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state of the war which lias so long afflicted
the Territory of Florida, and the vaiious
other matters of interest therein referred to,
you will learn from it that the Secretary has
instituted an inquiry into abuses, which pro
mises to develop gross eu.'.vmities in connee
tioa with Indian treaties which have been
negotiated, as well as in the expenditures for
the removal and subsistence of the Indians.
He repicsents a'so other irregularities of a
sericus nature that have crown up in the
practice of the Indian Department, which
will require the appropriation of upwards of
g200;003 to correct, and wh'ch claim the im
mediate attention of Congress.
In reflecting on tha propsr mans of de
fending the country, we cannot shut our eves
to the consequences, which the "introduction
and use of the power of steam upon the
ocean are likely toproduce in wais between
amratime States. We cannot vet see the
extent to which this power may Le fippiied
in belligerent operation?, connecting itself
as it does with present improvements in the
aniui c ut guuiit i y uiiii projectiles: put we
need h ive no fear of being left, in reward to
-.1 . i - t - -
"these things, behind the mnct active and skill
ful ot other nation?, if the genius and en
terprise of rur fellow citizens receive prop
er encouragement and direction from Govern
ment. Tnie wisdom would, nevertheless, seem
to dictate the necessity of placing in perfect
condition those fortifications which arc de
signed lor the protection of our principal
cities and roadsteads. For the defence of
our extensive maritime coast, our chief re -
liatice should be placed on our Navy, aided
by those inventions which are destined to re-
commend themselves to public adoption 'general consumption of ihe world, thereby
but no time should be lost in plat-in? our j augmenting the demand from other quarters,
principal cities on the seaboard, anil the la-(and thus calling fur additional labor, it were
kes, in a state of entire security from foreign ! needless to inquire. The highest ronideia
assault. Separated as we are from the conn-I tion of public honor, as well as the strongest
tries of the old World, and in much unaf.ect- j promptings of humanity, require a resort' to
ed by their policy, we are happily releived i the most vigorous tllorts to suppress the
from the necessity of maintaining large stand- trade.
ing armies in time of peace. The policy
which was adopted by Mr. Monroe, shortly
after the conclusion of the lute War with
Great Eritain. of preserving aiegolar organ
ized stalli sufficient for the command of a largo
military force, should the necessity of one
arise, is founded as well in economy as in
wisdom. Provision is thus made, upon fill
ing up the rank and file, which can readily
be done on any emergency for the introduc
tion of a system of discipline, both promptly
and efficiently. All that is required in time
of peace, is to maintain a sufficient number
of men to guard our fortification, to meet
any sudden contingency, and to encounter
the first shock of war. Our chief reliance
must be placed on the militia; they consti
tute the great body of national guards, and,
inspired by an ardentjlove of countiy, w ill be
ready at all times, and at ail season, to re
pair with alacrity to its defence. It will be
regarded by Congress, doubt not, at a suita
ble time, as one of its highest duties to attend
to their complete organization and discipline.
The state of the Xavy pension found re
quires the immediate attention of Congress.
By the operation of the act of the 3d of j jec'.s.should exist, is rea-otnblv to be expect
March, 1837, entitle1, "an act for the more cd. Xor can all be made satined with .m.v
equitable administration of the Navy Pen-
sion fund" that fund has been exhausted. j
It will be seen, from the accompan ving re-
port of the Commissioner of Pensions, that
mere wni oe required, tor the payment of
ivivy pensions, on the tirst of July nex
fu4,006 Ou 1-3. and on the first of January, respective orbits to cultivate pe:.ee wi'h all
1842, the sum of &G0.00'). In addition to the nations of the earth on just and honora
ihese sums, about sG.OOQ will be required to! ble grounds to exect obedience to the laws
pay arrearsof pensions which will probably ! to entrench hbeitv and property in full se
be allowdd between the first of July and the leuritv and, consulting the most ri 'id econo-
nrst oi January, 1 r.42.iiaking in the whole
louyj'joo o i-j. 10 meet mese payments,
there is, within the control of the Depart
ment, the sum of 28.040. leaving a deficien
cy of 121,90600 1-3. The public faith te
quires that immediate provision should be
made for the payment of theso sums.
