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THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE: WASHINGKEO& D. tt, THURSDAY MARCH 15. 1894.
8!
TALKING OF PENSIONS.
Consideration and Passage of the Pen
sion Appropriation Bill in the
House The Bland Bill in the
Senate.
Ttjksday, Makch 6.
The Senate debated the Bland EeignTorngo
bill, and disposed of routine business, and con
cluded with an Executive session.
The House went into Committee of the
"Whole for tho further consideration of the
pension appropriation bill, an ajirecment hav
ing been reached by unanimous consent tocloso
general debate at 3 o'clock to-morrow.
Gen. Sickels (N. Y., D.) took tho floor and
had read an extract from Mr. Cleveland's letter
of acceptance of the Presidential nomination
Baying that tho debt due tho defenders of tho
Union should be ungrudgingly discharged.
Upon that pledge to tho soldiers, said Gen.
Sickle", tho Democratic party stood and won
political victory. The Secretary of the Interior
should cxerciso a watchful and patient super
vision of that Bureau, and tho President of tho
United States should see to it that there was
a fulfilment of tho patriotic and wiso senti
ments enunciated iu his letter of acceptance.
To tho Commissioner of Pensions, ho said,
wa3 committed a vast responsibility and
GREAT TUUST.
Ho mnst, of necessity, confido much of his
dntv to subordinate officers. They may not
always havo the judicial faculty; they may
not always bo active aud vigilant in the ex
amination of claims.
Congress has a right to expect from the Com
missioner and his superior officer, tho Secre
tary of tho Interior, and especially from the
President, a wise aud liberal administration of
the principles enunciated in tho President's
letter of acceptance.
But ho could not, Gen. Sickles said, agree
with the Commissioner of Pensions in respect
to his interpretation of the law of 1S93. In his
letter to Congress, in answer to tho resolution
of inquiry, tho Commissioner had said in sub-
Etanco:
Tlie statement In the preamble to tho resolution
declnrinjr a pension to be a vested right is inaccu
rnte, inapt, and inappropriate in tho use of those
two words.
That is notadecorons way to treat an act of
Congress, in a communication to a superior offi
cer, and beforo it was sent to this House in
answer to a resolution of inquiry. The Secre
tary of the Interior should have returned it to
tho Pension Bureau with an admonition to treat
this Houso and its legislation with duo respect.
Applause on the Republican side.
Those two words, vested right, are not in
accurate, iuapt, nor inappropriate. Tho Com
missioner is as unfortuuale in his law as ho is
in his manners. Applause. Ho had only to
go to a law dictionary to find out what is a right
and what is a vested right; and for his infor
mation I will read from Bouvier's Law Dic
tionary: A right is defined to bo a well founded
claim. Andwhilolamintholawlinel will read
a little more. If a man demands his property,
which is withheld from him, the right that sup
ports his demand is a perfect one. Now, when
a pensioner demands that his pension bo paid
to him, which the law of the land says ho is
entitled to, and which has been withheld from
him without authority of law, that right is a
perfect right.
Eights are absolute and qualified. A man
has the absolute right to recover property which
belongs to him. Therefore, a pensioner
HAS AN ABSOLUTE EIGHT
to demand the payment of the pension tho law
of the land has given to him.
Now, what is a vested right? That is de
fined with eqnal clearness. To vest is to give to
you a fixed right; an estate is vested in posses
sion when there exists a right of present enjoy
ment. The pensioner ha3 a right to tho present
enjoyment of his pension, vested in him by the
law of theland. Therefore, itisa vested right;
and the use of those words was apt, appropriate,
and correct applause, tho law of tho Pension
Office to the contrary notwithstanding.
Laughter and applause. So we have not only
bad manners, but bad law from that Bureau,
fienowed laughter and applause.
The Chairman of tho Committee on Invalid
Pensions of this House, with the sanction of
his committee, brought in tho amendment to
the urgent deficiency bill passed Dec. 21, 1S93.
There was occasion for it, sir. An army of 12,000
men h&3 been denied their pensions, without
authority of law, by a subordinate official ; and
so far as I know, without interference from his
Buperior officer.
The remonstrances made all over the coun
try against the action of Commissioner Lochrcn
in
SUSPENDING PENSIONS
were manifestly just, in the judgment of Con
gress. To stop the pensions of an army of men,
without a hearing, was wrong. It was cruel to
hold a threat of impoverishment over every
soldier and every widow on the pension roll.
31 r. Chairman, I can givo tho committee
abundant reasons, drawn trom the compilation
of the pension laws published by the Pension
Bureau, for the act of December, 1892. They
print them for other people to read; they ought
to rend them themselves. Laughter aud ap
plause. Those laws declare that upon a certain
state of facts being shown the applicant "shall
be entitled " to receive so many dollars a
month from the Government.
Tho whole pension system, as embodied in
this volume, rests upon tho solid ground of
the right and titlo in tho peusioner to tho
amoHnt awarded to him by law. "Shall bo
entitled" is tho language of the law in more
than a dozen statutes. Tiio most precious rights
of the citizen are vested iu him by statute.
