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The Montana post. [volume] (Virginia City, Montana Territory [i.e. Mont.]) 1864-1869, September 21, 1867, Image 1

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OTHE NTANA PS ....,
A Newspaper, Devoted to the Mineral, Agricultural and Commercial Intereste of Montana Territory.
tOiL. 4, NO. 5. VIRGINIA CITY, MONTANA, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1867. WHOLE NO. 161.
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TILE PiOCLA:IATION.
'Ar . in this issU,- tt..e allnleStyt
-. ,a .,ui t P,)resident Jolinson, i- i
. :I: \\a:iiington on the Sth inst.
,x. 'c-,f flithe i)rd(ning power,
.... " ,,u,. l:unt (o, tumiel nt. reducing I
" ·" I :'.l oif rn tho; a lenia.ilte .~. :he
S ii the rebellion H, a ;.-w .un
:r 1i tl, uti qu mlo1tioning a: present
i -ri. :.- of this action at the pres
i tre, or the authority of the
r, nr to i.-l,' such amnesty. W-e
..n t, ,rlc :r condemning the spirit it
,i:n.- and its plain purl)rt. \\ould,
:. hay. -,een sufliicient or the pur
t, ,, grantin.t aiminesty, to have made
!: i,? ly. v t. hiat. an(1 to have avoid
o,1 rairing, in it the qtuestions of policy
::.:, iii the, President and Congress,
;;l- it was intended to ha: e a partizan
..;.," Mr. Johnson says: "'The laws
'':Cie I..'l.tained tin the late rebel States)
r" .'.''r civil authority, State or Fede
-lI. :n i ti,. people of said States are
"",.-! and i 1,va:Iv dispose-d, and have con
: l. an. l, (it' p / adfitt , .,o eo do,, will
n!ornl in legislati. n to the condition
t a:hai rs ,growing oat of the amendment
til. ( . nstitution prohibiting slavery
vit!tn tlI limlits of the jurisdiction of
l,. I nitid States." IHere Mr. Johnson,
:n :a H :1. !,documnent bearing amnesty for
;t ',fin. and restoration to all for
: I rihits ,,f property to eleven classes
Sr-r-,n- hiithert.) prohibited by him
-::. ,'.,·i Is upoU the question of the
a..itv of the State Glovernments, in
ii , ,lsitit,n to tlhe enactments of
n :_-r,.- s and thlet expressed views of the
1"...". e. even going so far as to arraign
(,n re-s in its reconstruction acts,
"ith lai,.vt.nting the people from con
i.r~in to t the laws. Again he goes far
o.;. f iris way to condemn the execution
o.f th: Military bill and to give promi
n n,,e, to certain plausibly sounding
Ihra o s. stool-pigeons to decoy the flock,
iniaicatiun the course to be followed by
"..lInh-on adherents. The ostensible
I ..rl. ".f this proclamation is to grant
Iýar l,,n :,, a large number of leading otB
Sals connected with the late so-called
S,,uthern t'onfederacy-its real effect is
:,, sw the seet(lds of another revolution by
arousing in the people of the South a
sieirit of hostility to the reconstruction
:,-,asures in progress there, and to lead
open revolt. It is a proclamation of
I and comfort to the disaffected, a
irand thrown into a powder strewn mag
azin,.. We are not an alarmist, and
!."ji to see all this portentous darkness
!isatlI.,ar. but supposing that this pro
'.ramationi should produce its legitimate
r.tsults, and influence the people of any
locality in the South to resist the ad
Omhini-tration of the District Command
,r. would not the conflict at once begin
Ibft .e.en the military and the citizens,
and where would it end, and how?
Either this, there is much in the procla
matio)n that is superfluous, or such will
I» the effect, measured and meted only
by the common sense of the Southern
Ie',lie. Ve believe that as a people
th.y acknowledge the decision of the
sword. that they will not give up again
their homes to destruction, and their
blood to the soil, and become tools in the
hands of designing intrlgulats, that pol
iticians may win oms thereby, ao, with
Ben. Wade. we might beliEpr that we
are on the eve of another re a1tzin.
IMPEACH ENT.
On the 7th of January, 1867, Ashley,
of Ohio, in the House of Representalvs,
impeached Andrew Johnson of high
crimes, charging him with usurpation of
power and violation of the law in that
he had corrupted and abused the ap
pointing power, corruptedly disposed of
public property of the United States,
interfered in e!ections. and conspired
with others to commit acts which were
high crimes and misdemeanors. He
at the same time offered a resolution
that the Judiciary Committee be author
iz;:d to inquire into the charges and
make a report. Spaulding moved to lay
the resolution on the table, which was
lost 1,- 109 nays to 39 ayes,and the com
mittee began the investigation. The
investigation closed on the 23d of July.
