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'Tw-i V-V 'v??1?t$&!Ti'isl'??r f vwyijf'w;"' ""f''SiP ESTABLISHED 1S77.-NEW SERIES. WASHINGTON, D. C, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1882. VOL. II-NO. 9.-WHOLE NO. 61. f??P?31P' --.' (pf$S ,4J Of war -rO-A p&&3ffl r & SIEGE OF I NOXVILLE. Tlie History of Longstreet's Campaign Against Burnside. THE TWO ARMIES. Tlieir Relative Positions as Shown "by the Records. TTTRS CHANGE OE BASE. General Willcox' s Masterly Retreat from Bull's Gap. The military events in East Tennessee, which culminated in the so-called "Siege of Knox ville," have been partially described in pre ceding numbers of The National Tribune. The advance of the Army of the Cumberland, nnder command of Major-Gcncral "William S. Roscerans, and of tho Army of the- Ohio, under command of Major-General Ambrose E. Bun -bide, resulting in the battle of Chickamauga and the occupation of Chattanooga by tho former, and tho unopposed occupation of Knoxvillo and tho capture of Cumberland Gap by tho latter, have formed the subjects of pro ceding chapters. This record opens with the detachment of Lieutenant-Gcneral Longstreet's corps from General Bragg's army in tho lino of investment of Chattanooga on the south, east and west, and its movements against tho Army of tho Ohio. The advent of Longstreet upon tho field at Chickamauga, and tho tremendous weight of Lis veteran corps in deciding tho fortunes of that day is so well known as to require no iurther mention, liis failure to rc-enforco tho solitary division sent to intercept Hooker's march across Lookout Valley, and its conse quent defeat at Wauhatchic and tho surrender of tho lino across the valley to Chattanooga, rendered his position in tho lino of investment liugatory, and, with the blindness which Ei nmod to characterize all tho counsels of his commanding general, he was detached from 1 Lo Army of tho Tennesseo and, at his own suggestion, sent up tho Valley of tho Ten r s.fp, beyond supporting distance of the ina:n army, at the very timo that tho garrison r.t l l-aitanooga was daily increasing in strength ly re-enforcements. Tho battles Of Lookout 7T tintain and Missionary Eidge, fully do- '.i-fl in The Tribune in June last, swept I tl V E F ' ..-'s army away from its position as a bo- . ring force and transferred it to tho banks )rstanaula. ,.ik- these events were transpiring in front ittauooga, Burnside, threatened by Long- t, was withdrawing his forces from tho rn end of tho valley and preparing, by ntrating them at Knoxville, to oppose JTO jress of his distinguished opponent. Map of East Tennessee. lance at tho map will show the position i ii lal Burnside's army. CumWrland Gap, t .- northern border of the State, forty - !i-tant as the crow flies, but double that . by the circuitous route via Morris. -. v. as held by LenM-rt's brigade and a few - - of artillery. The importance of hold- . -. ssion of this natural gateway through i liU-rland range of mountains could not : -,ti mated, and it was well understood ? ,c garrison of little more tlian two thou- l i i n was insufficient against auy formid- li :ny that might advance against it from 'in Virginia. To counterlalauce an un- i , ti d advance of General Hansom's coni- -i from the eastward, General Willcos, with thn r thousand men aud sixun pieces of artil li r . u :is stationed at Bull's Gap, with orden. if atta' I "I .by a larger forco than he could raun-a-v t. f.ill lck ujon tho gap and unite his f,,r o with that of Colonel Lcmert. Kingston, located about thirty miles west from Knoxville, was garrisoned by Mott's brigade of White's division, consisting of tho Twenty-fifth Mich igan, One Hundred and Eighteenth Ohio, r-j if I) ffM . , ,o $. A f Eightieth Indiana, and Sixteenth Kentucky infantry regiments, aud tho Elgin Illinois bat tery of artillery 1,G2G infantry, 26 cavalry, and 131 artillery, with G guns. It had boon tho intention of General Burn Fide to hold the line of tho Littlo Tennessee, but the advance of Longstreet's army, estimated r.t 25,000 men, decided him to evacuato Loudon and adopt as his line of defense tho Tennessee River from Kingston to Lenoir's Station, where a pontoon bridge was thrown across the river, thenco by the right bank of tho Littlo Ten nesseo to Kingston, a point sufficiently near tho mountains to render a movement in forco by the