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Work. TT i&Ci &" r^SX vSS^^TW? If you hat ought that's to sell, Use printer's ink, and use it wen. VOL. 33. No. 3) A RAILROAD ARMY Will Build Up Lines of Traffic In France.* NINE REGIMENTS CALLED. They Will Be Part of Regular Force, and at Head of Each Regiment as Colonel Will Be Engineer Officer of ArmyConstruction Will Be Main New York.Need for expert railroad XLCta tn roriair tiu 1TT^ in JTiwuxoa la so pressing that an urgent call has been sent out by the railroads war board to the various roads of the country for assistance in organizing nine regiments of railroad men to go at once to France. They will be a part of the regular army, and at the head of each regiment as colonel will be an engineer officer of the army. The plans of the board call for five construction regiments, one shop or re pair regiment and three operating regi ments. Construction will be the main work of the men sent over, but the re pair and operating needs are hardly less immediate. A notice sent out by the railroads war board says: "The French railways are badly run down. They need more or less complete rehabilitation. France has no men who can be spared for this work. She wants all her men at the front. Before we can train men to go into the trenches-we can supply France's railroad wants, and we can do it practically immedi ately. Any men we send over must be soldiers, so it will be necessary for the railroad forces to enter the army. "We propose to make up five con struction regiments of six companies Neach to do this rehabilitation. Each regiment will have an engineer officer of the United States army as colonel and another officer from the army as an adjutant. The other officers will be made up of railroad men, except that the commissary will be provided by the United States army. Each lieuten ant colonel will be a chief engineer of a railroad or some one else of similar experience. The captains will be taken from the engineers of maintenance of way, the lieutenants from supervisors or road masters and the noncommis sioned officers from track and bridge foremen. The privates will be track laborers. "The pressing need just now Is for officers for these regiments. They will require five chief engineers, thirty en gineers of maintenance of way, ninety supervisors or road masters, sixty track foremen and thirty bridge foremen. Each company will have 150 track la borers and fourteen bridge carpenters as privates. "The next important requirement of the French railways is for shop forces. They are short of men to repair their locomotives. It is proposed to organize a shop regiment, to be made up the same way as the construction regi ments, except that the lieutenant colo nel will be a superintendent of motive power, the captains will be master me chanics, the lieutenants will be shop foremen and the noncommissioned offi cers gang foremen. The rest of the company will be made up of boiler makers, machinists, blacksmiths and their helpers." TOY GUNS POPULAR. Modeled After Anti-aircraft Weapons Used by Zeppelins. Washington.Teddy bears and mini ature anti-aircraft guns are by far the most popular toys in Great Britain, says Consul Wilson in a report from London to the United States bureau of foreign and domestic commerce. Ted dy bears have always been more or less popular, but recent events seem to have created a greatly increased de mand for this toy. The toy guns are modeled after the anti-aircraft guns which were brought into prominence by the visits of the Zeppelins. Toys that find the most ready sale are those of a military character. NEW FORM OF "CON" GAME. Two Inches of Butter Spread on Sand Sold to Chicago Consumers. Chicago, 111.A new form of confi dence game has been practised with success here during the last few days. Several storekeepers and hospitals have reported to the police that they have purchased from agents tubs purport ing to contain sixty pounds of butter, but have found when cutting into the tubs that the butter extended but one or two inches from- the surface and. that the" rest of their purchase was sand. The tubs were sold for as high as $19.50, making the price of the butter \n the neighborhood of $4 a pound. FAVORS DAYLIGHT SAVING. President, However, In Doubt a* te Necessary Legislation. Washington. President Wilson ex pressed his approval of the daylight saving plan to a delegation headed by Representative Borland of Missouri and Marcus Marks of New York, presi dent of the National Daylight Saving association. The president told them the only question in his mind about legislation to carry it into, operation was whether congress leaders would look upon it as war legislation, to which they have tacitly agreed to limit the session's ac tivities: The subject will be taken up with the leaders. EM }*&.