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VOL. 9 -- WRITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, MONTANA TERRITORY, APRIL 17 188i __ _ P {I & \ ON A A 1 b .No. 23 I ~_ hasbandfl "" PULBLISIIED EVEIRY THURSDAY. TERMS, - - - $4.00 Per Year. The ROCKY MOUNTAIN HUSBANDMAN is designed to be, as the name indicates, a husbandman in every sense of the term, embracing in its columns every lepartment of Agriculture, Stock-raish.g, lorti culture, Social and Domestic Economy. ADVERTISING RATES. -. . . . . . Iwoek 2 3 5 $7I$ $11$20 $30 2weeks 3 4 7 10 12 15 28 40 Imonth 5 12 15 19 21 , 40 o60 3months 10 16 24 30 36 42 80 120 6 months 18 21 36 45 54 120 200 1 year 30 40 60 75 10 180 250 Transient advertisements pavaule in advance. Regular advertisements payable quarterly. Twenty-five per cent. added for specal advertise ments. Remittances by registered letter, post-office irder or draft at our risk; but not at our expense. Any one falling to receive his paper regularly should notify us promptly by postal curd. A subscriber desiring to change the post-office direction of his paper must communicate to us the name of the post-office to which it has previously been sent, otherwise we may be unable to comply with his request. Sgrinullngal. 7?iRxrc welcome, )joyous, happy, merry springtime. SPEED the plow from purple morn until dusky evening. MUCH of our new land is in excellent con dition for breaking this spring. A BOUNTIFUL harvest almost intvariably succeeds a long snowy winter. Sow a tew acres of peas and grow suffi 'ent hogs for home consumption. - --- - 10 - - IF you want to grow large potatoes., cut ne eye to the piece, and drop two pieces in hill. Sow while tie land is moist, for the grain ill germinate anrd come forth without irri tion. RUTABAGAS may be sown early, but tur Ips. except a few for early use, should not sown until the last of June. THE garden spot should be thoroughly riched with manure. It will not pay to arden except in dry, rich soil. THERE is a better time coning to our rmers,-a better time coming. It is the Iden harvest time. MONTANA gardeners are troubled Aess with eeds than any on earth. They find no ouble in keeping their gardens clean and at. THE stores of snow in the mountains are ell tilled and will furnish an unusual sup of water this season. Farmers may efore calculate on having an abundant ply. WE insist that every village should ap int a day for tree planting. It would be well for every farmer to take a day the same purpose. Nothing will add so ch to the home-like appearance of a 'lutry or village home as a nice grove of es. CORRESPONDENT of the Western Rural s if anybody has grown any good Rus n apples south of the Canadian line! e answer yes. The Russian varie is considered one of the best adapted to r Montana climate. The trees are hardy, nd the winters well and the fruit grows ge and prolific. HIE next meeting of the National Asso tion of Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Flor will be held at Chicago, commencing " 18. This will be a large and impor t meeting, as we have no more enterpris class of citizens, or one to whom the ntry owes more than the nurserymen, dsen and florists. E Published a statement last week to effect that the Welcome oats had been I mined by a friend of ours,who pronounc- I them a very poor variety ot grain for I The objection is a very serious one. Would be glad to have the opinion of I ers who may have examined or used r oats. a Foa growing potatoes the soil should be plowed very deep. The best crops we Ihve seen were grown on new land. that was bloke the season before. It is best to not plant more tllhan two crops in succession on the same land. THE indications now are that Monltana will make more progress in the develop ment ot her mintes this season than she has ever done before. Should this prove true there will be market for two and a half mil lion bushels of oats before the harvest of 1885 is matulred. THE experiments of frait culture in Mon tana have been very expensive, but in every case small fruit has proven a success, and there are but few instanlces where the small fruit orchard has inot returined a sufficient compensation lor all the expense incurred in experimenting with the larger varieties. MONTANA can gr,,w grain and ship it to the ea.stern sea board cheaper than it can be grown either there or a thousand miles further west, yet the indications are that it will he matny years before we will be able to produce a very great surplus, provided our mines make as much proigress each suc ceeding year as they are making this. 'I'HE Germaitowin Telegraph thur informs its readers how to grow onions "' without labor:" Prepare a bed, say sixteen feet square, of proper ferrility, cultivate deep and r..ke it sinoothiaidl htire. Now, lay on a board aibout ,lne foot wide at one side of HEREF RD C W "KTTY. Property ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ofM7o ereBo.RrlGe am lnoo.Il Ou e.stn nth n: ndM= wn. . your bed, stand on the board and place your sets close to the edge, say four inches apart, the entire length of the board. Now lay down another board one and a halt inches from the other, place your sets as before, and proceed thus until the bed is completed. Leave on the boards until the onions have matured. Thus you will have a nice bed of onions without labor, save the preparing of the bed and placing of the sets. DAvin W. KING, of Cayuga county, New York, states that he found the following mode of management best in setting out new plantations of strawberry: He begins one year before setting, and spreads twenty five or tlhirty loads of manure to