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ESTABLISHED 1877-MTOT SERIES.
Ipdopvill:
A Story of Rebel Military
Prisons.
(COVYKIGUT.)
SYNOPSIS OF PKKCKOING CnAFTEKS.
The wonderM country ubmit Cumberland
Gap, and the strategic importnnco of that
place. The great need of food and forage for
the garrison sends a battalion of cavalry up
Powell's Valley to clear it out and secure its
tnpplics. A rebel command starts down the
valley to drive the Union troopers out. The
two forces niPet on top of a liili, and a prompt
charge Rives the day to the Uuiou men and
scatters the rebels in headlong rout.
The cavalry battalion occupies the country
cained. and protects the for.'ge trains sent out
to gather up the supplies and haul them iu.
This duty la-U- until the niorniiic of Jan. 3,
1SG4. The battalion is attacked by Jones's
JJripado of lebeis, and after a stubborn, desper
ate light is compelled to surrender. The pris
oners are taken' by rail through a picturesque
part of Virginia to Richmond, searched at Lib
by, and sent to different prisons. First week
of prison life. Interior and exterior scenes iu
Richmond. Stoppage of exchange.
The first squad of prisoners leave Richmond
for Andersonville. Scenes along the route.
Arrival at the famous prison-pen.
Sonielliing as to southern Garcia. A sterile
land. Ingeniousconstrnction of shelters against
the weather. Gen. Winder and CapU Wirz
take charge of the Prison.
The month of March is passed in tho peu,
with little shelter from the snow, rain, and
wind. Tho piison fills up with additional
squads, including tho deserters from Castle
Lightning in Richmond, with whom the other
prisoners have much trouble. Mortality rap
id! v increase.
Crowd inside tho stockade constantly in
creases. Arrival of prisoners and guns from
Oolustee. Killing of "Poll Parrot." Prisoners
planted by vermin. Trading with guards.
The prisoners' minds are bent on oschango
or escape. Much time devoted to tnnel
dieeiug. Traitr.rs are summarily punished.
The rainy month of June. The crowd in
side the prison rapidly increases, the rations
crow worse, and the misery iiitensifie.
Terrible ravages of diseases of the digestive
organs. Appalling increase iu the mortality.
Some instances of deaths of the writer's com
rades. Raiders crow unbearable. They attempt
the murder of Leroy L. Key, who'forras a baud
of Rvgulatois.-
Tho latter defeat the Raiders in a terrible
battle. The.Riider leaders are arrested, and
at a court-martial of the prisoners six are
sentenced to ieuh. The remaiuder Wtrz in
sists shall bo released from the small stockade.
The prisoners become infuriated at this, and as
iho Raiders are let into the big stockade maul
them severely. A scaffold is bnilt andthe Raid
ers hanped amid intense excitement.
The t-secutums are followed by organization
of a strong polico force among the prisoners,
and discipline becomes good.
- A ymmg Ohio soldier, captured at Atlanta,
tells the story of the battle.
CHAPTER XL (continued).
CONTINUATION". OF THE OHIO VETERAN'S
GEAPHIC BECITAI. TO THE ANDERSON
VIL1.E PRISONERS OF THE BATTLE OF
ATLANTA HOW LOGAN TOOK COMMAND.
FINDING il'PHERSON'S BODY THE WAY
HE 31ET DEATH.
w
-E COULD PLAINLY SEE
the rebel lines as they came
out of the woods into the opeu
grounds to attack the Six
teenth Corps, which had hastily formed in
the open field, without an' signs of works,
and were standing up like men, having
a hand-to-hand fight AVe were just far
enough in the rear so that every blasted
ehot or shell that was fired too high to
hit the ranks of the Sixteenth Corps
came rattling over amongst us. All this
time we were marching fast, following in
the direction Gen. Scott had taken, who
evidently had ordered the Colonel to join
his hrigade up at the front, We were down
under the crest of a little hi!!, following
along the bank of a little creek, keep
ing under cover of the bank as much
as possible to protect us from the shots of
the enemy. We suddenly saw Gen.
