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^ercftorfc tribune First to L??t-rtho Truth: New??Editorials ?Advertisement? Member of th. Audit Bureau of Clmilatloo? t TT.t,:." _^_?_a l ?; . . ??????i.-t TUESDAY. AUGUST 26. 1919 Own?! and published ?lally by New Tors Tribun. Inc. ? New Tort Corporstlon. O?den Re?d. President; O. Veitlor Rogers, Vlee-rrteldent ; Helen Ki'gem Reld, 8e?Te iary;'S". A Suter, Treasurer. Aitilres?. Tribune HulUIln?. ?54 Nassau ilwl, New York. Telephone, licckiuan SuOtt. (?T'BSCRtl'TION RATES- Ry MAIL, tndudtaf Port?*. IN TUE LNITKD STATES AND CANADA. One St* On. Y?-?r. Mrvitti?. Month Pully and Sundaj.$10 0? $5.0C $1.00 Dally onty . g.M 4.M .?5 Bondi* only . S.M 1.50 .80 Sunday only. Canada. 6.00 8.2? .M FOREIGN RATT.8 DaUy and Sunday.$28 00 $13.80 a $2.40 Pally only . IT.40 8.T0 1.4? Sunday only . 9.15 6.12 .80 EnUrad a* th. Pcatoftlre at Nw Tort a. Second CUM Mall Matter GUARANTEE ran m? pared*? l erchandtts advertised I. THE TRIBUNE wHh abwlut? safety?for If dliiatlsfairtton re? mit? In any eat* THE TRIBUNE guaranties to pay your nonfy back upon request. No red tape. No qulbbllnf. We make g??o?l promptly If the advertl?er do? net. MT1MRER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS The Associated Vrfs Li exclusively entttlrd to the i.se for rtpubltcatlon o! all n?rw? dlapatchea ?-r<Mltcd to'it or Dot rthc.-wlso crcliif?! In this paptT a:?l ?bo tb. local news of spontaneous origin published herein. All rights of ?publication of all other matter bents are also reserved. Mexican Retroaction To understand the. Mexican problem it is necessary to go back to 1013, when Madero, Constitutional President, was deposed and then murdered by military conspirators headed by Huerta. Venus tiano Carranza, Governor of Coahuila, greatly to his credit, refused to submit to the dictator and took up arms to re? store constitutional government, particu? larly the Juarez constitution of 1857. The "plan of Guadalupe" outlined the purposes of Carranza and its principles were repeatedly redeclared, for example, in the Declaration of June 15, 1915, wherein Carranza said that his object was to restore the constitution, and that as regards foreigners, residents of or in? vestors in Mexico, the constitutional gov? ernment would afford them "all the guar? antees to which they are entitled under our laws" and "amply protect their lives, their freedom and the enjoyment of the rights of property, allowing them in? demnities for the damages which the revolution may have caused to them." Carranza won, largely because of those pledges, for ? they brought to him the moral and material support of the United ?States. Huerta was driven out not so much by the force of Carranza's armies as by the steady pressure of Washing? ton against him. Mexico was turned over to the Mexicans who pretended to stand for freedom and justice, and every American rejoiced in the hope that a : roubled neighbor was to have peace. Instead of keeping his pledges Car? ranza began immediately to break them. He did not surrender his sword, as Wash? ington did to legally constituted author? ity, but said it was first necessary to have a new constitution and a new or? ganization. He summoned to Queretaro a company of delegates, named by him, and through them practically decreed a new organic law. The Constitutionalists of Mexico threw the constitution they had fought for into the scrap heap and pretended to establish a new instrument. One of its provisions was that old and long recognized titles should not be valid. Retroactive provisions were inserted, which placed everything at the mercy of the new dictator. Under the authority alleged to have been conferred a policy of confiscation was embarked on. There was not merely a denial of the right of foreigners to acquire property, but the property they already owned was put at the disposition of Carra-.vi and his group. In the guise ! of establishing government ownership ! the government began seizing other peo- \ pie's property. There was only a pre? tence of compensation. The sums to be allowed were to be fixed by the national anil state governments and bonds printed which owners must receive at their face value or get nothing. The life and fortune of every foreigner were openly delivered into the hands of Carranza. Article 37, of the Queretaro constitution, provides: "The Executive shall have the inclusive right to expel from the republic forthwith and without judicial process any foreigner whose presence he oiay deem inexpedient." So Americans in Mexico have no rights the government is compelled to respect. If they are murdered or robbed?and scores have been?their friends, if they dare protest, are loaded on trains and sent over the border, stripped of all posses? sions. Spanish lawyers love metaphysical law, and they have evolved the doctrine that a nation, if it so elects, may make laws retroactive. The argument, naturally, docs not appeal to those interested in another legal tradition, a tradition which holds tightly to the doctrine that there are things not even a