I I
2 THE SUN SUNDAY FEBRUARY 8 1880
uu
JCUXK XKir JIOUK3
wlnbarn study al IIhkp
SInco Victor Hugos monograph tho most
curious nml Interesting piece ot Shakespearean
commentary comes to us from the author of
Erocthous anti Chnitolnnl Of Into years
tho morn acute nnd authoritative expoundersof
Bhnkcapeares text tino adopted a now method
framed on 1 closo analysis of the changes In
rhythm nnd rhymo which nre alleged to murk
suocossUo stages of tlm poets growth In
technical felicity Inasmuch nsno livingmnker
of English vorso line shown such nconsumnto
mastery of It mechanism and melody as has
Mr Swinburne wo should naturally Katun with
eagerness nnd repot to his judgment on the
new processes and results of Shakespearean
j criticism Other motives too besides n sense of
the author peculIar fitness for his tusk at
tract us to tho volume entitled A Stuilv of
fVtaitiiieart by AIIIKHNON CimiiK88vviNiiunKE
OVorthtnctonl Allki by their merits and
their defects the prose writings of Mr Swin
burne are calculated to hold the our and fire the
fancy of the mOit lIstless reader There Is In
thorn the same grasp on tho resources of our
language tha samu affluence of ncljoctlro and
nice delineation of the finer shades of moaning
which delight uai In his verso while on the other
band the lame Intomporance of thought which
dlsllgurod omo ot his minor lyrics here finds
Tontln frantlo and tumultuous InvectUe Yet
even Mr Swinburnes par xsyms may be
likened to thu spasms of a Dolphlo priestess
amid whose ravines now and then the heedful
ear detects I sentence of largo Import At
the worst It may be laid of this remarkable
Tolumo that even those paces whlah toll us little
nothlneof Shakespeare us much about
Hwlnburno Just as Victor Hugos monograph
was Ions an exposition of his subjuct than a
revelation of himself
Mr Swinburne wastes no time on tho verbal
emendations of Stoovens and his school or on
the philosophic theories evolved by Ulrlcl and
other German crItics Ho sees far more sig
nificance In the new method of Interpretation
founded on the obvious principle that a singer
must b tested by his song that as tho tech
nical work of a painter appeals to the ore so
the technical work of 1 poet appeals to tho car
The Inference however from Mr Swinburnes
further statement Is that this method only
applicable by one who Is himself a firstrate
artist Of course an affirmance which would
dny thn competence of critics like Wlnkolmann
and Leasing cannot be accepted for a moment
I but tho delightful arrogance which claims for
Victor Hugo and himself exclusive authority
the field of Shakespeaieancomment Is character
istic of this whole volume I Is acknowledged
b the author that no line of study can bo more
useful to a student of Shakespeare than the
tracing of his Intellectual growth by the devel
opment through various modes and changes of
his metre Wo do not need to bo told that such
noo
an Inquiry Into the music of verso cannot be
fruitfully prosecuted by those whoso oars are ex
ceptionally dull or deplorably long mat In the
case of n deaf student no proficiency In gram
mar and arithmetic no sulunco of numeration
nUleraton
and no scheme of prosody would ho of the least
avail rroporly understood however what Is
called tho metrical teat Is probably the surest
key to one side of Shakespeares secret and we
should have been glad to see such nn expert In
numbers as Mr Sn Inburno undertake Its appli
cation But this he declines to do giving us
Instead many brilliant variations on the com
monplaco thought that the Inner and outer
qualities of a pots work are of tholr very na
ture Indivisible and that the source of melody
cannot be seIzed by the Ingenious devlco of
counting syllables and tabulating rhymes I Is
true enough that tho Intricate and delicate sub
tittles of movement and assonance which con
tribute so much to the charm of Mr Swin
burnes lyrics form only tho hUlk or shell of
the artists work but It Is f equally selto > ldent
that without a careful scrutiny of hla metrical
adjustments and complexities wo should often
fall to appreciate or even to apprehend thu
gist worth and difficulty of hit achievement
In a word wo did not expect from the author
of this volume a bald list of tho double
< lst
or single masculine or feminine termina
tions discoverable In n gIven amount of Shakes
pearei verse Wo did look however for tho
