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LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE. 'The DEMOOrAT is responsible for none of thviews expressed in the cotnmunicatons nder this heaed; but no tonmmiunhkiitihn will Ie printed except from responsible parties.i TIHE AUXILIARY ..4NITARY ASSOCIA. 'T'ION. Its Work and iti stelatlons to soclety. To the Editor of Ih- Dremocrat: As soon as theO Auxiliary Sanitary Associa tion organlize'd it was clearly evident that, however neutral and purely auxiliary might be the spirit of the great majority of worthy cltizens found in it, there was a managing element who were largely actuated by hostil ity to both the city authorities and the Board of Health. Of course every good citizen, al though believing this, would be slow to admit it, as both pride and interest are involved. But the T'imes editorially flaunts the disagreeable (may I not say disreputable?) fact before the world, and the door is thus not only thrown .widely open for comment, but it is the duty of men to comment. It is hard to imagine a reconciliation of the two adjectives, auxiliary and hostile, yet we are bound to try to do It if we think any good can come of it. I do not tihink good can come, therefore I do not attempt the reconcillation. We must view the situation from a comnluon sense point of view, and when we do that the prospect is gloomy. We have, first, tie legally organized City Council to look after sanitary matters incl cideutally; second, the legally organized State Board of l1eal to do the same thing primarily; and these two organizations are required by law to co-operate, and they do so. The Council is composed of the elected servants of the people; the Board of Health is composed of the appointees of the Governor of the Mtate and the City Council, under the law. The gen tlemen composing the latter, lay and profes slonal, are no better than the best of their fellow-citizens, but they are as good, and they cannot be successfully impeached, in motive, zeal or ability. Their officers are men of whom any civilized community may be eye, should be-proud. Their president is of us in birth, education and continued resi dence, and has lent himself with unusual zeal to the amelioration or obliteration of our san itary troubles. Their secretary has not only lived long among us, and endeared himself to the community, but his professional brethren know that he is a man, by nature and study, singularly adapted to the peculiar functions of his position. "So far, so good." But is there anything in detail aimed at, in strict relation to sanitary matters, by the Auxiliary Association that is not also aimed at by the City Council and Board of Health ? I undertake to say not one thing. As I have said in a previous article, the Auxiliary Association has clearly defined its sanitary points, viz: 1. Filling Locust Grove Cemeteries: 2. Flushing the gutters; 3. Making householders clean their own gut ters; 4. Cleaning streets; 5. Cleaning privies; "6. Preventing certain intermnural nterments. Now, the Board of lHedth have concluded that the expense in filling the cemeteries is money thrown away. 1 think I have demon strated this, and a little time antid calm thought will make many a member of the Auxiliary Association think so too. They have only to recolltct that &t the very timei when Dr. liolt took his notes, anti when the condition of the celneteries was worst (1877), that we had no yellow fever, anti ordilnary candor will make them concede stomnething to the sagacity of the Board of Health. As to flushing the gutters, theme has never been a day sirce the Pr, sideint f the Board of Health has been in oflice that he has not rung this point on the autihoritles tof the city and State, and begged for thie mueans to a(lopt the measure. The Association can't steal this thunder fro.m the Board, and if they are really "auxiliary' their functions would be to fur nish to the board the sinews of war. That the board have in like manner worked for the cleansing of gutters in general can not be disputed, though I have not found that they advocate the impolicy and gross injus tice of imposing this task on householders. Common sense will indicate that it is easier to control a limited number of skilled labor ers assigned to this business than an army of householders whose duty it is not, and whose servants will object. And it is an outrage to tax a people for this purpose and then oblige them to do the work. I do not know, but I suppose that while the board are for cleaning the gutters, they can very properly and re putably object to the plan of the association. As to the matter of cleaning privies, I do know that it has been a hobby (if I may be allowed to say so) of the boarl, and to the president we are indebted for the introduc tion (I mean the just and proper introduc tion) of improved methods of this work. He did not lendt his official strength to the main tenance of a previously established motiopoly of this business, but he widely established the business while he broke down the mon MptIe. Asto-ta mat-tr of intermiiral intermente I have every rea.uon to believe that the board has given the subject due consideration; but prohibition of this practice is accompanied by such overwhelming doubts ot its ellicacy that the board has very properly restrained itself from an exhaustive race after the shadow, while neglecting that which looks something more like the substance of proven tion. It is a notabbl fact that the Auxiliary Asso ciation does not touch the subject of quaran tine, and 1 can only account hr this on the ground that it is a point on which the Board of Health lays great stress. Certain it is that the Timea is down on quarantineh and the board; the Times has opt'nly declared the hostility of the ass.tiattion to t ih board, and the latter has not denied it. More, the Ger man paper here has even been uIngrIIacious and prejudiced enough to editoalrly declare the president