nation may do. The?? post facto doctrine thus revived m Mexico is m essence another ex? pression of the Prussian theory that "a s ate is supermoral and may do anything that it pleases. Carranza has become a dictator aa much as Diaz was. He rules with substantially the 8ame iron hand indeed, his army is larger than the one on which Diaz relied. To the faults of Diaz he adds those of L?nine. Crisis with respect to Mexico are re? currently precipitated by bandit Mex? icans doing on their own account that which a bandit government does in the "amo of the nation. But the banditry of the government is the more important. A situation has been created which can? not forever be endured. Yet so far Mexico as a nation has not divorced herself from responsibility for what is done in her name. If she keeps in power ?> iti*i?unt ? pl9dB*-br**Ur at Venu? a*n* Carrajza, a roan who ha? betraved his promises to Mexico as well as those he made to this country when suppliant for our aid, we shall be unable to remain forever quiescent. A Great Negro Gain That I. W. W. agitators are doing their utmost to stir up discontent among the negroes is to be taken for granted. This is not because of any liking for ne? groes, but because of a love of trouble. They rejoice in discontent and seek all means to foment it. They make their living out of discord; concord is hateful to them. ? In the relat-fms of the two races in America has been much to discourage the dark-skinned one. No wonder its mem? bers sometimes lose faith and hope. But in the darkest hour along comes some? thing to set the bells ringing again. Last week, just after the riots in Washington and Chicago, came news that the South? ern Labor Congress had voted to admit negro unions to membership. Political equality is important. The negro will be only half a man until he gets it. But economic opportunity is more important. If the negro can gain an unimpeded right to make his living and to develop himself in skilled labor he will not long be excluded from polling places. The sounder leaders of the negro race are not deceived by the I. W. W. They know this organization is no friend of theirs?would merely use them for its purposes. So its agents gain few re? cruits. The negro race is a backward one, but it sees main matters with clear? ness and looks to the time when white and black will dwell together in harmony. The Shantung Eggshells Despite the hurrah over the Shantung question and its illogical entanglement with the covenant issues, our people may be assumed to view it sensibly and calm? ly and with a fair appreciation of the Japanese side of the case. That Shantung, the birth province of Confucius, is an integral part of China is established by 3,000 years of history, and that by any known standard of na? tional association it belongs to the most ancient of fatherlands seems not open to question, but as to the general rela? tions of Japan to the Far East it is well to bear in mind some outstanding facts. We have a Monroe Doctrine of which we are justly jealous, and a root of this doctrine is the desire to keep at a dis? tance possibly troublesome neighbors. | We have never admitted the doctrine ! was inconsistent with denials of any I purpose to annex or to play lord to j America's neighbors. An American who supports Monroe- j ism should be able to understand why ? Japan wants a Monroe Doctrine for the i Far East. Russia penetrated Manchu? ria and reached the Corean frontier. | Japan was compelled to fight a great : war to drive her back. Germany seized : Kiao-chau and a special position in i Shantung. Often China has seemed about ' to be partitioned. Not without reason, j then, does Japan think her propinquity j and the fact that she is the only modern I nation in the Orient warrant her in claiming the trusteeship which the Lan sing-Ishii note recognized. Nor will candid Americans deny the weight of the example we set in Cuba. We expelled Spain from Cuba, as Japan did Germany from Shantung, and when we started on the undertaking declared it not our purpose to annex Cuba. But when the expulsion was achieved we did j not withdraw at once, holding it neces- j sary to establish order first. We would ; have taken it in ill part if Japan or any l other nation had demanded that we fix j an ?vacuation date and have thrown i doubt on our good faith when we re- j fused. We insisted on making the Platt amendment part of Cuba's fundamental ? law and became custodian of Cuba. The : Shantung and the Cuban cases are not related, but there is a sufficient similar ity to excuse a Japanese pointing to what ? we did. In spite of the present claims of China to our sympathy the time has not come to i sign a blank check in her favor. Many reasons can be urged for leaving the liquidation of the German estate in the Far East to Japan. She may not act ; unfairly or exclusively. Messrs. Lansing, White and Bliss think if the President had held out for ! the policy he intimates he personally favored that Japan would have yielded. But if the President and Colonel House ' blundered and their