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THE WORLD THURSDAY
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J Tremendous Problems that Were a
fr Encountered and Had to Be Solved
uu
Y Ih nrrk of ron lrllrll1n HIP subway contractors
IS were nfrimlcil by a series of eiiKlno ring pndi
linn thai could nut ln > workul nut mi n litl of
pr < vnl ill The undertaking wits differ nt from any
thing else of Die charieter ttiit hid ever been done
Tim riuestlon nf liiillilltiK it Jimml under till 111041
crowded streets In the world skirting the founda
tlon wiilli of tlir talliiil ItiilldliiK In Hie world nod
I all without dlKirringliiK the mmHl complicated sy lern
of sewers conduits pipes cued ducts wiw nnu hut
Mil to IIP solved along entirely original Ilnrs
Before the subRtiy could t > < > Ktiirlcil arrangements
had tn be made tor moving tin xowers and conduit
syittenw without 111 > kunl aging Hit nervier firr which
these utilities were ileslgned There could lie no Inter
ftrenefl with tli whir gals electric mil trlc > lioiie
sjstenui
Keciinxtriictfil Sewers
The aIHU pre enteil the greatiiit ilillleulty Tor
milrly half the entire dlilance nf the subway It N
close ti > ohs surface of I hi street The newer are at
tuuli depth 411 to Interfere with 11 Iniiiiel constructed
cliise to the surfice no the sewer hnl to lie rnim
structed along half the milmuy rlIt Thin meant
that lower would ilmve III he rehiillt off ai will as
changed tint ewe rs that emptied Into HIM river MjUld
hnvo to lie Hhlftol lo empty Inln mother In 1111 I11
mil en nf svwer were renmstructed 721 lulled iilonK
tlr lulxiwy roiili mill 617 in Hen remote from It
The blggist jolt was encountered at Canal ilreet
where oho low uf the sewer wait carried Into Hie
Rust lllvrr Instead of the uiinn HUer porltilltlni
the sewer to Ii4 bulkhituled mi the wot side mid
lontlnuril In me A new sewer was con lnictc < l on
Hie east Mi running nway from tho route of tho
Enormous Difficulties
That Were Overcome in
ie
Subway Construction
i
e Kit Tllf MINING WORLD SUHWAY SOUVENIR
i BY S L F DHYO
Chief Engineer of The Rapid Transit Subway Construction Company
J
fii SS0 million cubic ards of earth ant one Million
F4 TWO ands uf rock Iwvc been rrtnoml fwnt
44 the subwayenough
> material to build
a p > ri
mid SO feet high with a base M fret square
Tide II not f > gout ui he amount excavated mid
Mrrted to sen every enr from the now cellars < it
flaw York There li no danger of Manhattan Island
lilUier raving In or falling over because of tho
Amount of material removal to make tvoai for the
tubway I
1 TIle citlfj of Ihe won now provMrJ wllli lub
I wtyi AU London and LluJLp it lirl and Qlugow
In Kurn and Ibslon In lhl countrx hut HIP New
York subway le the longest It li the only subway In
I the world that hat four tracks Th London subway
II Inuch decrxT requiring the me of elemtom nt nil
Illellons which miken II much hanler to titllile
TIP luriilnn tunnel II HchUtl iirtlllclnlly IhniiiKlHinl
while a itrnil i xirtiilii nf our xyjlem iloi nut rtiiilro
urllllclal light
The bnililliiK of the New York subway has fur
irUlutl ii9llVI 4114 labor for all eliines of wirk
men vkllcd nml iinikilltd Ai high its IJax nun
have been employed In a dingle day That wiu In
tho flutnnirr anl fill nf IM when work was In
jiroffTMi ell along the line
There Imra 10111 more dllllrtillle to the llnpil
foot on the New York subway than on any other
raHrvxid work ever nintprtaken TheM dimculllfn In
elude the cnre of and reoonslruntton of the sewer <
the KU and sole milix rlvile iiulli and th
surface railroads together with oho undervlnnlng
uf the lall toulkllnll
rt i fe I i 1 t y
LIEN AV
1 b tl tUL uuul IUIJUUuJ
1 f SNILES bMlLES lino I fi11f1 nutrtT
MILES ISMGES IloMll