From the fact that the President was
not at once tried by the Senate, and
tromn the passiveness with which the re
port was received it might be inferred
that the investigation had failed to sus
tain the charges. A perusal of the re
port dispels that illusion. The investi
gation had accomplished the desired ob
ject. The President had manifested an
antagonism to the acts of Congress, that
if it did not nullify them, chilled the soil
where was being sown the seeds of re
construction. The impeachement, we
believe, was not intended by a majority
of those voting for the resolution to
culminate in final action by the Senate,
but merely intended as a twitch of the
curb to show his Excellency how severe
SIv, if iecessary. the reins could be drawn.
swung no more in the obstreperous
circle, and although fretting under the
impeachment saddle, made no bad break
until after the report had been mide.
('ongress was willing to humor him so
far as it was safe to trust him, and hav
ing. as they supposed, by the Tenure of
Office and Reconstruction bills, rendered
it impossible for him to break up the
Cabinet of which Stanton was the head,
or interfere with the execution of the
laws, by vesting the removal of District
Commanders in the General of the army,
it adjourned until the first Monday in
December. By a most singular defect
in the Tenure of Office bill, it left the
President at perfect liberty to accomplish
the very thing they designed to prevent,
the removal of Stanton, and it is not sur
prising that he did it. In this,we believe,
the President kept plainly within the
letter of the law. Having accomplished
this, lie has gone farther, and by a plain
violation of the statutes, whose legality,
to say the least, has not been denied by
the Judiciary authorities; despite the
wishes of the loyal people and the pro
testations of General Grant, he has, by
the removal of military District Com
manders, and the amnesty proclamation
broken up and defeated, for the time,the
reconstruction measures. Congress can
not meet, except by Presidential convo
cation, until the second day of December,
but when it does convene, if the first im
portant act is not the trial of the Presi
dent, there will have been some unlook
ed for change in the temper of the
American people, or the press is not a
good indicator of public sentiment.
That the issues between the legislative
and executive heads of the government
has now been reduced to that point
where it becomes necessary to decide
them before further progress can be
made in the work of reconstruction, is
apparent to all. The trial of Congress
is with the people at the ballot box, the
trial of the President is with the Senate.
Both will have been held to account
within the next hundred days, and what
are now subjects of speculation, will
have become established facts, whether
they be for better or for worse.
CAUSE AND EFFECT.
'There are instruments that measure
the density and temperature of the at
mosphere, foretelling the approach of
destructive storms or cloudless skies.
Their variations are governed by immu
table natural laws. The rising and fall
ing of the mercury in the barometor is
not a more reliable indicator of the con
dition of the atmosphere than gold is of
the condition of National affairs. In
1861, gold was at par. With the pro
grees of the war it varied in quotati.m,
although in reality the standard of value
as regularly as success or disaster amrn
to the government. Financiers are the
shrewdest politicians. They do not
measure events by the flexible rule of
theory, but by their practical efects.
He who read the gold report each day
saw at a glance the real eosditiom do the
country. The Treasury endeavored to
control it, with millions of get ea de
posit to Sood the market when the rie
was rapid, but the edeet was tiempmmy
and leal Its gasttioms t emy -*
eorded but autilpsted the evea dt
day. It reaedat 8s lathe deantr t
. . _.
the Union prospered until the surrender
at Appomattox Court House brought it
down to the one-thirties. Money has no
politics. The National currency appre
ciates and depreciates as the credit of the
government is menanced or sustained,
and with that alone. Since the removal
of Stanton, Sheridan and Sickles, and
the Democratic victory in California,
gold has gone up from 1.36 to 1.46; in
other words, the National currency has
depreciated ten per cent. " The outstand
ing debt of the government on the 1st
day of September, 1867 was $2,492,783,
365.05. The great proportion of this in
debtedness is due to the people by the
government, and they are by this rise
in gold just $249,278,336.50 poorer. The
success of Johnson and the Democratic
party proJduces the same effect to-day
that a disaster to the Union armies did
i during the war. The cause of this is
apparent. The,, Democracy have sound
ed the cry of repudiation, and the return
of that party to i,,)wer is looked upon by
financiers as ,-'liva,'lent to the repudi
tinancit rs as e(jtlizrlent to the repudi
ation of the government indebtedness.