diplomacy was weak, j -foe consequences can be overcome only by proceeding with care. A flat ! refusal to ratify the treaty unies., the ; Shantung clause is changed will scarcely ' contribute to the desired end A proud nation is not likely to bend to a per- I emptory demand. Japan is now in pos- ' session, and the President has consented ! to an indefinite prolongation. Would j we drive Japan out by war? If not, Tokio is more likely to listen to soft than hard words. Some sort of under? standing has been arrived at touching ! Japanese evacuation, and it is prudent ? to await developments?until it is shown ?' whether or not Japan is to respect the understanding. At present at Washing- ? ton Shantung is a word to conjure with, j but it behooves the Senate to weigh ! most seriously all of the questions in? volved in an approval of the recom? mendation of its Committee on Foreign Relations. Besides the delicacy of our relations with Japan it would seem highly inex? pedient to take any action that would jeopardize the peace as a whole or com? pel a reassemblage of the conference. The step taken by the President, how? ever unwise it may have been, is not easily retraceable. Perhaps as far as the Senate may safely go at the present juncture is to make it clear that this -0#Ttry does not approve of the arrane? ment he entered into and reserve? the full right to rediscusa th? matter should Japan's performance not be in accord with the hope? she has raised. Possibly the way to proceed is to put this reser? vation of right into the ratification reso? lution. __________ The City Must Pay The public denies to its employes a right to strike, on the ground that it is an employer which has no thought of profit and thus is to be trusted to do justice. This principle has often been emphatically thrust on the attention of dissatisfied public employes. But the rule is one that imposes obli? gations on the city as well as on those who work for it. The time has arrived when citizens must seriously consider whether justice is being done to policemen, fire? men, clerks and to the others constitut? ing the army of 80,000 to which the city is paymaster. Any one who makes an honest investigation will find it difficult to resist the conclusion that justice is not being d_pne. A policeman now gets $1,650, but little more than he for? merly received. Considering the increase in the cost of living and the demands made on policemen in virtue of their duties, few will seriously contend this is enough. And what is true of police? men is true as to others, particularly true as to the unfortunate clerkly class, who have been unchampioned and whose hardships practically pass unnoted. The policemen and the firemen ask for $150 a year each?an increase of less than 10 per cent. Such moderation seems astonishing when compared with other recent wage demands. If the city escapes with as small an increase as this ! it may deem itself fortunate, and the Board of Estimate should hasten to close the bargain. It is more and more difficult to recruit men and women for city service at the city wage scales. A public job is not as attractive as it was. The disintegration of the city's forces has already begun, the best, of course, going first. The city must pay market prices for service, not only to do justice but to prevent a re rise of sloth and graft. Maligning the A. E. F. In the Magazine Section of The New York Times of last Sunday an anony? mous "Woman War Worker" was per? mitted to indulge, in some surprising mudslinging at the American soldier in France. "Our Bad Boys in France" was the title of her unjustified philippic. The American soldier was represented as overindulging in drink, acting like a cowboy bent on "shooting up the town," being abusive and boorish in restau? rants and other public places, and in? sulting to women, both French women and American women, when the latter were not in service uniforms. There were soldiers "who complained that they did not want to go home be? cause, they could not get anything to drink in America." That remark alone exhibits the profundity of the author's ignorance of the real state of mind of the American soldier. The sublime truth about the Ameri- j can army in France is that no army was ever cleaner, soberer, healthier and bet- I ter behaved. Vice was practically abol- I ished. In his "Social Studies of the War" | Dr. Elmer T. Clark, a Y. M. C. A. in? vestigator and representative of the i various religious newspapers in this i country, speaks repeatedly of the serious I and even deeply spirited character of ' the soldiers with whom he lived for | many months at the front. He contrasts the soldiers' point of view with the point of view of most of the chaplains assigned to instruct them?and the con? trast is in favor of the soldiers. To say that our men overseas were drunk? ards and boors?sorry to go home be? cause there is nothing to drink in the United States?is an outrageous slander. Never was there a body of fighting men more to be trusted, individually and col? lectively, for clean-mindedness, clean