* THIEVES IN CONVENTION DEMAND REFORM AID They Seek a Chance to Turn Over a New Leaf In Russia. Petrograd. A mass meeting of thieves was recently held at Rostoff on-the-Don to demand a share in the new freedom and a chance to turn over a new leaf. The chief of the local mi litia and the president and several members of the Council of Workmen's and Soldiers' Deputies were present on invitation. Practically all brenches of the pro fession of thievery were represented, and several of the most accomplished members made speeches in which they outlined the difficulties' cWffonting them and declared that it was impossi ble to return to honest pursuits with out the help and support of the com munity. The speakers complained that recently the population had risen against them and in some instances went so far as to lynch some of their brothers. Chief of Militia Ralmikoff asked for help and support by the people in aid ing the efforts of the thieves at refor mation. One of the bystanders com plained that he had been relieved of his purse containing 6 rubles. The thieves roundly protested that it was not the work of a professional and took up a collection to reimburse the victim. WOMAN PLAYED HEROIG PART IN THE CIVIL WAR Gave Husband and, Sons and While They Were Away Dili- gently Cultivated Plantation. Charleston, S. CDuring the first days of that most lamentable conflict that we now know as the civil war a little woman in this state gave her husband and their four grown sons to fight for the cause that to her seemed just. She was not belligerent she was brave. A few years later a neighbor brought her word that* all but the youngest boy had been killed, says Hapsburg Liebe of the Vigilantes. "You shouldn't have sent them all," said this neighbor. "You should have kept two of those boys at home." "If I had a dozen to send I would have sent them," the little woman re plied very readily, very calmly. "And I know that my men went down in their boots, doing distinguished service. You see, I know my men." At the end of the war the youngest boy returned. He was a captain, and SPRING DIET RIVALS 2EPPS. Substitute For Spinach Kills One, In jures Several. London.England is badly in need of green spring foods, and all kinds of suggestions have been made, some of which have had disastrous results. One enterprising discoverer wrote to the newspapers the other day that rhubarb leaves, thoroughly boiled, made an ex cellent substitute for -spinach. A coroner's inquest was held over the body of a man who sampled the sub stitute. Another victim was a preacher, whose family is seriously ill. Similar cases are reported from all parts of the country. READJUSTS NOAH'S ARK. Little English Girl Moved by One Leg ged British Officer. London.A small English girl was introduced at tea to an oflicer who had lost a leg in action. After observing him carefully and thoughtfully she went to her nursery and, returning wit"h her Noah's ark, dumped the me nagerie on the floor and proceeded to break one leg off each animal When she was asked why she did It the little girl replied: "Legs are awful ly useless things. The animals all have one too many." $S3$SgSSJ3S$SS$8S BIG RUSH TO AVOID RAISE IN HAIR CUTS Greensburg, Pa.A recent Mon day held the record for hair cuts in Greensburg. On wash day 3,000 men went to the barbers and told them to cut their hair not a captain merely by courtesy. As he rode through the old plantation he sort of a clinic for professors to prac saw to his intense surprise that it was tice theories upon. The poor brutes in a fair state of cultivation and that foodstuffs had taken the place of cot ton. He had expected to find those broad acres filled with weeds and bri ars. As soon as he had proudly greet ed his mother and been in turn proudly greeted by her, he spoke of this. "That was my part," she told him. "You couldn't fight without having something to eat, could you?" It was then that he noted the marks of toil on her hands, and he knew that the faithful old negroes had not done all the hard work. He brought his heels together in the military fashion and lifted his hand to the rim of his hat. "Mother," he said, not very steadily, "I salute you, the greatest soldier of us all!" according to certain styles. This rush came through the fact that $ the barbers raised the price for a S hair cut to 35 cents and Monday $ tfle was the last day for the quarter .Minnesota Historical Society TERMS USED IN FEEDING Scientific Nomenclature Reduced Every-Day Meanings. [National Crop Imp in-w in Service to Stockiood consists briefly of three chief parts or compounds, omitting the water and minerals. They are: Protein (containing nitrogen), a muscle former. Fat (not containing nitrogen), a fuel or fattening substance. Carbohydrates (meaning made At carbon, hydrogen