confederate commander around that flank impracticable. The obvious advantage of this line was that a much smaller forco was re quired to hold it, particularly as tho autumn rains would render the Tennesseo a formidable defense. Captain O. M. Poe, now on the staff of tho General of tho Army, was then acting as chief engineer of tho Army of tho Ohio. To this accomplished officer General Burnsido was indebted for his successful defense of Knox ville, and to his elaborate report of military operations in tho portion of East Tennessee occupied by that army, the writer is indebted for tho minute details of thoso operations. By direction of General Burnside, Captain Poo took up tho bridge at Loudon on tho morning of tho 25th of October, immediately after tho rear-guard of Burnside's army had crossed it, and, loading it upon cars, took it to Knoxville, occupying tho entire railroad transportation two days. Tho bridge was thrown across the Ilolston at the mouth of First Creek, whero it proved to bo of inestimable valuo to tho Union forces. The bridgo at Lenoir's was constructed out of material at hand by Lieutenant-Colonel Babcock, Assistant Inspector-General of the Ninth Army Corps. burnside's strength. Tho following extract from tho returns of tho Army of tho Ohio gives officially tho strength of tho forco which General Burnsido was ablo to oppose to tho advance of General Longstreot from tho south, while at tho same timo main taining a sufficient forco on tho northwest to hold in check the cavalry command of Genoral Ransom and tho infautry, which latter, al though withdrawn to Abingdon and tho Salt Works, was supposed to bo held in hand for a hostilo demonstration in conjunction with tho force advancing from Chattanooga : Army, or the Ohio. Maj.-Gcn'l Ambrose E. Burnside. November 30, 18G3. Tiztnly-iMrd Army Corps. Brig.-Gcn'l M. D. Mnnson. Iftntft Anny Corps. Brig.-Gen'l R. B. Potter. Present for Duty Equipped. Inf'try. Cav'y. Artillery. Abstract Fnoa Offi cial. Hetuens. c o Twenty-third Abut 95 ini's Division. Mott's Brie, Kingston 1,512 1,520 26 1 130 6 106 G 92 4 122 G 63 6 112 6 1RO 1 Chapin s Brig., Knox- YlilG 11 Hascall's Divison, Knoxville Rcilly's Brigade, Knoxville - 1,814 CartMTon's Brigade, Kxioxvillc ....... 1,318 ShnrMfor&s Cnv.CorpB, Bander a Ihvimon. Woolford'B Brie, t'av 741,052 2! Bvrd's Cav. and M't'd Infantry- Pennebaker's Mid. Inf. 1,CR7 22 CSS 2 620; JFosVr'a Division, nearl Cumberland Gap. Garrard's Cav. and' Mounted Infantry. 403' 74,1,241 Graham's Cav. and i i Mounted Infantry. 31C 53, 723 Total Twenty-third Army Corps S9 9.235231 15 11 3,537 23 855 56 4 14 I Nrsrn ahmy Corps.. Frrrard'a Division 290' 3 87 251 11 Morrison's Brigade.-...; 6T! M7 Chrjt'rt Erigalc ! .V Humphrey s Brigade.-! 69 bra HartranfTs Division-... Sifned's Brigade Sflutil'fl Brigade Loniert'B Brig., Cum berland Gni 7-1 3 636 001 1 1,670 i 5,445' 11 2ft 71 13 328 21 74o' -12 Total Ninth A. C. 2'.K) S Enrfjircrnand Keservc Artillery 2 KM 13 20S' 16 Iloskmn's Brigade 34, 1,178; A illi a liiv., near Cumberland Gap 103. 2,643 i 10712 313 16 Total Army of the I ! Ohio IS66 18.663 24C 3,934 76 1 ,506 130 Deduct Wnioox'a Com. " I-meit'M Brig. " Fobter's Cav.... Total at Cumberland 103 2.643 4, 10712 313 16 71 1,670 ' 13 32S 21 43 7101271,964 8 230 10 Gap- - 217, 5,032 131 2,071 33 871 -17 Leaving at Knox-! I Villeand Kingston 649 13,63i:il5!l,R63 43. 635' R3 Grand Total... 16,936 IX)XGSTREET'B BTRENGTn. Ajeky or East Tennessee. Lieutenant-Gcneral J. FL Loti'jatreet. December 31, 1UG3. Effective Total Present. Inf'try. Cav'ry. ArtU'y. Abstract Phok Offi cial Obtcbhs. . e c- i c- jlL-L o o o' - a c: 3 o 5 o LoNsrrBKET'H Corps 15 Mrljnw'a Division. Ker.-baw's Brigade .... HiiinphreyV Brigade.... V.'otlord'ft Brigade...... Bryan's Brigade... Total 338 6.5U7 Jenkins's Division. Iiw'n Brigade Briitiing'tt llrigade ...... Aiidrnton'H Bngaio KobertBon'8 Brigade..... Total ... ... 418 4,821 lixLckner's Division. Fulton' Brigade-..... Graves's Bngade... Vaughn a Brigade..... TotaI........ 47H 2,730 Cavalry Corps ....... 4 J. T. jlorjnn'a Division. HuMli'b Brigade 1782,614 5129 A Crews m Brigade Armstrong's Division. Diblirell'a Brigade 1093 066 B 10G 4 UarribonV Brigade "' iwAw OIUO 4 Ransom's Division. Giltnrr'tf Brigade 1 1C1180 310" 4 W.JZ. Jones's Brigade; ,mi-,ibo Jio- -1 Total Cavalry .... COl'o.SOO Alexander's Artillery, six lwiltorieM.. ...... 