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EVKNINO nUM-nTIN, HONOLULU, T. II., BATUItDAY, mil. 2G, 1010.
,'E v b NiNG- Bulletin
DAILY nnil WEEKLY Published by BULLETIN PUBLISHING CO., LTD.
At 120 Kinj; Street, Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii.
Daily every day except Sunday. Weekly issued on Tuesday of each week.
MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED TRESS.
iVulluoo K. fctrrlnjfton, - - tHdllor
SUBSCRIPTION RATES PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
UVIIIM.-SCi UUI-I.IM I.N WIlltKLV UUU.I11IN
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CIRCULATION LARGEST OF
in the Territory
Tel.
Editorial Rooms, - loo
fcSujsine
SATURDAY
To be of no church is dangerous. Religion, of which the rewards
arc distant, and which is animated only by lfiith and hope, will guide by
degtccs out of the mind, unless it be invigorated and rcimprcsscd by ex
ternal ordinances, by stated calls to worship, and the salutary influence
of example. Johnson.
a. i Wm
. DUTY OF STATE TO EDUCATE ITS CITIZENS
Tin1 light of the state lo educate upon whlih free ItiHtltiitloiiH depend.
Ih In llilg tountrv almost universally If Cur no other reason, pulille bchools
admitted. That light tests upon no urn nueossir) to Keep nllvc the tra-
tiiisubstiiutlul or tlslnnar) foundu-
llon. It Is Implied In tlio end for
iTtcli men hnvo established govern
mctit. Tl u end of government Is to
accomplish the objects of organized
society. Among tho chief objects
of organized society aio, first, tho ill'
velopniont of the bout powers-Intel-
lcetunl, moial and phjslrul nf the
Individual; mid se -ond, equality of
opportunely l i .be pursuit of whirl-
ever makes lift worth llvlic t'nl-1
vereal eilitfttli u ts tho ono essential
condition under which these objects
maj liu realized.
Without universal education there
cannot be cquallt) of, oppoituulty
for all. To provide, to Insure, unit
to compel universal education Is an
undertaking far bejond the powers
of any imthiirjty short of the stale
itself. As John Stuart Mill argued,
because parents are unablo or unwill
ing to provide tho best education for
their children, or being able and
willing tn provide education, do not
know what the best educallun is the
state limit un Icrtako tho work.
Without universal education, The Icstoiis of recorded history nro
moreover, no government that rests In iiccoidanre with the theory that
upon popular action can long en- the enlightenment of the great body
dure. hero the people are boVcr- of citizens thiough universal edu
elgn, the people must he schooled In catliut Is the solo condition under
tho knowledge and In tho virtues which a lopublle can endure.
4
0.00'?0'000'4.-0..e
J SOME PROBLEMS OB
EDUCATION
(BY I. M.
It Is a mtittoi of observation that
there are In ihu Tcrillory of Hawaii
a verj gY.itlIng number of except
ionally efficient tcacheis. Exception
al iiflleleticy may ho ev lured In cx
(cptlouull) favoiablc environment, or
ns not Infieiiueiitly has happened. It
may bo discovered oi developed by
txieptlnually , untoward circum
stances. Complliated International
relations have developed the gieat
'diplomatist, a crisis In the nlfalis of
n people has piodtici'd the gieat
statesman, hard times and n fight
for exlstemo have compelled an In
dustry Into le-oignnUutiun and new
methods that havo made for it a
great ituio So It may conceivably
he lu Hie niattei of teaching.
If, falling to Mud an explanation
of efficiency clsowhere, ono eIiouIiI
, set out to look for difficulties sufflcl
(iit tn put the teachers on their
mettle, one need not look lu vain
Tho school population of Hawaii litis
been a growing population a verj
uipldly growing ono.
School attendance Is four times as
great now as It was in 1870. This
Is an Increnso of 300 per cent. In
thlit) -three jeaiu.
The number of available teachers
has in all that tlmo and earlier been
fur below the neod. Siilaiies of
teachers have beon nlways Inadequate
: und nt times illstiesslngly low.
ITiicei Unrated (dehors nf ileflclent
Wi fluiillflciitlons havo beon employed In
i31 lnruM tintnliers.