In order to introduce into the Navy a
desirable efficiency, a new system of ac
countability may be found to be indispensa
bly necessary. To mature a plan having for
its object the accomplishment of an end so
important, and to meet the just expectation
of the country, require more time than has
been allowed to the Secretary at the head
of that department. The hope is indulged
that, by the time of your next regular ses
sion, measures of importance, in connection
with this branch of the public service, may
be matured for your consideration.
Although the laws regulating the Post Oi
fice Department only require from the officer
charged with its direction to report at the
usual annual session of Congress, the Post
master General has presented to me some
facts connected with the financial condition
of the Department, which are deemed wor
thy the attention of Congress. By the ac
companying report of that officerit appears
the existing liabilities of that D-partmetn,
beyond the means of payment at its com
mand, cannot be less than 500,000. As
the laws organizing that branch of the pub
lic service, confine the expenditure to its
own revenues, deficiencies threin cannot be
presented under the usual estimates for the
expenses of Government. It must, there
fore, be left to Congress to determine wheth
erthe moneys now due the contractors shall
be paid Irom the public Treasury, or wheth
er that Department shall continue under its
present embarrasments. It will be seen by
the report of the Postmaster General, that the
recent lettingsof contracts in several of the
States, have been made at such reduced
rates of compensation, as to encourage the
"rdieftha if the Department was relieved
f--om existing difficulties, its future opera
tions might be conducted without any furth-
er call upon the general Treasury.
The power tf appointing to office is one
of a character the most delicate and respon
sible. The appointing power is even more
exposed to be led into error: with anxious
solicitude to select the most trustworthy for
official station. I cannot be supposed to
possess a personal knowledge of the qualth -
cauons ot every applicant. I deem it thcie
foic proper in this most public manner, to
invite ou tac part of the Senate a just icru-
tiny into ihe character and pretensions
every person lmay bring to their notice in
the regular form of a nomination for office.
Unless persons every way trustworthy are
employed m public service, corruption and
irregularity will inevitably follow. I shall
wnn the greatest cheerlulness acquiesce in
the decision of that body, and regarding it
as wisely constituted to aid the Executive
Department in the performance of this deli
cate duty, I shall look to its 'consent and ad.
vice" a given onlv in furheranco of the
bestinterests of the" countrtv. I shall also.
at the earliest proper occasion, invite the beauty-rf her more delicate achievements;
attention of Congress to such measures as. my friend, I venture to assert that under
in my judgement, will be best calculated to; that aqtiqualcd hat could more solid sense be
icgulate and control the Executive Power in ' foonu than in as many of the pulpy pericaui
reterenre to this vitally important subject, j u i;s of dandies as could be packed within
1 sh.i'l also, at the proper season, invite the boundless limits of creation: and that as
your at tent tonjto the statutory enactments for
the suppression of the slave trade, which may
requite to be rendered more effi -int in their
provisions. 1 iieie is reason to believe that
he tiaflic is on the increase. Whether such
i increase is to be ascribed to the abolition of
! slave labor in the UritMi possessions in our
vicinity, ad an attendant diminution in the
i supply of those articles which enter into the
l:i conclusion, I beg to invite your partic;:-
lar attention to the interest of this District
nor do I doubt hut that in a liberal spirit of
legislation you will seek to advance its com
mercial as well as its local interest--.
Should Congress deem it to be itslutv to
repeal the existing Sub-Treasury law," the
necessity of providing a suitable place of de
posit for the public moneys which may be
required within the District, must be appar
ent to all.
I have felt it due to the country to pre
sent the foregoing topics to your considera
tion and reflection. Oihers" with which it
might not seem proper to trouble you at an
extraordinary session, will be laid before vou
at a future day. I am happy in committing
the important nliairs of the country into
your bands. The tendency of public senti
ment, I am pleased to believe, is toward the
adoption, in a spirit of union anil Imrmonry,
of such measures as w ill fortify the public in
terests. To cherish such a tendency of pub
lic opinion is the task of an elevated patriot
ism. That diiferenees of opinion, as to the
means oi accomplishing these ilcsiruUo oh-1
system of measures; but I flattermy se'1 with
the hope that the great body of the people
will readily unite in su!?.:tof tie,,, whose
ollorts spring from :i disinterested desi.eto
promote their happiness to preserve the
lederaland State Govern nmts within their
my, to abolish all useless expenses
J.
ui.v Tvi.i.r..