heartedness, modesty, sympathy and in? stinctive courtesy. The Times owes its readers and the public an apology. Leal Scots To the Editor of The Tribune. Sir: We append herewith the full text i of a telegram we have just sent Senator Lodge in reference to the plea for "self determination for Scotland" which he has received and which is engaging public ; attention. i We trust that you will give our protest adequate publicity. "THE SCOTTISH AMERICAN," G. CAMERON, Editor. New York, Aug. 25, 1919. [THE INCLOf-URE] August 25, 1919. Hon. H. C. Lodge, Foreign Relations Committee, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: The plea for "self-determi? nation for Scotland" which you have re? ceived from a Mr. George J. Rruce will be obnoxious to the vast majority of leal Scots at home and abroad, for whom your suppliant assuredly does not speak. Mr. Bruce, as in the case of De Valera, is not a native of the country he would represent, but a New Zealander, and we can unqualifiedly state that his .cause is not upheld by tho Scottish press. G. CAMERON EMSLIE, Editor "The Scottish American," Preceding a Rise ( From The' Baltimore Sun) And now we hear from San Francisco that the salmon pack this vear is the poorest in the history of the business. That means that the "grab it" lunch rooms will have another excuse for raising the n?He? of *n_n-kimnfr ?an_-*>?.._..-?a. -? The Conning Tower "THOSE ENDEARING YOUNG CHARM8" The price of rou??, face powder and eyebrow pencil? has advanced dUproportiouatelr.?New? from Brooklyn. "Why so pal? and wan, fair lover, prithee, why so pole?" "Oh rouge is high," ehe made reply, "and I am short of kale." There was a garden In her face Whore roses and white lilies blew; But no mora shall the pencil trace The blackness of her eyebrow's hue. Such artifices none may buy? The price of them Is too darned high. Mr. Herron, at 22, has the golf champion? ship, and if Mr. Brookes, at 42, wins tho lawn tennis championship we should hato to have to write an editorial telling just what was proved by those two facts. If, as old Don Marquis suggests, Mr. Ford is made ruler of the Island of Yap, he should train for the job at Camp Upton. THE DIARY OF OUR OWN SAMUEL PEPYS August 22?Early to the city, and called upon Mistress Cherry, and sate with her at breakfast, and she is joyous over the re? turn to-morrow of her husband from France; and thence to the office, where hard all day at my scrivening, and I had dinner with II. Wheeler, and L. Scott tells me his daughter Helen hath grown to be a great girl. J. Kerrigan tho playactor tells me a tuylo of a man in an Irish fishing village, and how he hud just begun to read, and said, "Shakespeare?he's pretty plain spoken." Home late, and read Daisy Ash ford's "The Young Visitors," and liked it to the full. But all this talk that I hear about its authorship wearies me; for there is no doubt that it was wroto by a girl 9 years of age, upon which I would stake any? thing. And those who hold it was wrote by Mr. Barrie Bhew how little they know of a child's mind, and how faint their recollec? tion of their own thoughts at 9 years. 23?For a long drive with my wife and Mrs. Godsall to Bear Mountain and there for dinner, a flavourless meal though abun? dant. To West Point, and thence to R. Hughes'8 for dinner, and G. Creel there, with the stripes on his trousers vertical and on his socks horizontal, an unrhythmi? cal way of dressing. And R. Hughes and I had words about the transcription of cold in-the-head dialect, I contending that only m and n are affected, but he that 1 and r also undergo mutation. Home, driving faster than my wife enjoyed, and to bed. 24?To the office, and read the publick prints with care, and I find little sympathy with my Lord Woodrow, and I read that Cincinnati is to win the pennant, and I am ashamed that baseball no longer hath any lure for me. Home to dinner, and Mistress Josephine Wise there, and I took her to the train, and was tempted to board it with her, but resisted, as is my way with temptations. 25?Up at seven, and to the city by train, and all day at my desk, forasmuch as it was too rainy for the lawn tennis games. If Mr. Will Rogers were still mono loguitig?and his ruminating animadver? sions upon the theatrical situation would be diverting?our bet is that he'd say that while a lot of the chorus girls might not bo striking, their costumes were. Old StufT Sir: Your Actors' Equity wheeze is literally wheezing with age. I have seen it attributed to some French notable (some member of Ixmls XIV's court, or perhaps Talleyrand?I'm not sure) ; but its debut occurred, so far aa I know, in the paK?