Apiropilutlons of money havo Won
estimated nil tho basis of past 10
qulroinenls rather than of tho grow
ing prcsont or the greater futuro.
J'er capita cost of education has
r been Kept below that of othor pro-
igrcsslvo (ommuultles, below averago
cum in iiiu uiiiieu niuii"), rioivwwi
Btaudlug the fact that in Hawaii the
cost of educating a public school
pupil Is dlsti United uniong ton o
population as against a ratio of a
llttlo less than one In flvo In the
ll'n I led States us n whole,
Stated In other words, though, the
men of Hawaii havo had lesH than
half the burden of public education
than mon elsewhero uio beat lug. yet
'Ji thoy havo not been willing to bear
ovcnunii will uumon ounor capauiy
ANY NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED
of Hawaii.
Office, - Jiott
Cmttrd nt iht itorh tt Hoto1uiu
m nonl la maiitr.
FEBRUARY 20. 1010
illtloii3 of our hlstor) , nro necesary
leaf wo fotgot the glories of York
town am llii'.iKcr Hill, the pilncl
plrs of the Deelnratlun, and the
memo ies of Washington and Lln
co n.
In words of weighty Import, An-
drovv D. White has warned Hie Unlt-
ed Slates of the danger of neglecting
popular education. "A number of
gieat republics, olllcercd .by great
men," he has snld, "have existed In
' tho world. Their history has been
vcr billll.int, and ct, of them nil,
only two remain only two tan hu
rnlil lo have lasted." (Ilo regards
the ropuillc of I'rnnco as still only
nn experiment.) "I nm speaking of
SwiUcikiml and tho United States.
i Those two republics differ ficni all
tho others In only ono particular.
Other tepubllcs hno been deeply re
ligious. Tho republic jjt Florence
was as deeply religious us any com
munity Hut ocr existed. T.hey have
had cveiy irtuo cvopt all cnllght-
ened body of citizens.
Switzerland
have that."
and the rutted States
6
OF HAWAII
4
COX.)
(
sn.nt and Intermittent.
Supeilvlslon In aii) glacial senso
lias not been obtained.
I'rliiclpnls of schools hjivo been
hold down lo an exacting routine of
grade work.
Medical Inspection of pchools has
been Inaderiuatc and Infrequent und
nt times pretty neaily given up.
Public school pupils have for tho
most part been children of very poor
and sometimes of Impiovldont par
ents. Homo Interest lu tho bringing
up of child! en Is deflelont, nutrition
la defeillve, and child labor is in
many eases excessive Tho poverty
of tho homo and tho parsimony of
Uio Stnto lnvo kept equipment of
uliool t Illicit en far below that 10
qulreil for host riuults. School Agent
Cox in i.ddiess to Teachois" Associa
tion. Sin li a list of various handicaps of
Hawaiian hcheols might doubtless ho
gieatly cnlaiged. und wore I nddress
Ing a bod) of citizen voters respons
ible for future policies of govern
ment, bhould bo strongly tempted
to extoinl and amplify a statement
of remediable delectB in our uchool
ndniinistiiitloii jut doubtless btiffl
clont has been said to suggest that
there Is enough of difficulty In tho
situation lo call out all tho latent
energies of the teacher. And as jet
t have not even named that com
mingling of tho inciM In school which
often in tho popular mind has been
tho e.iBy and ever ready explanation
and excuso for over) kind of shoit
(onilng and which lias furnished tho
topic assigned mo for this paper.
An excuso for so long a piouinblo
and a reason for nppioachliiB the
subject ns It woio by tho hack door
i find in n rather common habit or
looso anal) bis and undlscrlnilnntlng
Ktntemont. I'eoplo nbioad hao been
(iiovvn to ascilbo ns cbarnctorbtlc-illv
Ameilcan n quality that was neilinni
on!) a characteristic of tho nouveuu
.Iflio. I mysolf mid )ou may havo
been guilt) of speaking of u Japa
nese characteristic, or Chinese, or
Orlontal cliaiicleilstlc when In fact
we had lu mind- what was simply a
'oollo chnrncloilstlc. it is easy to
coufuso ruio with station lu life, en-
came class of society. 11 Is thus we
confuse (oolie 1th Oitciitnl, dago
with Italian, poverty of environment
with Innntu poverty of null, things
sociological with things biological.