The right of suffrage is enjoyed by statute. The
right of inheritance is enjoyed by statute.
These are vested rights. The civil rights of
men, iu this country aud everywhere, rest
upon statute. You would awaken a very seri
ous response from the American people if you
told them theso were not vested rights. But
there is more iu this compilation. It is good
reading for tho Pension Bureau, if they would
look through it.
Let me invite attention to tho solemn decla
ration of the act of Juno 21, 1879 :
But in no cttse bhall a pension bo withdrawn or
reduced except upon notice to the pciibiouer and a
LcariiiK upon sworn testimony.
Coming to tho act of 1590. under which so
much of this mischief has been done, I read
from section 4:
Any person who shall wrongfully withhold from
a poiieioin-r or aclHimant the whole or any part of
any pension or ciaim allowed or due uuch pen
bioncr or claimant under this act shall bo deemed
KUiIty of a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or im
prisonment, or both.
The Commissioner of Pensions has with
held many thousands of pensions during the past
year; that they were wrongfully withheld is
proved by the fact that most of them havo been
restored; most of them had been granted under
this act; tho act of withholding these pensions
is declared by law to bo a misdemeanor, no
of cod-liver
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matter by whom tho net js done. Therefore,
Mr. Chairman, I affirm that there was oc
casion for passing the act of Dec 21, 1893. All
parties in this Houso voted for it. It was
passed by a Democratic Congress and signed by
a Democratic President. It expresses tho just
sentiment of tho country from ono end to tho
other. That act, sir, will stand. Applause.
It ought to stand.
Mr. Milliken (Mo., B.) spoke at length.
Among other things, ho said : Ho who de
clares that in hundreds and thousands of
neighborhoods fraudulent pensioners aro
known, and seeks to give tho impression that
pcusion frauds are common in all parts of the
couutry is
A MALIGNANT ENEMY
of tho veterans of the Union armies, whatever
his pretensions of friendship to them may bo,
becauso ho declares against them what every
intelligent man in tho country knows is not
true. I was not a little surprised that tho gen
tleman from Illinois Gen. Black shouldlet tho
occasion pass when ho had unlimited time ac
corded him to speak in without rebuking
that disgraceful slander upon his old comrades,
but on tho contrary gave it at least tho consent
of silence.
Tho gentleman from Tenncsseo Mr. Enloo
on yesterday, and tho gentleman from Illinois
Gen. Black on Saturday, aud thoy who from
time to timo siuco I havo been in Congress havo
preceded them in tho same line, prefaced their
attacks upon the pension laws and upon the old
soldiers by saying they desired that the pension
roll should bo a roll of honor; that it should bo
untainted with fraud; that they wished to havo
it clean. Havo these gentlemen ever heard any
ono say that ho did not want a clean pension
roll ? Havo thoy ever known any Grand Army
Post in this country to resolve that thoy wanted
anything but a clean pension-roll, or desired
that it should be anything but a roll of honor?
When I was a student at school it used to
be laid down in our elementary books that ono
of the most skjlful and effective sophistries was
to stato first a self-evident truth, or something
universally conceded, to got tho mind to accept
that, and then draw tho mind to accept another
theory which iu fact was by no means a logical
consequence of tho first. So our friends upon
the other sido of tho House who
ATTACK THE PENSION-ROLL
say: "We want tho pension-roll to bo a roll of
honor, a loll that is not tainted with fraud ;
hence the existing pension-roll is tainted with
fraud." Laughter. But, Mr. Chairman, that
does not follow by any meaus. The utter ab
surdity of such an argument no one, upon
reflection, will fail for a moment to perceive.
Pension frauds do not exist extensively in
anybody's district. I havo never heard tho
charge of wholesale pension frauds made on
this floor and sustained, or in any consider
able degree sustained. Like tho boy's 10,000
squirrels, when put to proof thoy dwindle down
to 100, then to 50, then to one, and then to only
a suspicion of one. Laughter. They havo
never beeu shown in debate here to materialize
It is only the enemy of pensions or tho en
tirely uninformed who utter and send broadcast
these slanders upon the vetoraus of tho Union
armies.
I could not but admire the assuranco and
effrontery of the distinguished gentleman from
Illinois Mr. Black, who on last Saturday stood
-hero berore at least a fairly intelligent audi
ence to advertise the Democratic party to tho
country as the friend par excellence of tho old
soldier and of pensions. How deep an impres
sion does he expect his assertion will make
upon the neighbors of those old soldiers, when
they see their pensions withheld or cut off, and
the veterans thereby plunged into destitution
and suffering?
Gen. Grosvenor (Ohio, R.) asserted that tho
estimates submitted by tho Commissioner
showed that it was not intended to favorably
adjudicate a large proportion of tho applica
tions now pending in tho Pension Office, and he
called attention to tho fact that out of 150
claims recently examined in a day by an Ex
aminer, 125
HAD BEEN I1EJECTED.