^ of Tcrtulliun (somewhere at the end of the second century or the beginning of the third). The great Christian apologist is inveigh in?; against idolatry, against even the making of idols by Christian sculptors and when one of the latter is feebly protesting (De Idolatr?a, Chapter 5), "Non habto aliud quo vivam," he promptly and crushingly makes reply, "Vttiere ergo haben!" Adhlaidb. Speaking of Old Stuff, Mr Rollin Lynde Hartt offers the following, from "Peck's Fun," by George W. Peck, published in : 1880: "Trustworthy advices from the City of Mexico, says a dispatch, show that tho ; country is on the verge of serious trouble. Now, there is stability for you?there is i stick-to-itiveness?there is, we may say, tenacity for you. Other nations which find themselves on the verge of serious trouble fidget around and get up a fuss and can't keep still. But it is not so^with Mexico. Ah, nol When Mexico finds herself on the verge of serious trouble, she sits right down in the sand and dangles her feet over the verge and looks aloft and is firm of | heart. Go there twenty years or forty I years or fifty years afterwards?go there with a handkerchief tied over your eyes, so ! you can't see a thing?feel your way cau tiously along until you come to the verge I of serious trouble?you touch something. : It is Mexico." THE 2.7.? RHYMES Sir: Don't you think some or the actors had I cau.se to strike'' Frexamp, those performer?? ?n ! "A Royal Vagabond." who had to sing, night | alter night, the sins in which "hovel dear" ' triple-rhymed with "luve will hear.'' Bab. Strike or no strike, our support is for the Barney Fagan benefit next Sunday i night. Mr. Fagan's singing?and dancing ? of "My Gal Is a High Born Lady" (with Miss Henrietta Byron) is one of our pleas antest recollections of the year 1895. Conspicuous Waste I've never held views bolshevistic, On State Operation I frown, The car-owning workman's sophistic Complaints I cannot swallow down. But when foot-sore and weary and des? perate, From hunting apartments in vain, I pass all these boarded-up mansions, j By Trotzky, it drives me insane! P. G. - "During his long experience," advertises j Hartford's candid dentist, Dr. J. Henry Fagan, "the doctor has not had one patient ? come back." Window washers may strike, but the base? ball writers' friend, "J. Pluvius," washes on forever. It is the conviction of J. II. A., a smoker, that most of the matches are non-union. Speaking, in the phraBe of Prof. Veblen, of Conspicuous Waste, the Democratic Party wants a ?$10,000,000 campaign fund. F V A Shrunken Dollar? Swollen Profits By James E. Neville Of the Northwestern National Bank, Minneapolis TWENTY years ago Charles A. Pills bury, long deceased, then the most prominent figuro in the milling in? dustry of the United States, a staid business man not given to emotion, but al? ways intensely interested in tho prosperity of the Northwest, mnrehed in at the head of a brass band upon the trading floor of the Minneapolis Chamber of Commerco, where there was much excitement. A wonderfully beneficial thing hud happened. Wheat, that end experienced a terrific fall in price fol? lowing the collapse some years before of the j famous "Joe" Leiter corner in Chicago, again i had pold at the dollar mark. Everywhere throughout Minnesota, North Dakota and .Joath Dakota there was gladness. Dollar wheat meant general prosperity. Bankers of Minneapolis. St. Paul and Du luth have been recalling this incident and others as the high-priced grain crop raised th?3 year has begun to come to market in ever increasing volume. They have been wondering what Mr. Pillsbury and James J. Hill and other pioneers would think could they come back to-day and see conditions | as they are. It may be that somewhere in the world i there is an area comparable in size to that of the three states mentioned that is to i day us prosperous. It is doubtful if any one could be found out here who would ad? mit It. Perhaps no other part of the coun? try shows more impressively how readily the people and the business interests adjust themselves to new and unprecedented con? ditions. Prices have reached levels the pre? diction of which a few years ago would have endangered the reputation for sanity of any one predicting them. Or, to put it as the economists see it, the dollar has shrunk. Whether we measure from the dol | lar upward or from the price range down to I the dollar, it is much the same, after all. A I condition of unprecedented prosperity due i to price enhancement is upon this part of j the united States. Nor is it altogether true ? that this is common experience and hence ! no different out here, for there are some phases of the situation that are peculiarly of interest here. Before the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, lato in July, presented to Presi? dent Wilson their appeal for a wage in? crease, stating that unless the advancing cost of living could be checked it would dc them little good even if they got it, old cror ! spring wheat of highest grade had sold a; high as $3.05 a bushel in Minneapolis, as | against the government's guaranteed mini' | mum to the farmer of ?52.21 .2. New spring wheat, some early grain cut in advance 01 tho general harvest, had brought $2.70. Bar ley, corn, rye and oats all were ranging high. As for flaxseed, that in the years wel back sold at times at 96 cents a bushel, i had topped the $6 line and had sold a $6.28. There was little wonder, then, that the ad vanee