The success of rebellion would have ac
complished the same end. The La
Crosse Democrat, Cincinnati Inquirer,
Lynchburg .Newrs, Metropolitan Record,
Helena Gazette, and other papers of that
ilk have spoken for it. Vallandigham,
Pendleton,and others are approaching it
cautiously in the Ohio campaign, and
Jeff. Davis would be false to his record
did he not advocate it. Repudiation
means National dishonor, ruin and bank
ruptcy. Capital is sensitive, and the
gold barometor rises as the credit of the
country is menaced. At this rate a
dozen more removals and a dozen more
Democratic victories would put gold up
again to 2.80 and increase the price of
the necessaries of life to the highest war
figures. This view of the case is of that
character that it is a practical matter to
every man, and while our Democratic
friends are rejoicing over the meagre
victories of 1867 we advise them to keep
an eye upon the gold market, and see
there if they find much cause for con
gratulation.
8U LUIll 'LULl.
" THE MORAL OF /T."
The Sa.cramento Union of the 7th, in
a leader acknowledging the defeat of
tl Union party, purports to show "the
moral of the election," and designates
the result as a rebuke by the people " to
those who contested the right of the
people to rule as their fathers had ruled
before them," and says they have " set
the seal of condemnation deeply upon
the cheek of political corruption and con
spiring, overbearing corporations, seek
ing to rule the State in spite of the pop
ular will to the contrary." It may have
been necessary that the J'nion should
offer some consoling reflections to the
party, but for the leader in the contest
to issue a congratulation manifesto on
the heels of a defeat that is a stigma
upon the party, consider it in what light
we may, is ridiculous. The party held
a regular convention and nominated a
regular ticket. That it was not as strong
as might have been selected; that there
were names upon it that were elements
of weakness, and that some chicanery
common to all political conventions may
have been used in securing the nomina
tions, may be admitted; but we doubt
very much if admitting all this, the cir
cumstances would warrant the course
pursu d by the Union, or if with this
result staring them in the face, the voters
of California would repeat their folly if
opportunity was offered. The Union
party claim and probably have in the
State a clear majority of 12,000, yet the
Democrats elected their Governor and
Congressmen by fully 10,000. The Union
party outside of California do not look
upon this result as one redounding to the
credit of California Unionists, and the
explanations of the independent Union
papers fall far short of being satisfactory
reasons for abandoning great measures
to sustain little men. The following is
from the Union article :
Those who regard this election as a
triumph in favor of the obsolete Democ
racy, or as a verdict against the plans of
Congress for the reognstruction of the
ex-States, or au affirmation of the con
duct of the President, are greatly in
error. These things did not engage the
attention of the voters; or if they did at
all, it was only to reduac the . jorly
given against the head of the Union
ticket. A quare vote on the issue be
tween the President nd Cog today
would result in •a m rity of 11,000 bor
the latter. The ruling dein the ee
ti. last Wednesday was just this: That
the pLe mean to hold their laadse to
ddr-·rl holueml 'dealing In pdinhal
ali, and that they will eaema any
anidse s he do snot sesed wisth this
mtlimes That the Iasesnt wno
made to msdr with the guty is the
inuit o stat . -
Utnisn vow i ete the
---lr~ · re ._ l
r theregistered voters did not vote; in the
t strSeg Union county of Nevada, one of
the local papers there tells us that "out
o of 5,700 voters on the Great Register,
- hardly 8,500 votes were cast in the
e county." It was the same, we presume,
, in nearly all the counties; and of those
who did not vote it is safe to assume that
nine tenths were of the Union party.
d With a ticket such as the people would
t, have nominated the Union vote of the
n State would have been 20,000 more than
it is recorded. They were utterly dis
cgusted at the hypocrisy and corruption
1- of the politicians who assumed their
;t leadership, and all the terrors of party
discipline and the insane ravings of a
false hearted and pusillanimous press
were as unavailing as the idle wind. So
e may it ever be. In thisdegree of spirit,
ý intelligence and honor, the welfare of
e the State is so safely lodged that no one
negl ever again despair of it.
From Gen. Meagher's Father. _
On the reception of information of the
death of General Meagher a meeting of
citizens convened in Virginia city and
passed a series of resolutions expressive'
of the feelings of this people. Mr. Chiles,
the Secretary of the meeting, received
the following letter which we find in
the Democrat, from the father of Gen.