And this distinction becomes a ilal
otic In lonsldeilng educational pol
icies foi It defeils In our school s)s
tem are political or iconorulc or so
ciological, Hay urc to lie classed
among remediable defects, and wo
are thereb) encouraged to bend our
energies to the remedy or to louso
the thought of tho community to
seek a solution. Hut over things bio
logical we hao prcforco less control,
and In fo far as a defect has n bi
ological cnuso wo should bo less
sanguine of finding the remedy.
My belief Is that In this (otnniun
itj the phinso Commingling of tho
Hnces has been worked too hard and
maie lo coor too lnrgo a number of
more or less unrelated things, and
that the iilfncultlos In leaching on ac
count of the mixed races will lesolvo
themselves on analysis into a consid
erable number of other dllllcultlca
with which the race question has
i cally nothing tn do or noxt to
noililng.
I'ndoiiblcdly liomugenousness lies
as u basic principle at the founda
tion of the graded school. Hut Ihc.-o
mo niatij kinds of homogeneity. Liu.
roponn pinctlto tiling nt a homo
geneity of sex grouping boys togeth
er ntid girls together. Our Southern
States have nlmtd at homogeneity of
race, having ono school for negroes
ami a separate school for whites. Ha
waii In its earlier history followed
lluropciiu practice in tho segregation
of the sexes mid tho South In Segre
gation of tho races. It did what tho
South does not. It taught each racial
group tn n different language. Tho
earliest schools vvero for Ilawnllans
only nnd wero taught In tho Hawaii-
nn language Schools taught In ling-
uii him received govcruinc'iu sup-
port about isi,r.. on tlio ndvciit or
n flilllntm ttMtililn t Inn Plilnnnn cnlumli
"X ,'7, i ; . . i . i
wero organized, taught at first In tho
Chinese language, or Chlneio and
llngltsli combined, but later In ling-
llsh nlone. Hut tho Ilngllsh (or so-
called Select) schools, by an entirely
natural process of accretion steadily
grow, ami attendance lu the Hawaii
an sihools ns steadily decreased until
the Hawaiian schools becaino com
pletely absorbed In tho Ilngllsh
schools nnd censed to filst in 1S98.
Tho Chlneso schools coascd to exist
ns distinctly ruco schools tho follow-
lug )ear, nnd tho )cur 1900 ushered
In tho policy uf complcto co-educa-
Hon of tho racoj. it Is worth noting,
ns either logically eonncctcd or Inter-
estlugiy coincident, that lu thiit samo
)car both the Itoyai school nnd Ka-
ulumela school admitted girls to tholr
classes, KaumakapllI Girls' School
was discontinued, und threo )eais
later rnhtikalna Echool ndraltted both
sexes. I'lom IhaP tl:n- the public
school policy and piactlco has been
complete co-cdurutlon of tho sexes
ami complete co-cducntlou of tho
inces.
This policy not only appears to
meet with very general favor but al
to to conform (o accepted principles,
Tho basis of classification generally mogeneous In a senso that will mako In tho l'orum. Mr. Tnlknor was un
exlstlng In American graded schools It possible for such children to work til 1907 Commissioner of Education
has to do with the stago of intellect- together and to mako effective for l'orto Itlro. Porto Ulcan clo
tial development i cached by tho child progress. .mentury bcIiooIs, somewhat unconscl-
ns measured In the enurso of study Logically I might hero rest a con- ously nnd entirely without Intention,
or tho nbjllty of tho child to do tho elusion, but lu Hawaii wo havo to appear to ho passing through tho
net work presented In tho courto.
Clilldien, of whntcver raco, appear
to exhibit the same faculties nnd in-
crests awakening In tho same order,
at approximately tho samo age, nnd
taking tho samo general enurso uf
development. Uncial traits, so far ns
thoy aro ill evidence, will still ho
lets Important than Individual traits.
The spread of characteristics uf any
number of races will not cover so
wide nB the spread of tho chnrncter-
Waterhouse Trust
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KAIMUKI
Half-acre lot well planted in trees,
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dition. On the car line. Price $4750,
. MAKIKI DISTRICT
Story and a half house, modern in
every particular, suitable for small
family a bargain either as a home
or for an investment. Price $3250
Acreafre property in Palolo Valley,
Manoa .Valley and Kaimuki.