Wamiix;ton-, June I, 1311.
SIIOIIT PATIIXT SERMONS.
Some friend at the Astor House has sent
me the folloowing text, with a request that
I would preach therefrom:
My ilre too wm li..lly nr-.-lt rti it.
Mt int wu sl eicliril ovrr my Lrow,
Ami I l.joUe.l like a fellow Sll-ccti:l,
Of wisLinj (a kick up a row.
My hearers In the days of Alexander
Pope, Estp, it was pretty generally conside
red, by the respectable portion of the com
munity, that wot th made the man; tint hi:
whose heart was kept from sinking into his
stomach, by the pillars of strict iute"iitv.
and whose actions were governed by the im
pulse of generous principle, was not only a
man, but a gentlemen of the first order; but.
now-a-days, it is dross alone that makes the
man and fashions the gentleman. The world
ol late has grown so artilici d, an 1 so nu
merous are its deceptions, that a person has
to dig through a vast quantity ol outward
rubbish before he can arrive at the pure foun
tain of real merit. 1 mean by this that there
are many individuals, whose outward ap
pearances are as rou'h as the road to mise
ry, who possess souls as smooth and as deli
cate as the down upon the back of a new
hatched goslin, and whose hearts arc as rife
with the genuine seeds of rectitude as are
peech trees w ith blossoms in the month of
May whose bodies, like thatch.-1 cottaues.
present humiliating exteriors, and yet con
tain -..iihin peace, h ipjiiuess, morality, con
tcntiiicnt and comfort. On the other hand,
I mean to assert, my fiiends, that most ol
those whom you see monopolizing neailv the
whole of the sidewalk of society in display
ing the dry goods hung upon their backs
who are so pulled up with vanity that thev
can t squeeze them-t Ives into the doois of
honest industry without collapsing their flues
arc just as destitute of those ennobling
qualities which should characterize a man as
a cob is of corn after passing through a shel-
ling mill; and more rotten about the cores of
their hearts than those foul transactions
which ince brought a disgrace upon Den
mark. I say, rnv friends, that these fabrica
ted specimens of dignity and worth require,
for the most part, an astonishing elevation
j of character to be worthy of a .sheep stealer's
! contempt,
My dear hearers the suspicious-looking
chap alluded to in my text, whoso dress was
so sadly neglected, and whose hatwas slouch
eficd over his brow, a la lofaire, have no
doubt was as good-natured, peaceable and
worthy a fellow as can bo found between
here and heai'en: but appearances were a-
gainst him. ihe shallow souled lops of
' fashions bv whom ho was surrounded, look
cd upon him as a mere thing in the scale ot
be in;:, not worthy of the paltry material of
which human Ilesli is composed. 1 would
not be surprised ii they even wondered how
Nature could have the extravagance to budd
up such an uncouth and foilorn figure of hu
manity, and give it life and being to mar the
innocent, generous, and philanthropic a heart
hc:i beneath that homely jacket as ever
throbbed in the bosom of angelic carnation.
Vet he looked as if he might have been sus
pected of kicking up a row! Eeeatise why?
be chose rather to line his inside with
the
: homespun flannel of wisdom than to omn-
ment his surface with the velvet of f..!iy and
' pride. Hut mark how he stands in the' eves
of n corrupted and sin-ridden world! I!ccause
his boots are down at the heel, his c haracter
i . i i -i I- i i.
is uowii m a icvei wmi ins noots. liecatisc
his coat has grown threadbare, his reputation
has also lost its gloss; and his good qualities
partake of the rust that covers his physicial
attributes. While angels are walking in the
garden of his soul, tin scornful devils of fah-
ion tiirow stories over its walls ami molest
' his peace. The flow crs of his heart east no
! p"i it;me beyond his own nostrils: and that
which is flagrante to him smells ranker than
a shaken skunk t i others. lie gathers his
own -jrapes liom his o n vines, and feasts
soliviry aa I sdone, while others are Cather
ine thistles along the thorn-covered walks
of etiquette. In fact, he is noho.ly in the
sight ot vanity but n suspicioiis-Iookinrj row
dy; but 1 would give more for the sewings
ol his soul than for the good qualities, that
can be extracted from as many of your blus
ierin.r bullies of broadcloth and buckram as
I'elebub ever kicked out from the limits of
his esteem.