Ho took issue with tho statement made last
Saturday by Gen. Black, that tho Democratic
party was not uufriendly to the pension legis
lation and policy of the Government. Not a
single general appropriation bill, with tho
single exception of tho Mexican veteran bill,
which, he claimed, wa3 tho source of the great
est abuse ever known in tho Pension Bureau,
had received tho votes of a majority of tho
Democrats in Congress, while not a single Re
publican vote was recorded anainst them. Tak
ing this record into consideration and also that
of President Cleveland, tho soldiers of tho
country view with distrust tho assertions of
the Democratic party on this subject.
Do you, think that the old soldiers of this
country are to be humbugged by beautiful
utterances? asked tho General. Do" you
think they do not know who has done all this,
aud who has refused to do all this? My com
rades of tho war are a most intelligent body of
men.
Mr. Grosvenor took np tho letter of Commis
sioner of Pensions and dissected it statement
by statement. Ho proved that tho
WHOLESALE CHARGES
against tho pensioners were false; that tho
alleged frauds were either those already known
and published throughout tho country and per
petrated by pension attorneys and others, or
claims that were illegally vouched for and pre
sented, hue not already allowed. In all this ho
showed that in no instanco was any ex-Union
soldier concerned.
What is required to entitlo a man to be a
pensioner? Our friends seom to havo over
looked that question entirely. Even tho gen
tleman from Illinois Mr. Black, with his long
experience in tho Pension Office, seems to be
utterly oblivious as to what it is that constitutes
tho claim of a soldier to a pension. What differ
ence does it make, under tho law of 1890,
whether tho soldier served in tho army in bat
tieor othorwiso? Thero is but a single con
dition imposed by that law, and when the soldier
complies with that condition he stands by tho
law of his country, aud he has a right to stand
by it, and no man has a right, bo ho President
or Congressman or crossroads politician, to de
nounce that right.
Tho claim of tho soldier is based upon the
facl3 that ho served in the Union army for 90
days, that ho was honorably discharged, and
that ho is now suffering under a pousionablo
disability. It is not necessary to show that it
was caused by service in tho army. In this
connection another mass of
INCOMPETENT TESTIMONY
or demurrable proof is sought to be introduced.
Tho allegation is that there aro thousands of
dishonest pensioners on the pension-rolls, and
that tho act of 1890 is especially responsible
for it.
That is tho charge; now what is the ovi
deuco ? Tho evidence i3 that there are soldiers
on the pension-rolls that never were in battle!
And at ono time, when Judgo Long was as
sailed, it was claimed by tho Pension Depart
ment that an argument proper to bo used
against him was that ho had brains enough still
to bo a Judge of a court in tho Stato where ho
lived, and that thercfoio it could not be that ho
was so disabled as to bo entitled to a pension of
52 a month!
Gen. Grosvenor mado a strong defense of tho
Ohio regiment slurred in tho speech by Gen.
Black. Ho found at the Pension Oflico that
Gen. Black meant the 182d Ohio. The General
had said they were 100-day men, when thoy
wero oue-year men, and he had claimed that
since thoy did nothing but guard a railroad and
ttockades, their service could not have disabled
them. This Gen. Grosvenor proved fallacious
roasoning by showing that many 100-day regi
ments and one-year regiments were mado up of
tho men who had served two aud three years in
regular regiments and who had been honorably
discharged at the end of 18G4; hardened, time
worn, battle-scarred veterans.
Another class, wo may as well admit, was
made up as we said our enemies had mado up
some of their troops, by robbing tho cradle aud
the grave. Wo got a little short of troops on our
sido about that timo. Thoothereidegotagrcat
deal shorter, and wo had that advantage when
we enlisted the 100-day men aud tho one-year
men, we took in a lot of young fellows who had
grown up from boyhood sinco tho begiuning of
tho war, and we also enlisted a class of men who
under tho law would havo been exempt from
service, men past tho ago when they could
have beeu compelled to go into the service. It
is not strange, therefore, that theso 100-day
regiments and these
ONE-YEAR EEOIMICNT8
present a greater ratio of disabilities than tho
other Ohio regiments.
Hodcscriled tho desperate servico; tho fre
quent encounters with the enemy and tho losses.
There wore no birds singing thero as tho gou
tlemuu says thero was down at Cairo. Thero
was death.
Tho commanders or the Confederate troops
sent tho very flower of their men to cut off tho
rear. Anybody who stood at Pulaski on a cer
tain day in August, 1864, and aw the column
of Forrest deployed, three men dismounting
and two men leading the horses away, with the
deadly Enfield rifle in the hands of the dis
mounted men, and the assault that was made
upon the hill south of that town, will not un
dertake to talk abont birds and flowers and
Springtime.
"WHAT DID WE DO?
