o
A RARE MINING PRODUCT.
ORES OP TUNGSTEN POUND IN CON
NECTICUT.
USED BY THE GOVERNMENT IN EXPERIMENTS
w:. I! VRMOR I'M. I: [NO PR< iJECTILI S.
Bridgeport, Conn. Oct. 10.— Rare minerala
which are being mined at Long Hill, eight
miles north of this city, ar.' being used by
tin United States Government In a series of ex
periments tt. hud a projectile that will pierce
the heaviest and hardest armor plate. The
products of thN mine are wolfram and sc hit lit.-,
th< two being found in combination so far
nowhere else In tli" world. They are, however,
found separately, scheelite being found in the
gold mm s of New-Zealand, but it docs not
equal eithei in quantity or quality that which is
bein.',' mined at Long Hill from the Bhaga
nowaump Mountain. Wolfram is found in small
quantities In Utah, Arizona and in the tin mines
of Cornwall, England. Thte combination makes
the value of the mine extremely great. Wol
fram and Bcheelite are the ores of tungsten. At
\he present time the products of the mine sell
from $4.~>ti to $•>•">'• a ton, and the owners of, this
inino control the world's market for tungsten.
The American Tungsten Mining and Milling
Company «;i- formed h little over a year ago
and has been working tin- mine sine- September,
ami erecting ;i plant. Among those interested in
the mm. are Frederick C. Beach, Editor of "The
i'- ientific American." who spends his summers
:.t Stratford, a suburb Of this city; Sir Douglas
Kux, of London, a well known authority on min
ing in Cornwall, England; W. H. Hinsd&le, who
designed the unique plant, and who has been
Identified with th.- manufacturing of steel for
>ears, and Professor Adolpta Guilt, of Bonn Uni
\i t sit y. Germany, the chief consulting engineer,
who has made several trips to this country for
the purpose of shaping the development of th>'
mine. The resident chemist is Prof.-ss.ir Herbert
Bhtlstone, late "f Barbados, British West Indies,
and the resident engineer is Karl C. Bacon. Mr.
Shilston< ::- one of half a dozen chemists in
world who have analyzed or who know
»! Lcticall) anything about wolfram or scheelite.
Some -Mxi> years ago the discovery of th<>
combination of the minerals here was made, t h<
uut appearing in a hook published in 1S;!7, by
.'»r. B. IT. Shepard, on th*> geology of Connecti
cut. Scientific men give as the explanation for
\f deposit the fact th;u Sbaganowaump Moub
iain was onc< a volcano, and thai while the
eruption of the volcano was In progress the
,-h'iiiii al changes superinduced by ih<- intense
n..>i to.>k place and i.-lt in layers about the hill
limestone as the first stratum, and underneath
in limestone the combination layer of wolfram
».u! Bt-hi elite. While the volcano was in action
/.n tungstic acid a.ting on the limestone pro
duced Bcheelite, and on the iron ore produced
the w i lit am.
At the present time the mining being done is
Mini ly surface mining. Thus far. the layer of
limestone, which is next the surface, is not so
thick as to prevent removing ii and mining in
tin- op.-n cut fashion. The strata of limestone
is about ten feet thick and will increase in
thickness as the mining approaches the crater
i>f tin \.,'. ano. When the limestone grows too
thick to cm through it will be tunnelled under.
Tin- \. in of s< inelite and wolfram which is now
being worked is from twelve to fifteen feet
thick, and apparently of unlimited width. The
progress ol the development of the mine is to
work toward the crater of the volcano.
When th. crater is reached a vertical shaft
will be sunk, for then the yield of wolfram and
Bcheelite is expected to be much larger. The
spot from vvhk-h the on is now being taken is
about half :•. mile from the plant where it is
crushed. Th. building is on the side of the
hill, six st., i i->- hif !'..
Th. n|. if; |..,i.:i itlly pulverized and then
passes through Hooper separators, and the valu
able on is taken out ol the tailings.
