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R: *y ft- ..f* %&, tlt*" j)AIRT AND POULTRY. INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR OUR RURAL READERS. i* Dow Successful Farmers Operate Thla Department of the FarmA Fe Bints as to tb Care of Uv Stock and Poultry. Making Export Cheese. In an address to California dairy men, E. R. Hogeman said: Cheese for export that will stand shipping can b^ made in the following way: Take gOod, sweet milk and heat it to 86 de grees Fahrenheit, have the rennet test at sixty seconds before adding the ren net. Then add rennet enough to coagu late the milk in about thirty minutes, using from two to three ounces ac cording to the strength of rennet, and cutting when firm stir the vat gently at first until the curd firms up. Cook to 100 degrees, then stir vat every fif teen minutes to keep curd in granular shape, till curd has developed one eighth inch acid, when they should be run off, which usually takes from one to one and one-half hours. The curd is then ready to be placed on curd rack and strainer cloth and when mat ted down cut in square blocks and turn over every fifteen minutes. If gas holes form in curd the pieces can be piled two or three deep this will press out the gas and will flatten out the gas holes in the curd. When an inch of acid has developed and the curd shows a meaty texture it is ready to mill. When curd is milled let it fall onto the bottom of vat. If kept on racks after it is cut too much moisture would be lost and cheese would perhaps be dry. Keep the curd stirred till ready to salt, and salt the curd about one-half to three-quarters of an hour after milling, using two'and a half pounds of salt per thousand pounds of milk. Give the salt a chance Jo dissolve well, which also takes from one-half to three-quar ters of an hour, then put to press about 80 degrees. A point of vast importance is to have the cheese well pressed and all of the same size. If tainted milk is used it should be treated somewhat differently from the above, but remem ber that the best cheese cannot be made from sour or tainted milk. A soft, mild cheese, of which a great deal is used in this market, requires absolutely sweet milk without taint. Hea to 88 degrees. Rennet test should be 120 seconds. Set the milk at 88 degrees, using the usual amount of rennet. Cook to 106 to 108 degrees. Cut when firm and run whey off at one-eighth inch acid. Use about two pounds of salt per 1,000 pounds 6f milk. This curd can either be worked in the granular form or with curd mill and put to press at 85 degrees. If pure, sweet milk is not used and is tainted, gas holes will form and the cheese will likely swell up and roll off the shelves. Large and Small Incubators. An incubator of 100 egg capacity is better suited to the needs of the com mon run of breeders.than one of larger 'size, says. National Fancier. An incu bator of this size of the very best make now costs in the neighborhood of ?20. A machine of 200 egg capacity of the same manufacture will cost about $10 more. Therefore a large proportion of small breeders look upon it as economy to buy a machine of the larger size. The small breeder will not always fine it an easy matter to save up 200 eggs of the required freshness for this pur pose, and he will often be tempted to use eggs of an age which are not safe to put in the machine. And if he is offering eggs for sale at the same time it will frequently become necessary to start the machine when only half filled. We are acquainted with breeders who have found it an advantage to keep two or three 100 egg machines and could not be persuaded to exchange one for anything larger than this. Whenever there is a temporary surplus of eggs a machine is always in readiness to ta*.e care of them, and no time is lost in waiting for a larger supply. Many people will this year put off the tjuying of an incubator because they think they cannot quite spare the money for a 200 egg machine, and it looks to them but a waste of money to buy a 100 egg machine at a price which is greatly out of proportion to the capacities of the itwo machines., The incubator is al most a necessity* even to small breed ers, and the majority of these persons will further their interests by not post poning the purchase of a machine be cause they lack the money to buy one of large size. Proper Treatment of Fowls. At the North Carolina Experiment Station they evidently know how to take care of fowls. The following, from bulletin 152, shows their meth ods: The disease experiments were all made, with few exceptions, on fowls U^, Vj, the property of private individuals* and ^*~/%if\-i not on the stock in the poultry section of experiment farm. With the excep tion of several mild cases of roup, which occurred only among the fowls that had for their roosting quarters a large open house, the opportunities for such work has been limited. We have been very fortunate, so far, in avoiding any serious sickness among the fowls 'ere. and might add that we attribute the fact to the following precautions or methods: 1. All grown iowis are watered in strictly clean vessels twice per day In winter and three times in summer '/t*i months, being very careful that in summer all such vessels are placed in \s'\ the shade.- Young fowls are watered .five times daily. r swteiv ^ar is waged 2- Tha on,,, 'vermin- HHt&i continually. 3. That good, wholesome, sound food 1B always given, and at regular hours. 4. That coarse lime, gravel or grit j$dv charcoal are continually before all fowls.'