Logan and oue or two of his staff upon
the right hank of the ravine riding rap
idly toward us. As he neared the head
of the regiment he shouted :
" 'Halt! What rejjiment is that, and
where are you going? '
" The Colonel, iu a loud voice, that all
could hear, told him:
" The G8th Ohio ; going to join our
brigade of the Third Division your old
division, General, of the Seveuteeuth
Corps."
"Logan says
You had better uo rijrht
in uere on tue leic oi uoage. ine
Third Division have hardly ground
enough left now to bury their dead. God
knows, they need you. But try it on, if
you think you can get to them.'
"Just at this moment a staff officer
came riding up on the opposite side of
the raviucrwhere logan was, and inter
rujrted Logan, who was about telling
the Colcncl not to try to go to the posi
tion held by the Third Division by the
road cut through the woods whence we
had come? out, but to kep oil to the
ricrUt tmvirrrls tho Fifteenth Corns, ils
-'o I
the woods Veierred to were full of rebels.
The officer1 saluted Logau, aud Ehouted
across :
" Gen. Sherman directs me to inform
ycu of the death of Gen. McPherson,
and orders you to take command of the
Army of the Tennessee; have Dodge
close well ;ip to the Seventeenth Corps,
and Shernlau will reinforce you to the
extent of ihe whole army.'
" Logaii, standing in his etirrups, on
his beautiml black horse, formed a pic
ture againnt the blue sky as we looked
up the mvine at him, his black eyes
fairly blazing, and hi3 long black hair
waving m .the wind. He replied in a
ringing, cfear tone that we all could
hear :
" ' Say to Gen. Sherman I have heard
of McPhcreou's death, and have assumed
the conjiBJand of the Army of the Ten
w,
m a a ran I 1iaSFl$
L F. Mack,
Ohio.
Isaac F. Mack, of Ohio, wa3 a
student at Oberlin, O., at the outbreak
of the war, and at once enlisted in the
famous company of students from that
institution which formed part of the
7th Ohio. His regiment was attacked,
at Cross Lanes, Aug. 21, 1SG1, by an
overwhelming force of rebels, and about
100 captured, of whom Comrade MacK
was one. He was kept in prison about
one year, and endured such privations
that his lieal th was broken down; he
had to be discharged from the service,
and was refused, when he offercrl to re
enlist. He is editor and owner of the
Register of Sandusky, 0., and has been
earnest and prominent in good works
for his comrades ever since the war. Ho
has been Commander of the Department
of Ohio, G.A.R., National President of
the Prisoners of War Association, and
the chief promoter of the erection of tho
splendid Ohio Soldiers aud Sailors'
Home at Sandusky.
J. P. S. Gohin, of Pennsylvania,
comes of old Pennsylvania Revolution
ary stock. He was a lawyer at the oute
break of the war, but enlisted at once in
the 47th Pa., and came out at the cljisO;
of the war its Colonel and a Brevet
Brigadier-General for gallantry inaction.
He has been an active Grand Army man
for 30 years, was Department Com
mander of Pennsylvania in 188G, and.
has been inteiestcd and helpful in every
work that promised benefit to his com
rades. He is a lawyer, and Brigadier
General of the Pennsylvania National
Guard. "
nessee, and have already anticipated his
orders in regard to closing the gap be
tween Dodge and the Seventeenth
Corps.'
" This, of course, all happened in one
quarter of the time I have been telling
you. Logan put spurs to his horse, and
rode in one direction, the staff officer of
Gen. Sherman in another, aud we started
on a rapid step toward the front. This
was the first we had heard of Mcpher
son's death, and it made U3 feel very
bad. Some of the officers and men cried
as though they had lost a brother j others
pressed their lips, gritted their teeth, I
and swore to avenge jus aeatn. iae wjis
a great favorite with all his army, par
ticularly of our corps, which he com
manded for a long while. Our company,
especially, knew him well, and loved him
dearly, for we had been his Headfiuar
ters Guard for over a year.