of the Board of llealth ita mono maniac on the subject of qularantinel, alnd the editor of that paper is a lprominnent actor in the Auxiliary (!) Association. And yet how incounsist.lint is the associa tion ' To shut up Insensate No)rthern clamor about the cemeteries it is prolligaite in strew ing sand over them, and yet it m,)oves not a muscle, nor offers a dollar, ill aid of that, which the whole country, as well as thl mass of this petople demands-viz: a thorough test of quarantine. But come down to what in the phrastology of the day is called "hard pan." Is the Auxiliary Association candid and practical ? I say no- emphatically no. Is the Bard of Health honest, intelligent and zealous? Not a man in the colinuulity call dertly it. Have I not shown that their efforts have been and are directed in tte saine channels as are those of the Auxiliary Asso ciation, anti that they are extended to inc:lude the great subject of quarantine? Yes. Ttren, pray tell me wliatealthly use can the asso ciation have for paid otlicers? If they desire to assisit the board, there are both president and secretary ready, competent and trust worthy. Beyond a pradtenture, every dol lar furnished in the way of assistance would be faithfully spent, as agreed on by the board and the association; and so with regard to the city authorities. It the board and city authorities have selected thtir employees of of every kind, from sanitary officers down, why shall the association duplicate them? Why shall money of the people be thus use lessly expended? All this, of course, presum ing that the association is "au.ciliary." In all probability I will be answered. But all this is the business of the assoclation; the money is ours, and You haveno ri ghit to dictate how it shall be rtent." This '- , y natural reply of as aerations \t is, never theless, al tiether subscribed to the community, and tate the mode of Its expenditure. If a bank contributes, as we do, $1000, let the association remember that this money is not the prop.+rty of the bank, but that of the stockholders, who are individual members of society. 1' say the Auxiliary Associ tlion set out by assuming a title and asserting objects alto gether assistant, co-operative. An auxilliary Is "an assistant, a helper, a c,nfederate." The apssocation proclaimed that t hey dlesired to help the City Oouncil I and the Ioard of Hetalth, and they have appealed to all the cornmunity for the means of so doinc,. They did not an nounce to the people that the Council and the board were adopting wrongr metholds and squandering their means. They did not pro claim that they had discovered b, tter mnutihods, or that they could be better trusted with the money of the people. On the contrary, they invited the Council and 'the board to mnet them and confer with theli, that all mnight work togerher-I lie association being aurilarrl. I argue, then, that a paid medical oilRer at the head of the Auxiliary Association is not only a fifth wheel to a coach, an Impediment, but it is a violation of the spirit of the appeal to the pockets of the people. In plain Eng lish, it is a positive wrong. And so with re gard to every paid oili'erof the concern. The function of the association, as proclaimed, is ai.HnitanUt -not distinct and independent as to oiganli/ uthon, objects or action. When they pay double heads of depaltments and buy Iuggles for therm with the money begged they violate their obligations. lPatve this people-have the Auxiliary As seciation- -ever thought of what the peculiar, tihe trying functions of a president of the Board of Health are where that officer is a competent, educated, incorruptible gentle man In contradistinction to the mere ofilce holding tool of a political party ? Let us re cur to the past year and we may get an inkling. Fromn 1807 to 1878 there had been no wide spread epidemic of yellow fever in New Or leans; but in several summers of that.inter val there had been local inflictions of the disease, as once, in a narrow district stretch ing across from the river to Congo Square, and several times in a part of the Fourth District bounded---say, by the river, Washing ton, Magazine and Josephine streets. In these years the first carbolic acid experiments were tried. Somebody away from New Orleans reported that yellow fever had been "stamped out" by carbolic acid, and the ex isting Board of Health picked up the idea. Yellow fever, true to its history, in those years, prevailed locally, but the acid had been used, ergo, said the short-sighted philosophers, carbolic acid dlid it. In flaming reports the Board of Health announced that it had "stamped out" the disease.i Unfortunately this thing occurred, as we have seen, several seasons, and the people were educated to believe that carbolic acid was our anchor. While the "stamping out" experiments were going on I rode and walked Into the infected districts. I satielied myself of the utter fallacy of the whole theory; I saw the disease marching from door to door in spite of carbolic acid, but there was no use in arguing, The Board of Health were the dupes of the post hoc, ergo propter hoc philosophy, and what could you expect of the people who swallowed their so-called facts. But yellow fever appeared In 1878. What was the new Board of Health to do--try car bolic acid or not try it? Fortunately for science the board was not as skeptical as I was. Indeed they believed that yellow fever had been "stampin ed out" and they went to stapin utg. I closely watched the process, and I undertake to say they did the work more thorougly than it had ever before been done here. But yellow fever marched on. All of us know how the disease thickened and how persistently cat holic acid was used, until denunciation of both acid and board was in every man's mouth. Now look. Suppose that board had been as skeptical as I was; suppose it had closely Investigated and satislied itself, as I did, that the "facts" of "stamplng out" were scientific