guidance which can be given by no metro
monger or colorgrinder the suggestion
have discern tho
which might helped us to dlscrn
cause and the effect of every cholca or change
of rhythm and of tint to comprehend the reason
and result of every shale and tone which com
pose and complete tho graduated scale of har
o monies This Is the kind of criticism which
Mr Swinburne assures us Is most authentic i
and most fruitful but after raising our hotus
and formulating his programme ho elves us
nothing of tho sort From tho first page to the
last ot tho book before us there la I not n lIne of I
metrical nnnlvsls of that technical exposition I
which In the authors hands might have had
rich results Wo are merely treated to a series
j of dicta pronounced oxcntha of judgments
boned on general principles or rcllectlnc Indi
vidual taste Inasmuch however a the Indi
vidual Mr Swlnburno those oracular utter
1 ances will ba heard with attention and not In
frequently with profit The book ns wo hinted
at tho outset adds really nothing to our knowl
edge of Shakespeares life and work or to what
I may bo termed the science of metrical exegesIs
but Its disclosure of personal opinions sympa
thies and prejudices will be scanned with tho
relIsh provoked by autobiographies by those
who recognize In Mr Swlnburnu the foremost
I of living English poets
Swinburne loses no opportunity of express
Ing his admiration for Marlowo Tin thinks
that the latter effected by the Introduction of
blank verse very much such n revolution on
tho English stage o Victor Hugo has attempt
ed on the French etago In our own day
Rhyme ho says was Shakespeares evil angel I
which only yIelded stop by stop and note by
note 10 the Influence ot that bettor genius who
urged him Into Madowus loftier puth Ho af
firms too that oven In Home I wo
except some of tho Sonnets Shakespeare
I never did anything worth Mnrlovvon Huro
old Lonndor and Hint In none of his earlIer
plays did ho touch tho loM reached at one
bound by the author of Tnmberlnlno Ho
cannot find 1 scene for Instance In Itichiird
Jjand he does not except tho death scene of
Gaunt comparable for power and pnM lon to
the magnificent scene of abdication In Mar
lowes Edward I Itlclrtrd III on the
other hand which of all 8hnkonpenrus plays
most distinctly belongs to the school of Mar
lowe ho pronounces n bettor plnco of work
than Murlovro ever aId Hut he will not pro
nounce It bottur than Marlowo could
have done I Is not ho says for any man
to measure ahovn all It Is not for any
workman In tho Held of tragic poetry lightly to
I tnke on himself the responsibility of saying
what It IB that Christopher Murlowe could not
I k have performed Hut vhlln the latter has left
t no work so variously admlrnbloas Itlchatd
I IIIour author dooms It certain that but for
r him this play could uuver have boon written
j At a Inter date tho subject would have been
handled otherwise hud tho tot choson to
hnnillolt at all and In his youth ho could not
i hue treated It HS helms without the guidance
antI cxntnpli I of the curlier master Mr Swlii
bur thinks the highest point attaIned by
Shakespeare In his first period lay In thin do
main of romnntlo comedy whore the younger
1 poet applied to new and dollelous use the in
strument of blank vorno fashioned by Marlowe
for tragic purposts mono The dm at passage
for Instance thu real crown and flower ol
Loves ibors Lost Is Mr Hwlnbiirnu In
lets the praise or apology of love spoken by
Illron In blank verso This wa arc told Is I
worthy of Murluws for dignity und nweutness
but It has also tILe gracn of u light I and radiant
fancy enamored of Itself begotten bctwvcn
t thought and mirtha childgod wltu grave
p lips and laughing eyes
I Mr Swlnburno follows Dryden In affirming
that neither In Its first nor In Its last Mage
would the styli of Sliukmuuuro bo I perfect HIM
blameless model men worn I possible hy I study
to reproduce It He differs from Drvdon how
IOl In declaring that tll IIOAn a mllli
I
style that In which the typical plays of his 10
ond period are written would Da were ImltA
lon practicable the most absolute pattern that
could be set before man To this category bo
long by spIrItual order If not by Into ot actual
successIon the greatest of his English histories
and four of his most perfect comedies Speak
Ing of King John Mr Hwlnburne thinks
hat tho national side of Shakespearos genius