"As we marched along, toward the
front, we could see brigades, and regi
ments, and batteries of artillery, coming
over from the right of the army, and
taking position in new line3 in rear of
the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Corps.
Major-Generals and their staffs, Brigadier-Generals
and their staffs, were
mighty thick along the banks of
the little ravine we were following;
stragglers and wounded men by the
hundred were pouring in to the safe
oo
shelter formed by the broken ground
along which we were rapidly march
ing; stories were heard of divisions,
brigades and regiments that these
wounded or stragglers belonged to, hav
ing been all cut to pieces; officers all
killed ; and the speaker, the only one of
his command not killed, wounded or
captured. But you boys have heard
and seen the same cowardly sneaks,
probably, in fights that you were in.
The battle raged furiously all this time ;
part of the time the Sixteenth Corps
seemed to be in the worst; than it
would let up on them and the Seven
teenth Corps would be hotly engaged
along their whole front
We had probably marched half an
- 1 hour since leaving Logan, and were
it
"&0 tar? tt Mw
Candidates for
Jas. A Sexton, Illinois.
getting pretty near. back to our main
line of works, when the Colonel ordered
a halt and knapsacks to be unslung and
piled up. I tell you it was a relief to
get tfcem off, for it was a fearful hot
day, and we had been marching almost
double quick. We ,kuew that this
meant business, though, and that we
were stripping for the fight, which we
would soon be in.
" Just at this moment we saw an am
bulance, with the horses on a dead run,
followed bv two or three mounted
officers and men, coming right towards
us out of the very woods Logan had
cautioned the Colonel to avoid. When
the ambulance got to where we were it
halted. It was pretty well out of dan
ger from the bullets and shell of the
enemy. They stopped, and we recog
nized" Maj. Strong, of McPhersou's
Staff, whom we all knew, as he was the
Chief Inspector of our Corps, and in the
ambulance he had the body of Gen.
McPherson.
"Mai. Strong, it appears, during a
slight lull in the fighting at that part of
the line, having taken an ambulance
and driven into the very jaws of death
to recover the remains of his loved com
mander. It seems he found the body
right by the side of the little road that
we had gone out on when we went to
the rear. He was dead when he found
him, having been shot off his horse, the
bullet striking him in the back, just be
low his heart, probably killing him in
instautly. " There was a young fellow with him,
who was wounded also, when Strong
found them. He belonged, to our First
Division, and recognized Gen. Mc
Pherson, aud stood by him until Maj.
Strong came up. He was iu the ambu
lance with the body of McPherson
when they stopped by us.
" It seems that when the fight opened
away back in the rear where we had
been, and at the left of the Sixteenth
Corps, which was almost directly in tho
rear of tho Seventeenth Corps, Mc
Pherson sent his Staff and Orderlies
with various orders to different parts of
r
, v -,"
wftfl to foraw flttjfcittle, atf ft Mfi vol&w Mfl ante "
WASHINGTON, D. 0., THURSDAY, AUGUST
CommanderinChiet G.A.R.
J. P. S. Gobin, Pennsylvania.
i
John
ithe line, and started himself to ride
.over from the Seventeenth Corps to tjie
Sixteenth Corps, taking exactly the
same course our regiment had, perhaps,
an hour before; but,the rebels had dis
covered there was a' gap between the
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Corps, and
meeting no opposition to their advances
in "this strip, of. -yvoods where they were
hidden from vieX, they had marched
right along down in the rear, and with
their line at right angles with the line
of works occupied by the left of the
Seventeenth Corp?; they were thus
parallel and close to the little road Mc
Pherson had taken," and probably he
rode right into them aud was killed be
fore he realized the true situation.
" Having piled our knapsacks, and
left a couple of our older men, who
were played put with the heat and most
ready to drop with sunstroke, to guard
them, we started onasrain. lhe ambu
lance with the corpse of Gen. McPher
son moved off towai-ds the right of the
army, which was the last we ever saw of
that brave and handsome soldier.