falsehloode-conclusions of short sighted philosopherse-and supposFe it had said: "Carileic acid is preservative rather than preventive or destructive, and we refuse to use it;" and then suppose the epidemic! Does anybody believe the president anti his board could have found a rousting place in New Orleans? Would their necks have beeni safe here? So much for illustration, and it is only one phase of the trouble that surrounds thenm. Capacity, gentility, knowledge, social stand ing, integrity, zeal, self-sacrifice--all and more go for nothing before the insensate howl of would-be reformers. The wonderful intri cacies and secrets with which God in his establishment of law has surrounded the his toryl of dlsease-catises are as clear as noon day to him who has never thought over them, and only obscure to the modest student! Wherefore shall we think? It is all In the gutters, cemeteries and privies. Cover them up, flush them out-et voila tout ! Poor, vain humanity! It strives to forget everything and to learn nothing. It you tell the association that there are mountains of evidence to teach us that yellow fever has no more relation to filth than has influenza, they will still "harp upon my daughter." One more point: The latest phase of "aux iliary" effort is the demand on the Governor by the association to remove Dr. Carrington from the Mississippi river quarantine ground. Let us look at the matter dispassionately. 1. The condition of things which resulted in Dr. Carrington's being placed in that posi tion was the gravest imaginable. It was demonstrated that an honest man must be in charge of the station. 2. Let us admit, for the sake of argument, that I)r. U. was not thoroughly familiar with yellow fever when on duty, and that he did, possibly, let the disease slip through. 3. Now things are changed. Dr. C. has been proven to tbe honest (incorruptible) and unremitting service has litted him for his duties. Shall I go on and argue the case ? No. If I were Governor I would decline to remove Dr. Carrington under any popular clamor. Iie is now "the right man in the right place." .. MOetE ANON. THE JUDICIARY. To the Editor of the Democrat: Several of my brother lawyers have ex pressed their views as to the reforms to be introduced in the judiciary system of our btate. The press itself has largely discussed the subject. The New Orleans Bee, in parti cular, which is edited by a Fiench lawyer of distinction, has made very able suggestions' With the help of all those excellent remarks, after a careful review of the judiciary system of other countries and of the good or evil with which they have been attended in prac tice, I have drawn up for the department of justice a complete plan, which I respectfully submit to the members of the convention. But in so doing I do not fancy that I have done much. There are, of course, some few suggestions of my own; but beyond those I have simply collected the materials and reared the fabric. I have no other merit. I do not propose to comment upon the dif ferent reforms suggested by my plan. It speaks for itself. But if it be the desire of your valuable paper to have my reasons I will, in a series of communications, develop my ideas, and show conclusively that the plan will work well; that it will secure expe dition of business, attain the ends of justice and save to the State nearly $200,000. I wish, however, in the present communica tion, to make two remarks. First, I desire to be well understood. In proposing changes to the convention I am providing for the future only. I do not mean to interfere with the present incumbents, who have generally given satisfaction as judges and as clerks. I earnestly hope that they will be allowed to remain in office until the expiration of their term; and even then I would be happy to learn that they have been appointed under the new system. Next, as to the reduction in the salaries of judges. Of course, a distinction must be' drawn. Temporary judges ought to have a large salary. Permanent judges ought to content themselves with a reasonable com pensation. The greatestlerror which a lawyer of learning can commit is to accept a judge ship for four years. He loses his practice, and many years must pass before he can build up a new one. If the convention adheres to the present system, let also the present sala rles be maintained. But, if the new tenure of office-the tenure ,of office for life or during good behavior-be adopted, then I say that $4000 for the judges of the Supreme Court, $3000 for the judges of the pariah courts are very handsome salaries, since they are equivalent to an unfailing income of a large estate exempt from taxation. I offer no apology for presenting my plan. I think that when a question of such vital hu portance) Is about to be agitated in the State convention, it is the duty of every citizen to speak, especially when twenty-five years of experience as a lawyer (eight of which he has spent on the bench) may give some weight to his remarks. Respectfully, I'AUL, E. TIIEARD. The Judiciary Dilrpyment. ARTrCLE -. The judicial power shall be vested in a Supreme Court, in parish courts, in city courts and in municipal or recorders' courts, ART. -. The Suprem(e Curt shall have ap pelate jurisdiction on questions of law only: First, in all civil cases when the matter In dispute shall exceed $500; second, in all cases in which the constitutionality or legality of any tax, toll or impost of any kind or nature whatsoever, or any fline, forfeiture or penalty imposed by a municipal corporation shall be in contestation; third, in criminal cases, whenever the punishment of death or impris onment at hard labor, or a fine exceeding $500 is actually imposed. ART. -. The Supreme Court shall be com posed of one chief justice and five associate justices, three of whom shall constitute a quorum. They shall receive a salary of $4000 annually, payable on their own warrants. They shall appoint their own clerks. The court