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THCP EVENIN'Q DUM.ETIX, HONOMJMJ, T. II., BATUIWAY, DEC. 11, 1903,
AUTHORITY TELLS HOW STATEHOOD WAS WON FOR MONTANA
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Major MariinMaginnisDescrib?8
Territorial bxperiences
And Its Lessons
l for
"Mcinlnii.i'fl Kraiul nlii man,' Mnjoi
Mm llu M.iglnnlH, iiiiu or the iilnnoerR
ut tin- BU'iil wont mill nun tlmu UnltCil
Sink's sK'iinkir, Ih now In llnv.ilt.
Major M;i:-?1miiIm fins li.nl a nried mid
InleioRtlng cnivor ninl oecnploil n
luniiilni'tit place In tliu epoch-making
rnilroml opeintlons of .Inim .1. Illll.
Mnjor MnglnnlK m-rtt'il In the Civil
War with tin- hirst Minnesota regl
incut, Iniineitlntuly after the war. tho
Rohl ihIiiph were discovered In Mon
tana ami tlio district In which thoy I
ucic located was louki'il iiikiii as the
Yukon of that day. It wait soon after
tho illrrovrry of thono tuition thai
Major Mnglmilr nrganl7e; an. Mfdl
lion or ICO nun to crtntK the pliltm on
l'oiH'li.1(.l fiom St. Paul, distant runic
iSoi) mill's, to where the city of Hel
ena now stun l Thoio were no mail
nor Halls, no tlint tliN Intii'plil lcsilor
hud to llnd IiIh way an lies' lie ronld
On arrival at Helena tlio mine wen
Iniiml to lie In lull hl-isl.
Montana lind li"n nm nl7ir aa n
Teiilloiy tun jeais pievlnns to tils
inrlwil I. , In 18'iii Law anil order
I liig'iii-ilntnlned liv a Vgllntipn (Vn
inllleo. l!y tills llni" a icltli'd rnrm
of government hud heen i t ihlMied
M'ry similar to tlio Torilliirlal rorni of,
government nhiili no-.', pievalls In II.i
nail.
For the ni-M rl oim Major Magln
nli as rng.igiM tn mining. ll C!l.lii
HiIh'iI llui -Helena (lucilu the litnl
dally nowppaper inn-Ill of 3-ilt I.,iki
In IS72 he was elcitel as'a relegitu
to C'miKtCFM. Th- linllans we.e vny
I'osllle at that time:
Ilavlim sened on a military eirn
mttee ror muny yems Major .MnglnnU
was lush omental In procuring nppio-
ini.uiuiin iiiiiii I.U-IKM-KH HI lull 111 lorm
CiMler ninl Kcogh which Jor n longj
time were cnnnnmide I hy (lenernl '
Miles one of the till):'! Ii,--uit bo dbfi
of that day, nn.l one well et-vol ,,J
Indian wnifare. Toils I'sin AsHlna
holnc, Mlssonta and llarrlhon weie
nlni eslalilhliinl In such high esteem
w:ih Major M'l'dnnls hold that the
Army named one or Its foils after hlin.
During Hid building of the Northern
I m-lflc rillw.iy. In whleh Major Mil-
Plnnls -was ItiliTCHtvd, the charter for
i .....' ... .. . '
.iiiiH-s .i. in. i in inn ureal isnrtnorn
Hallway was funned by him. He n'wi
drnfled the charter for the Oregon
Shoit Line, under which nearly all of
the late Mr, Hnrrlman'H operations
were canled on. Nor was thla nil. He
I mined and Hioeossfnlly rmrled
through Congress, u general rlght-of-way
hill for nil rallionds to cross the
I nhllc lands. Those, together with
the mining laws nnd geneinl land laws
and the management of Indian nffnlih
constituted his principal work for Con
gress. During all these years, Montana and
other Territories were continually en
ricnvorliig to lie ndmltted ns States.