V We bore off a little to the right of
a large open fieldsoia top of a high hill
where one of our .batteries was pound
ing away at a tremendous rate. Wo
came up to the main line of works just
about at the left.pf lhe Fifteenth Corps.
They seemed to be. having an easy time
of it just then no fighting going on iu
their front, except occasional shots from
some heavy guns on tho main lino of
rebel works around the city. We
crossed right over jj-ho Fifteenth Corps'
works and filed to the left, keeping
along on the ouidej of our works.
,"fYio had not. gpne far before the
rebel gunners, hi 'th&fmaiil works around
the city discoverej us"; and the way
they did tear loosest, us'. was a caution.
Their aim was rata bad, however, and
most of their shots; went over us. We
saw oue" of them I think it was a
shell strike ah artillery caisson belong
ing to one of our batteries. It exploded
as it struck, and then tho caisson, which
was full of ammunition, exploded with
an awful noise, throwing pieces of wood
"--J- 1A, . ,,.,fji "" ' ' "4"'" "." ,. " "- " ' '
26. 1897.
' .if -'',.
''4-:. I '
'"' '' ,S- ' -
t ' " ' ' " '
' -mi- '-
& , '-'
't ' -. '-
: -,.T'.
I ,ii V -" ' -'-
"' . ; &
Geo. H.
C. Linehan, New Hampshiee.
.and iron and its own load of shot and
shell high into the air, scattering death
and destruction to the men and horses
attached to it. We thought we saw
arms and legs and parts of bodies of
men flying in every direction ; but we
Avero glad to learn afterwards that it
wa3 the contents of the knapsacks of
the battery boys, who had strapped
them on the caissons for transportation.
" Just after passing the hill where our
battery was making things so lively
they stopped firing to let us pas3. We
saw Gen. Leggett, our division com
mander, come riding toward, us. He
was outside of our line of works, too.
You know how we build breastworks
soi?t of zigzag like, you kuow, so they
cannot be enfiladed. Well, that's just
the way the works were along there, and
you never saw such a curious shape as
we formed our division in. Why, part
of them were on one side of the works,
and go along a little farther aud here
was a regiment, or part of a regiment,
on the other side, both sets firing in
opposite directions.
" No sir'ee, they wore not demoralized
or in confusion ; they were cool and as
steady aa on parade. But the old di
vision had, you know, never been driven
from any position they had once taken,
in all their long service, and they did
not propose to leave that ridge until
they got orders from someone beside the
robs.
" There were times when a fellow did
not know which side of the works was
the safest, for the Johnnies wore in front
of U3 and in rear of us. You see, our
Fourth Division, which had been to the
left of us, had been forced to quit their
works, when the rebs got into the works
in their rear, so that our division was
now at the point where our line turned
sharply to the left and rear, in the di
rection of the Sixteenth Corps.
" AVe got into business before wo had
been there over three minutes. A line
of the rebs tried to charge across the
open fields in front of us, but by the
help of the old 24-pounders (which
proved to be part of Cooper's Illinois
- .? - . -.'"W ""', "f-
Erilntiw.
.2 b.
c- e
VOL. XVI
Innis, Massachusetts.
John 0. Linehan, of . ew Hamp
shire, was born in Ireland, but came to
this country at an early age. He en
listed in 1SG1 in the band of the 3d N.
H., and served with it until the band
was discharged. He has been a member
of the G.A.E. since 1874; Commander
of his Post, Commander of the Depart
ment of New Hampshire in 1&31,'82,
President of the New Hampshire Veter
ans Association, and Junior Vice Commander-in-Chief
in 1839. He was for
years a member of the National G.A.R.
Pension C "littee, and very efficient
in formulatfe, jpd securing the passage
.of "thSDiaaba-'ty BilL He Is Insurance
Commissioner .of New Hampshire.