may, for the hearing of cases, divide it self into two sections of three judges each sitting on alternate weeks, but no decision shall be rendered without the concurrence of at least four judges. The chief justice shall preside over one section, and the senior asso clate justice over the other. Whenever the majority cannot concur, in consequence of the recusation of one or more members of the court, then the court shall call upon one or more of the parish judges to aid in determin ing the case; and when the judges shall be equally divided in opinion, the judgment ap pealed from shall stand affirmed. ART. --. The Supreme Court shall hold its sessions in the city of New Orleans from the first Monday in November to the end of May. At the town of Monroe its sessions shall com mence on the first Monday in June, and at the town of Opelousas its sessions shall commence on the first Monday in J.1 ly. All appeals shall be returned to the Supreme Court as now pro vided by law. ART. -. For each parish of this State (the parish of Orleans excepted) there shall be one parish court, to be known as the Parish Court for the parish of ----. Said court shall be composed of one presiding judge and two associate judges, two of whom shall form a quolum, and ,hall possess criminal, probate and civil jurisdiction over all matters and over all persons residing within said parish. They shall decide finally both on questions of fact and of law in all c Luses where the sum in dis pute does not exceed $500, and in all matters exceeding that amount they shall decide finally on the questions of fact, reserving to the party cast his right of appeal to the Su preme Court on tie questions of law, as pro vided il the article treating of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. AhiT. -. For the parish of Orleans there shall be: 1. One court, with exclusive criminal jurls diction, to be known as the Criminal Court for the parish of Orleans, which court shall pos sess the jurisdiction now, vested in the Superior Criminal Court and the First Dis trict Court for the parish of Orleans. Said court shall be composed of one presiding judge and two associate judges, two of whom shall constitute a quorum, with an annual salary of $3000 each, payable monthly by the State. on their own warrants. The salaries of the clerks and the other expenses of said court shall be borne by the city of New Orleans. 2. One court, with exclusive probate juris diction, to be known as the Probate Court for the parish of Orleans; said court shall pos sess the same jurisdiction as is now vested in the Second District Court for the parish of Orleans. 3. Fourt courts, with exclusive and concur rent civil jurisdiction in all matters where the amount in dispute exceeds one hundred dollars, exclusive of interest, to be known as the First, Second, I hird and Fourth Civil Courts for the parish of Orleans, which courts shall possess the same jurisdiction as is now vested in the Third (except appel late), Fourth, Fifth and Sixth District Courts for the parish of Orleans. The aforesaid probate court and civil courts shall each be composed of one pre siding judge and two associate judges, two of whom shall constitute a quorum. They shrll deckle finally on the facts and on the law in cases not exceeding $500, and, above that amount, they shall decite finally on the facts, reserving to the party cast his right of appeal on the law, as specified in the article treattlng of the jurisdiction of tile Supreme Court. 4. Two city courts, with exclusive civil jurisdiction in all matters where the amount in dispute does not exceed $100, exclusive of interest, to be known as the First and Second tity Courts for the paribh of Orleans, which courts shall be composed of one presidina judyie and two associate judges, who shall receive for their compensation the fees now allowed to justices of the peace, and who shall possess the same jurisdiction as is now vested in the justices' courts for the parish of Orleans. The First City Court shall be located above Canal street, and the Second City Court below Canal street, but their juris diction shall extend to all parts of the parish. ART. -. No one shall be appointed to the bench unless he be a citizen of this State, a duly licensed attorney-at-law, and he possess, besides, the following qualifications: The judges of the Supreme Court shall be at least thirty years of age, and shall have practiced law live years prior to their appointment; the parish judges shall be at least twenty-five years of age, and shall have practiced law two years prior to their appointment; the city court judges shall be at least twenty-one years of age. No one above the age of sixty years complete shall be appointed to any court. Vacancies on the Supreme Bench shall he filled by preference from the parish judges. Vacancies in the parish courts for the parish of Orleans shall be filled by preference from the city court judges. ART. -. All judges shall be appointed by the Governor, with the consent of a majority of the Senators present, and shall remain in office during good be havior. They may be impeached for crimes and misdemeano:s; and for men tal or physical disability, or any other rea sonable cause, the Governor shall remove any of them on the address of the Legislature. After the age of seventy years complete they shall be entitled to their retirement, and, upon proof of twenty years of service, shall fur ther be entitled each to an annual pension of $1200, to be paid by the State on their own warrants. ART. -. The parish courts throughout the State shall hold daily sessions for the trial of cases and all incidental and interlocutory orders, from the first of November to the end of June, excepting legal holidays. And for the granting of interlocutory orders, writs of arrest, habeas corvus, injunctions, seQuestra tions, attachments, mandamus, and pro visional seizure, or a motion to quash, and for trying proceedings instituted by a land