and oxygen). These three substances are called organic matter, beeause they will burn. Mineral matter is called inorganic. An animal can live on protein alone, but would not under normal condi tions, because protein (or albumen) is only found-mixed with fat in the case of meat and with fat and carbo hydrates in the case of plants and cereals. Familiar examples of pro tein are white of egg, lean meat and the gluten which can be chewed out of wheat. Fat or oil we all know. Carbohydrates include sugar, starch, cellulose, fibre, gums, etc. To keep alive and not lose weight an animal must have small amounts of protein and larger amounts of fat or carbohydrates. They serve ,as building material to replace worn-out tissue and flesh and also to furnish power (energy) to move, work, and do all the inside work of the body. The ash or mineral matter fur nishes bone material and is also nec essary but abundant in nature. A growing animal needs plenty of pro tein and ash (bone food) and of car bohydrates and fat. A grown-up ani mal needs less of either the first two, but plenty of the last two. A preg nant animal needs plenty of food for its unborn young. BUYING FEED INGREDIENTS Difficult to Buy Proper Feed Staffs at Random. [National Crop improvement Service There are not a dozen feed stores in the-country that carry in stock all the ingredients of a first-class mixed feed at all times and at reasonable prices, and usually they do not carry feeds of the same high quality used by the mixers who work scientifically through a laboratory. This is human nature. Competition compels a dealer to sell the cheapest quality. The best quality of feed is seldom carried, be cause the average buyer will not pay the highest price. A good many ex periment stations in a general way will aavocare tta.t a farmer mix all hi*own feed, but tfiey^e*n^nW!^ett*es"^ia the rest of us and they will use recog nized brands in their own feeding operations rather than go to the trou ble and take the time to follow their own advice. There are a good many herds at experiment stations which are kept as are used a good deal as guinea pigs in hospital practice. On the other hand, at the experiment stations are to be found many of the finest ani mals ever bred. The mixed feeds of the first grade can be fed alone or in connection with home-grown corn, oats or barley. To do this widens your ration, and it is correct to do so if it will reduce your cost of feeding. Mixed feeds, there fore, are largely a matter of arith metic. You can usually get the result for less money than by -feeding more ex pensive grains separately. THE MANURIAL INGREDIENTS OF FEEDS. [National Crop Improvement Service Nitrogen is the most important and most valuable fertilizing element sup plied by feeds, and it is in this ele ment that they show the greatest variation. The Connecticut Experiment Sta tion states that it was found that the average mixed fertilizer contained 2 95 per cent nitrogen and showed in a table that eighteen of fifty-two dif ferent feeds contained 3.93 per cent. Among this list is cottonseed and lin seed meals, gluten seed, middlings, brewers' and distillers' products, and a few of the feed mixtures. It is ob vious, therefore, that a wise selection of feeds enhances the value of the manure and consequently plays an important part in farm economy. BARLEY PRODUCTS. [National Crop Improvement Service Prof. J. P. Street, in the Annual Report of the Connecticut Agricul- turalS Stationshould for 1912, says: "Tha Drout mal siderati receive more con-t on from dairymen, especially comparison with many of the pro- prietary mixed feeds containing only from one-third to one-half as much protein as malt sprouts, prices being considered." He also states that dried brewers' grains, prices considered, in connec tion with the feed's high analysis, is one of till cheapest high-grade feeds on the market. WHAT'S IN A MIXED FEED? [National Crop Improvement Service A high-grade mixed feed suitable for any kind or breed of dairy cow should have high protein content, with an exact digestible analysis. It can be mixed with corn, oats, barley, hay or other forage, which should be grown uponl the too $8$^^^&<8$4f$** roughage can be supplied a\ home. Defective Page farm,e providerd wou mIxtur 8 the ingredients of save th farme any a rule th highest grades are corn, distillers' rain8 8 rate. It is estimated that $750 nomlny meal, malt sprouts, brewers' 8 was paid for hair clipping, with $ &****> linseed meal, pure wheat bran S a total of $300 saved to the ultt- *rten feed, cottonseed meal, grades contain no De8 ftnd Tn 8 mate cuttees. oheap fillers of kind and the *s highlyany concentratedso and *#%^$te t'^^jes THE APPEAL ST. PAUL Am MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.. SATURDAY: AUGUST 4, 1917 "sog*lc*L HOW SHALL WE PAYFORTHE WAR? A Constructive Criticism on the House Revenue Bill. LOANS BETTER THAN TAXES Five Reasons Why Excessive Taxes .at the Outset of War Axe Disadvantage- ousGreat Britain Example Worthy of EmulationHow the Taxes Should Be Apportioned. By EDWIN R. A. SELIGMAN, McVickar Professor of Political Econ omy. Columbia University. On May 23, 1917, the House of Rep resentatives passed an act "to provide revenue to defray war expenses and for other purposes." In the original bill as presented by the Committee of Ways and Means, the additional reve nue to be derived was estimated at $1,- 810,420,000. The amendment to the in come tax, which was tacked on to the bill during the discussion in the House, was expected to yield another $40,000,- 000 or $50,000,000. In discussing the Heuse bill, two problems arise: i*P I. How much should be raised by taxation? II. In what manner should this sum be raised? I. How Much ShOld Be Raised by Taxation? How was the figure of $1,800,000,000 arrived at? The answer is simple. When the Secretary of the Treasury came to estimate the additional war expenses for the year 1917-1|, he calculated that they would amoii It to some $6,600,- 000,000, of which 3,000.000,000 was to be allotted to the allies, and $3,600,- 000,000 was to bef utilized for the do mestic purposes.: Thinking that it would be a fair proposition to divide this latter sum jBStween loans and taxes, he concluded that the amount to be raised by taxes was $1,800,000.- 000. There are two extrenje theories, each of which may be dismissed with scant courtesy. The on? is that all war ex penditures should defrayed by loans, and the other ia tfiat fhl war expendi- taxes Each theory is untenable. It is indeed true that the burdens of the war should be borne by the pres ent rather than the future generation but this does not mean that they should be borne by this year's taxation. Meeting all war expenses by taxation makes the taxpayers in one or two years bear the burden of benefits that ought to be distributed at least over a decade within the same generation. In the second place, wtien expendi tures approach the gigantic sums of present-day warfare, the tax-only pol icy would require more than the total surplus of social income. Were this absolutely necessary, the ensuing hav oc in the economic life of the commr' i ty would have to be endured. But where the disasters are so great and at the same time so unnecessary^ the tax-only policy may be declared im practicable. Secretary McAdoo had the right in stinct and highly commendable cour age in deciding that a substantial por tion, at least, of the revenues should be derived from taxation. But when he hit upon the plan of 50-50 per cent., that is, of raising one-half of all do mestic war expenditures by taxes, the question arises whether he did not go too far. The relative proportion of loans to taxes is after all a purely business proposition. Not to rely to a large ex tent on loans at the outset of a war is a, mistake. Disadvantages of Excessive Taxes. The disadvantages of excessive taxes at the outset of the war are as follows: 1. Excessive taxes on consumption will cause popular resentment. 2. Excessive taxes industry will disarrange business, damp enthusiasm and restrict the spirit of enterprise at the very time when the opposite is needed. 3. Excessive taxes on incomes will de plete the surplus available for invest ments and interfere with the placing of the enormous loans which will be neces sary in any event. 4. Excessive taxes on wealth will cause a serious diminution of the in comes which are at present largely drawn upon for the support of educa tional and*- philanthropic enterprises. Moreover, these sources of support would be dried up precisely at the time when the need would be greatest. 5. Excessive taxation at the outset of the war will reduce the elasticity" avail able for the increasing demands that are soon to come. Great Britain's Policy. Take Great Britain as an example During the first year of the war she increased taxes only slightly, in order to keep Industries going at top notch. During the second-year she raised by new taxes only 9 per cent, of her war expenditures. During ,the third year she levied by additional taxes (over and above the pre-war level) only slightly more than 17 per cent, of her Xar expenses. If we should attempt to do as much in the first year of thje war as Great Britain did in the third, year it would suffice to raise by taxation $1,250,000.- 000. If, in order to be absolutely on the safe side, it seemed advisable to increase the sum to $1,500,000,000, this should, in our opinion, be the maxi mum. .,z v- -^i-ia.