Th. American Tungsten Mining and Milling
Cera pa ii) tii"-- not separate th.- wolfram from
th. sch. • Lite It is shipped to buyers ;is it
conies from -. i .. separators. Bui the two can b«
readily separated by the use >>f the magnet, as
wolfram res*pondH to the magnet an« 3 scheelite
do.s not.
The ECrupn Steel Works, >>( Germany, have
taken nearly all of the output thus far. A
month ago, however, a large consignment was
sent to an experiment station of the United
States Government, and recently it was demon
strated thai ;. projectile with a tungsten jacket
made from wolfram and scheelite would pene
trate the hardest kind of harveyized nickel steel
armor.
HATa i\ r\i; i.i iw/;\ /■.
From Tii- London Telegraph.
Ours i.» th<- only Parliament in Europe when
members sit with th.it hats on. The propor
tion of thesi is. however, not bo great as might
be inferred from ttv- scene in the Drurj Lane
production. The custom is an <>I<l < in-, for in
Hi* sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the
dotting of -the headgear was l>\ no means con
sidered .t Fign of respect, either in England or
on the Continent. There are extant old engrav
ings showing Louis XIV presiding at .-> council
of his Ministers, all of whom are covered < x
cept the sovereign himself. Th< stovepipes
nf our legislators very often serve a double
debt to pay. They keep their wearer* from
catching <•> l<! and, on in. other hand, by be
ing left in th> Reats they .>. ■< upy. Recur** their
places for them, a result not to i»- despised on
th. <-.-. -ahidns or great debates. H was in the
ancient bunding burned down In the thirties
that a member cn-aUU v precedent b> appearing
NEW-YORK TRIBUNE ILLUSTRATED. SUPPLEMENT:
early in the morning, whil< th* 1 hous<
were still at their work, with two chimney
pots, one of which lio left as an Indication of
his temporary right to a particular seiit. and
then walked out again to have his breakfast.
POINTS FROM INDIANS.
METHODS OF MODERN WARFARE LEARNED
FROM THEM.
From The Philadelphia Times.
Anybody who knows anything at all about
modern fighting knows that the North Ameri
can Indian is the man who sets the pace. First
TUNGSTEN ORE READ* FOR THE < Ii I Slll.iC.
the American frontiersmen studied his ways and
adopted his tactics and the soldiers t.»ok them
ui>. Baden-Powell, so the plucky little South Af
rican General confesses, first read about Ameri
can scouts and then took lessons from their
teachers, th>- Indians themselves. Hut now there
is ii slip in the chain, and France is studying the
Indian without going to the trouble of first as
certaining what the best scout in the world,
the American soldier, thinks about it. Franc
is trying the "flexicon march."
"Never set th.' leg straight." are the Frewh
instructions. "Keep the back straight, but hem
forward. Do nol throw the shoulders eithei
back or up."
That is about the uvaj an Indian walks, so
Captain Uline, of th>- 20th Infantry, confesses,
but, be go. s on, hi: never heard ol thi tries, be
ing tried by military.
•I cannot discuss the merits of th- "flexiron. 1
the Captain said, "because I am not familiar
with It. Prom the description it is jus: about
the way the Indian walks. His kn--. is nevei
*10. ■!<..,;• or thrust back, so as to have the leg
quit.- straight. The Indian never uses th.- heel
to the x.iusion of the ball of the foot, but puts
the sole down all at once. Not all Indians are
footmen. 1 could name half a dozen tribes
which to my personal knowledge go mounted
always and almost everywhere, even about their
camp.
An English irmy officer, a subaltern, h< r>
with the horse buyers, said concerning the new
movement :
■•The French are the greatest bunglers in the
world. Th.-y get the wildest notions fads," 1
THE i IJI SHINC PLANT i'ult TINCSTKN OREL
ought n> call them — ia their pates. J remem
ber once they decided to dress every man in
Madagascar in red flannel underclothing. Every
in. in in tli.- place ;;<>i skin disease. Tben they
wen I in for natural wool :uni the nun got worst .