lord for the possession of premises, they shall remain open on all legal days during the whole year. Every order shall be signed by the pre sillhg judge, and all process of court shall issue in the name of said presiding judge. ART. -. Each and every court shall appoint its own clerk, stenographer and deputy clerks, determine their duties and fix their emoluments; and those officers shall not be removed by the court, unless fcr in coin petency or breach of good behavior. ART. -. The palish judges throughout the State shall receive an annual salary of $3000, payable out of the fees earned by thei.: re spective courts (excepting the judges of the criminal court for the parish of Orleans, for whom it is otherwise provided), and in case of insufficiency, by the State, out of the gen eral fund. ART. -. The clerk of each parish court throughout the State (the criminal court for the parish of Orleans excepted) shall pay into the State treasury all the fees earned by said court in excess of the amount necessary to pay the judges' and clerks' salaries, and all other expenses of said court; in case of deficit the State, at the end of each fiseal year, shall make up the same out of the general fund. ART. --. All judges, by virture of their office, shall be conservators of the peace throughout the State. The style of all pro cesses shall be "The State of Louisiana." All prosecutions shall be carried on in the name and by the authority of the State of Louisiana, and conclude "against the peace and dignity of the same." ART. -. Writs of habeas corpus shall be is sued by parish courts only. ArrT.--. The decisions of the courts of first instance shall be oral in unappealable cases; but in appealable cases, the judges shall either write their reasons and the facts found by them, or dictate them to the stenographer. In all cases they shall refer to the law or rea son, of equity, when there is no law, on which their judgment is founded. The decisions of the Supreme Court sh ill be written. ART. --. No duties or functions shall ever be attached by law to the supreme or parish courts, or the several judges thereof, but such as are judicial; and the said judges are prohibited from receiving any fees of office, or other compensation than their salaries, for any official duties performed by them. ART. --. In any case when the juIdge of a parish court may be recused, and when he is not personally interested in the matters in contestation, he shall select a lawyer, having the qualifications required for a judge of his court, to aid in trying such case. And when the judge is personally interested in the suit, lie shall call upon another parish judge to aid in trying the case. ART. -. The Incorporated cities and towns of this State shall have power to establish municipal or recorders' courts, at their own expense, with police jurisdiction only. ART. --. The Legislature shall regulate by law the trial of civil cases before a jury, and in such cases the verdict rendered by a ma jority of two-thirds of the jury shall bebind ing. ART. -. There shall be an attorney general for the State, who shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State at large. He shall receive a salary of $5000 per annum payable monthly, on his ,,wn warrant, and shall hold his office for eight years. ART. -. There shall be a parish attorney for each parish, who shall be an attorney-at law practicing in said parish, and who shall represent the State in criminal prosecutions. He shall be appointed by the Govcrnor, upon the recommendation and advice of the Attor ney General, and with the approbation of a majority of the Senators present. He shall receive a' salary of $600 per annum, payable quarterly on his own warrant, anti shall hold his office for eight years. But he may be re moved by the Governor, upon the advice of the Attorney General, for causes which they may deem reasonable. In the parish of Or leans said attorney shall receive a yearly salary of $3000, payable by the city of New Orleans. ART. -. There shall be a sheriff and a coro ner elected by tett qualflled electors of each parish, except the parish of Orleans. In the parish of Orleans there shall be elected by the qualified electors of the parish at large, one sheriff for the criminal court, who shall be the executive oflicer of said court, and shall have charge of the parish prison. There shall also be elected by the qualified electors of the parish at large, one sheriff, who shall be the executive officer of the pro bate and civil courts, and who shall erform all other duties heretofore devolv ing upon the sheriff of the par ish of Orleans, except those herein dele gated to the sheriff of the criminal court. The qualified electors of the city of New Or leans residing above the middle of Canal street shall elect one coroner for that district, and one constable, who shall be the executive officer of the first city court; and the qualified electors of the city of New Orleans residing below the middle of Canal street, together with those residing in that part of the parish known as Orleans, right bank, shall elect one coroner for that district, and one constable who shall be the executive officer of the second city court. All of said officers shall hold their oflee for your years, and receive such foes of office ais may be prescribed by law. TIlE JUDICIAL SYSTEM. , NEW OIRLEANs, April 18, 1879. To the Editor of the Democrat: To complete the projet of a judicial system, so far as this parish is concerned, 1 beg leave to submit, through your columns, for ex amination and discussion, a plan for the in ferior tribunals and shrievalties of this par ish, which, if not itself acceptable, may at least furnish suggestions that may prove serviceable. Very respectfully, FIANK MCGLOIN. ART. -. For the parish of Orleans there shall be two district courts and no more. One of said courts shall be known as the Civil Dis trict Court for the parish of Orleans, and the other as the