dr fst o I I I t
a c ° d a st E J fstfes ao III t I II I i ly 6t pow
Cf I
1 Wr 0 fes w aRlust Ave I I y
PBRO VNlnrc
V Drl III uuuiuMu
kiva
a NL f ILL I w I nlr n CEfPfKAL E lP
inn LJQjnnnn n DDl no ip b OR POT NEW YORK CAN NOW IJANDLE m
ra a fiKFsrT I n o + y 3100000 PASSENGERS DAILY ulagram
Q o p t f V 9t D
oRar < rr shows loo the
Subway
s eventually
ti o S AJY 1 4fh i2Mmss 3MIL S Surface lines j 600000 passengers a day
+ + > YJrR m d iMW ct N I Hlevaied l5ooooo 1 I II OJ juniiel
f e m cirY A r system 1000000 ii rI
Total 3 too 000 01 n wlong JcouiQ
i l
I t tH6KOH CON CO OlOHOH OHTAXUGfO HOieHOOK CAKor OAtY IliA oloAIU X6 swvTc vc Q A4ttfrfvq O VVvf fifUQLkY W44HOLLY
oy
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SI J I I t c < h VI vU rl t tN X J
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J I
e c J I VlAOUCI
0
EIUUT M
16 P 41 4
1 r r IM14N jncjn cfvm
1 l LMe 1 Tu4Ml
J One Hundred Pacts About
Ho rEr s New YOlks Great Subway
iC J
Q s 191 the people of New York vnteil that the tun
t IN nl should be it immlrlpul entrrprlne aim N wnnl
by thw city
After six > enr < nf preliminary work the Intuit
Transit CommUHon advenlieil for Md on Nov IV
ivft
I ivftJohn
IreV John II Idhllald nnd the Onderdotik Construethw
Clm1oln sulimlltr bids Mr MrlN rwMii was ar
reptMl on Jan li 191
Hn ofltred to construct the tunnel for ur m > ein
t I with U711OOO3 Addlllon1 for termliuli station skiesttc
reV h 1
r 1
J
t il it a
subwny fur more than u mile
It Mas fjund till s1try to luilll a Ct foot eir
nlir brlrk iondiilt nider rhithun Kilin The
itreit nurfiee there iould not m lUlnrlxil wing
to the Kwork cf wins the eiinjiltielinii of street
en r Unit tin L rail iilllarn tutu the viii > riniiU4
vehicular trillle
TuiiiHlleil TliruuAli Faiul
The rliKltieir dt > rniliiMl to build Hie Sewer by
tunnelling The ilia 10 rill I lo be tunnelled throiiKh
was very line Mind and a new niDtlnxl nf haring
had to be devoid It wu n niotllfloatlim of the
shield s > iti > m used In tunnelling under rlvora and
the lilmrlouoniMH of It mal lie InuKlned from the
fart tint Hi inixliniiin rule of work allowed the
fomplelloi if bill tnelv fret per Wei k
A six and u lulf font rlrcuhr brick newer was
ineounlored at the nubuay level ut One llunlrol
and Tenth start and Lenox venue fart of It wan
lemovvil and time IMnHi pastIron plpn runnel
under the Milbuay were KiilmUlutol At One Hun
dred and Kortynlnth St art and Itillriviilavpniip to
K II a sener under rile < iibwuy H beeame ticcpswry
to run It under tide level ThU mllnd for permanent
siphons nml inn urv bum Thl was the only In
tame wern rliihonK were lined
In niiny > laeei KlKanllr water and gas pipes were
enrnunlered that mild nut hr movd to iKires tinier
or ivi r Out nuliuuy or imratlPl with It Instoid of
these big plpeo many small ones were mibstltiitM
and laid alolix the liiinel roof Wtiiii they re
reedy thin wnlxr or gis was timed Into Uiem
through iiinneollons wllh the main pipes and I ho
superfluous plpra were removid
Trouble With Fttrtncr MUCK
The itreit nllwij llnw a1 endless trouble through
nut the work of run + lrllcllulI The common wily of
lundllni thim where tiny einild bo removed In the
sided of the sllnt was to undermine them with tun
nets exindlnK frrm tho eurlj to Ihe middle of the
Ntrrel tulle a loncrele Iwil Jn thivf cnm tunnels
nnd build 1110111 the conrretc Iod yen soul Ireithw
Theip still Irt1d Ihe trucks Then the ground was
eiciivalid helmill the trestles
Om of Ihe linn InlnrintliiK pleexH of coixtruollon
work aloiiK a plan tml fulluwnl eluewlnre sets dune
with lIt lUetruck 51on tit In Niriyt rand street
Ixtutpn Iirk aveniii mid llmdway The exemp
tion here was alun IhlrtJlUe feel deep and ex
tended from 111 to llftfen feet Into rock