Geo. H. Innis, of Massachusetts,
was born at Marblehead, and at the age
of 16 enlisted in Sleeper's 10th Mass.
battery, with which he served from
Gettysburg to Appomattox, and wa3 al
ways present for duty. He has been an
active Grand Army man ever since the
war, and has held nearly every position
in the Order. He has been Department
Commander of Massachusetts, and was
chosen Senior Vice Commander-in-Chief
in 1891. He is Street Commissioner of
Boston.
Jas. A. Sexton, of Illinois, enlisted
April 19, 18G1, as a private, when but 17
years old, and wa3 discharged at Vicks
burg, MLs3., Aug. 7, 18G5, by reason of
the close of the war. He rose to be a
Captain in the 72d 111., aud commanded
his regiment in several battles, receiving
much commendation. He is a Grand
Army man of long and honorable record,
and. was Commander of the Department
of Hlinois in 1888. He is an extensive
I manufacturer of stoves, ranges, etc., and
was Postmaster of Chicago under Har
rison. battery, that we had been alongside of
in many a hard fight before), we drove
them back a-flying, only to have to jump
over on the outside of our works the
next minute to tackle a heavy force
that came for our rear through that
blasted strip of woods. We soon drove
them off; and the firing on both sides
seemed to have pretty much stopped.
" Our brigade, which we discovered,
was now commanded bv ' Old Whiskers'
(Col. Wiles, of the 78th Ohio. I'll bet
he's got the longest whiskers of any man
in the army). You see, Gen. Scott had
not been seen or heard of since he had
started to the rear after our regiment
when the fighting first commenced. We
all believed that he was either killed or
captured, or he would have been with
his command. He was a splendid sol
dier, and a bulldog of a fighter. His
absence wa3 a great loss, but we had not
much time to think of such thing3, for
our brigade was then ordered to leave
the works and to move to the rightabout
twenty or thirty rod3 acros3 a large
ravine, where we were placed in posi
tion in an open cornfield, forming a new
line at quite an angle from the line of
works we had just left, extending to the
left, and getting U3 back nearer on to a
line with the Sixteenth Corps.
" The battery of howitzers, now rein
forced by a part of the 3d Ohio heavy
guns, still occupied the old works on the
highest part of the hill, just to the right
of our new line. We took our position
just on tho brow of a hill, and were or
dered to lie down, and the rear rank to
go for rails, which we discovered a few
rods behind U3 in the shape of a good
10-rail fence. Every rear-rank chap
came back with all the rails he could
lug, and we barely had time to lay them
down in front of us, forming a little
hnrricftde of six to eight or 10 inches
high, when we heard the mo3t unearthly
rebel yell directly in front of U3.
" It grew louder and came nearer and
nearer, until .we could see a solid line of
the ray coats coming out of the woods
and down the opposite slope, their battle-
(CoutiiiUtid on third page.)
Read "Andarsonvll!,''
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- NO. 46-WHOLB NO. 837.
P0IHS op 6EJ.
WH. T. SHEtUEAlL
WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.
MOST IMPORTANT MARCH
In Position Where Nothing Can
Stay Progress.
OCCUPATION OF G0LDSB0E.0
Transmission of Correspondence Be
tween the Union Leaders.
REASONS FOR CERTAIN EVENTS
References
to Sheridan's
man's Raid3.
and Stonfr
(COPYKIGHT).
CHAPTER XXni.
T
HUS WAS CONCLUDED-
one of the longest and most im
portant marches ever made by
an organized army m a civil
ized country. The distance from Savan
nah to Goldsboro' i3 425 miles, and the
route traversed embraced five large
navigable rivers, viz, the Edisto, Broac7
Catawba, Pedee, and Cape Fear, at either
of which a comparatively small force,
well handled, should have made the pass
age most difficult, if not impossible.
The country generally was in a stata
of nature, with innumerable swamps,
with simply mud roads, nearly every
mile of which had to be corduroyed.