- war times certain scientific principles are definitely established: How Taxes Should Be Apportioned. (1) The burden of taxes must' be spread as far as possible over the whole community so as to cause each individual to share in the sacrifices ac cording to his ability to pay and ac cording to his share in the Government. (2) Taxes on consumption, which are necessarily borne by the community at large, should be imposed as far as pos sible on articles of quasi-luxury rather than on those of necessity. (3) Excises should be imposed as far as possible upon commodities in u hands of the final consumer rather than upon the articles which serve pri marily as raw material for further production. (4) Taxes upon business should be imposed as far as possible upon net earnings rather than upon gross re ceipts or capital invested. (5) Taxes upon income which will necessarily be severe should be both differentiated and graduated. That is, there should be a distinction between earned and unearned incomes and there should be a higher rate upon the larger incomes. It is essential, however, not to make the income rate so excessive as to lead to evasion, administrative difficulties, or to the more fundamental objections which have been urged above. (6) The excess profits which are due to the war constitute the most obvious and reasonable source of revenue dur ing war times. But the principle upon which these war-profit taxes are laid must be equitable in theory and easily calculable in practice. The Proposed Income Tax. The additional income tax as passed by the House runs up to a rate of 60 per cent. This is a sum unheard of in the history of civilized society. It must be remembered that it was only after the first year of the war that Great Britain increased her income tax to the maximum of 34 per cent., and that even now in the fourth year of the war the income tax does? not exceed 42% per cent. It could easily be shown that a tax with rates on moderate incomes sub stantially less than in Great Britain, and on the larger incomes about as high, would yield only slightly less than the $532,000,000 originally estimated in the House bill. It is to be hoped that the Seuate will reduce the total rate on the highest in comes to 34 per cent, or at most to 40 per cent, and that at the same time it will reduce the rate on the smaller in comes derived from personal or profes sional earnings. If the war continues we shall have to depend more and more upon the in come tax. By imposing excessive rates now we are not only endangering the future, but are inviting all manner of difficulties which even Great Britain has been able to escape. Conclusion. The House bill contains other funda mental defects which may be summed up as follows: (1) It pursues un erroneous principle in imposing retroactive taxes. (2) It selects an unjust and unwork able criterion for the excess-profits tax. (3) It proceeds to an unheard-of height in the income tax. (4) It imposes unwarranted burdens upon the consumption .of the commu nity. (5) It is calculated to throw business into confusion by levying taxes on gross receipts instead of upon commodities. (6) It fails to make a proper use of stamp taxes. (7) It follows an unscientific system in its flat rate on imports. (8) It includes a multiplicity of pet ty and unlucrative taxes, the vexatious ness of which is out of all proportion to the revenue they produce. The fundamental lines on which the House bill should be modified are sum med up herewith: (1) The amount of new taxation should be limited to $1,250,000.000or at the outset to $1,500,000,000. To do more than this would be as unwise as it is unnecessary. To do even this would be to do more than has ever been done by any civilized Govern ment in time of stress. (52) The excess-profits tax based upon a sound system ought to yield about $500,000,000. (3) The income-tax schedule ought to be revised with a lowering of the rates on earned incomes below $10,000, and with an analogous lowering of the rates on the higher incomes, so as not to exceed 34 per cent. A careful cal culation shows that an income tax of this kind would yield some $450,000,- 000 additional. (4) The tax on whisky and tobacco ought to remain approximately as it is. with a yield of about $230,000,000. These three taxes, together with the stamp tax at even the low rate of the House bill, and with an unproved au tomobile tax, will yield over $1,250,- 000,000, which is the amount of money thought desirable. The above program would be in har mony with an approved scientific sys tem. It will do away with almost all of the complaints that are. being urged against the present. It will refrain from taxing the consumption of the poor. It will throw a far heavier burden upon the rich, but will not go to the extremes of confiscation. It will ob viate interference with business and will keep unimpaired the social pro ductivity of the community. It will establish a just balance be tween loans and taxes and will not succumb to the danger of approaching either the tax-only policy or the loan only policy. Above all, it will keep an undisturbed elastic margin, which must be more and more heavily drawn upon as the wai proceeds. In considering the apportionment -u i the extraordinary burden of taxes in TABLES OF DIGESTIBLE NUTRI' ENTS AND ENERGY VALUES Compiled From Henry & Morrison, 1915 Edition, Massachusetts 1911 Annual Report, Pennsylvania Bulletin 114. [National Crop Improvement Service dArmsby Corrections. kKellner. Digestible Total Pro- tein 6.9 6.1 6.3 21.6 Nutri- ment 83.8 78.1 83. 