My respected hearers! if you wish to
jud.'e rightly of one of your fellow crea
tures and ascertain his true worth, you must
look under bis shirt bosom, and not attempt
to criticise his externals. Ave. yon must
live into the deep reroses of bis heart and
lind what treasures are hidden there worthy
of beit.e possessed by the christian, the
philanthropist and the mm. All is not o!d
that gutter;
tvs the ai:e-c, and neither is all
that
..... t. ..... . . .
"mi ii i i i i it-, on ru: u I ir 1-,
i
i
ls:i. Ihe World is i!.-eei:)i, n;n IS deceit
' '
ful and woman; peihaj s, is more so; but
the elements of moraii'v are free from imile
and a;c-ite:it wherever they exist. If
iey exist. Ii von
. il :! i ! .!... . i " . .-
know ing that vmi are deserving of the res
-." - . .... ii. . o, ,; uii: I '
pert ol the virtuous an I the good.no nritVr
whfhrr you look like scarecrows hung op
en the fen -e. rare as comely to lei. old as
the golden livJitof morning. May vu pon
der upon what I have said and grow wi-T,
bi tter, and richer in spirit, till you finally
bid good-bye lo such a lleeting, false and de
eeptive world as this, ami depart for another
mote pure, more 'jlorious. and more lasting.
So mote it b.r! . Y. S. Mer. 1 .-, Ju.
Irntn the knitkciLiK'ki'r.
VAIN REGRETS. Br F.puai::.
ClIll.ToX.
Would I could feel as once I felt.
When, hesh in heart and pure in mind,
I buckled on my bo i.sh belt,
Am frolicked freely as the wind;
I bad no care to cloud my brow,
Xur giief my little heart to melt;
How altered arc my feelings now
I cannot feel as once I felt!
Would I could dream as once I dreamed.
w nen. iiko a glory Irom ahove.
Around my dawning heart there beamed
The bosom-bliss of youth first love!
When Hope grew bold within my breast,
And Fancy with gay visions Xeemed!
Ah! lied are all those moments blest
1 cannot dream as once I drenmed!
Would I could think, as once I thought.
This wide and beautiful green earth,
A paradise of joy, where naught
Hut pure and holy things had birth;
Where every scene with peace and truth,
And friendship firm, and love was fraught:
Ah! quickly undeceived is youih
I cannot think as once I thought!
I cannot feel, or dream or think,
As 1 was wont in days long past;
And as I near the awful brink
(or which we each must lean at last,
I think that all will soon be o'er.
And give the woild a parting sigh;
I feel its .-hows can cheat no mote,
And dream of joys thatcannot die!
New York, April, IC I1.
The Per.nsylvanian of Philadelphia of the
3.1 of June says:
Coi.. Rkn- iox The fi iends of Col. Ren
ton for President, meet this evening in Sorintr
Garden, to form an association.
FfOiu the Missouri FaiUier.
, GRASSES.
As the advantages of permanent meadows
and pasture grounds as aflbrdinz later and
earlier feed than prairie grass, and as their
necessity is evident where prairie grass is
not to be had, it may be worth w hile to enu
merate a few of the most approved cultiva
ted grasses.
Orchard Grass is preferred bv Youns to
almost every other. Cows are very fond of
1 m.
it. uooper rates it aoove i imothy, and says
it is gradually takes its place about Philadel
phia. It is earlier than Timothy and so bet
ter to cut with Clover; growth rapid, after it
has been cropped; does well in loams and
sands, and in shades. Col. Towel says, "I
have tried it for ten years; it produces" more
pasturage than any artificial grass 1 have
seen in America."
Timothy, or Herd's Grass is one of the
most valuable. It has double the nutriment
w hen cur in the seed, so that the seed may be
got without loss to the crop, say 10 to" 30
bushels to the acre. In tenacious strong
and moist soils, it is superior, perhaps, says
Buel, to any single grass for hay, yet does
not seem suitable to mix with Clover seed
when intencd for meadow.