the acre in the fall, and plants corn or potatoes the next spring. These are thoroughly culti vated the season through to keep down all weeds. The strawberries when planted are kept scrupulously clean, and additionally enriched with ashes, phosphate, or liquid manure. Care is required in using straw for mulching to have it entirely free from weeds. BARBED WIRE FENCE DEFENDED. You touch upon a very important and timely topic in your issue of March 13th, in what you have to say in regard to " danger from Barbed wire." 1 am sure this danger has been greatly over-estimated. This is a large country and accidents are numerous. This was well illustrated by the pamphlets published some years ago by two rival reaper manufacturers. One manufactured I a " front cut" and the other a "rear cut." e The former gleaned fron the papers pub P lished from Dan to Beersheba the accounts s of accidents resulting from the use of rear (t t machines. The harrowing array of nc cidents was truly startling, and the firm seemetl justified in their assertion that in view of the frequency of these accidents, rear-cut machines should not be used. Tihen the rival firm gleaned the newspapers for accounts of accidents resulting from the use of wagons, and presented such a formid able catalogue of injuries and deaths, that the use of wagons was apparently forever condemned. It is so with barbed wire. Not a single case have I heardl of where it had inflict ed intjury upon stock but that the in ii jury was due to tile gross carelessness of the farmner. And the accidents resulting from any cause, immediate or rem.ite, in which barbedl wire is (' n'erned, are ilmuchi fewer than is generally ltiupposed. I quite frequently hear men inveigling against harbed wire on account (of it, dallgers, and in nine cases out of ten n he n I ask them it they have ever known ol ant animal being injured by it, they are fo'rced to answer in the negative. I have known of two animals being injured, one slightly and one serious ly, in the county where I reside,. but in the same time I have known of m6re damage beilg done by hedges, twice as much by rail lences, and ftlly twelve times as much by dogs. I doubt if one-fourth of my read ers have ever known of a single animal be. ing injured by barbed wire. We tested barbed wire fencing for two Jears and were so well pleased with it that we are now using it almost exclusively upon our farms. Our faith in it is shown by our work--we put up several miles of it last spring and expect to put up at least a thousand rods this spring. We find that it is a cheap fence to start with-cheaper than rails or boards and that it requires lese attention afterward than either board, rail or hedge fence; is stronger than any of these three, and more durable than rail or board fence. But these are the least advantages of its use. A Virginia rail fence occupies a strip of land eight teet wide, or one acre for every mile. The use of this land is lost,and more, for the fence corners produce weeds, which must be frequently cut down or else allowed to grow to do greater damage. A fedge occupies even more land than a rail fence, for its roots spread tor twenty feet on either side, anti it is a gross feeder, while it harbors both weeds and animal pests. Barbed wire fencing occupies but very little ground, the I needs along it are easily kept down, and it I affords no retreat for small animals; nor does it blow down in our prairie zephyrs, I as do board and rail fences. The plans you suggest to warn stock away ;.re good. We have no cobble stones here it the West, bht on our level land we can ditch in safety. And let me say here that warning stock is not the only advant age of ditching and banking. The bank saves one strand of wire, and the ditch f drains the water from the posts, preserving a them much longer. But the best plan of all t and one which we have tried with eminent a success, Is to make stock acquainted with the fence. Lead the horses around the new fence, stopping frequently to allow them to investigate the novelty. They will -mell of the wire and get their noses jagged on the barbs, and by the time they have gone the length of the fence, they will know to their cost that there are wires between the posts, and that they are not to be fooled with. The horse is an animal of intelli gence and good memory. and will not for get that the wires are there. Fifteen min utes' investigation will familiarize him with the fence, and he will never run against it or attempt to jump over it unless tear drives out all other mental operations. Cattle, hogs and sheep are rarely injured by barbed wire, but they should be driven around the fence that they may know it is there and what it ie like. This done, they way be left in the field in perfect safety. I have heard it recommended that scrap tin be cut into three cornered pieces, and one corner be twisted around the top strand, the tin pieces giving warning of the fence. This I believe to be a good idea, though I have never test ed it, as I never had occasion to do so. We have quit using all wire for fences. To make a fence ' pig tight and horse high,' all of wire requires posts not more than eight feet apart and eight strands of wire. This is too expensive; such a fence here costs us 0435 per mile. or at the rate of $1.35 per rod. We are now building a com birnation fence altogether-two boards below and three stramlds of wire above. We put º" - -~ ithe posts sixteen feet apart, with short posts betweenl to which to nail the boards. Old posts which have rotted off in the groundlt are used for the short posts. Wr set the posts at least two feet deep, and then plow on either side. throwing the earth itward the posts, Ill we have a ridge and two ditelhes. 