lalfu Irk wuo iuve > irv whrriver the 10
tool HIS diiiHiiitired AI Fi > rtt fi > iid slrnt and
Sixth avenue as hundred of thoiiMiid of Now
YoikxrH remember ta tliHlr sorrow the four Molt
wus of thi station were dlnvlly over the subwiiy
Ixpuxntlnii 1hiPli of thpoe stairways had to bo
braced KntindHllnns were made fur them by dip
gltkg niniH I4l plieliig In hern u ln > I of eunrirle
and biilldlni up u 4114 wnodrn fiHHidaUon to wlilcJi
thp I pllkiM wire rlielnl
thin of the hardest tMxtlnns of the luliAiiy WIIK In
Park luenue lietnier Thlrlyfoiirlh and Kortyllrsl
stnets It UIIH hire tint shifting rock MM fixinil
whir slid until 1144 limn A nn lit met tilde of Win
street were In danger of collainp It nti here that
Major lot A Hl > uler the moot tmrnrtunile of th < i
IIltII mnlrnelur4 ntis kHInl JiMI us IIP haul
S
Tile tul1 met I M < l > vn ekNC In 11tIIrI
Th mixipy fi > r the roiitrmMkin was lunnnl by Wit
ell > It l < In N rein1 vt intri In Hfty ear
The rental for the tunnel 1M the Interwt on the
t nnl Hti < l I vr ffr iiddltlmwl the Utter > nyi Mttt
ountillgent In pan upon the purnhiiu nf the rOll
In UIP flrrt ten years
Contractors Heavy Security
The tf > nlru or ihlnrtlrd IIUIVMI In cnsh for se
curity fur oMtrucitun a bond with surety for II
l
W lhti < W 1i
tmiuwht his work to u mrcrssfui oncliislon In blur
face i if dlMlciillles nrxt to Insiirmoiintabli The suit
wit here U divided Into two circular Iron tnnmln
and pasucnKirs on the tnilin will have an opimrlunlty
of Judging of Ihf dlllliMilUfM clieillMtfTcl liv the
ilamitleHa men who bond through so fir under
ground
Fur was exit 4 Ord whin II vwm mad knonn tint
the suhuiy HIM t 4o run through Cnlumbin tlrele
thai the Culiimhui moiiutruit would IIf > undermlnnl
In ueh n 11111 that it noiiid fall on the contnirv
the ColunibiK innniiment was not illiturhed a frac
tion of an inch iillhjiigli the subway lafM directly
under It Ini tin mist sill three fret from the centic
HIl n he tunnel wore 111 1 oulslde nnd under thu
r Hind itJii niled with concrete and so Imtiwd that
the held tin foundHlJM steady until the subway
was c < imt > le < d and braced
Tin subway runs dlreoily under HIP Holel He
niont Iortyyeeoltd nnet and Park avenue mind un
der the towering TlnitH Iliilldlnir at Kortypcond
xtreet and Ilroidnay The foundations for theio
bullillngt that Is HIP hell nick nn which the sup
porting cultimns nre placedIs aviy below the tvel
of tin subway isd Itu id diimns do not Inter
Cpr In any tiny nlth the snhwi trucks or stations
although they ore entirely dUlinct from thu subway
HWUcltire
The tunnel ilewern One Hundred and 1lftyxcventh
street and fort George Is the longcit twotrack tun
1111 In Ihe world with one excpptlonthe Hnojac tun
nil Only two charts were sunk Work wu prose
riitnl butt whys from hoes shafts and from either
end The shafts nrp now iillllzeil for the elevator
In the station on the tunnel level
Uiiler the Hnrlotn Ithcr
Hy far tho most Interesting section of the tunnel
from nn engineering standpoint Is that under the
IlirU m Ilea The bed of the river is so jolt that
tunnillliitt of DIP ordinary kind WAS lmpo lble and
a new method had III be dexhul Tno sppirate tin
1111 of i molar form built of exist Iron and steei
were planned They were built on shore and sunk
Into mar lrh bed built In inlAaon In pllilnclo
guldeways down In HIP mud nf thp bottom The
tunnel under till river Is dry as a Ume
Imm start to llnlsh tin work was one of dllllcully
but these particular Instances related nbove were
the ones that presented the most sprloiH obstacles
Not until the people of the city have time to ride
through the subway anti hake earffiil note of It is
they learn to Innile themselves will they utilize what