With the exception ot Colorado, which
wns nilmllted In 1S7 nil these erfoits
proved futile mil fulled to iccolve th"
recognition of CongioKa, In 18811 the
tianiconilue,miI mnn having beeti
liul't and otni""" In process or linlldli-j
n kindlier feei'ni; previlled. so tint
MontPiin. the two Dnkolaf. Utah and
Wnplilimlnn weie aide to gain admis
sion, Since ttien Wyoming nnd Idaho
have been ndmltted, so that all the
mainland Territories me now Stiles
villi tlio oTi'iillcn of Arizona and Vmv
Mexico. Mnjor Magiunls declared that
the government could then turn lis at
tention to Alaska and the Hawaiian
IcU'li n. n he thought our peoole
would mil like to he left out In the
cold.
At tin' tlinn Montana was admitted
William A. Clark and Major Jlaglnnls
wetii olork'd in the Senate, hut, ns
there was a contest over the election
Hie rontorti'i'8 won out nHr n close
Pgh. Oovernor Snillh, however, later
npi'ilnli'il ln.r Mnghmls nn ad In
terlm Fenalor, pending the meeting of
the l.eglilatiirc
Mnjiir Maglnnls lived In Montana
during the nirly days and consemient'
ly knows e--y niuch or the life of a
TeirlloV.v of the United Stales. Pre
vious In his departure for Honolulu he
Wiote mi article ror tliu Anaconda
Stan lard In wlihli he told many of the
exciting Incident!) or Montana life mid
P'lrllcutarlv rcfericd to the peculiar
mid roiunwhat nnxatlsriictnr) ntatiu of
i' Terrllory.
An) tiling til Jt has In do with oilier
Territories Is of course Interesting to
the pooi'Ie of Hawaii mid the article
Is given In full as follows:
That peculiar form of government
for the Inchonlo states of the Amer
ican Union which were ndmltted after
nnd added to the original 13 was call
ed the territorial. It had Its origin In
n clause of the constitution, the mean
ing of which was nrterwnrds much
dliputcd nnd the quarrel over which
finally ended In the gieatcst of wars.
It had Its beginning In the act creat
ing tho Northwest Territory out of the
Int.ds ceded liy the state of Virginia
to tho United States, mid called tho
Ncrthwest Territory, Tho state of
Ohio then was the Northwest, which
extended to the hkus and the Missis
sippi, mid, after tho Louisiana pur
chase, was still further extended be
yond the uninhabitable deserts to the
"shining mountains." as yet unknown
as to their boundaries and topography.
While It was a great Improvement on
other forms of proconsular govern
ment, It wns never considered ns n
finality by tlio American citizens Vim
decupled It n temporary and to be
eudil.e! only iinl'l ruch time a. they
c (Hi hi he ndmltted to the fuii pilvl
Itges vhlch tl.ey enjoved before tbev
stopped liyoml the boundaries of tli
clnti'H which Ihe'r cnteriHso mi' "-vir
ape had canned them to 'etve behind.
Indeed. It was clnlnicd tint It w-is
frt.ni a clause In th" con' mt'in r"'"
Ing to the public landc. but from the
inheteut right of self g-ivonimoiit tiiat
tiny, formed these new coiiiniunltl"s
uml they resented the iipiHilntment of
ron-reslilent ofhchla, governors and
Judges, claiming nlwnyn that among
tboeo who caniB without commissions
mid lor other purposer. than holding
the ollires Ihero were belter men
ILivvever, there -eie many atipllcaut'
and I'm ruccessivo ndmlulstrntloiis
pcciled tho places, to they were g"ii
fruity filled from the outside, which
wan one f the main Biuirces of di
ce titent In tho new oomniiinltles. Fi
n time this il'd not rlRo to great n-i
IHirtlons, for the now tetrltmles fl '
ill rap'dly nnd were admitted wl'l
vrty ilmlted populations. Tlie-e w-"- '
mrl of condition promulgated -it Tr.
that each Incoming Htntn Bhoiild Ii;iv
inouuh people to entitle It to one r"p
ii'Mntntl-i under the ratio alloltol
to tho first congressional db trlcts 11
film. TIiIb was not ing held to and It
Is claimed Hint some of the hlntes were
ndmltted vvlth po'iulatlo'is Mint under
ti sttlrt enumeration would not have
counted more than IBirn or !i0'io. It
wub not long liov.-over befoie some of
tho older states began to grow restive
at having to rlinru their power In the
senalo. The larger Btates complained
ot tho Inequality that an equal vote
Ir. that body gave to these smaller
ctnimiinlties. (
New England's, Attitude.
