, which are useless when
there are no charging columns to be inspired
by martial strains. War hereafter Avill be a
very mechanical and scientific business, and
these vast, changes are nearly all due to the
repeating rifle, the railroad, and tho telegraph
system.
$50,000 FOR AIDING A FRIENDLESS
GIRL.
Thirty years ago a poor girl named Carrie
Roper, in garments tattered and torn, wan
dered to the home of John Potts, a village
blacksmith, in what is now known as Brook
lyn, Pennsylvania. Mr. Potts took the girl
in, and suggested to his wife that they adopt
her, they having no children of their own.
Mrs. Potts objected, feeling it her duty to
take ono of four of her sister's daughters, if
it Avas deemed expedient to adopt a daughter.
Mr. Potts would not listen to his wife's sug
gestions, and determined to support the girl.
He sent, her to school in Bucks county, where
she took up the study of music with her
academic course, and graduated with high
honors. Two years after she graduated
Potts failed to learn of her Avhereabouts.
His inquiries did not bring any tidings of
the girl, and ho gave her up as dead, nis
Avife died in the spring of 1877, and he lived
alone. He still continued his business as
blacksmith, though nnable to save anything
from his earnings with which to pay off a
few mortgages on his property. Two weeks
ago a strange lady appeared at the post-office
in Brooklyn, and introduced herself as Mrs.
James Rutledgo, of Pittsburg, Avife of a mil
lionaire. She inquired for John Potts, and
was escorted to his home. The old gentle
man recognized her at sight, and Avas over
come Avith joy at her appearance. The lady
had come to take Potts to her home, Avhere
he Avas to enjoy tho freedom of her home
during his remaining days. She paid off the
mortgages on tho Potts property, purchased
a handsome monument for the grave of Mrs.
Potts, aud started Avith her old friend for her
home in Pittsburg. Soon after their arrival
she made Potts a gift of $50,000 in United
States bonds.
AN EXTRAORDINARY SPRING.
In a mine near the busy centre of St Eti
enne, France, a French mining engineer, in
boring at a depth of 1,500 feet, is reported to
haA'e come upon a hot spring, Avhose Avatcrs
rushed forth in a column to a height of
nearly 80 feet above thesurlaco of the earth.
It is similar in height and heat to the so
called Stracke Geyser, and is strongly im
pregnated Avith carbonic acid. Tho French
Academy of Science havo determined to send
a deputation to examine minutely into the
peculiarities of this phenomenon.
SOCIAL LIFE IN GOTHAM.
Speaking
of fashionable customs in NeAT
York, a. correspondent of the St Louis Glohe
Democrat Avrites: Another striking indica
tion, in a small way, is the liberality with
Avhich the many expensive restaurants,
Delmonico's, the Brnnswick, &c, ar patro
nized. The man who has already sp-'nt :39
or $40 for a couple of seats to hear Tata or
to see Sara Bernhardt will, of course, nob
hesitate to wind up the evening with a
supper which Avill cost $5 or $10 a head
more. Perhaps no more Arivid illustration
of this phase of New York life can be obj
tained than by repairing, after the theater
or opera, to Delmonico's. The scene there
is really extraordinary and uneqnaled by
anything to be Avitnessed in Paris or London.
Delmonico's and the Brnnswick face each
other, and a number of large electric lamps
flood Fifth avenue at this point with light,
while the large electric post tower from
Madison square increases the glare of tho
illumination. The avenue is completely
blocked np with carriages, and the shrill
calls of the attendants bawling out numbers,
and the shouts of the coachmen asking each
other to move on, keep np a din till after
midnight, and when there are balls at either
place, such as take place every night during
the winter season till four o'clock in the
morning, tho crush in the restanrants i3
something astonishing. If you do not drive
very fast from the theater, ten to one you
will be nnable to obtain a scat, and richly
dressed ladies may he seen patiently stand
ing in the lobby of Delmonico's and in a
violent draught which must cause many
severe colds, waiting for the privilege of
sitting down at these festiA-e tables. On
Saturday night, when the many Avealthy
Hebrews are out in fall force, it is at its
worst. The lobby then is as jammed with
ladies as thesecret meeting of a Feniansociety
is with Irishmen, and they stand about as
comfortably in their heavy silks, satins, and
furs as the people riding home do in a
densely packed horsecar. And, indeed,
while many a poor hungry wretch passes
by casting an eager, hopeless look at the
tempting spectacle within through the
splendid, broad plate -glass windows, tho
loud chink of champagne glasses, the merry
laughter and light repartee of the gay sup
per parties afford a striking picture of one of
the bright sides of New York life.