FOR RENT
Five-bedroom house on Thurston
avenue. Price $G0.
Waterhouse Trust
A HOME FOR SALE
In Punahou district. One
story house: 2 bedr. ...s; 7
rooms; modern plumbing,
electric lights, gas for cook
ing; large lot; fine lawn
and trees. Price $3250;
cash or tc.
Trent Trust
Why Pay Rent
When You Can
Buy
Real Estate
At These Prices
si.n, cottnRe on wndcr avcnue
mojcrn and up.to-date $3500
Eicht-room. two-storv house on Ka-
. . . . ' .
pioiani street; ckfrant location
' " .
.$4000
SlVtrVntr l.mifln .rt AMnm.M, 4.aa
j, js Qne of tJie j b on
market S37S0
jnajltet ,53750
"'"
THESE PROPERTIES
ARE AIL BARGAINS
BISHOP TRUST COMPANY LTD
lstlcs of nil tho Individuals of any
ono rnio. dlrls nro Intellectually
more Itkq boys than Individual girls
nre like each other. Averago Ainerl-
can children aio moro like nverago
Chinese chlldion than they nio Indl-
vldunlly nllko tho ono to tho other,
It Is thcrefoio tho individuals nnd
not the races or tho sexes thnf will
determine tho farthest reach of nny
group oiganlzed In accordance with
tho graded school print Iplo of class
ification. Your class thus formed of
t)oyb and slrls, Hawaiian. Spanish,
and Chinese, mi long as It is homo
geneous by tho standard of Intellect -
mil development and tho power of
nttark on the next work of tho
course nf 'study, will probably bo ho-
meet tho practical consideration that
the quest Ion of jaco Is very closely
associated with tho question of lan-
guago nnd that a dICoronco of raco
still so ery often almost Implies a
dlffcrenen In tho vernacular. Immi
grant children nnd to somo extent
children brought up In plnntntlnn
camps si III enter school with nimost
no knowledge of IlnglBh nnd a con
bldor.lblo number ot others begin
Mhooi life with n speaking knowledge
Co., Ltd.
TRY THE
WIRELESS
OiHc. inch on Sunday Morning
From S U 10
of English so Imperfect nnd so Incdr
rcct that it Is for school purposes al
most ns good as none. It Is undoubt
edly true that many teachers experi
ence a difficulty In teaching these In
the English language. Probably
this Is especially true of such as be
gin tho work without any previous
txi'trlonco except that of "hear-
nig tno ICBSOn." finch a teacher, in n
"hoolnf children with whom English
.. it.. . -.. .. i n
was tho vernacular nnd where firm
rellanco could bo placed in tho homo's
Interest In tho child s education,
might rnncclvcnbly mako a satlsfac'
tory Bhowlng by the simple method
"( nsslgnlng tasks and holding tho
"( nsslgnlng tasks and holding tho
home responsible for tho accomplish-
"lcl,t "f them, and yet might can-1
"W'cuously fall In a school where
clilldien nsscmblo from homes speak-
'"K nmny different languages, ltls
this sort that has kept current tho
phrnso Multiplicity of Languages as
an explanation of every educational
difficulty even among men who-may
have tli,ed of tho Mingling ijf .tho
Itaces as tho panacea for every 111.
That there Is real difficulty of Ian-
guago In our schools rests securely
on tlio testimony of many tenchi"
hut that this difficulty Is not so scr.-
ous ns Is currently supposed, If only
teachers havo mastered tho art ot.wiong borne:" that even the ltngu
leaching togethor nnd nt tho same
time tho thing lUelf nnd the ex
pression of tho thing, there Is abund
ant ovldenco In our best schools.