The> admitted red Irritated the skin, ami then
found i'iii natural wool, being already charged
with oil, could take nu more, so was worthless
i'.ir absorbing perspiration.' Nov. they are fid
dling with the !it\i> m' movement, evidently
trying to step ahead of the United States in fol
low ing t he Indian, and, overlooking the work the
Indian does »•. hen he goes on what we will call
his 'dog iroi.' scouting, th. • propose i<> imitate
his walk."
i in: RIGHT word.
Prom The Washington Star.
'.'Does that young woman hail from Boston?"
"Yes." answered the youth, thoughtfully,
"that expresses the idea precisely. She hails
from Boston. I was never before overtaken by
such a. heavy downfall of intellectual ice."
SOME CHINESE STUDENTS.
i;<>\\ \ EUROPEAN CITT ITS LIFE AND
INTERESTS, APFEAXJOD TO THEM.
Th.y were the elite of ChhaVs rising youth.
THey were chosen by th.? Government from
among myriads of Chinese students and seal la
st. al the secrets of Western superiority and
place its bright g. Ms in the venerable uwu
of China. They lived ami studied in Paris.
Th.y received weekly visits from a Govern
ment superintendent, ail were brought up with
tender .-arc at the expense, peraapa, of per
sonal initiative. Their exemplars behavior was
a standing reproach to the live hundred foretgm
students of every nationality who occasionally
disgraced the streets and boulevards of ihe
Quartier Latin. They were model students, it
is due they wen- :, ( ,t tantalised by a devour
ing ciirtoait) to follow the ever Seeing shadow
of the unknown ami its ever doubtful denoue
ment. Their greal object was more tangible
and practical; it was ;■> win some d.r> on., of
tii highest degrees of learning in th< power of
the Emperor to bestow, not ><« much to gratify
their personal, yet legitimate, \anity. as t.>
h. -nor their wives and their aged parents (upon
-boulders also falls tit I of the
degree >, and especially for th. sake of their
d.a.l anc-stois, who, being promoted by the
promotion of their des< endants, would not fail
to reward the latter with constant protection
throughout the hardship-- •■: lift Every literary
distinction, it matters not how insignificant,
counts with the thrifty Chinaman.
Wherever tbej went they would ;tsk the young
Fr> in h student whether be had taken his degree
of bachelor. They could not understand why
such ;■ Question sbouM always Busta Mi> faces
of the students. The bachelor's degree in China
is a great honor and means a sort of nobility to
the whole family. The writer left them at their
desks sometimes at >>:.".»> a. in., and when he
came back at 12:3Q he found then still in the
mi me position. Considering the intense atten
tion given by th. Mii to th.- book, he wondered
whether daring the interval they had moved
tluir heads at all. The well known Chinese pun
ishment of th. etane. or heavy board around
the acek, preventing all movement by the
tortured criminal, lotit a great deal of its
ChastlkMMk They went to bed at about lam.
and were up promptly at 7.
THK DIFFERENCE IN ALI'UABKTS.
Although they spoke low. yet they read
Chinese aloud and with great animation. This
was due to the system of Instruction In China
and in the whole East, where pupils are re~
quested to 3hout at the top of their .voices.
But they gave quite another explanation. Thf>
read the European alphabet with apathy be
cause the letters spell nothing beyond the mate
rial sound. But Chinese characters are ani
mated and have souls and motion of their own.
In the Louvre they said:
"Which speaks to you more— these statues
above or the inscriptions which label then-,
underneath? Every shade at the brush ir. oui
characters, the intermingling of lines and curves
suggests to us the faintness, energy or dtlicacv
of the most shadowy nuance of thought. W«
express our ideas in painting, not in writing
and we give coloring, energy, motion" and life tc
our letters."
They complained bitterly or me t renca gram
mar, and one could well sympathize with them.
Men who have no idea of gender and number.
declension, derivation, conjugation and syntax
must feel bored to death to have to subdue the
natural repugnance fell for things for whi.-ii at
the start they can sea no reason. Indeed. tb.cy
learned more willingly the dictionary than the
grammar. They mastered first the examples
in the grammar and then turned back to learn
the rules. Their memories were prodigious, but
they showed a corresponding lack of tbopsht
and judgment. Requested to classify the end
ings of the first conjugation cf French wbs,
they did the work with a vengeance. Without
regard to tense, mood, number or person the
endings were patiently hunted up and classified
according to the number of the letters coxnj >s
ine them.