17 103 22 Total - Jlffl 1,061 !50l'(5,6SO 30 SW'Si Grand Total. 23,616 To this aggregate must bo added 7S2 killed, wounded, and taken prisoners at the storming of Fort Sanders, making 2-1,293 eflectives in lino in front of Knoxvillo on the 30th of No vember. The object of the latter bridge was to provide communication between the Union forces on each side of the bridge, and was destroyed on their retreat. Somo correspondence passed be tween Generals Grant, TIalleck, and Burnsido as to the proper points to be held in East Ten nessee, which resulted in a visit to Burnside's headquarters from Mr. Dana, Assistant Secre tary of War, and Colonel Wilson, of Grant's staff. General Burnsido gave his reasons for desiring to hold Knoxville instead of Kingston, which latter had been recommended by Grant, and, upon investigation, Dana and Wilson con curred in tho plans of General Burnsido. Gen. Parko was left in command at Knox ville, with Hascall's division of tho Twenty third Army Corps. Genoral Sanders, with his division of cavalry and mountod infantry, was south of tho Ilolston. Generals Totter, with the Ninth Corps, and White, with Chnpin's bri gado of his division, woro at Lenoir's, with outposts south and west. caught x.vrrixo. Hoskins's brigade w:is detached from Willcox and ordorcd to Knoxvillo on tho approach of Longstreet, leaving Willcox at Bull's Gap with his infantry and Foster's division of cavalry, consisting of Col. Graham's and Colonel Israel Garrard's brigades. This command, though composed of good men, was in bad condition for want of almost every necessary supply. Four of his infantry regiments wcro six months volunteers, tho One Hundred and Fif teenth, One Hundred and Sixteenth, Ono Hun dred and Seventeenth, and Ono Hundred and Eighteenth Indiana infantry. lie had thrco batteries, tho Twelfth Michigan, Twenty -first Ohio, and Twenty-third Indiana, and two com panies of tho Third Indiana cavalry. After the battle of Blue Springs Willcox took post at Greenville with Hoskins's brigade, advanced to Rheatown, supporting Shackelford's cavalry operations in tho direction of Abingdon. About tho 1st of November, owing to reports of a largo confederate forco concentrating at Zolli cofler and Abingdon and about to advance, Schakelford drew in his outposts from Kings port, Blountsville, and Carter's Station, and fell back to Rheatown, whence, by direction of Gen. Willcox, ho again advanced his pickets to Jouesboro. This movement left tho road by Kingsport toward Rogcrsvillo unguarded, and on tho morning of November O'th Gar rard's brigado, stationed at the latter place, was caught napping and completely routed by a cavalry force under Gen. Wm. E. Jones and Col. Giltncr. Garrard fell back with his shat tered command to Morristown, leaving eight hundred and fifty of his men, ono thousand horses aud mules, four pieces of artillery, and a supply train of sixty wagons in tho hands of tho enemy. Hearing of this oxploit, Gen. Burnside sup posed tho cavalry forco that had performed it to bo tho advanco of an army under Maj.-Gcn. Sam Jones in co-operation with that under Gen. Longstreet, and at once ordered General Willcox to fall back upon Morristown and de fend it. Willcox, however, seized tho passes in the Bull Mountain from the ilolston opposite Rogersville to (,'hucky Bend, and commenced fortifying Bull's Gap. Loyal Tennesseeans reported the confeder ates to be concentrating in heavy forco at and below Kingsport, Greenville, and Newport, and every indication pointed towards a concerted movement between Jones and Longstreet. Having determined to hold Knoxville and Cumberland Gap, General Burnside, fully alive to tho peril of hia situation, determined not to risk an engagement on either flank of his ariny in tho open field, but to conceit tratn his com mand at thoso two points, extending his line on tho west only as far as Kingston. THE RETRCVT. As before stated, Col. Hoskins'3 brigade, con sisting of his own regiment the Twelith Ken tucky, tho Eighth Tonneeo, and the Ono Hundred and Third Ohio infantry -lJOO strong was ordered to Knoxville, leaving Will cox with tho remainder of his command, con sisting of the six months Indiana ttoops a-.d the batteries before mentioned, together with a skeleton regiment of North Carol ina recruits, and Foster's cavalry. Tho Thirty--erond