1 As erlf)lng this opinion, but from
n widely different point of vlow, I
thnll nuoto a stntemont of Mr. Ho
land I. l'alknor from n recent article
same kind of transformation with re
spect to tho school languago ns haB
taken placo In Hawaii. Hut In Porto
Illco this transformation lias taken
u j s: tt n tt :: n :: :t t: :: ts t: t: tt :: t: t: ts n n n ss st ss :s ss st ss ts
tt , st
tS OBSERVATIONS AND REFLECTIONS AT THE SHANTY. tt
tt
tt (By E. S. Goodhue Holualoa.) Si
tt JS
ts tt st ss ss st n ss ss ss ss ss u ss a ssts tt tt tt tt ss n ss ss ss n ss ss tt ss ss
, My son asked m6 tho other day what Jesus and Lincoln nnd other kind,
n Stag Party mount. I told him that "weak" people.
tho best modem definition wns nrrlv
cd at by adding gcr to tlio original
root, namely, STAG-aniL
Ono ot tho most humorous things I
ever rend wob tho product of jumping
toothache.
It's all In tho way you say It. If
you tell a man ho lied, ho may hit
)ou, but if ) on toll 111 in ho compound
cd nn nlkallno solution of wood ushes,
ho'll not get nugiy until tho noxt
inornliiL'.
suffers by tho
No real character
analysis of history.
Men over fifty ought to bo remind
ed onco In a whllo that thcio Is no
special meilt In gi owing old.
Thank tho I-ord for Dirvvln nnd
GURREY'S
A Guarantee for Good, Careful
Developing and Printing
We use a , OVZ(
Superior Paper - v-'
- - Fort Street near Hotel Street
plaeo w II hN great rapidity. Started
originally ns schools using the Span-'
lsh language exclusively, the high ,
schools early Introduced some In
struction In English In order the bet- '
ler to fit )oung men ntid women de
sirous of Inking normal school or
ptofesslonnl courses In the United
states, there being no opportunity
for such com scs In l'orto Illco. In
lDGIi San Juan tried the experiment
of Introducing Instruction lu Hngllsh
lu grnmmnr gindes. In 1 1)0 4 Ponce,
by a stroke of audacity. Introduced
English In nil grades. In 190Ti seventy-four
schools were taught en
tirely In English, tho municipalities
themselves providing nddltlonnl
funds equal to tho Increased cost of
conducting schools In the English
language. In 190S one hundred and
cixty schools, and 190" three hundred1
and clghty-iiluo out of a total of
GOO graded schools had been conveit
ed Into English schools. Thus In
tho short space of four )enrs ling
llsh became tho dominant school lan
guage of tho Island. Speaking of
this change from Spanish to English
as the bnsls of Instruction Mr. Fulk
ner sa s:
"It was Indeed feared that tho
learning of a now Idiom would put
tho children back a year or moro in
their Etudics, but experience showed
this fear to ho groundless. Tho ef
fort of attention necessary to under
stand tho languago resulted In In
creased concentration on tho subject
matter of Instruction, and pupils ad
vanced normally lu their grades."
N'ot to rest n conclusion In so Im
portant n matter wholly on general
considerations or on Insufficient ob
servation, )our Superintendent of
Public Instruction' Is now making nn
Inquiry Into the nationality, age, and
grado of all pupils In public schools
of tho Territory. This Investigation
has not )ct reached a stage that will
cnnblo ono to speak authoritatively
as to results' in definite terms of mini'
bors nnd percentages. Hut 1 hcllcvo
sufficient data are tabulated to mako
fairly reliable these three conclus
ions: 1. In schools where chttdicn of
ono race progress normally, children
of all races mako normal progress.
-. In schools where children of
onoraco aro ictarded, children of nil
aces show like retardation.
3. Schools composed entirely of
retardation as schools made up of
clilldien of many races.
I am thcrefoio of opinion that
thoso ot our citizens who would
salvo their consciences by ascribing
to the Commingling of tho Ilaccs cv-
cry educational ill from which this
community suffers nro "barking up
tho wrong tree;" that those who pro
lio rotuin to n'pollcy or.segrcgatlon
iiro putting tholr money on tlio
nge difficulty, when other conditions
nro made endurable. Is not so gieat
ns would appear to tho man In the
btrcet; that were tho difficulty great-
cr tliun appears tlio public school on
n non-racial basis would still bo nec
essary to cultivate a broad hiinmil
tarlanlsni and a solidarity of Interest
nnd feeling Hint wll make society
stnblo nnd life livable In tlio tioxt
generation; that, In fine, the policy
ot this Territory In abandoning tho
lace school Is being justified In tho
result; and that the problems ot
race for tho most part become, like
the problems of box, practically neg
ligible factors In olementary educa
tion. Dullness nt tiomo 1b excused by af
fection; in society It w offset by tho
wit of others; In books It may bo laid
nsldo, but in tho pulpit It pours Its In
sipidities upon a helpless and pitiful
congregation which has assembled
with a full knovvledgo of tho penalty.