his nover found such heroic expression
ns In the figure of tho Dastard of Inuluon
brIdge Him ho calls tho English master
work of Bhakcspearoa hand whom wo may
well accept ns the best man known to us that
I England over madethe hero that Nelson must
have been had ho never come too near Naples
As to tho problem propounded to the students
of Shakespeare by tho play of Henry VIII
Swlnburno docs not offer a satisfactory solu
tion I Is now generally admitted by critics
whom even our author must respect that n part
of this play Including tho dying spntsch ot
Buckingham tho death sceneo of Katharine
he farewell of Wolsoy to his greatness and
the Cardinals parting ecene with Cromwell
was written by Fletcher Mr Swinburnes ob
actions to this view are spread over many
pages but Imply amount to this that In his
opinion Fletcher never wrote anything quite
equal to those scenes
In his estimate of FalstnfT Swinburne takes
widely different ground from Victor Hugo
who has laid that tho dynasty of horse
sense begun In Panurge anti continued
In Sancho Panzn found a vicious and abor
Ive ofhhoot In Pnlstnff Mr Swinburne re
minds us of the fine touoh conveyed In Mrs
ucklys remark on the Kings Indifference to
ils old boon companion The King has killed
his hear Hero Is a point In FalstafTs nature
to which Shakespeare reverts when ho makes
even Pistol and Nym see that what now alls
their master Is DO such malady as In the old
days would play the rogue with his great to
Tho King they note hath run bad humors on
the knight anti again his heart racted f and
corroborate I Is this capacity of sentiment
which Mr Swinburne thinks distinguishes
tnlstnfT from Panurge and that lifts him above
the moral level of Sancho Inuza who was ca
pable ot affection but not ot such love R may
end or evon seem to end In anything like heart
break As to the Merry Wives of Windsor
tie accepts the tradition which reports It to have
been made to order and belIeves thnt tho gun
ulna FalstaH Is not reproduced at nil In the
credulous and baffled dupe exhibited In that
piece The plea augmented by Shakespeare
hImself In the way of excuse for thla patent
Incompatibility viz that wit may b turned t
Idlotcy chen ts on III employment will com
mend Itself more readily to the preacher than
to thn thlnkor to tho sophIst than to the artist
Mr Swlnburno cannot Imagine tbo veritable
prIstIne Flltlr reduced to the proffer of such
1 Philistine apology In serious good earnest
Mr Swinburne agrees with Shakespeares
French translator In considering Julius
T9artn nil points like the greatest works of
the poets middle period and unlike tho works
of his last In the portrait ot Urutus ho thinks
that Shakespeare has made amends If not to all
modern democrats yet assuredly to all histori
cal republicans for his normal preference of
royal to popular traditions That preference U
flagrant In many passages ot his plays and es
pecially In those whlah treat of Cades Insurrec
tion There Is too much ground for nfllrm
Ing that t Shakespeare the people risen In
revolt for any just or unjust cause is al
ways the mob the unwashed rabble the
swinIsh multitude Full a he Is ot ten
derness for Individual character of pity for
personal suffering he has no deeper or finer
feeling than scorn for tho beast with many heads
that fawn or butt A they are swayed by the
breath of any worthless herdsman For tho
drovers of such cattle his store of bitter
words Is Inexhaustible Is Indeed a
treasure house of obloouy which can
never bo drained dry In Brutus on tho other I
hand wo have perhaps the noblest figure of t a
typIcal and ideal republican In literature Thu I
distinction between the demagogue and the re
publican Is I Illustrated by Mr Swinburne In tho
following sentences A democracy such as
yours In America Is my abhorrence wrote
Lnndor once to an Impudent and foulmouthrd
Yankee phllojophastar who had Intruded him
self on that great mans privacy lu order to I
have the privilege of afterward InformIng
readers ot a pitiful pamphlet on England that I
Landor had pestered him with Southey nn I
Impertinence I may add which Mr Lnndor at
once rebuked with the sharpest contempt and
chastised with the haughtiest courtesy Jut the
old friend nnd lifelong champion ot Kosouth
went on to say his feelings were far difTer I
ont toward n republic and If on the one
point than not lens certainly on the other we