'lleln we plt on the boards and wires. Such a fence costs us $300 pler mile. 'This includes all materials, hauling and building. We use the best galvanized wire, with barbs three inches apart. This wire is heavier than ordinarily used.a strand a mile long weighing from 360 to 375 ibs. With a little practice the wire can he stretch ed and stapled very rapidly. The end posts must be well braced, or the wire will draw them out of plumb. This is the Qeason when farmers are pre paring to .enew their fences. I can assure them as the reault of wide observation and no small experience, and alter testing Vir ginia rail, po.st and rail, post and board and Osage orange hedge for fences, that they can find nothing better, all in all, than barbed wire. Antid when the monopoly of its manufacture is completely ended, as I think it will before two more years have gone, the material will be so very cheap that it will fast become the uni versal farm fence.-Cor. Country Gentleman. -- - T-----1--- - PLANTING WHEAT. A Frenchman experimented on the depth for planting wheat. He made thirteen beds and planted 150 grains in each, at depths beginning at seven inches, decreasing to the I surface. In the seven-inch bed, five grains Wh out of 150 germinated. They gave fifty w three heads with 682 grains. This return in kept on increasing for each bed as it de Ili creased in depth at which the seeds were m planted. At 3j inches deep, ninety-three e seeds sprouted, with 092 heads, yielding to 18,534 grains; 142 seeds sprouted at 1 inch le es. growing 1,660 heads and 35,816 grains. d At the one-half inch depth, sixty-four grains 1- sprouted, growing 529 beads and 15,587 r- grains. On the surface only twenty ger m- minated, yielding 1,600 grains. As a gener ;h al rule, taking all soils into consideration, a it one-inch covering is sufficient, more or less es than that not paying so well. But the diffi e, culty is in securing a uniform depth of cov ed ering. It is, no doubt, better to be one inch ie more than a half-inch less: therefore, the d sower should aim to cover no less nor more it than two inches. This can be accomplished d with tolerable certainty when any of the -o improved grain drills are used, but not in )e sowing broadcast.-Farm and Home Cyclo 's pedia. te 04k1 Ua 4d DISH WASHING. n - Though many do not find "pearls in dish e water," yet we know that some do find t pleasure in dish-washing. When my little "maid-of-all-work" come to make her home v with me, she had much to learn, and, like t most girls. had no particular love for the above-mentioned duty. 1 told her, however, that if she would follow my directions im plicitly, in less thon a month she would love the work which then seemed so dis tasteful. As the modus operandi might ben efit others, I will give it, believing that every duty pertaining to the housekeeper may be made pleasant, if set about in the right manner. In the first place, all milk dishes should be thoroughly cleansed and scalded. This being attended to at once, their room give more room, and the same water is useful for soaking the cooking utensils, pots, pans, etc., etc. Next, place on the stove a large tin dish-pan containing soap, or pearline and water, into which slip the plates as the table is cleared; then gath. er all knives, spoons and forks. These should be washed and polished before (om mencng on the dishes. Now remove to the table and wash from the water containing soap with a clean, clear water, from which stand perpendicularly to drain in a large tray, remembering always to use in wash ing a tooth-brush (kept for the purpose), about all handles, and cut glass-ware. We find the tray a great advantage, it so great ly focilitates the work of drying. After each place has found its appropriate niche in the closet or pantry, we turn our atten tion to the pots and kettles, when lo! a few vigorous scrapes with a broad oyster shell removes the loosened particles, and after one more wash in the water with which we have rinsed our ciyp towels, the dreaded dish-washing is over.-Ex. L Advocate Jumbles.-One cup of butter, two cups of sugar, one cup of good rich milk, r four eggs, one teaspoonful of baking pow der, heaped, a little grated nutmeg and flour to roll. Dust with white of egg and sift sugar over before baking. Tilden Cake.--Oe cupful of butter, 2 of sugar, I of sweet milk, 3 of flour. . cupful of cornstarch, 4 eggs, 2 teaspoonfuls of bak ing powder, and 2 of lemon extract. This is so excellent that a "bar'l" would not be too much of it. Rusl.--Two teacupfuls of raised bread dough, 1 teacupf-l of sugar, J cupful of but ter, 2 well-beaten eggs, and flour enough to make a stiff dough. Set it to rise, and when light, mould into high biscuit and let rise again. Sift cinnamon and sugar over the top and place in the oven. Orange Pudctiug.-Mix together a quarter of a pouind each of sugar, bread crumbs and chopped suet ; add the grated peel of one Saville orange and the juice of two large ones; stir In an egg, a pinch of baking powder, and enough milk to make a light paste. Boil in a basin one hour and a quar ter. Serve with sweet sauce. Pop Robin.-Take one pound of flour and add new milk, a little at a time, stir it con tinually with the hand until the flour Is evenly mixed into small lunps; be careful not to add too much milk. Put a sufficient quantity of new milk in a stew-pan, when nearly boiling stir in the "lumped flour," a little at a time, stirring until all is added; boil from five to ten minutes, then add salt. To be eaten with cream and sugar.