in farmland prices, which reache levels that the most optimistic l^nd mai would not have dared to predict a few yean back, should have started. . . . Always history intrudes. In 1907 liv? I hogs, that recently sold at South St. Paul I for $21 and $22 a hundred, sold at $4. In that year of money panic, with the grain i movement starting and a question whether ! the banks could finance it, there was big news i in the announcemer.t that James J. Hill and William H. Dunwoody, then president of a Minneapolis bank, had arranged with East? ern bankers for $5,000,000 with which to carry on. Now it is predicted that the Min neapolis-St. Paul bank figures when the grain crop is at its height will reach totals | never before recorded, and Theodore Wold j governor of the Reserve Bank, speaks o. i loaning $100,000,000 for crop moving pur poses as if it were a mere incident of th< year. Later manifestation of the price trend ha: been shown in city realty advances tha have been remarkable. Minneapolis and SI Paul may not be unlike other centres in thi respect, but here the situation has bee: made somewhat different by the many new comers. Not less than 100 Eastern busines firms, dealing in everything from apparel t farm machinery, have in the last fe* months opened branches or selling offices i the Twin Cities. Demand for downtow store space has taken all vacancies. Th dwelling house problem has been acut New construction, under way despite th high cost of building material and labo will relieve the situation, but it will mea that a greater proportion of the people hei will live in apartments, as they do in Ne York, Chicago, Pittsburgh or Boston. It becoming more and more a luxury now own one's own home, while not ten yea: ago nearly every one of a family had his ov home and flat buildings were few and f? between. . . . Abundant prosperity everywhere prevai The volume of business done this fall w be the greatest by far. The standard of li ing never was so high. People are bett clad, better shod, eat better food and li better in general than they ever did befo. Automobile dealers, and there are ma; here, find their greatest difficulty in maki delivery. Demand is keen for every kind car, except that, naturally, sales of the ve high-priced ones are not so numerous. O manufacturer, putting out a new car of go size, five and seven passenger, that sells 1 $1,350 and looks like much for the mon was swamped with orders the first week tl he had his showroom open. As for the bankers and their attitu toward it all, they belie**e in it. Money abundant and the ultimate source of mor supply is near. Reasonable conservatism urged on all who are expanding their bu ness, and sometimes when a new busin enterprise is discussed the banker's ad\ is that which Mr. Punch used to give thise about to get married, "Don't." But prosperity is going to last, the ba ers believe. This territory, with the exception of M tana, has crops that are running i enormous figures; the crops are coming market, the money inflow is on, the farrr are rich and everybody else prospers w the farmers prosper. China and Shantung To the Editor of The Tribune. Sir: I am annexing a part of a letter from my brother, L. Vincent Collings. The letter was written on June 29, 1919, from Poyang Lakes, China, and throws consid? erable light on tho way the Chinese are taking the Shantung matter. L. E. COLLINGS. You would hardly think that what they do at the peace conference would be felt awry in the interior of China. But it has been felt. Unfortunately the powers gave the province of Shantung to the Japanese. It was formerly controlled by the Chinese, then tak?in by the Germans and then by the Japs when war broke out. The Chinese had hoped to get it back, as it is an integral part of China. They should hav<> got it bac*k. It is a shame that the big powers were in such a position that their secret treaties made them give it to the Japs. The Chinese were very much disappointed and quite aroused. Led by the students and returned students, they have organized a boycott of all Japanese goods, which are sold in great quantities throughout China. They ran the Chinese Minister to Tokio out and made several other officials that have been "dickering" with the Japs get out. Shops were closed for a time, meetings were held and many demonstrations took place in the larger places, showing how they dislike the Japs. The city walls were decked with Jap? anese goods on which were painted turtles. This is the worst thing that a Chinese can use to show his dislike. To be called a turtle is the worst name possible. The boycott still j continues. Whether they will hold out for i any length of time and shut out Japanese ! goods is the question. I doubt if they can, because they have no goods of their own j manufacture or goods from other countries with which to replace the Japanese goods. However, this boycott ushers in a new day ! for tho Chinese. I think it is the first i time that even a small proportion of the , people have asserted themselves and made '? the government listen to their