may bo assured that hla convictions and pre
possessions wouVl have been shared by the mi
thor ot Corlnlnnus and Julius Osir In
connection with1 this topic we may point out
that Mr Swinburne enlnrues on the eUdnce
given In King Learot a sympathy with the
mass of social misery more wide and deep than
Shnkenpenro line shown elsewhere With the
help of this play our author endeavors some
what unsuccessfully to provo that Shakespeare
should ba clnsnod on the political side ot his
nature with Shelley and Hugo rather than with
Goethe and Gautlor He admits that Slmkes
pears was not a poet ot revolution as non of
hIs country In that generation could have been
He declare however that na surely as the cre
ator of Julius Cicaar approved himself In tho
best and highest enso of tho term at least po
tentially a republican so surely has the author
of King Lear avowed himself In the only
good antI rational dense pt t the words a spiritual
It not a political democrat and socialist
Mr Hwlnburne discusses at some length
what ho terms an Indomitable and lr
radienblu fallacy of Shakesporenn criticism
viz the tnudency to find tho keynote of Hum
lets character In the quality of Irresolution
lie thinks tho compulsory expedition to Eng
land and Hamlets exhibition of hotheaded
personal Intrepidity In tho ensuing sea fight
serve no purpose whatever in the play but that
of demonstrntnl tho Instant and almost un
scrupulous resolution of Homluta character
In time of practical need To Mr Swinburne
It Is plain that the signal characteristic of Ham
lets nature was by no moans hesitation or
any form of moral Infirmity but rather
thu strong conflex of contending forces It Is
true uuough that during four acts Hamlet does
not mako UD his mind to any dIrect alli dnllb
erne action against his undo but this Mr
Hwlnburno would nsorlbo to the fact l thnt Ham
let Imd somewhat rtioro of mind than another
man to make uu and might properly want
somewhat more time to do I In This of
course Is 1 very different view from Goetluis
who explained Hamlets hesitation by an Innnto
Inadequacy to his task and an unconquHrabla
weakness of the will and also from Victor
Hugos who referred llt to an Irromadl iblo propensity
pensity to nebulous Intellectual rellnomont
Mr bwluburnu lavishes some of his strongest
adjectives on the absurd presentation usually
given on thii stage to the blutT soldIerly trust
worthy figure ot honest Ingu I Is pitiful ha
says to sun that most perfectly dIsguIsed nnd
thoiofure most mortal effective ot evildoers
modellod by silly actors after 1 inembor of the
secret t police 1 would scout totally Impossible
for actors to understand that Ingo Is not I
wuuldbn detective an aspirant for the honors
of n Vldoeq tint ha Is no less I than Lapldns or
than Anthony horse n tried and nlli int nol
llor On the wholJ1 however Mr Swlnburnn
eoiiHldrrn It not unnatural that the two diiepost
and subtlest of nil Slukespenros Intellectual
studies In good and evil should be the two most
painfully misused and mIsunderstood alike by
his commentators and his follow of the stage
I Is certainly undenlnhlo that no third figure of
Hlmkesp < mr creatIon tins over Imun on both
sides aA consistently inlsconcolved and inlnrup
n8mtod us hamlet and lago
Wa must find room lor one or two citations
from Mr Swinburnes rhapsody on Cleopatra
Ho begins by reminding us of llyrons ststn
mint In Mooru that thn Intturs tlm confound
ed lmuknf thin prurient jingle had heart the
original cause of all his erratic erotlo frail
lltu1 it is I tot impossible says our author
that spirits of another sort may remember
that to their own Innocent Infantine percep
tions tha first obscure olectrlo revelation of
what Illnke calls the Eternal Female was
given through a blind wondering thrill ot
childish rnpturo by a lightning on tho baby
dawn ot their senses anti theIr soul from the
sunrise of Shakespoaros Cleopatra lingoes
on to show how tho father ol ItnBallnd of
Cordelia ot DcsJomoni nnd of Imogen has
seemed to put aside for her xako all other forma
and figures of womnnhood how ho too like
the Sun God and seller of nil song has nn
ohornd hU eyes on her whom Phuibuss am
orous pinches could not leave black on I
that incarnate anti tmpurlahnblo spirit ot
sense to whom avon tho strokoot death clime
ns a lovers pinch Mr Swinburnes estimate
of Slmktfponros Clnopiitru is summed up In