Tho authorities in tho North ordered these 100
day men, officered by tho very flower of our
army, who had served their timo out mon
who had served in the ranks and becomo Cap
tains and Majors and Colonels those 100-day
men wero sent under tho command of such
mon to guard these stockades and to open up
and protect our lino of communication. And
tho old troops woro gathered together woro
massed in tho army of Sherman and hurlod
upon thoGato City of Georgia, and ultimately
mado tho triumphant march to Atlanta and tho
sea, while their brethren of tho 100-day regi
ments stood iu tho' rear and made it possiblo
that our linos of communication should bo kopt
open. Applause.
Gon. Grosvenor dwelt at length upon tho sus
pension of pensioners in Ohio in 1893, and
showed outof 2,000 suspensions, 1,300 woro re
instated without examination in ordor to affect
tho voto in that Stato. Ho referred also to
Deputy Commissioner Murphy's visit to tho
Soldiers' Homo in Dayton on tho ovo of olectiou
on a
POLITICAL MISSION,
and quoted some remarkable circulars sont out
by tho Ohio State Democratic Committco to tho
old soldiers. In these documents tho sol
diers who had been suspended wero told that
the suspension was "due to somo Republican
sneak in your neighborhood," whilo whenever
a pensioner was granted an increase that fact
was mado known to him first by the Stato Com
mittee, with tho hint that ho should voto for
tho party that had increased his pension.
Theso actions Gen. Grosvenor characterized as
crimes which in any other than a politi
cal bureau would havo raised a storm of pro
test and indignation throughout tho couutry.
Gon. Grosvenor concluded: Tho system
of tho Pension Offico is an unauthorized
and illegal system, and I put iu veiy few
words my claim in regard to this branch
of the subject. I say that in a Govern
ment which guarantees to every man that ho
shall not bo convicted of crimo without a trial
by jury; that ho shall ho confronted with tho
witnesses against him; that ho shall havo com
pulsory process to procure witnesses in his
favor; that ho shall be dofonded by himself
or counsel at his election in a Government
whoso fundamental law gives theso guarauties
to every citizen, it is a
CRIME AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE
to tako from the soldier tho pension which has
been awarded to him at tho end of a litigation,
at the end of a trial in court, if you please,
whero ho has met an adverse board that has re
quired from him tho proof of the legality of his
claim and has finally rendered judgment in his
favor I say to tako away from him that pen
sion, or to suspend it, or to brand him by im
plication with dishonor and dishonesty is a
violation of the common principles of law and
justice, and a plain outrago upon tho rights of
the soldiers of this country.
Mr. Coombs (N. Y., D.), in tho conrso of his
remarks, mado this statement: Much is be
ing mado in tho arguments on tho other
sido out of tho fact that pensions havo
been suspended. Now, that was dono in
response to tho universal cry that went up
throughout tho country that tho pension-roll
was being soiled by placing names upon it
which should not bo there. That cry camo
from no political party. It camo as much from
tho old soldiers and soldiers' organizations as
.from any othor source."
Mr. Blair (N. H., K.) said that tho cry that
tho pension-roll was a roll of dishonor, tainted
with fraud, had long been heard in tho land.
As far back as 1881, iu order to get at tho
fraudulent pensioners, tho entire roll was pub
lished. It was examined iu every community,
and, as far as ho knew, not ono single, solitary
caso of fraud was developed. Ho spoko of tho
Mexican service pension bill, which was passod,
giving allowances to mon who, in a great ma
jority, woro engaged in an armed strugglo for
tho destruction of tho Government. Tho of
ficers who led tho armies of tho Confederacy
had learned war at West Point and in Mexico,
under the National flag and at tho Nftional
expense. Thero wa3 a great sentiment against
this bill. It was very difficult to enact tho
Mexican servico pension law; it was in fact
impossible, unless somo provision should bo
mado at tho same timo to satisfy to a reason
able extent tho demand for a service pension
for thoso who had served in tho war of tho
rebellion.
With a distinct understanding on my part,
said Mr. Blair, and, I think, generally on tho
part of thoso who were friends of tho soldier
element in tho North, that a separate provision
would bo made for them in a separate act, sub
stantially in tho nature of that which I had
proposed, we gave way and allowed tho passage
of the Mexican pension bill, and it became a
law. Finally, after a hard fight, and after
nearly everything wo in tho Sonata had con
tended for was gone, wo passed the measure with
a limited and comparatively unimportant pro
vision for tho soldiers of tho Uniou which
wa3 all we received for generously yielding to
tho urgent need of tho soldiers of tho Mexican
war and
EVEN TniB WAS VETOED
by thoProsident. Ho then wont on to discuss
the act of Juno 27, 1690.
Mr. Talbcrt (S. C, D.). Tho gentleman Ecom3
to bo dissatisfied with tho present lav, tho law
which was enacted Juno 27, 1890.
Mr. Blair. Not so much dissatisfied with tho
law as with its administration.
Mr. Talbert. I wish to ask tho gentleman this
question: When that law was under discussion in
tho first session of tho 51st Congress, did not Mr.