wishes. It will \ be fine if they do not carry it too far now ) after they have driven out a few of the I corrupt officials. There is no doubt but what the Japanese are getting a great footholi in China. They have Corea and they are i_ control in Man churia. They now have Shantung, according I to the peace treaty. They own many of the mines in China. They do much of the ship- j ping here. They have special rights here ? and there. Everywhere they have postoffices I and consulates. In the big cities they have j big garrisons of soldiers. And they are j loaning money all the time and getting cer- j tain concessions for it. It is a peaceful con- ? quest for the control of China. And unless the other powers watch out the open door of China will be closed and Japan will have the latchkey. But Sing We Shall iFrom The Bridgeport Standard-Telegram) Of course, we still have women and song, V??-|f -?r....V.?~ ?>?_ "-?fir -T. i-r\TT\*\v TCS -.TI!? The Avaricious Maid To the Editor of The Tribune. Sir: May I also, through your paper, add my indorsement in the letter of "An Old Housekeeper," which appeared in The Tribune of August' 16. A very similar experience has been mine, so that the truth of the letter is easily understood. Allow me to mention one incident. After increasing the wages of my last maid three times, she still asked for more money. When I told her that the work which she was asked to do did not command a higher comp^nsa tion, she said that others were getting more money an?i that she must have it too. Naturally, I dismissed her. She was most insulting an?1 left in a lit of rage. She lik<d her home with us because the work was easy and the privileges ?inusual. Kindness and consideration had nothing to do with her discontent and insulting attitude. It was pure greed and avarice and a determination to have her own way in the matter. ' It goes without *he saying that well-born and well-bred Americans are never lacking in courtesy toward any one with whom they may come in contact, and the courteous word is instinctively spoken at the proper time without thought or discrimination. New York, Aug. 20, 1919. A. T. The Source of Trouble To the Editor of The Tribune. Sir: In reply to "An Old Housekeeper," I should like to point out that from her letter it is very easy to see tho reason of all her troubles with servants. She evidently is of that class of housekeeper who sets herself up as a demigod, carrying a very superior air, never failing to. knock servants at all times before her friends, and then wondering why she has trouble with them. In most cases the attitude of the mistress toward her servants tells the whole story, and until the former realizes that the more she changes help the harder it is for her to keep help she will constantly have trouble. While over in England last year, Lady -, working as a dishwasher in a London hospital, said to me as I commented on her doing such work: "Well, it has taught me one thing, and that is?servants have a great deal to put up with. For instance, I never believed a girl when she told me that 'this glass broke while I was wiping it,' or 'that old vase simply fell apart.' But now I know that such things do happen without one being careless." In conclusion, I should like "An Old House? keeper" to read Ephesian? vi, 8 and 9, and then perhaps she will find the reason of her thirty-five years of trouble, in spite of the usual cry of he? kind that "the more I do for them the less they do for me." FREDERICK MORRIS. Greenwood, Va., Aug. 18, 1919. This Plum for Plumb (From The Montgomery Advertiser) Yeah, Mr. Plumb' a peach. He wouldn't have much to loae by revolution. He'd ?/?hW- Ik- -'--:-?*_?.*"'"VS-r'SS'dt* ?3 History Repeats To the Editor of The Tribune. Sir: It is very seldom that one ls ab! to see with entire clearness how ??-trate' history really "repeats itsflf " It ;? -, too often stated by the unthinking that th events that we have b->?-n witnessing ?broad during the past few months are entire!, new to the experience of th? world u,a that they will put an entirely new face aj_oa historical development. ?alt may be that we ar-. wrong in belie*, ing that such an attitude is i-correct, bat we are very much str*r_.r*'nened in oar be? lief by the history of what took p!aCe at the Congress of Vienna one hundred year? ago. This has be?*n very c) early set forth by Sonia E. Howe in "A Thousand Years of Russian History," one of trie few in_ thoritative and readable histories of Rusii?, which we have in English. If we but change the name?, of the char? acters and the place? to -h?-?-?.-? that have been so prominent in th? Par?, r.egotls tions we can see the exact picture of what ha-* transpired there. The acrour.. rung at follows: "A few month?* af*er his ret-jrr. hi rAlexander, Czar of Russia] entrusted hit empire once more to the care r>' his former tutor, Cour.t Saltykov, wh ?? he went to Vienna In order to particij ite in the con eress called for the purpose of definitely settling the affairs of Ejr< r---. I- vas ? brilliant gathering, :n which all that tbs world had to offer of allui ? mp and glory was displayed. Osti - Wai Alexander who took the Y : ? - h ? ?re <je liberations, but th" wire- re Met* ternich and Talleyrand. ' . - .