Criminal District Court for the parish of Orleans. The former shall consist of not less than live judges, learned in the law, aged at least thirty-one years, who shall have in this State practiced law or held judicial position for at least ten years next preceding their appointment, and . ho shall be citizens of the State, and residents and voters of the city of New Orleans. One of their number shta-l be chief and the others associate judges of said court. The chief judge shall receive $5000, and each associate judge $4500 ver an num, payable upon their own warrants. The chief judges shall be appointed and selected as provided in this constitution for the ap pointment and seleltion of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Said court shall have exclusive civil jurisdiction in all causes where the amount in dispute or to be disputed ex ceeds $100, interest iincluded. All causes pre sented to said court shall be assigned by the chief judge, amongst himself and associates, for trial, and each judge, or his successor, shall have exclusive control over every cause so assigned to him, from its inception to its final determination. ART. -. Should the necessities of the parish of Orleans demand, the Legislature, by a two thirds vote of the members elect, may in crease the number of judges, not, however, to exceed nine judges in all; nor shall there be an increase of more than one during any sin gle session; any extra session, if one be held, being considered the same as the regular ses sion for the purposes of this article. ART. -. The criminal district court for the parish of Orleans shall consist of two judges, possessing the qualifications required for judges of the civil district court, and receive salaries as accorded the associate judges of said court. Its jurisdiction shall extend ex clusively to all offenses under the penal statutes of the State. ART. -. Criminal prosecutions shall be by indictment and information, and all prosecu tions instituted in said court shall be equally apportioned between said judges monthly, by lot. Each judge, or his successor, shall have exclusive control ove r every cause falling to him, from its inception to its final determina tion. ART. -. Should necessity arise the Legisla ture, by a vote of two-thirds of the members elect, may increase the number of said judges, not to exceed four; provided, that such in crease shall be by single additions, and not nearer together than two years. ART. -. The Legislature may provide for police or magistrates' courts, but such courts shall not be vested with jurisdiction beyond the enforcement of municipal ordinances, or as committing magistrates. ART. -. The civil district court for the parish of Orleans shall select a solvent bank of the city of New Orleans as a judicial de pository. Therein shall be deposited all moneys, notes, bonds, securities, jewelry, precious stones, or other articles of value, but of small bulk (except such notes or docu ments as may be tiled with suits, or in evi dence, which shall be kept by the clerk of court), so soon as the same shall come into the hands of any sheriff, administrator, executor, tutor, curator, syndic, receiver, liquidator, or other officer acting under judicial authority in said parish. Such deposits shall be re movable, in whole or in part, only upon order of the clerk of the court, approvedlby the judge before whom the matter, with which such deposits are connected, may be pending. Be fore any banktshall be so selected, the presi dent and each of the board of directors, true tees or managers, shall swear to speelic statement, to be filed in the court, that said hank is undoubtitly solvent and beyond danger or suspicion. The president shall monthly present a sworn declaration that it contiues in a similarly solvent condtitlon. Should such bank, while it is such depository, fall into an embarrassed or precarious condi tion, it shall be the duty of the president and of each director, trustro or manager, to ap prise the court of the fact in time to withdraw all such deposits. Any false swearing, under the provisions of this article, shall be held as perjury, and be punishable as such. The Legislature shall, at its ihst session after this constitution goes Into force, enact laws pul-hling violations of the duties imposed by this article. A failure to -lye notice of ap proaching danger to the deposits, directed by this article,, shall render the president and each of the directors, trustees or managers of said bank at the time of failure, and at the time such danger arose, liable zn solido for the amount and value of such deposits. ART. -. There shall be a civil and a crimi nal sheriff for the parish of Orleans. They shall be the executive offlicers respectively of all the civil courts, inferior and appellate, sit ting in said parish, and of the criminal dis trict .court. They shall attend the sittings, execute the writs and mandates, each of his own court. Each sheriff shall give bond, secured by first mortgage upon unencumbered property of sumficient value to secure all parties in interest, for the lawful and faithful performance of the duties of their respective offices; the said civil sheriff in the sum of $25,000, and said criminal sheriff in the sum of $15,000. The bonds shall be taken and ex amined as provided in the constitution for the examination and acceptance of the bond of the clerk of court in the said parish of Orleans. ART. -. The said civil sheriff shall receive a salary of $7500, and said criminal sheriff $5000 per annum, payable quarterly, upon their own warrants. They shall be elected by the voters of the parish of Orleans every eight years. They shall be citizens of the State, residents and voters of the city of New Orleans, at least twenty-five years of age, and shall be removable each by the district court for the parish of Orleans:of which he is the ex ecutive officer, upon proof, after fair trial without jury, of gross or continued