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HAWAII progress HOLOMUA.
Ide T rife of tlxe T rn d. is 2BstaTolislie.c2. 133. IE3Igrteo"CLsrLess'
Vol. I. o. 33.
HONOLULU. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1893.
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THE VICTORY !
The Final Address
OF THE-
Leland Standford Univer
sity Students
Against Annexation of
Hawaii.
WARD BANNISTER, the
t
Last Speaker.
Judges Knight, Morrow and
Hatch, decide in favor of
the Opponents df Annexa
tion. "! v .
Mn. Chairman:
Could the framers of the con
stitution revisit this 'world the
great -wonder to them would be
this Bepublic extending from
ocean to ocean, from Canada to
Mexico. They would think it
the miracle of the ages? "For
are not popular governments
they would ask confined un
necessarily to areas of small ex
tent?" "Did not " Holland,
Venice and Switzerland owe
their success to their "narrow
limits?" "And were not Bome's
greatest teritorries the cause of her
change from a Bepublic to a des
potism?" Such would be the
reasoning' of the fathers. But
the future is not always to be
read from the omens of the past.
America with the aid of the rail
road, tho telegraph and a com
paratively enlightened public
has been able to accomplish
with measured success what to
other republics under less favor
able conditions has been dented.
She has acquired and maintain
ed under one government the
greatest territory inhabited by a
self-governing people.
The half-wistful, hardly-daring
hope of fifty 'ears ago has beeu
fulfilled. The oceans now lie
at our doors. These natural
boundaries reached, the spirit
of- acquisition ever cautious
and moderate has seemed con
tent, and the national energies
have been turned to the develop
ment of territories acquired.
True, we sometimes talk of
Canada and Mexico countries
adjacent and it is possible
that they may in time be
annexed to the United States.
But the present agitators of a
Union are not the Americans,
but the Canadians and a few of
the inhabitants of Northern
Mexico. Whatever the political
destiny of these couatrie may
be, two things are eqaally cer
tain; we are not now ready to
meet the problems of their acqui
sition, neither will we ever
annex them agaiat their will.
BepablicaBiaa k.aoi absolatkm.
Indeed oar coateai with the
present domara hm foasd expres
sion ia a aatioal-poliey. How
ever ack 4hat policy May
waver a to North aad Soth k
of no concern to us in this
debate. We are not debating
North and South, but East and
West, and East and West the
policy admits of close definition.
It has been a pronounced refusal
to extend our territories beyond
the natural boundaries of the
ocean shores. Tho affirmative
may urge that the islands off tho
coast of Alaska are a refutation
of any fixed national policy. But
those islands together with the
adjacent mainland stand out as a
lone exception to all policy, their
very isolation serving to confirm
rather than to alter policies
applying elsewhere. Even tho
purchase of that territory was as
mysterious as exceptional. It
was not until sometime after the
purchase had been made that its
true history became known. It
was then learned that Alaska was
not acquired for Alaska, but for
the perpetuity of tho Union! As
a recompense for naval aid from
Russia during tho Civil War to
offset the threatened intervention
of England, tho United States
agreed to a payment of $7,000,000.
In order to make the transfer
without exciting tho suspicions
of other powers, Alaska then a
supposedly worthless country,
was taken in return. Such
being the case, from the purchase
of Alaska raj opponents cau
draw no inferences adverse to
what has been stated as the
territorial policy of this govern
ment, that policy being a refusal
to extend our domain beyond the
ocean shores.
On tho east, tho Islands of St.
John & St. Thomas though
negotiated for by Secretary
Seward, were refused by tho
Senate when the treaty camo up
for ratification; bills for the pur
chase of Cuba to us the most
important of all Islands, have in
Congress met defeat; San Do
mingo of which the present
Hawaiian agitation is but a repe
tition has also been rejected. On
tho West, the policy of the
United States in tbo words of
the lato Secretary Blaine, has
been the complement of that in
Atlantic. On several occasions
when the inhabitants themselves
ero willing, and when there
was more to bo feared from
foreign influence than now, the
United States has declined to
either assume a protectorate over
or to annex the islands under
discussion. Thus the govern
ment has established its policy
and thus far maintained it, and
that without tolerating aggres
sions from other nations, upon
the territories in question. We
have not found it neccessanr to
annex every territory in which
we are interested. Bat with a
watchful eye on foreign move
ments we have favored inde
pendence and self government
where-ever these were possible.
Bai tonight, we are asked ip
break the established policy, to
extend our domain to the islasds
of the sea. The chasge of a.
national policy k a grave pro
ceeding. It involves the fate of
the aatkm thai chaages it. The
policy which ay opposeate
I attack k oae which has loag
served this country well and
which I believe may be of use
to us yet.
There is upon the acquisitions
of any people a limit which tho
internal security demands should
not be crossed. It is given to no
nation to inherit the earth. Gov
ernment is a means not an end.
Its only value consits in the bene
fits it is able to offer the governed.
It is not international greatness
to own an empire, but it is
national greatness to govern woll;
to administer justice to all classes
and all communities. No singlo
government can do the work of
two. When national domains
become so vast that justice can
no longer bo mooted out to tho
component parts, those parts
must separate, even as thoy are
now doing in tho British Empire.
Are tho gentlemen overlooking
the warnings of our own national
History? Are thoy unmindful of
the sectional jealousies that havo
existed and still exist in this
Union? Are thoy ignorant of tho
secession tendencies of New
England and of what was once
the West? Havo they forgotten
tho great strngglo still so vivid
in the national mind?
We are a Bepublic. Tho peo
ple of tho town uniting tho
f School district, tho township, tho
country and tho state. Proud of
our National achievements, "but'
why? Becauso they havo pre
served our local rights and in
creased our local opportunities.
Appomatox has not settled all.
The future can never bo settled
by the past. Each generation
must fight anew tho battles of its
peculiar conditions. Tho groat
social questions of a momentous
era aro now pressing upon us.
The- will try the pationco of our
pcoplo and it may be tho security
of our institutions. If tho Union
lasts, it will be because it is tho
interest of tho people to mako
it last Only slavos aro driven.
The bnnd that unites stato with
stto, class with class must be a
real, a living bond.
Yes, theso aro limit beyond
which we dare not go. Those
limits our government has hither
to thought best to establish at tho
shoro lines of tho continent And
against their enlargement by tho
annexation of tho Hawaiian Is
lands or any other islands unless
by the necessity of so If preserva
tion which casn't no w be urged , the
warnings of our history, tho mur
murings of social discontent, the
watchful and jealous spirit of our
people would seem to protest.
But the islands moet bo annex
ed; the land of the Hawaiian,
the American, tho Polynesian,
the Frenchman, the German,
the Portuguese, tho Chinaman
and the Japanese. While X have
admiration .for the astonishing
progress that kingdom has made
from barbarism to a place ia the
family of nations, my admiration
does not go so far as to give her
Motley aad largely ignorant for
eiga elements a place within the
American Bepablic. And it is
useless for the gentlemen to
argue that immigration may be
restricted by the treaty of aaax
(Ceatiaaed cm third yy.)
v - . r".