thesis words that wlierens her creator hnsiilae
wh ro given ue In doil Incarnation the peifect
mother the perfect wilt tho perfect daughter
tho perfect mlntroai or the perfect maiden horn
only once for nil ho has given us tlu < perfect
and tho everlasting woman M W II
The IIraax Nnreollo lt nd In A sift and
Soulh America
Ono of the earliest attempts to cxpnnd tho
popular acquaintance with tho practical lessons
of chemical science was mails In JOHNSTONS
Chrmistru of Common Jife first published liven
tyfive years ago Thn progresso Inrjuln alnco
that epoch hut rendered n new I edition of tho
book desirable anti tho work fif revIsion nnd
addition hns been carefully performod by Mr
A 1 Ciiuncii In the olumo now issued by the
Appletons Mr Church Is himself fnxoinbly
known as the author several lucid anti trust
worthy hnndbooks on topics relating to the
applications ot chemistry nnd In the por
tions here contributed by himself ho hns
striven not unsuccessfully to emulate
tho cogency of method and simplicity
of style which distinguished tho orIginal Iron
tlse Ills additions comprise snmn Milunblo
matter which had boen glenticd by Prof John
ston and Inserted In that writers private copy
ot the first edition Altogether tho book In Its
present form deserves to nmlnttin Us old pre
eminence ns a readable exposition of tho main
uses of chemistry In the dally life of man Of
peculiar Interest will be found thn chapters
which discuss the clfoct ot thu nrlous narcotics
Including opium tolncco Indian hemp tho
betel nut tho coca lon the red thorunpplo
and the Siberian fungus Some of tho data re
lating to the least fninlllnr of thnso narcotising
agents dcdono particular attention
Few persons appreciate to what extent cer
tain race are addicted to forms of narcotic
Indulgence with which AncloSnxons nre al
most wholly unacquainted According to tho
work before us thu use of Indian hemp 1 obtains
among upwards 200000000 of human beings
dispersed ocr I large put t ot tho enrth viZ In
Persia India nnd Turkey throughout tho
whole continent of Africa from Morrocoto tho
Capo ot Good Unite and even in llrnnl One
hundred millions of len In China Hllnlootnn
and the Eastern Archipelago consume for the
same narcotic purpose the betel nut and betel
popper Acnln the chewing of cOla M 1 more or
less practised among some 10000000 of the
human nice As regards the Ir8 named of these
agents It seems at first sIght curious that tho
narcotic properties ot hump should never hao
obtained popular recognition in southern Eu
rope when we constldoi that our common plant
eo extensively cultivated for lu Hire difTers In
essentIal feature from thn Indian
no l senlli teltur varIety
which from the remotest tlmep his boon cele
brated In tho East for Its vir
tues In northern cllmttes however tho uo
cullar resinous sutstancn residing in the sap
Is sogmnll that It would niturilly escape obser
vation Vet In such Intlttnlns the
nlon oven II Illtllo growing
plant emits a peculiar smell which sometimes
occasions headache and giddiness In those who
remain long In I thn hump field In Iirts of In
dia the resinous pxiidntion Iso ntmndint that
It may bo gathered by thn hand in I t lie trimo
war ns opium rise resin obtained In this wil
ls the mot highly prized nnd lx I known as tho
waxen fhnrriit I appear that men the tops
ami tender parts ot tho plant when dried are
powerful narcotic ngents but tlio sods It Is
saidare not used for this purpose Tho prepar
ation known ns hashish lu SyrIa Is mid Ir
boiling llio leaves nnd fi > wers of the hemp with
water to which ncertiin iiunntty of butter hurts
been ndded stud evainrntiiiL and strilnlng the
decootlon Tho butler thus becomes crnrjod
with the nctlo resinous principle of tho plant
anti acquires n greenish color 1 Is act to have
a rancId taste mini heneo Is commonly mixed
with sweetmenw nod aromatic so as to form n
sort of electuary Onn of thus confections
used iitnongtlni Moor 1 > called rMrfh 1 rnnnd IP
old itt nn enormoub inca nnutlier Is I well
known nt Constantinople I under the rmnin of
mailjaun nnd is reputed to tnse s aphrodisiac
powers Tho dried pliiit Is also smoked all
sometimes chool tire or ten trains reduced
to powder balm mixed with common to
bacco In n pipe or nnnlnle The pure
resin nud resinous extract are gout
orally swallowed In the form of pills
or boluseu In ono or other of these forms tha