a big job It has been
MAN E Hoait
mil Ir1Vf S
5n Sri3
1
1 t
1
1 t
0
QQ CE
i4111114UUB
u U
me n I in ill inr l bond of tll j0uuu ti > secure
Ivrfurmanrj of contract
lie urKiniiril u con tructlim mpiny of which
A n nisi Helmonl pMilileiit Another company tor
the operiton of the Hubway was organized inside
thin 0 r > uritliMi
The lntfrl iroiirti Itipiil Tntnlt Cnmpanv hIM the
ItrtvllPK nf Prallng the road tor fitly years with
the option of twnnt lllve titre rerwval at a read
juntril rate of rental When the Hubway Mnttly
IIIMw Into the una1 o the people the Ulpnunt
mint lie iHughl by Hi clly nt a valuation to be lit
lernlnpt hy arMlrtthxi
Mr MoIVinild sublet the work of construction to
thirlen sub tuntrteters
inniml was t > n > ken for the Buhway on March 3
lt n in font of the City Hull by Mayor llobert A
Vnn Vyck
The contmotnr pledgnt Wm Hf 10 hun the fob
way ready tar the peoldo In four and onehalt yeart
1fW i
JOW the VIb
way Will Sot
Powar for
Sts Operation
= I
idnllon to the trrru
IS
ml Suhwii in the
world New York will
have ui a iieieMiry aiV
Junct the Kifitisi power
house In Ire world
The gliding N between
Mftyvltlith ami IlfH
ninth Ktnvix and Ikv
ruth u < enue and the North
HUer In time It will tic
copy nil tho snace lie
tween the river mind the
avenue It will contain
boilers rind 12 engines
etch engine directly con
nected to a S0M kllowat
alternator The pVjnl
will develop 100UO horse
power without the slight
est stmln on tho ma
chinery
To nvold the danger of
A trrnenil breakdown of
power the bolher house
and generatlngroom are
divided Into six sections
each Independent of the
other Nothing short of
nn earthquake could pos
slbly render enough of
these sections uiele M lo
paralyze the nnd
The boilers are fed au
xvnullcullv from Kigali
tic coal bunkers loctitid
tinder the roof of lit
bu11r11ng There are
oven bunkers In all with
a combined maximum of
HfOO tons
dwvawwwtiwrwan
i
Ai WutJ lit bf bwAY utl UL
Uu U I ul lout 1111 n
n r I1tJ km fop a t
f fi I I r
I
HTRN pARk WEST 8TH AVE 7 I f
t i 1 I
The Subway exUmU from City Hall to KlnpfbrHgn
on the went idle and Uronx Pork on the pant Mf
The mnln line from City Hall to KlngsbrMffe In
IJVi miles long with tour Iracki to NInrtyfUth
trpet
The nut nlde line from One Hundred nnd Third
Ktrept nml Uroudway to llronx IMrk U CJ7 mile
long making n total mllpnge of 01
Mve miles of the s stem l4 on viaduct
There Are 711 mile uf ulnjlc track and siding
iunl to one Ihlnl nf the distance between New
York arvl Albany
The slops average three n mile for lona trams and
one every two mllen for express trains
There ore it stations on the entire system M un
derground II on vlndurtu three partly on the cur
fico nnd partly underground and one partly on tho
surfnco find partly on the viaduct
Two of the underground stations ore rtnched hy
IeIII ton n > xi one of the viaduct tftiooa 4i rntched
by tecataton 4
j
t
rkV
At present trains run only to One Hundred aril 1t
Portyflfth street The system will he completo An
thraifrh on the past and west sides In three months Ij
The highest grade Is one of 3 per cent on each side I hb
of the tunnel under the Harlem lUvtr k
At inch station thtte Is
re n downgrade of 21 ir
cent to accelerate the trains In starling
7ves Lost In the Work
In the work of construction 10 lives were oat the t u lq
greatest number at one time In the lark avenue < x in4
plojlon which wrecked the Murray Hill Hotel e
The actual time spent In construction was 111i e
days g
Gauged by the number of men employed the work
Ins days nuiibereil B9U5U
The larxoit number of men employed In oonslruo
tlon m any ono day was llcca t
Y i
The average number of men employed per dly bas J
4UI
4UIThere
There were iCWrxo vole yards of earth and IJOUb1 pj
t i It I