Yoder (Ohio, D.), thon a member of the House,
movo to recommit tho hill, with an amendment
providing that a service-pension bill should bo
incorporated with it, and is it not tho fact that
tho members of tho Republican party all voted
against tho motion to recommit, in order that
the sorvico-ponsion bill might bo enacted in its
place? Is it not a fact that tho gentleman from
Ohio Mr. Grosvenor, who has so eloquently
spoken against this bill, also recorded his vote
against that recommittal?
Mr. Blair. I presumo tho gentleman is right.
I would havo expected something of that kind.
An amendmont of that sort would havo been
the surest way to
KILL THE BILL.
Mr. Talbcrt. Would not Mr. Yoder's motion
to recommit the bill, with instructions to re
port that provision I havo offbrcd, accomplish
what tho gentleman favors now?
Mr. Blair. I tako it this is tho gentleman's
first experience in Congress. Perhaps ho will
discover after awhilo that tho enemies of a
mcasuro are very often likely to move amend
ments apparently in the same direction, for tho
express purpose of accomplishing the defeat of
that to which they aro opposed. Tho attach
ment to that hi 11 at that timo of an amendment
providing for a service pcusion would havo put
it in n condition whero it would havo been ut
terly impossible to pass it through tho House of
Representatives.
On tho 1st day of July, 1893, continued Mr.
Blair, thero wero on tho pension-roll 900,012
namc3, and six months later, Dec. 31, 1893,
9GG.112, an increase of but 130 names, and origi
nal applications had fallen off materially, says
tho Commissioner. Not much wonder at that.
Or, testing the work in another way. Thoro
were first payments during tho first six months
of fiscal year ending Juuo 30, 1693, $33,756,519,
at tho rato of $07,513,098 per year. First pay
ments of six months from Juno 30, 1893. to Dec.
30, 1893, $1,709,310. at the rato of $9,538,020 por
year under present Administration wholly, as
against $07,513,098 under Republican Adminis
tration, all but last threo mouths. Doing either
less than one-sixth of tho work, or if doing tho
samo work, cutting off tho pensioners, with loss
than what thoy wero receiving under tho Re
publican Administration.
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The truth is, tfeojiaraw
DISAZLOWaRGDCHE CLAIMS,
reducing amounts rfthM allowed, and con
centrating their gr&afifefljrt upon a general raid
upon pensions already allowed under the adju
dication of former AdnnulHtratlonB combining
thus every concoivaMoafprm of assaulting and
destroying tho operattaatof onrwiso and lm
mnno system of pension; laws. Again, consider
this subject in tho light' of theso figures:
Tho last RepublicancAdministration appro
priated for tho fiscal -year-ending Juno 30, 1894,
tho sum of $lG6,530.850rand estimated for tho
noxt year, ending Jcnec30, 1895, $180,000,000.
This Democratic bill'appiopriates for this last
year but $151,581,590, or ,$28,418,460 loss than
would havo beeu undoubtedly oxponded by tho
Republican Administration or in round num
bers $30,000,000 belonging directly to tho sol
diers of tho Union army.
That is confiscation of pensions. If this pro
cess uoes on tho pension system is destroyed.
Tho iucroasing ago, disability, and want of this
vast body of men and women and children will
requiro mora and moro pecuniary aid.
Who shall render it? Shall thoy suffer aud
starve for tho want of tho millions which aro
thoirs by overy motive of decency and grati
tudo and by tho express provisions of law?
Shall tho Nation which thoy saved boar tho
burden of love, or shall it ho placod upon tho
local communities, mainly of tho North?
With tho destruction of our industries waged
in the Wilson bill, with an income tax to bo
paid almost wholly by tho North, and with tho
soldiers, despoiled of thoir ponsious, cast de
pendent upon tho loyal Statos it would indeed
scam that the South is once moro iu tho saddle,
and the North groveling humbly at tho stirrup
of her powor.
Mr. Blair went on to speak of tho compara
tive sizes of tho Union army aud tho rebel
army: Assuming that tho colored population,
which was tho producing population, was of as
much consequence as though it had beeu white,
and it seems to me that you must admit that
thoy wero more so, becauso without them at
homo how would it have been possiblo to havo
carried on your farming or to havo kept your
army iu the field for threo months?
Now, it is a very low estimate to say that
thero was 0110 fighting man for five of the 011
tiro population. They givo us a little moro
than ono voter, you know, to every five of tho
population, and I assume that as the basis of
military strength on both sides.
It is just as fair for ono side as for tho other,
aud probably it is substantially correct, al
though you get good fighting mon who aro only
15. 16, and 17 years of age, as you know. Upon
that basis tho Northern military forco would bo
4,000,000 at the outbreak of the war, and tho
Southern white forco 1,600,000; but with tho
negroes supporting tho armies of tho South,
they should be included, and that would make
tho Southern fighting forco 2,400,000 as against
tho fighting forco of tho North at4.000.000. Tho
young men who were 12, 13, 14, or 15 yoara at
tho outbreak of tho war, coming in during tho
war, could not havo been less than 100,000
yearly at tho South, and I think you will ad
mit that is within the limit.