WIT AND HUMOR.
If yon want to get rich mount a mule,
because when yon are on a mule you are bet
ter off.
A piece of bark in a sausage suggested to
a Philadelphian to inquire for the rest of
the dog.
The man who stops his paper to economize
ought to cut his nose off to keep fjom. buying
handkerchiefs.
It rains alike on the jnst and unjust; on
the just mainly because the unjust have
borroAved their umbrellas.
"The Unseen Hand" is the title of a new
book. Probably the other man didn't have
anything better than a pair of trays and
didn't dare to call.
Once they started a girl's seminary in
Utah. It flourished well, but just in the
height of its prosperity the principal eloped
with the whole school.
A wretched conundrum is floating around
to the effect that Mrs. Scoville was once like
a certain insect, because she was -a Miss
Guiteau.
"No," said the Cincinnati man. "I can't
become a Christian. I can't bear to give up
reading the local papers." Louisville Courier
Journal. A. tailor at Chicopee, Mass., puts the ac
counts of his delinquent customers conspicu
ously in his window, placarded : " These bills
for sale."
History tells us that George Washington
never told a lie; so it is very plain that
George didn't leam to smoke while his par
ents were alive.
Edmund Burke, the Irish orator, was tell
ing Garrick ono day that all bitter things
were hot. "Indeed," said Garrick, "what
do yon think, Mx. Burke, of bitter cold
weather?"
Master " What does Condillac say about
brutes in the scale of being? " Scholar " He
says a brute is an imperfect animal." "And
what is man?" " Man is a perfect brute."
On Saturday morning the Philadelphia
Press said: "Yesterday America had three
poets who were known all over theAvorld;
to-day she has but two." When Walt Whit
man read this he flushed np and asked,
"Who's the other?"
A young lady was showing an elderly
woman a beautiful cluster diamond ring, a
present, when the old lady dropped her spec
tacles to the end of her nose and exclaimed,
"Lor' sakes, I thought it was an old seed
wart ! " Cincinnati Saturday Xight.
He was sitting in the parlor with her,
when a rooster crowed in the yard, and lean
ing over, he said: "Chanticleer." "I wish
yon would," she replied; "I am as sleepy as
I can be." He cleared.
A man at Columbus City, Ind., claims to
have discovered a spot where diamonds can
be scooped up by the quart, and though ha
has been offered a whole gallon of whisky
he won't give the place away.
Why he couldn't accept. A prominent
ex-confederate officer, now residing in Wash
ington, started ont the other evening to find
a man-servant. He met a pretty good look
ing colored man, and asked if he could
recommend a good servant. The colored
man regretted that he could not. "What
are you engaged at?" asked the ex-confederate.
" Why can't I employ yon ? " " I am
not doing anything just now," was the re
ply; " but I expect to have a seat in Congress
in a feAV days. My name is Lynch, and I am,
contesting the seat of Gen. Chalmers."
A "PRIMER" ESSAY ON BONDS.
Is this a Bond? It is a Bond. Why is' it
called a Bond ? It is called a Bond because
it means Bondage. Where did the Bond
come from? It was given by our Good
Uncle Sam. Is the Bond a Nice thing to
have Around the nouse? No, It shonld be
Locked Up in a Big Safe. Do Poor Folk3
have Lots of These Bonds? No, My Dear,
thoy are made only for Rich Folks. Rich
Folks hold Them and Poor Folks work and
Pay Them. Why do Poor Folks work and
Pay Them? Because they are Fools. Hoav
did tho Man get the Bond? He got tho
Bond of the United States. What did He
Give for the Bond? He Gave a Hundred
Small Dollars for the Bond. What does He
get for It? He Gets a Hundred Big Dollars
for It. Does the Nice Bond pay a Tax? No,
it does not Pay a Tax. Why does not Uucla
Samuel Pay Off the Bonds ? Damfweno,