I know of
mothering,
no nobler work thnn
Moro real thoughts nro worked
Into n darned blocking or n mended
coat than In many a modern book,
and infinitely moro ot that tender
humanity winch warms our neariB
towards tho suffering poor ot tho
world.
1 nm not superstitious, but I havo
wondered If tho great Ameilcan tor
nado might not bo a mob of uuro-
Sir
The REPAIRING of FINE
JEWELRY should not be left
to inexpciienced and incom
potent hands, When your
diamond rinc requires repair
ing, you need the services of
an expert.
Wc are expert jewelry re
pairers of many years' expe
rience. Your work Is safe in
our hands.
H. F. Wichman
& Co.. Ltd.,
LEADING JEWELERS
FORT STREET
FLORAL PARADE
tt it
IS Subscribers to tho l'loral Pa- St
tt n.do fund will please forward SS
SS thclrrcmlttnucos as soon as pos- SS
tt slblo to II. Q. Illlllnghnm nt tho tt
SS II. K. Dillingham & Co.'s office, tt
U i tt
tt tt tt tt tt st st ts ss tt ss tt tt tt tt tt tt
venged ghosts', n roaring, thunder
ing, dust-rnlslt. army ot wrongly
punished disembodiments, taking
butmuary vengeance upon tho living
with as llttlo mercy as mobs show
In Mississippi or Alabama!
The man who sits In his study
and does nothing hut write essays Is
less apt to do harm than tho man
who stands In tho pulpit nnd docs
nothing but preach sermons.
Surely n doslro so sweet and per
sonal as tho desire for Immortality,
a hope so freighted with joy und
comfort to tho mass of liunmn bo
lngt, must be satisfied in somo ade
quate way.
Temper Is like whiskey good to
keep In the bouse, but bad to uso
except In extiemo dilution.
Legally, every man has a right to
ho as mean as tho law allows.
All quarrels are bilateral, and It
we cou'd only carefully oxamlno
both sides, wo might ntteu have
very good friends out of those whom
wo now consider our enemies.
PERRY DAVIS' PAINKILLER
when thoroughly rubbed In rclloves
strains nnd, sprains In joints or nuifclo.i
from any caino. All druggists, 25, S3,
50c sizes. Largo bottles tho cheap
est. "Isn't It cheaper to movo than to
liny rent?" I Inquired ot tho young
married man.
"I supposo It Is," ho replied Willi
a settled air, "but my plan is cheap
er than either; I live with my
father-in-law."
ij
(FjltMlilie.1 1879) X
FOR WHOOPING COUCH, CROUP,
ASTHMA, COUGHS, BRONCHITIS, SORE
THROAT, CATARRH, DIPHTHERIA
Vaporised Cretolen. ilopi lh pnotytmi of
Whoop-iai Cough. Lrrt-drrtdrvl Cioup ctnnot
tml vthere CivtoUn. It uiJ. i tell ducclly
on UM and Ihrotl. miklnff brratkiog etiy In the
cti of colJit loalKft lha tan Ihfott nnd Hop the
cough. It ii m boon to luftcieii (ion Aglhm.
Croaolcn. ( n powcrM germicide, ftclinf both
i cunlive grid picvrnliv4 in conltgiout dueatei
CrcioUno'g Lrit lecororoendiuon U iU iKuly
yean ol lucceiilul vie. .
Far Sila by til DruibU
Sens' Portal far Dacrlp,
five Booklet.
Croaollno Antlacptlc
Thront TnbloU, alniD'e
and aoolhins for lha lr
lilaled Ihioal 10c.
Tie Vapo Crauleaa Co.
180 Fallan Street,
Mew York City.
WifJfM47m i rjyiyfl
180
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