Sectional Interest: also began to
take alarm. New linglnnd, having
with great foresight ndded to Its orig
inal number of eight senntors fuur
more by errectlng Mnlno out of a cor-'
tier of MnscachiiRetts mid dividing
New Ilnmpshlre and Vermont, while
New Hampshire and Vermont, which
ure together not as targe as one of
our Montana counties, litis steadily
voted by n majority of Its delegations
against the admission or any new stnte
ever since. Nevada wns the ixisrltile
exception, nnd that was n iolltlcal
cteatlon, nJ-cessary to ratlry tho two
lt.st amendments tn the constitution.
The South wns' more liberal until tlio
sluvery conflict began, and after that
tl.e new states, like tho animals In
Noah's nrk, were to be admitted two
l'j two In pairs only o as not to
d.xtuib the bataucn uf power.
The discovery of geld In California
cieiitfil such a ruh an. roir. mil the
piop'e from Ninth mid South nnd'
iverywheie ruhod In hi like n torrent'
li'nt the state vyas admitted almost
befo-e Iho news ol in cieatlon ns n
territory hnd clossed t!i p'alns orj
linveted arounil'the Horn There was.
ti struggle vvhcji Mliuierotu gat In '
The Soutli which ha.l abimloned
"lifty-four, forty or light" thought the'
Notthwet was (growing too inpldlv,
Senator Nelson "who oypored thf ad
trdsslon of Arlziina an.l New Mexico
eould fnrcely have lived In Minnesota
during Hie ecltenient of thine days
nnd held tho opinions which kcciii to
wilt the people thee now though ho
1ms nobly redeemed hlnnelf as a
champion of the West In this List se-
slon of congress. I
After this enme Kpnsns mid Ncbnii;
lia. The cries of popular sovereignty
en the one bnnd nnd the taunt ot niti.it
ter sovereignty on the oilier as to the
l 'ght of the puciplo of the tenltoiles,
to nilnill or exclu le rlavery ro lowed
'nil tlio gro'it bombshell burst nnd
e i'io'I'iI in the tlmne nn.l war of wars.
War for our rights In the terrlto-les,
i.'ild the Smith, War for freed mi in
the tcirltorles. said the North; and In
Hie en! slavery was destroyed and the
Union agiln took up Hi; onward nnrcti.
During tho contllcl all tbe newer ter
illurles were r-cated. Nearly all of
them a' one IIiiip or miothor held vol
I'li'eer pnii'-enilni'Si ndontcd constitu
tions mid applied for nilmlsnion. None
of tlusn inovciuealn ver .rcre.lveil.Uui
sllghtcf.t consideration from congress,
then engaged In the passions of re
construction of tho Union ns It had
been before the fire. Novndn nlone
was enrved out of Utah nnd West Vir
ginia out of the old mother state, and
both undoubtedly to ratify tho four
teen nnd fifteenth amendments with
an unquestlounldo two-thirds ma
jority. It wns not until in eirs nfler Hint
even the question of the ndmlsslon
of nny new stnto enmn up. All the
delegntcs Introduced bills, snniv to ac
cept constitutions voluntarily framed
and adopted In different territories.
and others to form enabling nets. Ar
guments wore ma lo before the terri
torial committees In the house nnd the
sennte; statistics produced nnd dele
gntlons often given a courteous henr
Ing; nnd It tuny have been ssslblo
that mi?Ii bills were reported; but It
Is certain Hint no vote of cither house
was reached on nny one of them.