. Oyster shells' are also occasion ally supplied, but we do not, consider the latter an absolute necessity. 6. That all houses are cleaned and floors limed once per /week in winter and two and three times in summer. 6. That no food is left lying around to sour, and care is taken to feed only as much as will be eaten promptly. 7. That all fowl-houses have perfect ly tight roofs, and the north, east and west sides are closed so as avoid draughts. Fronts are covered with wire netting. The reader will notice that all rem edies applied are simpleonly such as are in the household of almost every family and on all farms. While there are many patented articles that are prepared especially to effect the desir ed cures, many of them cannot be had in case of an emergency therefore, if such articles figured in the diseases treated at the experiment station many valuable fowls owned by readers of station publications would succumb be fore the article could be ordered, if the owner even desired same. The matter of treating diseases in fowls is one much discussed in the poultry papers, but from personal ob servations will say that unless the fowl first attacked is a valuable one, the hatchet will be of more service to you than the fowl when cured, as the chances of spreading the disease among other fowls and the time de voted to effect the cure, will, in nine out of ten cases, be worth more than tho fowl. Follow above measures, as in vogue at the station and sickness among the flocks will be a rare occur rence. Dairying on Cheap Lands. During the last few years dairying on the cheap lands of the, West has received unusual stimulation. The in centive was the necessity of making money on something besides the grain crops, the price for which was so low that no margin of profit remained. Whether the movement toward dairy ing will continue with better condi tions for the grain raiser remains to be seen. Certainly the philosophy of the situation would seem to command that dairying be continued on. the cheap lands, especially where the prod ucts are so far from market that the cost of transportation is great. Great cost of carriage demands the manu facture of high-priced products, that the relative charge of getting to mar ket may be lessened. Thus, if grain sells at one cent a pound and butter for twenty there is manifestly more saving of expense in sending butter to market than in sending grain. This is a factor with which the eastern dairyman must reckon. Under ordi nary conditions the farmer on cheap land can produce butter at far less priced land. It may be also that the railroads running into the country of cheap lands will find it to their in terests to encourage dairying rather than to discourage it, for they will in the end make more money out of their business. It is true, they will lose oh the lessened volume of grain sent to market, but they will gain on the larger transportation of goods that will be purchased by the farmer, and they will also gain in.their passenger traffic. If the farmer makes more money his family can afford to travel more and will take advantage of their ability to do so. The value of the cost than can the farmer on high lands owned by the railroads will also be increased and this will be no small factor in their prosperity. But the Eastern dairyman need have no fear of an immediate demoralization of his market, for tbe cheap lands are so poorly supplied with railroad facili ties that a very large area will not find profitable dairying possible. It will succeed only along the great main lines of road, by means of which the butter can easily and quickly be sent to market. By the time the whole area is opened up to this industry the population of .ne country will so far have increased that the demand will be far beyond our present capacity to supply. ^--,V^'-" The Bone Cutter.The bone cutter is as necessary to the poultryman as his feed "mill. It enables him to use an excellent and cheap food, and gives him a profit where he might otherwise be compelled to suffer a loss. It is claimed that a bone cutter pays for it self in eggs, and really costs nothing. Bones are how one of the staple arti cles of food for poultry, and no ration should have them omitted. They are food, grit and lime, all combined in one, and the hens will leave all other foods to receive the cut bone. If cut fine, even chicks and ducklings will relish such excellent food, while tur keys grow rapidly on it. To meet with success requires the use of the best ma terials, and green bone beats all other substances as food for poultry.Poul try Keeper. Feed for Buff Cochins.-The Buff Cochins, being large fowls, cannot be expected to forage over a half section of land, like the smaller breeds. Still tuey are good foragers if given a chance. Lack of exercise causes the Buff Cochins to lake on fat more read ily than the ever alert smaller breeds. The same ration that will keep the smaller breeds in prime condition will cause Buff Cochins to get excessively fat. Thud, corn may be a cheaper feed in some one respect, but as an exclu sive food it will not make Buff Cochins lay eggs.Ex. Here and there we find 'ttie remains of good orchards, the trees of which have deteriorated from lack of care. The fruit itself seems to have under gone a change in quality? The grass and, weeds 4ave taken all&C, The conservation of moisture In tue tsoil is of great importance to the raiser of all kinds of fruit, as It re One bf theMost Barbarous Tribes of the FaraEasuf^ Thef