That will givo to tho South, including tho
negroes, 2,000,000 fighting white mon during
tho war who must havo been in tho servico or
who might havo beeu iu tho servico, and with
tho negroes at homo to tako caro of tho whole,
making in all a really fighting population of
2,800,000 mon.
Now, tho enlistments in tho Northern army
wero 2.800,000. Of thoso not less than one-half
a million were re-enlisted, so that the Northern
army iu tho field was not over 2,200,000 or
2,300,000 mon.
Against that tho (South had, including its
negroes, a fighting force of 2,800,000, and yet
you say to us that you fought us for four years,
and that you with only 600,000 men almostsub
stautially for those four,year3 dofeatod tho
whole 2,800,000 or rcajly 2,300,000 of tho North
ern army.
But after all thero aro no facts behind such
statements. I havo taken tho pains to go back
to tho census of 1600 to . ascertain tho facts
about this matter so that thoy may go into tho
Record. Gentlemen .may mako tho calculation
for themselves. I havo not gone to the muster
roll at all, but I havo gouo to the census in
order to reach a comparison of theso two peo
ples who met in thatrconfiict.
Mr. Mahou (Pa., R.) recapitulated tho
votes upon tho several general pension bills
that havo been beforo Cougress sinco 1878,
showing that about 600 Democratic votes had
been cast against them and about 400 for them,
while overl.OOO Republican votes had been cast
in their favor aud none against thom. 'The
record of President Cleveland on tho matter of
votes of pension bills placed against that of
tho other Presidents sinco tho war was also
given by Mr. Mahon, showing that ho had
vetoes over 500 bills, while of tho othor Presi
dents Grant only had vetoed bills, aud but fivo
all told. Theso figures, he said, wero signifi
cant, and expressed the hostility of tho Demo
cratic party against the pensioning of old sol
diers. WEDNESDAY, MAKCII 7.
In tho Somite tho House bill was passed, ap
propriating $15,000 for tho rescue of tho arma
ment of tho wieck of the United States steam
ship Kearsargo.
Tho Bland bill, after much discussion and
filibustering, was read a third timo aud wout
over.
In tho House, the Committee of tho Whole
considered tho pension appropriation hill.
.Mr. Hudson (Kan., D.), who opened tho de
bate for the day, criticised tho conduct of tho
Pousion Office both under the Harrison and
Cleveland Administrations. In Kansas, ho
said, thero wero 40,000 pensioners receiving on
an average $160, while in Massachusetts 84,000
pensioners receiving an average of $180 per
annum.
Do you think tho Massachusetts soldiers
receive too much? interjected Mr. Walker.
Let mo tell tho gontlemau sho has paid her
soldiers $23,000,000 iu addition to all thoy had
received from tho General Government.
Mr. Morso (Mass.), whoso recent tilt with tho
Commissioner of Pensions is still fresh in the
memory of the public, did not let tho oppor
tunity escape him of pouring a broadsido
against tho
l'UEVAILING PENSION POLICY.
Ho said ho subscribed to tho declaration of tho
gentleman from Now York (Mr. Sickles) that
the Commissioner of Pensions was guilty of bad
law and bad manners. Tho Commissioner had
assumed legislative as well as executive and
judicial functions, aud attempted to nverrido
the laws of Contiress. Tho Bureau was being
conducted on tho principle "How not to do it."
Mr. Stockdalo (Miss., D.) supported the pen
sion policy of Commissioner Lochrcn and tho
President. They were trying, ho said, to rid
tho roll of tho camp-followers and coffee-coolors
aud desortcrsin order to make it a historic and
honored roll of tho Nation's defenders.
Mr. Johnson (lud., R.) disenssad tho amend
ment to tho bill proposed by Mr. Euloe, con
struing tho law of Dec. 21, 1893, as not iutonded
to proven t tho temporary suspension of pen
sions whero fraud is suspected, which, ho said,
was a protest by tho Commissioner of Pensions
as restricting and limiting tho oxecutiou of tho
Bureau's policy rolatmgfto susponsiou of pen
sions. This amendment, Mr. Johnson said,
might bo tho means of working great distress
in the hands of an antagonistic official.