Meagher in reply to his letter accom
panying the proceedings.
BRAY, IRELAND, 14th Aug., 1867.
Wx. 1. CHIILES, Esqr.
My Dear Sir : Your very kind letter,
with copy of proceedings at a meeting
held in Virginia city, M. T., on the oc
casion of the death of my dearly belov
ed son, Thomas Francis, was forward
ed to me here, where I am staying for
the present.
May I ask you to make my grateful
acknowledgments acceptable to the cit
izens, on whose behalf you have acted,
for the respect they have testified for
his memory, and the sympathy felt for
his family,in the affliction,with which it
has pleased the Almighty to visit us.
At the same time, receive for yourself
my thanks for so kindly informing me
of the public manifestation of respectful
affection for my lamented son.
It will be my duty to remember, with
deep gratitude, the generous and warm
welcome which awaited him in the
United States-his obligations to the
citizens of that great country, for the
favors shown him during his abode with
them, and their appreciation of the re
turn of service, which he endeavored to
make to the close of his life.
?espectfully, yout ob't serv't.
THOMAS MEAGHER.
TUB DEXTER PURC.HABE.
One of the representative men of this
country is Robert Bonner, of the Ledger.
He has an ambition in all things to obey
Merriam's laconic injunction to "get.the
best," whether the best be brains or
beast. His columns and stables are
filled with them and and the latest ad
dition to his stud, next to Beecher, is
Dexter. Bonner run down to Buffalo
and after seeing Dexter stretch his legs
on a mile course in 2:171, he coveted him
to the tune of $50,000 and secured him.
The following dispatch to a friend, from
the race course, tells the story of Dex
ter's change of owners. What a pity he
did not secure Niagara. He could have
presented his lady readers with the
most immense waterfall, in addition to
other immensities.
BUFFALO, August 14, 1867.
I saw Niagara Falls this morning for
the first time. I came down here this
afternoon to see the other great wonder,
Dexter, trot where he beat the world,
having trotted in the unprecedented
time of 2:171. You know how I like to
secure all the best things, and as I could
not buy the Falls, I did the next thing
and bought Dexter. He will go into my
sstables September 10.
a ROBERT BONNER.
f In addition to Dexter, Mr. Bonner's
SI stables now comprise the following cele
brated horses: Peerless, who has made
the best time on record to wagon, 2:34-; i
the Auburn Horse, eight years old, who h
can beat 2:20; Pocahontas, who can go p
in 2:28: Palmer and Flatbush, who have h
together made 5010 to a road wagon.
MAINEI HEARD FRoM.-The telegraph p
did not bring returns of the Maine elec- a
tions on the 3d instant. Our Eastern *
exchanges state that the Unionists car- q
rled the State by nearly 20,000 majority. ti
John B. Page is elected Governor, and i,
the Legislature is composed almost en- a
tirely of Republicans. The Democracy li
had better have another torch-light pro- o
cession in Helena. How do Connecticut, ti
Kentucky, California and Montanadrib. i
lags of Democratic majorities compmare
with the 70,000 Union majorities in b
Maine and Tennessee?
A NovaL WAGua.-Among the many
wagers made on the result of the (lil
forals elections we And the following re
ported in the Vedette:
Wi. Higgins, lost an election bet
with Michael Hayes, the provisiems of
wjleh are that the loser shall play a
had orga in front of every hotel aMd
bo. din'ou on Moa J moery stee,
J J street to marUke, and tit I
all moey eolleAhed shall be divys4 a
the Protestant ad C mtuIs 1
k s~~i Th. Te a ,ir will emsU d
. rtu, . mr. we e ai
•s slmpatA abate samSo, sa. '
POSTAL DUCISIOl. 1
The Postmaster General has recently
rendered the following decision regard
ing postal charges It very kindly ex
empts from letter postage all transient
printed matter for Montana, except that
which comes by the overland mail route,
which, by the way, happens to be the
only route by which it can come. The
decision has just about as much effect
upon our postal rates as the Tenure of
Office bill had upon the President in the
removal of Stanton. The following is
from the United Mtates Mail :
Section 259, page 63, Postofflico Laws
of 1866, provides that letter postage shall
be charged on all mailable matter con
veyed by the. mail westward Leyond the
western boundary of Kansas and east
wyard beyond the eastern boundary of
California-except in the case of single
copies of newspapers, magazines and
periodicals to regular subscribers and
exchanges. Under this section qIl tran
sient printed matter was charged at let
ter rates. The Postmaster General has
decided that the section referred to is
not intended to apply to matter for Ore
gon, Washington, Idaho and Montana,
when sent by steamer to San Francisco,
and forwarded from thence by way of
Portland, Oregon, or any other routes,
except the regular overland route, but
only to matter actually forwarded from
the Eastern States or California and
Nevada by the regular overland mail via
Salt Lake City, or some other point on
that route. Transient printed matter
directed to any of the above places can
therefore be forwarded by steamer from
New York at the usual printed matter
rates of postage.