Kentucky infantry, tho Eleventh Michigan battery, and two battalions of mounted Tennessceans, under Colonels Davis and I'atton, were at Morristown and Mossy Creek. With this heterogeneous command, mostly raw troops, with tho excep tion of tho cavalry and artillery, the latter out of all proportion and more an incumbrance than a bcncilt, cavalry horses without shoes and worn down by incessant scouting, an im mense wagon train, a great portion of which belonged to tho troops which had been with drawn to Knoxville, Gen. Willcox was directed to move to tho vicinity of Cumberland (Jap. On tho Kith of November General Parke tele graphed him that in tho event of communi cation being cut ofF between them, he was relied upon to unito with Lcmert in defense of Cumberland Gap, where lOO.iHM) rations wero said to bo stored for tho use of the army. Ho had to retreat fifty-two miles in the face of a superior force, guard an immense train of artil lery and baggage wagons, cross tho Ilolston and Clinch Rivers, two rocky, deep, and rapid streams, over a muddy road blocked tip with thousands of refugees traveling with every conceivable vehicle There were ox trains toiling slowly and laboriously, dragging farm wagons loaded with furniture; mules and broken down horses loaded with women and children, all fleeing from confederate wrath to como. Covering tho retreat of his infantry and trains towards Bean's Station by an advanco movement of his cavalry in an opposite direc tion on every road leading towards Greenville and Kinsport, Willcox ordered the Tenneseo battalions at Morristown and MoBsy Creek to join him at Bean's Station, where lie expected an attack tho next day. During tho night tho cavalry camo in, leaving pickets on tho vari ous roads, and tho position being favorable, General Willcox waited ono day to accept battlo if it should be offered. Parties of cavalry were sent out to repair tho telegraph wires to Knoxville, but tho first message from Army Headquarters was a reiteration of the order requiring Willcox to move on in tho direction of Cumberland Gap. a Dirrrcui.T tafk. On tho afternoon of the l'Jth ho began lite diflicult tusk of moving his artillery over tho steep and rocky pas3 of the Clinch mountains, above Bean's Station. This was effected, and on tho morning of tho 20lh the column was in motion, preceded by the cavalry, which, ad vancing as rapidly as possible, seized the passes in tho direction of Rocorsvillo and Jonesville. Ono party, commanded by Captain Hammond, scouted as far as Mulberry Gap towards Jones ville, and surprised Slemp's Sixty-fourth and Sixty-fifth Virginia in their oauips, charged, and drove them three miles, capturing and de stroying most of their arms and camp equipage. Arriving at Tazewell. General Willcox found that Colonel Lcmert had, instead of 100,000 rations, no more subsistence stores than would bo required for his own command for thirty days, and that rain had rendered tho roads to tho baso of supplies at Camp Nelson, in Ken tucky, impassablo for loaded wagons. Ho was, therefore, obliged to scatter hi3 command up and down tho valley in front of tho Gap in search of forago and provisions. Meauwhilo General Ransom, in command of tho confederato cavalry which had defeated Garrard at Rogersville, had learned of tho ovacuation of tho country about Morristown and Bull's Gap, and at ouco moved his com mand forward through Kingsport, on tho Rogersville road, with tho intention of watch ing tho proceedings of tho Union troops in tho direction of Cumberland Gap. To hold him at a respectful distance, Foster, who, with his dismounted cavalry, had his headquarters at Ta.owcll, sent Garrard, who, notwithstanding his misfortune, was entrusted with another brigado, to camp near Evans Ford, with scouts near Bean's Station, and Graham with his brigado to occupy tho Walker's Ford road to Knoxvillo. Willcox encamped his infantry at Cumberland Gap, (Powell's bridge,) and on tho Jacksboro road. Tho country into which six thousand men weie thus suddenly thrust, with no provision made for their subsistence, had been gleaned of supplies by successive raids by tho cavalry of both armies for two successivo seasons. Corn was scarce; the hogs thoy had collected on tho French Broad river, and driven with them, wcro dying of cholera. There was somo wheat in Powell Valley, but Ransom