Mr. Johnson believed that 999 outof every
1,000 ox-soldiers woro honestly deserving of
their pensions. The existing statutes aro
AMPLY, SUFFICIENT
to furnish a romedy agajnsb all porsons who
have committed crimes? against tho pension
WOltK OF THIS
Corliflcaiea Issued During the Wuek Ending March 3, 1891.
i I Act Juno 27. TAt"!isJ8uU,
L- 1890, with-
5 a jt 7; ' .
a Is s s S 5 - asMik -s --
O & W Q Oz.OtOa'5 O j
Army Invalid 1C2 253 110 40 601
Army Invalid, act Juuo 27, 18'JO. 211 15 250 56 31 17 239 331 271
Army Widow, etc 118 1 :J20 439
Army Widow, etc., act June 27, 1890. 417 417 43 12 12 472 12
Navy Invalid 5 111 8
Navy Invalid, act June 27, 1890 9 9 1 3 10 3
Navy Widow, etc 1 1 2
Navy Widow, act June 27, 1890. 21 21 2 23
Army Nurde 5 5
18!2 Survivor
1812 Widow 1 1
Old War Invalid -
Old War Widow 1 1
Indian Wais Survivor 31 31
Indian Wars Widow 65 63
Mexican War Survivor. 4 84 88
Mexican War Widow 16 16
Act Juuo 27, 1890, with other claims. 148 81 181 6 419
Total 1245 431 833 47 320 2379 101 47 17 254 836 286
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laws. Lot tho Government procoed as it has
already proceeded to pnrsuo thoso pension
agents who havo been charged with tho crimo
of perjury and forgery, and those pensioners,
if such thero be, who havo been guilty of
frauds against tho pension laws, and punish
thom for their crimes. Tho vast power of the
Government can be brought to bear upon thoso
men who havo ofTended, and their speedy prose
cution will soon have tho effect of proventing
a repetition of liko crimes in the future.
Whenever there is a roasonablo bolicf that any
pensioner is upon tho rolls improperly, lot the
30 days' notico required by existing law be
given to him; lot him bo given an opportunity
to bo heard iu his own defense; and then if it
be found that ho had been drawing a pension
improperly let that pension bo dropped when
his guilt has thus been ascertained.
I grant that tho practico of allowing tho
pension money to be paid until the wrongful-
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tn artus utui itruw. xuo newspaper? can u inc
jKree for the a3klng If you plant seeds. Sj
g W. AT LEE BURPEE & CO.,Phi!ade!phia.
aiuutlon The .National Tribune.
FOll THTAT.. I havo found that tho best way to ad
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If you will send mo 1. 2-cent stamp to p.iy posts po. I will
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TENSION OFFICE.
ufpees
OKLU AWAY
M T - -- - - TTTTTm t --" m-rr-:r-j---mvwr mjrt w.irTri
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sweetness, and delicacy of Cuticura Soap, and to
discover new uses for it daily.
In the preparation of curative washes, solutions,
etc., for annoying irritations, chafings, and excori
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liiiuuu luny Mutuant! iuoiu luvuivu suiuo jibbiu
loss to the Government, bnt I am satisfied the
.. .:n i, 11 1. n- fj,o ;.
1
amount will be small, much smaller than is
asserted by thoso who falsely claim great frauds
to have been practiced in pension matters;
and it is infinitely better that this condition of
affairs should exist than that any deserving
pensioner should be humiliated, harassed,
delayed, and inconvonienced aye, sir, and
distressed by withholding from him tho pension
money which ho ought to have in his pocket3,
with which to obtain the necessaries of life.
Mr. Thomas (Mich., E.) said that la this dis
cussion the division has been strictly partisan.
In so far as I know tho advocates of tho policy
which jeopardizes tho rights of these veterans
are confined to the Democratic party. Gentle
men may say this is a mere coincidence; but
tho careful student of American history en
counters too many coincidences to be satisfied
with the explanation.
A series of coincidences establishes a rule.
Turn over tho pages of tho Congressional Record,
and wherever you find an opposition voto to
any bonoficial law for the soldier you invari
ably find a Democratic vote. And I will go
ono step farther, aud say not a law upon which
pension appropriations for tho last war aro
based originated with the Democratic party.
It was a custom among the Greeks to inflict
a penalty on the prosecutor who failed to main
tain his charges. If we had such a law here
accusations would not be so flippantly made
and many a slander suppressed through fear.
There i3 every reason to believe that this charge
of fraud is exaggerated. First, because it i3
vague and uncertain ; and, second, because it is
not made where it can be investigated.
It is safe to say that tho pension-list is a roll
of honor. It is from tho muster-roll3 of a thou
sand battlefields, from Charleston to Appomat
tox, from Shiloh to Gettysburg, from the Ohio
to the Gulf, from th.e Atlantic to the Western
plains, that a grateful Nation has gathered
names to adorn its pension-roll.
Mr. Springer charged that the Pension Bu
reau had been used by tho Eepublican party to
affect tho vote in Ohio and Indiana, which were
doubtful States politically. Illinois averaged
neither so many pensioners nor so much paid
per pensioner per district as did both the States
named.
The general debate was thon bronghfc to a
closo by Mr. O'Neil, in charge of tho bill.
He revfowed the various speeches by Eepub
lican members, aud replied to their several
criticisms of, and charges against, the Bureau.
The close of Mr. O'Neil's speech was a eulogy
upon the character and services of Gen. Black,
the ex-Commissioner; Commissioner Lochreu;
Secretary Smith, and President Cleveland;
and he declared tho bill a generous expression
of the Democratic party on the subject of pen
sions. Tho bill then camo up for consideration
under tho five-minute rule and for amend
ment. SEVERAL AMENDMENTS
were read and presented, including Mr. Enloe's,
but wero defeated eithor by points of order or
without division.