neglect, Incompetency or willful conduct clearly vio lative of law, operating Injury to the court or any individual. The two district courts for the parish of Orleans shall, immediately upon organization under this constitution, in joint session, adopt rules governing the lodg ing of complaints against and trial of such officers, and such rules, once adopted, shall not be changed, except by the unanimous con sent of all the judges composing the said courts. ART. - The civil sheriff of the Parish of Orleans shall have the right, in all cases, where sworn complaint is made against any action, contemplated or inaugurated, to de mand bond of indemnity from the party or parties directing or requiring such action in such amount as may be sufficient to secure him. Such bond, upon being transferred to the clerk, shall stand in favor of the party complaining, and the sheriff may proceed, without liability, if the amount exacted be reasonably sufficient and the securities be solvent and sufficient, when taken. No per son or persons, who may be present or repre sented in the parish, at the time of any seiz ure, or other official act by the sheriff who shall allow the same to be completed without presenting a sworn comrnplint,and demand for desistance, setting up fully the right and tile of such party, shall hold the sheriff, or his secumitles, liable in damages; this provi sion not, however, to preclude subsequent in vestigation into the legality of such action or to debar action for damages, according to law, against the party causing the sheriff to perform the act complained of. ART. -. All fees and charges, fixed by law in matters pertaining to the action of the sheriffs of the parish of Orleans, shall enure to the State, and said sheriffs shall make weekly and detailed reports, under oath, to the district courts they serve, and to the Secreta ry and Treasurer of State, of all receipts and disbursements from fees of office. All such receipts from such fees, after paying the ex penses of their offices, shall be weekly paid into the treasury, to be applied by preference to the payment of the judicial expenses of the State. ART. -. Said sheriffs shall appoint, each with the consent and approval of the district court of the parish wilch he serves, such a numlber of deputies as the said court may find necessary fur the proper expedition of the public business, at such salaries as such courts may fix for each, not to exceed $1500 a year. Each sheriff shall be responsible foe his deputies, and may remove them at pleas ure and fill vacancies, with the appproval of the court, and may exact from all deputies security in such manner and amount as such sheriff may deem necessary. ART. -. There shall be in the city of New Orleans two city courts, presided over by judges having all the qualifications required for a district judge of the parish of Orleans. They shall have exclusive and final jurisdic tion over all sums less than the amount suffi cient to give jurisdiction to the civil district court for the parish of Orleans. They shall receive each $4000 per annum, payable quar terly upon their own warrants. The Legisla ture shall regulate the territorial division of jurisdiction, the manner of executing their process, the fee-bill,* and proceedings which shall govern them. The tax or fees upon suits brought before them shall be accounted for to the Secretary and Treasurer of State, and paid into the State treasury, after deduct ing expenses of the office, in the same manner as is required herein of the sheriffs of said parish. WHO HARLAN IS. To the Editor of the Democrat: The man who introduced the "Cincinnati resolutions" in the colored convention yester day is Col. Robert Harlan, a brother of Jus tice Harlan, appointed by President Hayes to the Supreme Court. Bob Harlan is a native of Kentucky, a former resident of this State is about six feet two inches in height, and wei:hs about 240 pounds, and loafs around the Custom-House. Show him up. Truly yours, H. M. S. PINAFORE. April 19, 1879. PROPERTY RIGHTS. To the Editor of the Democrat: Mr. Gabe Prats owns a piece of property on St. Ann street, between Chartres and Royal, which property extends into the yard of the court building. Mr. Prats having noticed that privies for the use of the courts had been built on his line, noti tied the Administrator of Public Buildings of the fact, and asked him to have them removed. No attention having been paid to his request, Mr. Prats sent a peti tion to the City Council asking for relier. If the privies have been erected on the line of property of Mr. Prats, and he can prove it, how is it that the rights of property and privacy are utterly disregarded ? INQUIRING CITIZEN. THE NEW ORLEANS SAVINGS BANK. To the Editor of the Democrat: The duty of the receivers is plain. It is to realize out of the assets of the bank all that can be realized, exercising their best judg ment as to what is for the interest of all the depositors, in the time and manner of doing this, and, as collections are made, to make a pro rata distribution among the depositors. Payment should be enforced from debtors who are able to pay, and when the debtor is insolvent the security he has pledged should be disposed of to the best advantage. The wealthy debtor should not be permitted to liquidate his debt on the balances on pass books which he has bought from depositors. He can acquire no greater claim than the depositor has, and all the claim the latter has is to his pro rata of what may be realized from the assets of the bank. That such an operation, if allowed, would work to the det riment of d~positors is clearly shown by the following illustration: Let A, B and C represent the depositors, each having $50,000 to hi credit on his pass book: A is disposed to ell his claim, B and O( to hold theirs. Let D. E and F represent the debtors of the banlk-D In the sum of $50,000 loaned him on security now worth the amount of the loan, E and F each $50,000 on