controlled it with his cavalry, and tho mills woro aban doned or destroyed. A MOVCMErCT AGAKfST ABINGDON. In this strait General Willcox communi cated with Genoral Grant, who advised a movement against Abingdon, and with General Hallcck, who directed him to render every assistanco in his power to General Burnside. Neither made any suggestion as to how ho was to procure food for six thousand empty stomachs. In response to his requisition, ono thousand horses wero sent hint from Kentucky, with which to remount his cavalry. Major Behr, of the Fourteenth Illinois cavalry, with threo hundred mon belonging to Lemert's command, attacked tho confederato command at Jones ville and drovo it across Powell river, releasing tho mills upon its banks, and they were at once set to work grinding wheat for tho half famished troops. Five hundred of Foster's dismounted cavalry wero remounted upon horses received from Kentucky, and strenuous efforts wero made to fit out tho exp dition against Abingdon, Va., with tho intention of drawing off Ransom's force from co-operation with Longstreet in tho siege that had now commenced. A drove of hogs from Kentucky that had been halted by tho sicgo in the vicinity of Jackloru, were suddenly pounced upon by tho confederate cavalry, but tho game of tho raid ers was spoiled by Colonel Davis, who, with his T nncfrsce cavalry, attacked them, and in a brisk engagement drove them oS". The movement into Virginia was abandoned in favor of ono directed by General Burnside, communicated through scouts who had found their way into Knoxville, now invested on tho south aud west by Longstreet. General Buru side'd orders called for an immediate advance of the forces under Willcox towards Knoxville. Major-Gene nil John G. Foster, on his way ro Knoxville to relieve General Burnside, arrived at Cumberland Gap on the 30th of November, and the movement commenced on tho follow ing day. OnnKRED FORWARD. Graham's brigado was ordered forward to Bluiue'a CrK-s Roads, where, in the event of an attack from General Wheeler, he was directed to lull back towards Tazewell aud draw as l.ugt; a poi tinn of the confederate cavalry after him as po--ible. Garrard's brigade was left at Beau V. Station. On the night of December ltit courier from Graham reported a heavy for e in bis front pressing him back towards Maynardsville. Next morning General Will cox moved with the infantry division under command of Colonel Curtin, Forty-lit'th Penn sylvania, towards the Clinch river, with orders from General Foster to go as far us Walker's Folk. Jackson's brigade, of this division marc'ied by the direct route to the ford, with PatUrson's Twenty-first Ohio battery, with orders to put his artillery in position at the ford imd either cross over to the assistanco of Graham or cover his retreat across tho river, as chcu instances required. Tho fords above Walker's weie protected by the advance of tho remainder of tho division. Daring the night Graham left his camp-fires burning, guarded by one company of his com mand, and withdrew. General Martin, in command of Wheeler's cavalry of Armstrong'sdivision, and Jones's bri gade of Ransom's cavalry, advanced to attack the position on the following morning, drovo out the rear-guard, and soon came upon Gra ham's main fom. Graham fell back slowly, fighting at every advantageous point. About three miles from the ford a message readied htm from General Willcox that re-enforcements were at band. Jackson sent two regiments of infantry across tho river to his assistance, which relieved an equal number of Graham's men, whoso ammunition was exhausted. Mar tin now sent Jones's brigade to tho right to endeavor to effoct a lodgment between Gra ham's position and the river, whilo Armstrong advanced against his front. Jones was met by Colonel Capron with tho Fourteenth Illinois cavalry, armed with Henry rifles, and handsomely repulsed. General Martin sayrf: "A force of tho enemy prevented Jone's success." Armstrong pushed forward and encountered two regiment.