JL-d Chrer cannot be depended upon for
permanent grass lands, though it yields to
no grass for alternating with grain in conver
tible husbandry. 20 to 30 pounds are sown
to tiie acre less, ol course, in a new soil.
It is lit for the scythe 10 or 15 days earlier
than Timothy. It sown alone," a to 10
pounds to the acre in old lands. A clover
patch is wanted for hogs.
Lurmir, though allordmg more green food
than lied Clover, has less nutriment in a sin
gle crop; but as it grows much quicker, will
hear cutting twice as often. In the soiling
system, an acre of Lucerne, adds l!uel, will
keep f.eir cattle or horses from the 15th of
May to the 1st of October. If sown in
di ills. 15 pounds of seed are required to the
acre; u , n l.roadcaM. ".
Most prefer to sow grass in sprinir. and e-
ven to harrow it into winter wheat fields in
s; -rir.g is no disadvantage thrv sav to the
wheat, but quite otherwise. Vet the prac
tice is objected to, as better suited to the
ruoUt English than to our climate. If sown
in the fall, it should be rolled in the spring.
It these, or any other grasses, for hav,
green fodder, or pasture, as the Horin, the
I'pright Ilent. Smooth Stalked Meadow, Fes
cue, I. ng Kootcd Clover. White Clover, Fall
Oat Giass. .Meadow Fox Tail.&c. behave
been cultivated in the northwest, will anv
Irien 1 favor the f irming public with the re
sults through the columns of the -Missouri
Farmer?
Miv:t:i. Wi utji..
I. E.. Great Hoot, called also Root of Scar
city, is sown after tr-ping the seeds in rain
water, two to four days, except the soil be
quite moist.
l'-r This beet is very little allected bv
changes of weather. It is attacked by no
insect; drought :.?. : i: vegetation but lit
tie. It pictures the 1 ni l evtren.ele w..': f"..r
jother crops. It may be sown and treated
. i .
precise v oi, i ir-. .i
M bee', except that
the loots ought lo stand eighteen inches as
under. In good land thrv often weigh nine
'OrtCtl iMlUIi.!-; lllW sflir.Tli-.l iiiir'i? .r
. ' ..... .........
''ine were raised ov Lev. .Mr. liale
on the prune at t.ale.sl urg and attained an
enormous si.-. tnw weighed '2.i pounds,
th 'Mgh i,, the light, snn.ly. well manured
soil o Fi ance, 11 to 1G pound was consider
ed large. In France, the first crop of leaves
is taken olfin the latter end of Ju:i3 or the
heguiiug of July. In this country, proba
bly the latter period would be preferable.
I. A V V F.I f A X I Tims d I M A X.
W bile a number of lawyers and gentle
men were dining at Wisc.isset a few years
siii"c a jolly soul from the Emerald Isle, ap
peared and called out for a dinner. The
landlord told him that he sh nild diue when
the gentlemen were done. -I.ct him crowd
in among us," whispered a limb of the law,
"and we will have some fuu with him."'
The Irishman took his scat at the table.
You were not born in this country, r.iv
friend." "
'Xo sir. I was hern in Ireland."
'Is your father living V
Xo Sir. he is dead.'
What is your occupation?'
A horse jockey, sir.'
'What was your father's occupation?'
Tra.Iiug horses, sir.'
D.d jour lather cheat any one while here?
i suppose he did cheat many sir.'
'Where do you suppose he went" to?'
To heaven, sir.'
And what do you suppose ho is doin
there?'
'Trading horses, sir.'
'I las he cheated any one there V
lie cheated one I believe sir.'
Why did they not prosecute him?'
I'ecausc they sercahed the whole kingdom
of haeven and could'nt find a lawyer.'
A young apprentice to the shoe-making
business, lately asked his master what an
swer he should make to the oft repeated
question, Does your master warrant his
shoes?" "Answer, Tom," says the master.
"tell them that I warrant them to prove good.
ind II Ihev donht that I will make them
good for nothing."
Mr. Clay on June 4th, introduced a bill
lo repeal the Independent Treasury Law.