JTr. Henderson (Iowa, E.) said: I have
been pained not a little during this debate that
a measure which should inspire the heart and
receive tho indorsement of every American
citizen divides this Houso almost a3 radically
as though wo wero discussing some great war
measure, and as though we represented here
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different conntries at war with each other. Yet,
Mr. Chairman, I have soon this in Congress after
Congress sinco I have been a member of this
Honae. Frauds aro charged here; and the ia
pression is spread broadcast before tho country
that tho pension-roll of tho Ropnblic Is rotten.
Yet not ono scintilla of ovidenco to prove thai
charge has been offered in this House not
one.
An eloquent tribnto has jnst been paid by my
distinguished collcaguo on the committee Mr.
O'Neil to a gallant soldier, tho honorable gen
tleman from Illinois, Gen. Black, who, I regret
to Bee, is not present. Gen. Black deserves
kind memories from this country: and I nnite
in ovory genorous expression and thought In
respect to him as a soldier. But, Mr. Chair
man, whilo ho stood up hero beforo this Repub
lic when tho pension-roll was discussed, ho
hold in ono hand a beantiful bouquet of rhet
oric to tempt and attract the soldiers of tbo
Republic, while in his othov hand he hold a
dagger to striko into thoir souls. Ah, gentle
men, scars aro houorable. but thoy should not
bo mado cloaks behind which to striko equally
hnnorahlo mon. For one, thi3 debate shall not
closo without my crying "shame" npon the
soldier who stands hero loading a column to
discredit pensioners of this Republic. Ap
planso on the Republican side.
You say thero are frauds. I only
KNOW OF ONE CLASS OF FKAUDS
that wero perpetrated by tho soldiers. I hava
seen boys too low in stature to be enlisted hava
blocks put under their heels to beat the exam
ining Surgeons. I havo known boys less than.
18 to say that they were 19 to got under the
flag.
There wero lots of that kind of fraud perpe
trated, I know. On tho other side of that great
Btrugglo many too oid and too young bad to go
in; bnt as for frauds on this pension-roll, thoy ara
in your imagination. And yet you havo talked
it so much in this and other debates that yon
havo got many people in this country to beiiovo
that it is a rotten roll. Ah, gentlemen, whoa,
wo wero around in tho little villages and in tho
big citie3standing on stumps and boxes to rally
men to leave their families and their homes to
go and save the flag, wc did not stop much upon.
tho representations made, and they went pour
ing into tho ranks by the hundreds and thou
sands from overy whore. And now it is a little
hard, when you know how badly they haveBnfi
fered and how inadequately the pension-rollj
testifies to their real sufferings and disabilities,
to havo such utterances a3 we have heard in
thi3 debate.
My God, havo wo a Union, and aro we not all
in it now? If so, let us try and pull together,
and bo just. In the la3t Congress, when fraud
was charged, I challenged the Commissioner of
I JTUU3IUU3 IU JIIVUSUKU
Pensions to investigate and report to me the
: . - - , .. .. -rr
I Percentage of frauds on the pension-roll. He
1 pat it at less than 1 percent., and so did Gen.
put
Bussey, tho Assistant Secretary of the Interior,
to whom pension appeals wero taken. With
out proof to tho coutrary, with positive proof
that thero is scarcely any fraud, yet pensioza
frauda aro made the slogan of this debate!
Somo openly attack the pension-roll, like tho;
unfailing gentloman from Tennessee (Mr. Enn
loe), who, the unremitting champiou of everjr
sort of war or cotton claims, nover charging o4'
pointing out a fraud in that direction, is inex
haustible in his efforts to cost somo slur upon
the
DEFENDERS OP THIS COUNTRY.
Mr. Grow (Pa., E.) offered tho last amend
ment, providing that no pension on account of
disability in the service should belesa than $12
per month. A point of ordor was allowed
against this amendment, but Mr. Grow made &
brief speech, hi3 first since his return to the
House.
Mr. Crow's remarks
BUBBLED OVER "WITH PATRIOTISM
and glowed with the fire of eloquence. Ha
wanted the benefit received by the veteran
disabled in battle to be of a substantial char
acter during the remainder of their pilgrimage
It would bo but a ievr years before the last of
the survivora of the mighty conflict would sleep
in the chamber of the dead.
At tho conclusion, the bill was passed with-
out division, and substantially in the form in,
which it was reported by the Committee on
Appropriations.
On Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Monday
little wa3 done in either Houso of Congress.,
In tho Senato Mr. Harm was ocenpied in trying
to arrange for closing of debate on tho seignior
age bill, and the House fought over the District?
appropriations. Eoutine business took up tho
rest of the time.
i A HEW POPULAR EDITION. ;
JUST PUBLISHED.
THE QESV or
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