80.7 Kind of Feed Corn Meal (dry) Corn & Cob Meal Hominy Meal.... Gluten Peed.... Gluten Meal.... 31.7 5.8 9.2 14.8 15.7 13.4 12.5 12.9 9.7 9. 14.6 17.1 17.7 22.2 J^jSrH* *.*'*-1 rJ~ M^^Si 80. 73.1 80.1 79.2 78.2 69.3 60.9 67. 70.4 79.4 Wheat Red Dog Flour.. Flour Mid Standard Mid... Wheat Bran.... Wheat Mix. Feed Oats Barley Malt Sprouts.... Brewers' Grains. Buckwheat Buckwheat Mid.. Cottonseed Meal. Cottonseed Hulls Linseed Oil Meal Beet Pulpdried Corn Dist. Grains Rye Rye Dist. Grains. CORN Fod., med. dry. Fodder, wet.... Stover, med. dry Stover, wet.... In business, fortunes are not realized Unless your goods are amply advertised. Therms Energy d76.6 d65.2 d87.6 (k68.2 73. 74.9 82.6 77.6 57.6 d52.5 66 2 (k72.6 80.7 46.3 60. 20.3 70.6 63.6 63.4 76.6 75.6 37. 77.9 71.6 67.6 81. 48.1 al8.7 8.1 24.6 33.9 .3 30.2 4.6 16.2 9.9 8.4 75.9 73.7 15. 78.9 60. 57.5 43.2 FODDER 3.1 2.2 2.1 1.4 53.7 39.9 46.1 33.9 d30.5 24. 32.5 24.18 HAYS Timothy Hay... Alfalfa Red Clover.... Clov.& Tim.,Mxd. GREEN Alfalfa Red Clover.... Mixed Hay Timothy 3. 48.5 51.6 50.9 46.2 d41.9 d30.4 d39.93 40.6 10.6 7.6 4. GRASSES 3. 2.7 2 2 1 5 12.45 16.17 19.08 ROOTS AND SILAGE Sugar Beet Potatoes 1.2 1.1 1. 8 1.1 14. 17.1 9.4 7.4 17.7 kl6.9 18.05 8. 4.62 16.56 STRAW SHOULD BE SPREAD. [National Crop Improvement Service The feeding value of straw being comparatively low, and the fertilizing value being high, all straw should be spread Upon the fields and not burned or wasted. The use of straw to pre vent winter-killing of wheat is now well established. THE DAIRY RATION Feeding Tables Hard to Follow on Account of Variation of Ingredients. [National Crop Improvement Service For many years feeders have en deavored to use so-called standard tables showing the theoretical num ber of pounds each of so-called di gestible protein, fats and carbohy drates-. These methods are fatally defective for the following reasons: First, the tables call for so much digestible food. If there was such a thing as digestible food it might fur nish a basis to go by, but digestible food is really apparently digestible food, in that it disappears in the body. Just what use is made of it is not al ways clear vSom of it turns into gas, some is converted into heat, and much of it is used in the labor of digesting and handling the food. In the case of straw and similar material, nearly all of its energy is used up in the labor of digesting it, leaving little or no net gain Straw should be re turned to the soil. Take two samples ot diied barley grains, each contain ing the same amount of digestible food, and one will give twenty more therms or heat units than the other. One hundred pounds of digestible food derrvei from roughage is about equal: to eighty pounds derived from grain, so if we add together things which are unlike, we get no tangible results. It is like adding so many pounds to so many gallons So, the digestible basis of figuring rations is very inaccurate. The correct way is, first, to ascertain how much protein and energy a cow needs to sustain hfa and keep weight You can get this from your experiment station, and ascertain how much is necessary to make one pound of milk of a cer tain fat test, and then feed her as much protein and-energy as is needed to maintain her and supply food for as many pounds of milk as she can make. This is a very difficult problem end few can do it, and we challenge any two men to tackle the same prob lem under the same conditions and arrive at the same result. We cannot tell unless we try to find out, that a cow will not give more milk-on more feed, or maybe as much milk on less feed. So feeding is large ly experimental, as no two cows are alike. However, the law of averages will hold, and the feeder can save all this trouble and much loss by feeding a ration which his experiment station has in most cases made, say three to four pounds of milk for each pound of mixed feed. There is one thing certain. The more solids and fat in the milk, the* more feed needed per pound of milk. So, a good mixed feed which is prop erly combined and all the roughage she will eat will greatly simplify your feeding problem and a very little ex perimenting will