The Senate did no business of importance
on the 4th, and did not sit on the 5th. The
House adjourned on the 3d until the 7lh
This long interval will afford ample time to
pacK ihe committees to the notion of Mr.
Clay.
THE JOURNAL.
SATURDAY, JUNE 19, 1841.
TAXATION TIIE LICENSE SYSTEM.
There is nothing plainer, or more simplt
than the principles u.ion which taxation
should be based. The principal object of
taxation is the support of government, and
government is established for the protection,
and maintenance of the rights of man, and
the rights of property. If these premises
be true, it follows that the proper objects of
taxation are first the person of the man
w ho is protected in his rights by the ordina
nary institutions of Government, and second
ly the property which belongs to society, of
whatever character or description it may be.
This property may consist of various kinds.
It may be in lands, houses, negroes, horses,,
cattle, money, stock or merchandize; and in
whatever form individuals invest their la
bor or capital, it should not escape the bur
den of taxation of paying its proportion to
the support of the Government that protects
it from invasion and guards its rights. The
law passed, at the last session of the Legis
lature, taxing money loaned at interest, is an
approximation to ibis principle. It placfs
money on the same footing with other kinds
of property, an 1 Iraws the obvious distinc
tion between ne-nied capital, and the
mere evidence of indebtedness. It is in not
attending to this distinction, that-all the objec
tions to this Law, have their origin, and
wht n it is recollected that what passes fir
money among us. is not money, but the mere
representative of real money, and in tnith
nothing but the evidence of indeb'edn-.s
from the Ranks to the bolder, the difficulty
for the popular mind to discriminate between
the notes of the money lender rnd the case
of the man who takes a no'e.or, bond as the
mere instrument lo show the indebtedness of
the debtor, is no little.
If we hid no other currency than me
tallic, or if the promises to pay of the Ranks,
were driven from among us, these objections
woi.M vanish with them, an I no man could
fail to see the propriety and justice of the
Law which makes no discrimination between
the taxation of different kin Is of property.
Lut we are losing sight of our subject.
We have said that this taxation Law is an
app;o.imaiion to the true principle of taxa
tion. It is however but an approximation.
Ii docs not come up to the mark. It falls
!:ort of the correct standard. Everv man
should pay a poll tax, or a tax upon his per
son because it is one of the objects of gov
ernment to protect the rights of his person.
1 le shoul 1 then pay tax, in projortion to his
actual worth, after deducting what he
owes. As a general rule the amount of
property, which a man owns is the best cri
terion of his real wealth. This will no doubt
admit of some exception, but these onlv es
tablish the truth of the general proposition.
Taking it for granted, that in the aggrepate
number of cases a man's wealth is measured
by the amount of property which he posses
ses, his actual wealth would be the correct
stndard of taxation- Even if in a great
number of cases, this proposition is not true,
and in isolated individual cases, the operaton
of the rule would be unjust, in the great
majority of cases, there would be no injus
tice done, and the State would suffer no ma
terial losss i.f revenue. The merchant
who owes for his goods purchased out of the
State, and who is trading upon a fictitious
capital, would not pay as much tax under
the operation of this rule, as he now docs,
but those who deal w ith him would have the
advantage of knowing his real pecuniary
condition, and would know how far to trust '
him. The assessors lax list, -would then
represent the actual condition of every mans
aliairs in the State, ami no man would ob
tain a credit for what he was not entitled to.
Each tax-piver. should have his property,
real, and personal valued either by him
self or the assessor, ami after deducting his
indebtedness, should pay a tax upon the bal
ance. This brings us to the consideration of
the. License system, which we shall examine
at some future peruxl.
We have received the two first Xos. of
the M issouri Fa rme r,a njagricultural paper com
mencedin St. Iuis. The price is one dollar per
annum, published monthly, or six subscribers
for ,5. From the slight examination, which
we given the numbers before us, we take
pleasure in recommending the "Farmer' to
the patronage of the farmers, and planters
of this section of the State. Missouri can
certainly sustain one agricultural paper-while
Illinois supports two or three. We hope to
see ibis periodical well supported for we
are w ell assured that no one will regret pay
ing the price of subscription for the valuable
information it will contain.