In our route we had captured Columbia,
Cheraw, and Fayetteville, important
cities and depots of supplies, had com
pelled the evacuation of Charleston
City and Harbor, had utterly broken
up all the railroads of South Carolina,
and had consumed a vast amount of
food and forage, essential to the enemy
for the support of his own armies. Wa
had in Midwinter accomplished the
whole journey of 425 mile3 in 50 days,
averaging 10 miles per day, allowing 10
lay-days, and had reached Goldsboro'
with the army in superb order, and the
trains almost as fresh as when we had
started from Atlanta.
It was manifest to me that we could
resume our march, and come within
the theater of Gen. Grant's field of
operations in April, and that there was
no force in existence that could delay
our progress, unless Gen. Lee should
succeed in eluding Gen. Grant at Peters
burg, make junction with Gen. Johnston,
and thus united meet me alone; and
now that we had effected a junction with
Gens. Terry and Schotield, I had no fear
even of that event. On reaching Golds
boro'. I learned from Gen. Schofield all
4he details of hi3 operations about Wil
mington and iSewbern ; also, ot the
fight of the Twenty-third Corp3 about
Kinston with Gen. Bragg. I also found
Lieut. Dunn, of Gen. Grant's staff, await
ing me, with the General's letter of Feb.
7, covering instructions to Gens. Scho
field and Thomas; and his letter of
March 16, in answer to mine of the 12th,
from Fayetteville.
These are all given here to explain
the full reasons for the event3 of the war
then in progress, with two or three letters
from myself to fill out the picture.
Headquarters Armies o? the Unites?
Statks, City Point. Va., Feb. 7, 1863.
Maj.-Geu. W. T. Sherman, commanding liili
tary Division of the Mississippi.
General: Without much expectation of i4
reaching you in time to be of any service, I
have mailed to you copies of instructions to
Schofield and Thomas. 1 had informed Scho
field by telegraph of the departure of AIahoue'3
Division south from the Petersburg front.
These troops marched down the Weldon road,
and, as they apparently went without baggage,
it is doubtful whether they have not returned.
I wa3 absent from hare when they left. Just
returned yesterday morning from Cape Fear
River. I went there to determine where Scho
field's Corps had better go to operate againsft
Wilmington and Goldsboro'. The instructions
with this will inform you of the conclusion
arrived at.
Schofield was with me. and the plan of tho
movement against Wilmington fully deter
mined before we started back; hence the
absence of more detailed instructions to him.
He will laud one division at Smithville, and
move rapidly up the south aide of the river,
aud secure the Wilmington & Charlotte Bail
road, and with his pontoon train cros3 over to
the island south of the city, if he cau. With
the aid of the guuboat3, there is no doubt
this move will drive the enemy from their
position eight miles ea3t of the city, either
back to their lino or away altogether. Thera
will bo a large force on the north bank of Capo
Fear Kivor. ready to follow up and invest ih.9
garrison, if they should go inside.
The railroads of North Carolina are four feel
eitht aud one-half inches gage. I have sen
largo parties of railroad men there to build
thorn up. aud have ordered stock to run. them.
We haveabundauce of it idle from the nou-uso
of the Virginia roads: I have taken every pre
caution to have supplies ready for you wherever
you may turn up. I did this before when you
left Atlanta, and regret that they did not reach
you promptly when you reached salt-waer,
a
Alexander Stephens, R. il. T. Hunter and
Judge Campbell are now at my Headquarters,
very desiroui of goiug to Washington to see
Mr. Lincoln, informally, on the subject of
peace. The peace feoling within the rebel Hne3
;a ,.c,;n;nr. nrnnnrl ruiiifllr. This, however.
should not relax our energies in the least, dub
should stimulate us to greater activity.
I have received your very kind letters, m
which you aay you would decline, or r.re op
posed to, promotion. No ono would be mora
ploased at your advancemout than 1, aud if yoa
should bo placed in my position, and I put sub
ordinate, it would not change our personal xo
Published by permission of D. Appleton J 0.,
publishers of lhe Personal ileinoli ol Uou. . -U
i Sherman.