Customs and ysjJtj A glance over the map, of China will ihow a triangular area in the south western corner of the great province of Yunnan, lying between the headwat ers of the Mekong and Irawaddy riv ers. For nearly a century this region has possessed a singular fascination for explorers and ethnologists/0 ,j It might well be admired for the glorious diversified prospects afforded by itsmany immense mountain ranges and sub tropical plains, even though it were uninhabited, but it owes a great deal of the power which it exercises over the imagination to the fact that in It dwells one of the strangest races of the world. Hundreds of travelers have sought to penetrate its jealously guarded natural barriers few have ever succeeded in the attempt, owing, it is said, to the ungovernable hostili ty of its inhabitants to outside intru* sion.^/jThese strange beings are de scendants of the aborigines of Burmah and northern Siam, and are called Mossos, which in the Tun-nan dialect means the "unknown ones." During my exploration in Central Asia and Thibet the route of my jour ney for several hundred miles lay through their country, presenting that opportunity so eagerly sought by trav elers of studying this strange race in their home life. For several weeks we had been toiling over rugged moun tain steeps and barren plateaus, when poceeding still further toward the in terior the almost Arctic coldness of the high altitudes gave way to a more equable temperature, and we were 'soon traversing a primeval jungle, in habited by elephants, leopards, bears, buffaloes and innumerable smaller an imals, and with a teeming, insect and reptile life. Ban Into a Nursery. Our first meeting with the Mossos presented many ludicrous features. We were Cutting our way through the al most impenetrable canebrake, when our cars were assailed with a concourse of squalls and yells'ipwhich echoed through the still jungle in a weird, al most supernatural tone. In this for bidding wilderness we had not looked for human habitations, so hastily ar ranging ourselves in position, we pre pared ourselves for what seemed an inevitable hostile attack. Long and anxiously we awaited the onslaught ot our supposed hidden assailants, when again the peace disturbing sound echoed almost, it seamed, over our very heads. Glancing upward, the mystery was soon explained, for in the lower branches of the trees we could descry numerous small bundles, too large for an eyrie and too small for a windfall. Our Kiangsi escort, with their superstitious natures roused by these ghostlike sounds, visibly pal ed beneath their dusky skins, and gaz ed furtively around In order to seek means.of escape from this enchanted spot/% Even Burton and I were not a littll" puzzled, and awed, until, peering more closely, we became aware of the fact that the disturbing elements which had caused us so much concern were caused by our having stumbled WM s't the weird and ghostlike sounds pro ceeded from several hungry and lusty lunged infants. Then the solemn still ness was broken by our hearty laugh ter, while the Kiangsis, as if to make amends for their credulous fears, made the woods ring with their forced guf faws. The Mossos, we eventually learned, as is a common practice with tropical tribes, place their chil dren in skin cradles and hang these from the trees in forests snear to their village, for two reasons the first, from a belief that they will be instructed by the deities, and, secondly, that their full existence may not be endangered by the abominable filth and squalor of the settled regions. Several times in the day they are visited by their moth ers, who provide them with food and remain with them at night, and in the forest home the child stays until it is three or four years old, and has grown strong, and healthy enough to stand the rigors of hardship and disease/y. Reached the Tillage. With these2 unmistakable evidences of the country- being populated, we pushed on for half an hour longer, when curls of smoke issued from among amass of vine-clad rocks, and in response to^our shouts several dusky heads peered at us curiously through the dense underbrush, then suddenly disappeared, and in a moment more we were the center of a group of the most repulsive and wild human creatures that one could imagine. In spite of our most, friendly endeavors they MOSSOS BEFORE THE WITCH TEMPLE. spectacle of gazing upon white men JJRSff ^rB^lrF^^^ was doubtless an innovation to which Mbj^M^ffi they had never been treated, forn ifp-s W^W^if alteraati've offered itself. .",v/ seemed to misinterpret our intentions until we had conquered their morose ness by small presents to those who seemed to be the head men. With the ice broken we found that in spite of their uncouth natures they were kind and hospitable, and we had soon form ed with them a pact of good will. The In^jifiK&p tfi^ftiHSi BYSo%aiW!HrdlW crowding round with inquisitive stares cWflfifflfiS? -tflSoTOWWiHo^ t$he3$ Kiv) ra For several months mmin^M^ episode we traveled through jjjijte try of the Mossos, and,Vjprqpaire^ find them hostile f-J'-''-**-'-"* was an agreeable ,f0H ma *,.o ai hostility which wel had ibeeqrapggispg was the worst(Side.uif *tteh,i,nathyj5ifliii,,cj #'*'fce8,cnViii''-6!r'tf'hefc'&tftftf Like ni'. have numoe'rTe'si their belie*,0 I Wll nH IjS^SLSSSSmSmk "JSP he wit god' Pl ease preme alone over the entire coun tr yflt!Tane su beauty and womanly traits, proposed that she should return with him to bis home in the sun. She agreed, provided her father