-, of tho Indiana troops, who btood up well in this their first battle, and in about twenty minutes repulsed an attack made by a veteran division. Martin's artillery was silenced by tho Twenty-first Ohio battery firing over tho heads of the Union troops. General Martin fell back half a milo before dark, and at iniduight was in full retreat toward Knoxville, leaving ono hundred and twmty-five stragglers along tho road, who weio picked up by Willcox's advanco on tho following morning. The Union loss in this engagement was about fifty, in killod, wounded, and missing. General Martin is silent upon his losses in this engagement, but acknowledges tho sudd on ter mination of the expedition. To bo continued. Tlio Best In tho Countrr. i'Yom the Holly (Mich.) Register. The National Tiunuxn is tho best news paper in this country untrammeled by party and dovoted to the interests of all soldiers. BRAVE LITTLE RED GAP, The Young Orderly of Monster Wirz at Andersonville. FIRST NIGHT THERE. TTie Stockade as It Appeared in Its Unfinished State. THE TWO PBISCM GATES. How the First Inmates Fared and. What They Suffered. Continued from last icccl;. Andersonville at tho time of which I write was a small railway station in lower Georgia. It contained some half dozen shabby houses, and a dilapidated depot but little more than an open shed. Front Macon it is distant about sixty miles, and tho railroad, which passes through it, connects tho former city with Albany, tho head of navigation on tho Flint river. The site of tho prison was a thick pine forest, remoto from any town of importance. The nearest Federal forco was Sherman's army, at that timo operating in Tennesseo, and somo thrco or four hundred miles away. Wo seemed to bo, indeed, beyond the palo of civili zation. Whilo at Belle Isle, we could see the flag flying on the confederate capitol, aud war like preparations were going on everywhere about us. At Andersonville the sceuo was en tirely changed ; wo wero in the midst of a wilderness, whero tho boom of Federal cannon had never been heard, and where it seemed impossible that friends could ever reach us. " Who enters hero leaves hope he hind," might well have been inscribed over the gates of tho stockade, for life and hopo both seemed about to end for us forever. When I left Belle Isle, it was with the idea an idea which the confederates never failed to impress upon their prisoners when about to remove them to somo new scene of torture that I was about to be exchanged, and, indeed, I managed to securo a place with a different squad, the members of which were entire strang ers to me, instead of waiting until my own com rades left, in tho expectation that my chances of being exchanged would in that way be bettered. It was not until two or three weeks after my own departure tluit the members of my own com pany were taken to Andorsonville. I well re member the night of our arrival there. Worn out and exhausted with our long and weary journey of 950 miles from Eichmond, we were content to make our beds in tho sand and take our rest as best we could. When we awoke in the morning, and had an opportunity to look about us, we found that we were in an immense pen, enclosing about sixteen acres of ground. The stockade wh ich formed this pen was built of pine logs, hewn square, about two feet in diameter, and securely driven into the ground. They were placed so closely together that it was impossible even to obtain a glimpse of tho exterior through the cracks. The stoekado rose above us about twenty feet high. It seemed apparently unscalable, and certainly proof against any efforts to under mine it or batter it down. At the time of our arrival tho stockade was not entirely finished. CLOSING Ur THE G VP. At the southwest corner some two or threo hundred negroes wero still at work on it, en gaged in closing up tho last gap, and in that quarter of the prison a number of guards were stationed to thwart any attempt of the inmates to escape. I learned that they were members of the Fifty-fifth Georgia regiment. The ex treme length of the pen was due north and south. A shallow stream of water, ten or twelve inches deep, and about four feet in Avidth, divided the prison, and on er-eh side of it was a slimy bog, some iit0 yards in width, and of such a treacherous nature that you were liable to sink to your waist if you attempted to cross it. From the edges of this swamp tho ground rose north and south as far as the stockade. The ground had nearly all been cleared when we reached there, tho trees hav ing been used in the construction of the stock ade. There were two gates to the prison, called respectively the north and tho south gate. They were on opposite sides of tho