- .-r re. adjustments of territory th t of . wtt ; divided for the fourth time. A. tandti wished to unite all the * king. dorn of Poland into an au1 - state, England and Austria opposed these pisns, Thus his generous inti nti e Poles came to naught; but the c :tioni to ? the Emperor's proposal:- were made not by Austria and Prussia, who would have had | to surrender their Po!i..h possessions, bat by Lord Castlereagh. who feami so great ! an increase to Russia's power and in. fluence. . . . "It was during his second visit to Par!, that Alexander astonished r.-.?* world by propounding a scheme for a unique al? liance which had been in his mind ever since the battle of Leipp c This 'Holy Alliance,' he hop.J, woul usher in an era of peace. . . . "Alexander had become a < nctly re? ligious man; according to h..- own con? fession, he had consecrated himself to the furtherance of the glory oi God He per? stiaded his allies to join with him in carry? ing out the ideal of basing political rela? tions on the teaching of the Gospel, which was to be the only lini ' inter? national as well as domestic p. "Such principles had not been enunciated by any ruler since 847, when the sens of Louis le D?bonnaire had taken an ir.-erest in the welfare of their 'common kingdom' and had publicly urged the necessity 'to live in peace and harmony as demanded by the laws of fraternity and the wiil of God.' "Love and good will, justice and righteous ness were to reign among nations and rulers, who were all to be counted member! of one Christian family. The three signa? tories to this remarkable document, who were absolutely sincere in their intentions, promised to look upon themselves solely as instruments of Divine Providence. All powers willing to accept the principles laid down in this document were welcomed into the 'Holy Alliance' with 'the greatest heartiness and brotherly love.' "The Papal spates and England refused to sign. Lord Castlereagh, on behalf of the latter country, replied tl ?.* the English Parliament was composed of practical men who were willing to vote subsidies .and join alliances for offensive or defensive purposes, but that they would not eign a declaration containing merely Scriptural principles, which would be nothing less than a reversion to the times of trie saints of Cromwell. "The world, however, was not yet ready for this kind of millennial rule, ai ? -it was not very long before Alexander himself flagrantly contradicted by his actions '.hat to which he and his friends had solemnly subscribed; indeed, under the influence of Metternich, this alliance degenerated into a league of kings against nations. "Before the monarchs separated they agreed among themselves to meet periodi? cally to discuss any plans they had been formulating in the meanwhile tor the fur? therance of their people's welfare and for the maintenance of the peace of Europe. "It seems as if the inherent weakness of the Emperor's character reasserted itself as soon as his aims with regard to -Napoleon had been achieved. Shilder calls this 'period of congresse..' which follows, and which lasts from 1816 until 1825, a 'period of reaction.' In fact, Alexander's foreign policy was more or less confined to con? gresses, where deliberations were held on international or domestic problems common to all states at that time. At the gather? ings at Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818, at Troppau in 1820, at Laibach in 1821 a:;d at Verona in 1822 the monarchs tried to regulate af? fairs in Europe on the principles laid down by the 'Holy Alliance.' They believed that they were acting as guardians of trie wel? fare of the peoples of Europe; but, as a matter of fac, it soon became apparent that it was their own welfare that they were guarding, and the outcome of these royal assemblies was merely the estab? lishment of their several monarchies on ? firmer footing and the suppression of every liberal movement. The 'Hoiy Ailianca' ended in discord in the year 1821." This was written in 1910 or 1917, yet i* is just as if a mirror had,been held up before the Congress of Versailles of 1919. There is a new set of men, to be sure, but they play identical parts, pawn off in th? same way different stretches of the earth and are impelled by the same age-old idea?. The comparison docs not, of course, prove that the present plan f?r a league of na? tions, or holy alliance, or what not, will fa:?: yet it is an interesting comparison and ) -11 cause us not to be any too sanguine of good results. ROBERT D. CHASE. New York, Aug. 6, 1919. The Nailed Brush i Tho -_rvo__.i' Nail brushes are nailed to th? wall above the washstands in a London club. "You don't mean to say," a visitor said, "that the members steal the nail brushes, and you have to nail them down ?" "No," said the porter. "Not that, sir. Many of our members now have only one arm. ' We nail our nail brushes to th?