Then Mr, 'Illnlue, speaker of tho
liouce, agreed with his fr'ends Mr
Chaffee or Colorado and Mr. Klklns
then delegate from Now Mexico, that
ho would Inxlst them to earrv their
states Into the Union before tlio cen
tennial year The bills were Intro
duced and parei' the house vvci. to
tlio senate nnd wro passed there, and
both came back vvlth amendments that
had to be agreed to. It came on the
end of the session and it was evident
that neither could pass except under
Biispenclou of tho rules. The house
was more th tu two-thirds ro uullcun
but the New Knglutid ileleglttous
except that from Maine won! I not fol
low Ulalne In this matter. Klklns mid
ChunYo were both popular delegates:
but Chaffee wns III and lilklns did
most of tho work nnd secured the
promises of enough southern nnd west
ern democrats to make up for tho
eastern defection.
Elklni Was Indiscreet.
A few days ago a man told President
Tail at the dinner in New Mexico that
tho tienty by which New Mexico was
edited expressly provided that New
Mexico should be imiupillatelv ad
mitted ns a state. Mr, Tift's reply
censed the broken treaty by answer
ing that it was Impossible dint New
Mexico ctiouhl pass abend of 15 other
territories mid hn admitted In 1SI8.
(t was thoutrut that Colorado h-id
tho weaker cio nod the vote was
taken on that lirst mid was carried
hv a Fiuull majority. Another question
Intervened when Senator Iturroughs,
then a new member ,of Ihr jhonse?.-
made an extremely hitter Rpeech
against the South. Among those who
congratulated Hie new member wns
Klklns, nnd this so disgruntled his
southern friends that they changed
votes, nnd this defeated his bill, nnd
New Mexico still waits the fulfillment
of the treaty.
The three electoral votes of 'olorn
do made II possible to rnlse Hip ques
tion of Tllden's election, tl lectoinl
controversy, ninl, ns most believe, tho
unjust counting in of Hnyes. Tills
rnlsed still greater antagonism to the
ndmlsslon of new stntes. Tho eastern
hostility to tlio ndmlrslon of now mem
bers and new senators grew In fnvor
and the clamor or their press was
agalast It. Still the territories were
over trying to get In. Their dolo
mites labored hard, their press was In
sistent nnd delegations of citizens con
tinuously appeared before congres
sional committees nnd labored with
their friends. Hut all In vain".
Montana's Efforts.
Montana held a second convention
It framed nn excellent constitution
which was extremely useful In form
Ing n basis for the present Instrument.
Congtess wns quite generous nnd
grunted lands for future universities
and future cnpltols hut nil our bills
tor admission, oven ror enabling acts
weie passed over. The election of
Mr, Cleveland llnaily tempered mid
took the sting out of the Tlldon Mire
less mnong the democrats nnd the
western republicans showed n dispo
sition lo roach out to tho sol. The
Indian questions had been mnstl.v set
tled. Transcontinental roads hud li-on
built or were building, rnd a spl"it of
Jur.tlee began to pevall It Iiti"-1
evident to alt obiervera nbriut Wash
ington that a spirit of willingness to
ml in It a new group of states was grow
ing and would prevail, Tho do'eg.iks
In congress reintroduced Iho old hills
and made foiceful nriuiuoiils bofnre
the committee mid the limine. Our own
delegate, Mr. Toole, mn'e an oxcop
tlntiilllv gnod speech whlsli iittr-icte
the attention or tho country and tho
deleg.ite elect, Mr, Carter worked as
hard as If ho was not slioi-tenln; his
term as delegate, livery .Mont-imn
Indeed every citizen of ll-o West In
Washington Hint winter, used vhnt
inlliienro ho could to win thl ':-"it
prize. The administration was vi'H-"
to vlgnallzo Hb history by cn'irsl'iT
the Union P-"sd"iil Clovelnnd wan
ns favorabi" -s any und .Mr, lhiyard
was ready iinl ardent. There was
some objection to 'the division of Da
kota, but ns It wns soon evident that
they would not coino In together ninl
would hnvo nothing but division that
was Anally settlul.