creek, and about midway between the ends of the stock ado. The gates did not open immediately into the forest surrounding tho pen, but outside of each was another and smaller stockade also built ot logs and upon the same plan as the pen itself These small enclosures wero wide enough to per mit the entrance of a team, and their purpose was to prevent the prisoners from making a rush through the gates every timo it was necessary to admit new captives or receive supplies. The usual procedure was this: Whenever a squad of prisoners or a supply train arrived they were first admitted through the outer gate into tho enclosure, and when tho gate had been securely fastened again tho inner door was opened and ad mission given to the prison itself. At regular intervals along tho stoekado were sentry-boxes, to which access was had by the guards by means of rude steps leading up to them from the exterior of the prison. From theso boxes tho guards wero ablo to keep a close watch upon tho move ments of tho prisoners iusido. I shall have something to say hereafter about tho sort of watch they kept. Snflico it for the present that they shot down many a helpless and un offending man merely to gratify their thirst for blood. Tho stoekado was so high and the logs of which it was composed wero driven so closely together that it was almost imponsiblo to obtain a view of tho surrounding country. There were, indeed, ouly two points from which a glimpso could bo caught of it. By standing on tho highest points on tho north side and on the south side it was possible to look across a swamp into tho adjoining woodland, and from the north side ono could discern a log building, which had tho appearance of an old-fashioned country barn, and which subsequently became famous as tho headquarters of tho monster Wirz. Thero was an archway in tho centre of tho building which apparently had been used in former times to drive teams through, but it had been boarded up whilo tho building was being repaired for use as headquarters. A more uninviting spot than Andersonville I had noyer seen, but at first wo were not in clined to complain of our lot. The debris of tho forest gave us an abundance of fuel, and every squad had all tho firo it wanted. THE FIRST DAY'S RATIONS. Wo had scarcely completed our inspection of our new homo when a wagon was driven in with our day's rations. They consisted of about a quart of meal for each man, a sweet potato, and a small pieco of salt beef. Tho timio camo when this would havo been consid eredi a very liberal allowance indeed. As it was., we wero disposed to think that wo wero to ho moro favorably treated than whilo at Belli 5 Isle, but at that time our numbers wero small, and the great size of the inclosure gave us plenty of elbow room. This condition of things, as you know, did not last long. As soon as they had received their rations tho boys sot to work to cook their first meal. They were almost entirely without means of cooking their food, and it proved a task of considerable difficulty. Half canteens and every piece of tin that could be con verted into a pan were confiscated for cook ing purposes, and many of my comrades were in sort straits for something to carry water in. In ma ny cases coats and pantaloons wero pulled off, and the legs and arms used to carry meal ii 1. Our most familiar utensil for carry ing water was a boot. After the foot of tho boot had disappeared, wo used to mako leather buckets out of the legs. Those who were so fortunate as to still have pocket knive3 with tlmm were able, of course, to make littlo tubs and buckets for thentbt-lves, and, as for tho rest. Yankee ingenuity sufficed in tho end to overcome all obstacles. Wo talked the situa tion over at breakfast, and finally concluded thero was nothing left for us but to make tho best of .it. After breakfast the confederates divided -us into squads of 100 men each, and these ware again subdivided into messes of twenty-ftve. A sergeant was appointed for each squad, and eacl' mess selected a sergeant also. His duty was -to attend to tho drawing of rations. During tho first nij-ht that we wero thero a few of our boys mauag ed to make their escape. They toro a blanket into strips, and, using tho strips as a rope, managed to scale the wall. At that timo tho guards Wire few in number, and. tho feat was accompliihed when tho sentry