soon show you how much concentrates each cow needs to produce a maximum yield $2.40 PEB AID OFGOVERNORS National Defense Council Issues Warning Against Hysteria. STATE CENSUS I S OPPOSED. Areas Likely to Be Theaters of War Operations Designated and Recom mendations Presented For Road BuildingIn Certain Contingencies May Fix Food Prices. Washington.Governors who sought advice from the Council of National Defense concerning their war activities at the national defense conference re ceived their instructions in a detailed statement which covered a hundred phases of the work necessary to get the country in shape for a successful war against Germany. The advice was in the form of an swers to stated questions on industrial and military subjects. There ran through the document an apparent warning against hysteria in action which might hamper rather than ac complish the desired resuts. Here are some of the important points made: First.The national council recom mends that the state councils shall en courage economy and discourage ex travagant living and the purchase of luxuries among the people of their re spective states. Second.In regard to the postpone ment of state or municipal works now under way and not of pressing im portance the council, "generally speak- ing," advises that nothing now under way should be abandoned except un der pressing necessity nor should new projects be started not of pressing im portance. Third.The council has not made any suggestion for the postponement ln any state of work, on co-operative highway projects to such an extent that redistribution of public money will be necessary. Fourth.The taking of a census by states of men for either military or industrial service, supplementary to federal registrationa step which has been contemplated in some other stateswas discouraged. On this point the document says: "The council does not desire such a census for the pres ent. It is not needed just now and when completed and ready for use would soon be obsolete owing to rap idly changing industrial conditions." Fifth.The council may in certain contingencies fix either or both mini mum and maximum food prices ifiau thorized by law, but holds that until legislation is passed it is impfssible to make a definite statement. In reply to advice in regard to the road building which would make the location and character of the highway better suited for military purposes, the council furnishes a copy of a letter from Secretary Baker to Secretary Houston giving in detail the areas like ly to be the theater of war operations and presenting recommendations as to road building for military purposes. The areas in question are: (a) The area about Long Island, in cluding most of the states of Rhode Island, Maine, New Hampshire, Ver mont, Massachusetts, Connecticut and New York. (b) The area about Chesapeake bay, including much of the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Vir ginia, North Carolina and Delaware. (c) The Pacific coast area, including California, Oregon and Washington. (1) The Mexican border, including the southern part of the states of Tex as, New Mexico, Arizona and Califor nia (e) The great lakes area, including the states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois and parts of Wisconsin and Minnesota. COULDN'T SCARE SAILOR. Officer Told Threatening Boat Cap tain to "Shoot Away." London.Douglas Duff, the fourth oflicer and the only survivor of the steamer Thracia, sunk by a German submarine on April 27, says in deposi tions that three hours after the ship was sunk the German submarine ap proached the capsized boat, the stern of which had been blown off, to which be was clinging, and asked him the usual questions^ regarding the destroy ed steamer and her destination. It was 11 o'clock at night and very dark. The submarine commander first threatened to shoot Duff, says the fourth oflicer, who quotes himself as replying, "Shoot away." The com mander then said, according to Duff, that he wouldn't waste powder on an Englishman and left Duff to his fate. He was picked up twelve hours later by a French fisherman. ARMY NEEDS GENERALS. Promotions Expected to Be Made Only Upon Merit Basis. Washington.The new national army will require about twenty-nine new major generals and more than 100 brigadier generals, according to oc flcials of the war department. There will be a total of thirty-six divisions, each of which will have one major general and four brigadier generals. The army act empowers the presi dent to appoint general officers at his discretion. /The belie^.prevails that the president and secretary of war both are determined only upon merit and special fitness. This policy would co incide exactly with those of France and England, wh(ch are advancing^ younger men to the higher commands. Jfef, rz i tilM