Tho friends of Montana, I may clnltni
rocurod the friendship and nld of S, .
Cox, mid 1 think that every man whn
was In Washington that winter w(ll
ogieo that this wns tho first gieflt
move In the game His championship
wns powerful and earnest and ovri
entno the reluctance of his own parly
nt all events He had long been Idem
tided with territorial matters. Ills In
terest dated back to the tlmu of Doug
lass. Ho was on tho committee ot
territories when Montana nnd most
of those territories were created, nrfil
he threw himself with enthusiasm
and with nil his Inlliienro and elo
quence into the cnuse of the ndmlsslon
of these live new nt:itu. After tho net
was part eil he came out nnd visited all
the territories mil wns received Willi
gratitude nnd cnthutd-iKin So tlio
i nabllr.g eels were pi'so I approved
by Mr Ilnjnrd mid signed by Presl
Tent Cle-.el.md
Tre Cenvent'on pf 1830.
Tin 'orritoiles hold th'r elections
and their respective c inventions in
fon.lilt'd on the Il)i of JU' US!), lly
the peitiiucltv of Mr. Sprlnaer of Illi
nois a pimlrlnn for tnlr.nrllv repio
kontntlnu wns Included III tlio etulillug
ec.t mil the U!"inlk'rs i.f tho conU'ti
tlou weie elected In iic.-ord.llice Willi
that p'fii. ' NMvlthslHiidlng the dem
ocrats had n fair vnr',:ln ; majority In
the convention when thoy could bo In'
diieed to work tigether. this v.mh sel
dom mnl iiianv vpn led lo siippmt
policies mid pi'ivlslons v. Wc!i went fnr
to wiock their iiscondency In tlio now'
stnto. '
The first list wns on the eloetlon-of-u
ehnlrmnn. William A. Clark of Sil
ver How VtiM elerte I by a good ma
jority and in-id a most excellent null
lininith'l p'-erhllng nfflcr. Tho por
Minnil ot the convention was oxcoilent
and Included in-n-.v of Iho oMo't clll
7on. mntir of the foronnst busbies;
men iul -IocI'ipmi. some of the most
prosperous rpo-cli mis, a 1-irT" number
of the loadln't Invv rs legislators mid
it-itprmen of the lenitorv I recill
Cnrp:iter and Toole from Lewis and
Clark DKon. Knnw'os. Staploton,
I " "old Schmidt and llreen from Sll
"r How Cnrilwell ftnui Jotferijon,
' I nili'iiii nnd Tim Collins from
Cii'cieV Cinrad on 1 llrnwn from
Choto-iu Cooper nnd llui-tolgh fnim
li.islern Montr.ni P.irlti" Troni Meagh-
Centinued on Pap,e 1G,
A Merry Christmas
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For the Man Who Smokes'
You can't give a smoker anything, that will please him quite so much as a choice box of
cigars, a pipe or a box of 50 or 100 cigarettes. Any of the following brands of cigars
will please: '
Van Dyck, Stachelberg, Stanford, . .;,
General Arthur, Robert Burns, and ouj- famous
La Flor de la Isabela Manila Cigars All Sizes
few
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A FINE AGS0RTMENT OF PIPES AND SMOKERS! CONVENIENCES
i
Clioicc Meerschaum, Calabash and BrJarwood Pipes, Artistic Tobacco
Jnrs, Copper Ash Trays, Cigar Humidors in Handssmc Woods, Cigarette
Cases, Tobacco Pouches, Adjustable Floor Ash Trays, etc. '
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$tf irKILlll3, DUtl, tlDll)lft3t Lrt LUlfllTILItblrtL, IIL11KI VLftl, LJIrtlllLL1, ur-
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ti
The House of Staples"
"rti.lM
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f jx JSA . .aa. .
aL... .jm. .-riMy. Bl-t. ttHi
-tofeVanA.-jitjilh 'Jkil'MliMi
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