FROMI GALLATIN.
A Brutal Murder-Description of the Farties-
One Thousand Dollars Reward for their Ar
rest.
EDITOR PosT:-On the night of the
18th (Friday), between 11 and 12 o'clock,
a party of four men came to the house
of J. D. Davidson. and calling at the
door inquired if Davidson lived there.
William B. May, the only person except
Davidson in the house, answered that
he did, and invited them in. Davidson
(who was in bed) also bade them come
in, and the four men entered the house.
They asked Davidson when he came
bask from Virginia City, to which he
replied that he had been back several
days. They then asked if they could
get a cup of hot coffee, as they were cold.
Davidson said certainly, and May com
menced to build a fire. Using a hatchet
to split wood, he laid it down on the
hearth and stepped out after some chips.
Davidson had raised up and was sitting
on the edge of the bed. As May went
out, two of the men followed him. lie
had just gathered an armful of chips,
when he heard a blow struck in the
house, and at the same time one of the
two who had followed him, presented a
gun or revolver at him (May), and snap
ped two caps, which fortunately did not
discharge the load. May started off to
ward the timber at a run, and in circling
around did not succeed in raising the
alarm for half an hour or more. On
reaching the house I)avidson's body
could not be found, but the floor was
covered with blood. At daylight the
trail was traced through the deep grass
to a swamp some tour hundred yards
from the house, where, from the
manner in which the grass was tram
pled, they had evidently carried
uAuA, r(Cwug unce in iunai aistance. tie 1
was found lying in the swamp with
Lis head cut open with the hatchet, t
several blows having penetrated the
skull. They had taken all the money t
about his person, but the exact amount
is not ascertained. No further traces
have as yet been found. Davidson wasu
preparing to leave for the States,intend
ing to start in a day or two, and had I
some $2,000 or $3,000 in money. The
parties seemed to be familiar with David
son's business and intentions, and May
says talked as though they were ac
quainted with him. The night was
tolerably light. The recollection of May
is that one of the men was a large per- 1
son, with long, dark whiskers, wore a 1
large, black, broad-brimmed hat, and an
overcoat with a large cape, as worn in
tLe army. The other three were med
lam sised, apparently twenty or thirty
years of age, and wore no whiskers that
he rmeombered. Gallatin Lodge No. 7,
(Masoice) orts a reward of $1,000 for
the apprehension and delivery of the
mauderers.
T. W. (OVER, J. J. CHAMBiERS,
WM. TRACY, G. AUSTIN,
Ek Gtow, Weta 1ald5, Se~ 14, 18g7.
Tai valgar r ,derlg.n of the nmoo of
the Odsr df the Qarst, "vR be to hipl
that evil thiaks," is y erd. Ia
--t them it nme . wee d hoset Jn is'
as io ems to be whdte, is aeS a mae,
t ,s eI tie verb hmmEr, 1o
S!Mm -g 't! hm TLe sýpu
I Isllme -4-4 mi
et tL'-.-Ees esd
ELECTIION MIRTURNS.
Be vereadi County.
[Delegate to Congresa.
Wilbur F. Sander ....... .... .. ..301
James M. Cavanaugh .......... ...297
Council.
Thomas Watson .................. .... 331
Alexander Davis ................... ...293
B. D. Leavitt... .....................299
H. N. Blake........................259
J. A.Simms .............. .......... .... 307
W. W. Johnson ........................289
District A ttorney.
f. J. Stephens ........................... .. 214
Clitus Barbour. ......... ..........256
Sheriff.
Thos II. Gordon ........................293
Geo. P. Batchelder..................288
Clerk and Recorder.
J. HI. Lnrwill ............... .......... 321
8. H. Johnson.................... ...26
Probate Judge.
C. Mead .............................323
T. G. Rounds.......................274
Treasurer.
A. J. Urlin..... .................... 310
T. J. Hoafori ..........................246
County Commissioners.