should give his consent. The old man was so infur iated at the request that he immedi ately seized his weapons and attacked the youth, and would surely have kill ed him but that a mysterious shaft launched from the skies saved the lat ter's life The chief's daughter and the sun god were then married and the Mossos still hold to the belief that they are descended from this superna tural union. Pride in their ancestry, however, has no appreciable effect on their own natures, for it would be a manifest impossibility to imagine a race of people more degraded. Physically they are a fine race,males and females in few cases being under six feet in height, and proportionately well built and exceedingly strong and muscular, gained from their active out-of-door life and constant exposure to hardship. Their color is a light brown, while in both sexes greasy plaits of sun-scorched hair hang down the back almost to the waist. A sin gular trait among them is a fascina tion, almost amounting to a mania, for personal adornment. The men are tattooed from head to foot with gro tesque designs, which in many cases Obliterate all trace of the original col or of the skin, while heavy iron rings and metal ornaments are worn about the ankles, wrists and neck by both 'men and women. Their Two Clans. The Mossos are divided into two gen eral divisions, the mountain and vil lage clans. The mountain Mossos take up their abode in the high plateaus, avoiding all contact with the lowland ers, and making war upon them when prompted by hunger. Owing to their generally improvident natures and the sterility of the country in which they are domiciled, disastrous famines are of frequent occurrence. In a meas ure they seem to partake of the rugged uncouthness of their surroundings 1 they sought to quench their ung6VrCo^^kP$fefW%^ Ms^ife and ernable curiosity as to whether we^W^SKW%) &dfc$I%iM$S'M rej^^ were inhabitants of another worlds *&mm 4Sfmm"A/ fl^HWfefi?Q$etMftet[f.#hefcfienest atia $imefseji*e ov the feeling of our hands and stickingfttHeTrs tfTOffcutaT W^^ifiSP^i^&i^ni ^nln^ar pj^^u^ Stqi^vaed-eezey greasy fingers in our faces, whicfi^ teresting operation we borei^^R^^s^^Wi^-fftWioW^lliw $$&<} j}i9vii)!s'ii^^^^^^fiiifKe%ttd3yhiz^^nkis oi passive humility, seeing that nd^tliif^*^*6*^3 8 ivi *h^:^"*n^-J!KHfi'a*llrtdtiwlr mislnesteda?lon|akea ffa tinpil^ ifrPKFh^n^F^ 1 i !K, worshiped, to whom sacrifices of meat and "grain and made several times a yearJ|fThese perennially hungry spir its are' likewise consulted on every question touching the general weal and woe, the intermediaries, to their favor being a race of monks of the most fanatical nature, who wander through1.., the country much like the dervishes of India practicing the most horrible self-torture. Outside their religious^ offices they have little hold upon the^w people, whose stunted' intelligence seems incapable of recognizing any*^ government or official restraint that^f^ will interfere with the personal rightaJ3^' and desires of the individual. rf&Wk Few Ceremonial Bights. "-:*$? Unlike most savage races, they A Consoling: '^felf ovriivioufatijebsi to^fttit somj^of polit- Wtihn$g$tetiMsl&omittw 4"m 6Ver^l*-ma^ie^ekit oH m\ i fc'*W^IP WJ lcMshuh !!W^ B&ifiP&J|seed she fi^e1Sc3l^^- UiwiM|aA^,5 havew'^_.J'^**rcus-/t few ceremonial rites or curious toms. Marriage is settled by buying?' the girl from her father, while in the case of birth or death there is nc* ac---*- companying ceremony in fact, they seem possessed of no higher order of intelligence than that of simply ex isting. They have no idea of time or distanceno name for hours, days, or ._. years, no amusements and without even the faintest knowledge of medi cine. When^, member of a tribe con tracts a serious illness he is driven from the village to which he belongs, and is allowed to wander in the jun gle, subsisting as he is able, until death relieves his sufferings. It Is not strange, therefore, that disease causes frightful inroads, and unless conditions change it seems probable that a few years will see their absolute extinction. The greatest obstacle to travel in* their country and an effort to learn something concerning them is the ab solute impossibility of mastering their language, which is confined more to various signs with the fingers and other parts of the body than expres sions in word of mouth, reducing the traveler to the necessity of mastering the meaning of innumerable signs, grimaces and guttural sounds. The weapons of the mountain and lowland Mossos are rudely made bows five or six feet long their arrows are hardened at one end by being covered with a thin covering of clay, drawn to a fine point and baked in the fire, with which they are far from skillful, the animals which they secure for their subsistence being caught in huge pit falls dug in the jungle, and whjich are constant menaces to the traveler who seeks to pass through their country. Owing to their lack of knowledge of the most minor character: concerning their country it is impossible ~o esti mate their exact number^biji it is probably in the neighbprhoq^.of 5,00ft or 6,000. WILLIAM JAMESOu7,rj|EID_^N.^:", Thbafftfe:?? The Bishop of Wakefieldwas once consoling an east end cOstetmonger for the loss of his little son. -^Kie poor fellow was rocking to and fro' in his distress. He suddenly looke4-at the bishop, and^with tears running down his cheeks, said: ^:-'D'y^stuff get the young1 don Daily News. 0 QM E-N ADE PHILOS6'PH Y. 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