security now worth only one-half the amount loaned. This state of the case would show liabilities $150,000, assets $100,000, sufficient to pay two thirds of the amount due depositors. Sup pose D is allowed to pay his de.bt of $50 000 with the pass-book balance which he has bought from A, the liabililes would be re duoed to $100,000, the assets to $50,000, suMi clent to pay only one-half the amount due depasltors. To facilitate liquidation the receivers might make an estimate of the amount which they expect will be realized from the assets; see what per centum this would give depositors, and receive pass-hook balances from debtors, on this basis. Further than this they cannot go without doing injustice to depositors. April 18, 1879. , C. Nowr u in ie it. Quclk time and no'tleia by the Great Jack son Route. Arrive afC ago at 9:30 a. m., te and a half hours ahea4, and at it. Louis 11:10 D. m., one night ahead of any other line. Ree:l's Gilt Edge Tonic is a sure cure for dyse popsla and all kindred diseases. The DEMOCRAT is indebted to Mr. Louis Grunewald for the most popular waltz of the season, entitled "Breeza of Night." Mr. Eckert, who has charge of the music department at Grunewald's. informs us teat he sold over 150 copies of this waltz within two weeks' time. "'MAKENo Mrs rAKc."-Thls is what ogan, the great clothing man, says in advertising his spring and summer suits. It seems the firm of Oogan & Sons will be dissolved by mutual con sent in sixty days, and in order to settle up sat Isfactorily their bu iness they will dispose of their entire stock of $150 000 worth of fine ones tom-made clothing at a great reduction, 26 per cent below cost. DAwZIcER's.-H-inoe the removal of this popu lar dry goods establishment Int) the splendid new store No. 131 Canal street (Touro Build ings), their business has Increased wonder fully, possibly tar beyond their most sanguine expectations. The truth is, these enterprising dry goods merchants obtain their goods at the lowest possible figures; having an experienced buyer in New York, they keep thoroughly posted, and obtain all the very latest and most fashionable articles as they come out. The polite and courteous manners oP the Danzlgers have done much to draw and retain the large custom of which they can now boast. A glanoa at their advertisement in another column will, no doubt, interest the ladies. AUUTIOIU AAtJha. By Montgomery & Co. PARLOR SUITS IN H 'IRCLOTH AND WAL nut: Brussels Carperts in tine order, but lit tle worn; handsome M nmtel Mirrors: about 250 volumes of well selected Books; Victori Bedsteads, A'motrs. Bureaus, WEahstands. and Bedroom Furniture.MatreMattesses,Spring etc. ALL AT AUCTION, WITHOUT LIMIT. ON TUFSDAY, APRIL 22. At 11 o'clock a. m., atNo. 87 Camp street. MONTGOMERY & CO., ap2o 3t Auctioneers. MONTGOMERY & Co., AUCTIONEERS. - BELL - HORSES, MULES, BUGGIES. HARNESS. Etao. Every Wednesday and Naturday, AT 11 O'CLOCK A. M. - AT - MONTGOMERY's TATTERBSALLS, deal sm No. se Baronne street. By C. E. Ofrardey. THE JOHNSTON PICK1RY, Conveniently loceaed near th. First District bhiptong and Cotton Presses-A Popular Stand, and ore of the Most Successful of its kind in the tity. BY 0. E. GIRARDET Anctioneer-Offle B No. 30 Camp street--A'IUMLDA!, Msy a. 18 9, at 12 o'clock m.. at the St. (charles Auction Exchange, will be sold at public auction, for account of an absent owner THAT POPULAR BUSINE$4q STAND AND SUCCESSFUL CO l'ON PICKEBY PROPER. TY, at present leased to Messrs. H J. Smith &Oo. at the rate of 1000oo per annum until the thirty first of August next. The property comprises six Jo s, measuring 150 feet front on R.lifgous street, In the sauare bounded by Religious. St. Thomas, Race and Orange streets, by 1u feet in depth, between parallel lines. The pickery is equipped with extensive platforms. racks, presses etc. and its location in close proximity to the First District shipping and leading cotton presses. Terms and Conditions-One.quarter or more cash, at the option of the purchaser, and the re mainder at one, two and three years' credit, for notes specially secured by mortgage and ven dor's lien, bearing all the uaual clauses of 8 per cent per annum interest, 5 per cent attorney's fees. policy of insurance transferred, and the purchaser to assume the taxes due and exo iglble in 1879 over the pries of adjudicatl.n. Act of1 sale before A. Hero, Eq , notary pub lie, at the expense of the purchaser. apS 8 12 13 19 24 26 td GREAT REDUCTION IN PRICE. Blgnature is on every bottle of the GENUINE WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE. It imparts the most delicious taste and zest to EXTRACT SOUPS, of a Lxrrza from a MEDICAL GENTLb. GRAVIES, iAN aT btAhS tO FISH. Tell LEA & PES that their Sauce is highly esteemed in HOT AND COLD pndla, and is, in my opinlon, the most JOINTS, palatable as well as Sthe most whole some Sauee that is GAME. ETC. made, eold and used Throughout the World. Travelers and touritti find great benefit in haviog a bottle with them. JOHN DUNCAN'S SONS, AGENTS FOR LEA & PERRINS, 9 College Place and 1 Union Square. mhb3Su lv NEW YORK. NEW INVENTIONS. rfHunter's Eleven combinations in Perfection one. Over 275.000 now in Rotary nse. Every family Flour and -houldhaveone. Agents Meal Sifter for Louisiana and Georgia wanted. Send $1 for samples and postage. Spelfal terms to agents. REYNOLDS & ARxSTron.e 90 Baronne street. STOVEs. The Robert E. Lee Cooking Stoves, made of best charcoal iron, light on fuel; good even oaker. Guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction or money returned. To each purchaser a patent sifter will be gren. TORCH.-No danger from sparks; wind or rain cannot extinguish; cannot explode. All steamt oats should have one. ELECTRIC BELLI.--No unsglahtly wires or cranks to get out of order. Always reliable. Bells placed anywhere. Of especial value to families and steamboats. Warranted for one year. Call and examine. JAMES B. REYNOLM. . ...- » .a. m nssm Ddt.....-.