When they passed to logic it was hard tc. ex
plain to their comprehension the principle c. 1
composition. Their intellectual polite; il
seemed, could not refuse hospitality to anything
and they strained their wits to show always th<
possibility of reconciliation, if by no other ra*-a.n:
than affirming one proposition after another
They were under the impression that every pr>>
fessor. no matter what his specialty, must knov
everything, and would often ask their teach-
In arithmetic a question in chemistry or physi-s
They were extremely eager to learn ab«'U
nature's phenomena, and were always scheir.in,
i as to how to apply them especially to enteriuU
and astonish their friends, but were slow ;•> in
vestigate their laws and causes.
The wife of the married student could no: \«
' induced to enter a chemical or physical labor
[ alary. She thought that the evil spirit?, al
': though uninvited, took part some way M anuth»
; in the production of extraordinary phem-nit-na
i She refused to discuss the matter at all
ARITHMETIC DELIGHTS THEM.
| They were extremely quick at figijre-s. Ir.
: arithmetic their quickness and accuracy w*-re
: astonishing 1 . Algebra was more difficult; short
■ problems were done weD, but the lons unis,
! splendidly begun, ended invariably by a hurried
: wind up in order to mar. a short cut to e»lu
i tion. In geometry they ••■• rather poor.
! They learned by heart rapidly the narc« of
heavenly bodies not known to Chinamen, but
I the laws of gravitation they could not under
'■ stand. It was only with the greatest diQcnlty
! that the idea of the laws of nature being fixed
and unchangeable became comprehensible ;a
them.
Their preference in architecture was for the
Gothic rather than the Roman and the Renais
sance styles. They were especially fond Cf t^e
Greek style, as shown in the exterior of :he
Madeleine and the Bourse. In fact, their
architectural taste could he summed up ■
"simplicity" and colonnade." They detested long
horizontal lines. They liked the Tuileries. proi>
ably because of the elaborate decoration in relit!
on its walls.
A great difficulty was experienced in tryinp tc
reconcile them to realism in painting, and esp«
cially to perspective. They stopped to admir*
portraits, but scenery did no; appeal to them.
They showed a marked preference for the hi*
ratio Byzantine. They cared little about Rapha- i.
Michael Angelo. Veronese or even the gorp.uus
coloring of Titian. In drawing they were profi
cient. One could tlraw the outline of a man.
looking the whole time a: him and never at the
paper.
In sculpture they admired the colossal und
statues representing! ■port Th passed ov»-r
and over again with absolute indifference Greek
and Roman statuary. They did not even faVMI
Apollo Belvedere with a second glance. After
several visits to the Laocoon group thty ob
served, "How they are trying to> disentamc!"*
themselves:" The central figure was noticed
afterward. "How he is afraid:' In a subse
quent visit they exclaimed. "He is defiant!" It
was. indeed, a great di;-< overy; but newr a word
of his pain.
THEIR LOVE OF i'i.i'\v.:iis
Nothing appealed to them so much as ktuny.
Every second day they walked in th- Jur.i.n
dcs riant. They would never dream of «'assi
j fying anything. They mixed up on** >yatem
j with another Their whole attention was given
I to the Improving of th» plant* «>r to ;£* creating
!of new species. In botany > nly did they depart
I from their politeness %nd contradict »-\;U«nt
; error. They told gardeners they were wrong
jin this and in that. These plants were too n»-ar
i to each other. They should not touch tho«e and
{ spoil them by fondling- They should nor ehtrs*
the earth around the plants, altering \?s f. rf.!
lty. A rich ground should have i-., provided
at the start and the plants t«MI W l«ft t«>
themselves In winter they proposed to rais.
vegetables l n the cellar if ihe proprietor w«uli!
consent to keep up a certain temperature, l.ut
he was to.i conservative to try tat >>*p«»rirjieut.
- They seldom read AJtbou; chanting aaH