Frank W. Esler... .....................327
S. W. Batchelder ......................254
Samuel Jag,-ger ..... ........... ..... 270
H. James ................ .... . ....275
L Coroner.
R. C. Moore..........................310
MININ[ G YNATTERS.
THE CHILIAN MILL AND FRInSUIRO BARREL
PROCESS.
A visit to the mill near Summit, now
under the man:gement of Col. A. K. McClure,
gave me great satisfaction. The crushing
machines is of the kind that has been in use
from the er.liest times. It consists of four
Chilian milli, the workmanship of which is of
a superior order. £he crushing wheels are of
iron instead of stone, as in most mills of this
character, and are cast hollow in order that
they may be filled with lead. By this arrange
ment great weight is concentrated in a wheel
of moderate size, and these mills have greater
crushing capacity than any that I have hither
to seen. The capacity of the four mills is
twenty-four tons per day. The amalgama
tion process is conducted in part in these
crushers. From them it pasSas over amalga
mated copper plates, and if the ores are silver
bearing or carry gold in a condition that
renders it difficult to save, the tailings aresub
jected to a further treatment, by the Frieburg
process in the rotating barrels. There are
sixteen of these capable, I believe, of receiv
ing a charge of half a ton each. Salt is used
in the barrel amalgamation process, but in
order to secure its perfect act.on the pulver
1 ised ore should be roasted with the salt be
Tore being introduced into the barrels. This
Sseems to be theonlydeficency in these worjs,
and this can easily be supplied. The fellb
ing is a full statement of the European modes
of conducting amalgamation with this appar
atus for the benefit of all whom it may con
cern :
The barrel proce.s is limited mostly to sil
The barrel process is limited mostly to sil
ver ores, having a large percentage of silver;
but these ores must be comparatively free from
base metals. Ores having more than five per
cent. of lead or over one per cent. of copper
cannot be worked satisfactorily.
The pulverized ore, which should, if possi
ble. be cruhed dry, is mixed with from four
to eight per cent. of common salt, the amount
varying with the proportion of silver present,
and the mixture is subjected to a thorough
roasting in a reverberatory furnace. In order
that the roasting process shall produce its
maximum beneficial effect, the presence of
pyrites is essential, and if the ore itself con
tains little or none, it should be obtained from
other sources an t added to it . One-half ton of
roasted ore is introduced into each barrel, with
about three hundred weight of water and from
seventy-five to one hundred pounds of scrap
iron. The barrels are closed and made to re
volve with a speed of from fifteen to twenty
revolutions per minute for two hours. The
action of the iron scraps upon the saline ele
ments of the roasted ore reduces the perchlo
rides to protochlorides, and prepares the mass
for the introduction of mercury. If the mer
cury should be added before this chamge has
been effected that metal would be in part con
verted into calomel and wouldbe lost. After
the two hours treatment without mercury,
500 pounds of that metal are introduced and
the brrels again set in motion. The reac
tion of mercury, iron and chloride of silver
results in the decomposition of the latter with
the formation of chloride of iron, and a per
fect combination of the silver with mercury.
The temperature of the mass rises considera
bly, owing to the chemical reaction.
After the introduction of the mercury the
rotation of the barrels is kept up from six to
eighteen hours, according to the quality of
the ore.
This is one of the oldest and most success
ful processes of amalgamation, and is pecu
liarly adapted to a class of ores in thisvicinity.
A. K. B.
GENERAL FLEUITY at 73 years of age,
was made Prime aMinister of France un
der Louis XV; he held it for seventeen
years, until his death at 89, and thus his
administration was nearly as long as
that of Richelieu o Masarim. It has
been spoken of as a ingular coincidene
that Voltaire and the Duc de Richelieu,
who were both representatives of their
epoch, began life within two ears of
edch other; that both attained to un
usual loa.lity. In spite of original
weak health, and such restless lives-ia
the one ease of intellectual toll, in the
other of dissipation. Voltaire was born
in 194, Riehelieu in 1784. The Slat
died in 1788, the latter in 1784--ttain
ing respectively the ages of 84 and 92
yemrs. Mamrhal Villars, one of the t
eraln of Louis XIV; died in the Italian
campaiga in 1788, in the reign of Louis
XV, at the advanced age of 88. Wl
chivaons ra was tree to ieali to
the las, o, lhai 88 year, indlghi -
ýifti.n deager slt e AusoadsM, In
eompany with the k of Uaul.as, he
t-.the I· n hs& e
at the ot S.
tispe ,i a

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