was at tho other end .of his heat. But one, however, of the refugees ever reached our lines, and even he was re aptured a few months later, at ono of the battb -s before Atlanta and, sent back to his old quarters at Andersonville. I remember well how .strong and well ho looked in comparison with the rest of us when ho was brought back, anil we all envied him. the good square meals wliich. he had had in. " God's country," as the boys termed it. Old Wirz himself recognized h im upon his retnrn and vented his spleen in :;onie surly rein?. .. HOUSE BUIUttSO. The first thing that wo turned our 1 s to after breakfast was t'he erection t place of shelter. Wo had no tools sort, but a lew of us, as I have y.." :. i managed to conceal their pock' t i- s when they were searched by th crates, and they wero promptly .il! ' requisition. Withes and polos were swamp, and wo managed to fasten i . gel her securely enough to form a ru-'. tiou against the elements. Some oi rades covered these shelfs they eon'.. be called tents with their blankt :-. . ma jority of us had no blankets to spa r . put pose, and were compelled to t, : domicils with a long-!cavcd pine, wh.. ' : season, afforded a very fair protect: n i the rain. Wo thought that our lot .: .. . 1 enough then, but it was not lone V- came to look back to those days with 'iv .." i regret, for we enjoyed rainy privihv -. ul. . i the thonsands who camo after us w.r n- r permitted to indulge in. This was d.:o to . fact that as yet we wero iew in nn:.i' r. 1 had abundant opportunity to secure tl:c 1 . left by the negroes while they weie b..l the stockade. Very soon we had a r i. r I - little village of sheltered tents of the k have described, for even under stuh :,.;, circumstances our industry brought forth ;. results. We had not been long at Aitdersonv.lh Gen. John II. Winder paid u& a visit. II.- u the confederate commissary ger rai of t ' ,. j oners, and was notorious for t io d. took in starvinz them to d :at . It i t during the month of August. 1 tfl, L l down upon 3,0?1 graves n u mouth, and remarked that '. for tho confederate cause L intents! Officially Ander-..i , to the confederates as (.i:n; was not so called except in ' reports, and orders. Although I was a stramrer to my squad they treated nu- w r and consideration, and ml. a me as far as lay within tin i r ; we had been at Anderson .V . C'.u' i:i a doi: r i. tv - - . , V. !, I.' s imi- r. ' -il ilu '1! he mT' rreat k i ed to . i - s i C r, d r- 1 r. r. li it -is!.. : .if aijr o .. i wen-q ii ,!' My ( n . a I ha.! 1 . t riends t when twenty of tho nieinK t pany arrived from Belie Isl . .i on the sonth side of the pri i. ters were on the north s.ih , r so much attached to my i.. . remained with them ami i' i comrades on the south sMe. W overv dav at the creek and ..i'.i it i .t n ' .n i :lef. h"U. I ei Li - uation together, and nr.i-i.ni y we pi. i a viit to their cmarters. The first incident of not-- t! ir l n.m was the loss of reason by .i i i. yan.- : from Uniontown, lVnna. li ."as O. i; both in mind and hotly, and I. irvi'.e.I short time. Six months later bat n j i'-. r .. I ' i . i besides myself, oat of twenty-two nun :' , v company who were taken to Anders. , ' -, was alive, and I am not sure that e- -i i .s more fortunate comrade ever reached our Certainly I never heard of him again. To be continued. In i. Tho Owner Found Tor a Soldier's l'lpe. Tho curious bowl of a wooden pipe recently ' found in Hatcher's Bun, with the various bat tles in which tho owner participated cat npon it, has been claimed by the owner. He prove? to bo John H. Van Houton, of Patterson, N. ,T. Ho was drummer of Company I, Second rr - . meut of New Jersey volunteers, Gen. K. t ney 's old First New Jersey brigade, First I n -ion, Sixth Army Corps. The finder, J. Mui- ..U Donnelly, of Concord, Franklin county. l'i, will forward the pipe to the former owm r. v h j will greatly priza his old friend. As Lons as the Stars Shiae. To tho Editor National Tribcjie: Plcaso Snd enclosed ono dollar for the sol dier's stauuch friend. I will not and cannot do without it, as it is the surest way to hear from my comrades and our rights. I am wait ing very eagerly to hear that the long delay in granting pensions is ended. With success to The National Tribune as long as the stars may shino, I remain, yours, MlLLSBOUO, YA. Wit. GlIIGSBY.