hemp plant appliers to hnvo ben usnd from
Miry early tItmice Herodotus for inM mce tolls
us thnt thu ancient Seythl ma excited thom
Helves by Inhaling I Its it par Tho potion which
Homer makes Hulon administer to Telnnchus
was prepared from n plant said to have lent
rncured from Thebes in Eilit wliern there
Is I reason to belIeve n knowlidgu of tlinqunh
los t ot liemt iclsti d ns early tub thn nlghtoemn
dynasty 1701 I C Thor is I no doubt that
hemp t Is often mentioned under thu name of
bet In I tho Arabian Nlglits t wn may add 1
thnt tho derivation of tho English word asses
sin from tho haililsheens or homptntlng fol
lowers of the Old Min of the Mountain nonius
to bo generally ncknowlcd Tho olTncts ot
the churrus or nntutnl resinous uxtiditlon
have been cnredilli stumul kit In I Indli 1 by cr rn
petont physlcirtiis Wo tire toll that when taken
In I nioderntlon I prodiiees Increase of tip Pt ito
anti great mental cheerfulness while in excess
It causes an extraordinary Lind I I or ilcllilum
and catalepsy In tho latter eiso tho limbs of
thus tat lent can by placed In I mury I muluigi italic
attitude nut they will remain perfectly t > ta
tlonury In violation of the Jaws of gravity tho
brain meanwhile being almost Insensible to
linprisslons from without I baa been proved
also by ox purl mutunt that I hut hump cxtrnt
exorcises the Kline cxtriorditiniy Inlluenco
upon other animals ns trail us mum man audit
Is I believed that tiiovvoudei fill I ft iNof the Indian
klro mind hnnku dimmer of India nhuuld
In many elites be ixplaned by their
ninploiiiuvU ol this nguiit It appears thnt
niter the cataleptIc trance has pastel thn pa
tlent Is loft entirely uninjured I In I general
Indeed time elTnets of dump upon the human
systain are pronounced hiss deleterious than
thoso of opium Hemii does not lebacn but
ruth huur exul tea the nppetlti Moromer 1 I I t does
lot occasion nausea e < mist I putt ion 1 ryrutas of
thu tongue or tha t ledseiun i of I nnj of tIme HO
crotlons antI is not nsimdy followed by tint
mclaticluily htiito ot uiuiituldupio lon to which
this opium aIr Is subject I ntipeiirs how
ever thnt n long and ginduil tialiuiut Its
thlt lonl 11t 1 < 111 tllilin t j ime
Is reiiulsito boforu Its uureolnu elt > iets can bn
fully I oxpurloncotl It Is nnirmndul o that the
rnmarkabla cataleptic Mil nDove II der bcd has
never brett iroul teed 111 i Europyin
Almost everyvshire In Itulla tIle betel nut or
pinnae which I is the feed of thu I Ire aIm Is
PiUiiiHlvely cultivated AH nemy every nntlvu
chimes butol the cuiisumptlun ol nrnin omIts U
ncredlbly great In llm Plillipplncs the la
borer Is paid In hotel rolls us ho Is I with COCA
heaves In I sortie parts ol 1eru nud thn bete nut
Is one of tho most valuable iirllcltsot produce
lu I Sumatra Indued tho t itch expoit from till
latter Island was computed nfvvvcnrH itco nt
tel to twiilvu millions tit r 1 > > 11 Is tho grater
part of which wont to China Thu bull nut Is
about the aljof a cherry slightly punruhupod
very hard all oitermilly not iinllku n nutmeg
01 I it fertur quality In India I I Is prepared for
chewing by being cut Into long narrow strips
nnd wraiiptiil 1 In I leaves of f tlm t honillm betel
pepper previously dusted 1 OLIO hide with the
qtilekllniM I of etilcl n oil shells In I the Philippines
I UI1 the betel lull U 1 culled Is oQerudlo
every one who outers n house just ns I pinch of
snuff or A pipe la In western countries Every
one who CRn afford It puts A fresh buyo In his
mouth every hour which ho can chow and suck
for half nn hour at least Tho visible effects of
tIme betel tire that It promotes tho flow ot the
saliva and lessens tho perspiration from tho
skin I gives 1 red tInge to tho mouth tooth
anti lips which though nt first sight disgusting
to Europeans Is by tho natives deemed orna
mental It Imparts nn ngrccnblo odor to the
breath nnd Is supposed to fasten the teeth
elonnso the gums and cool thu mouth The
juIce Is usually but not always ewnllnned
On those who nro accustomed to usa It the
betel exerts n weak but continuous and BUS
tnlnod oilillerntlng Influence nnd thnt this Is
of a most ngrernblo kind must bo inferred Irom
llio extended area moor which its use prevnllti
The clmmUtry of tho betel nut however Is quite
obscure 1 Is ortr astringent anti abounds In
n peculiar Bpoclcti ot tannin which Is eMracted
In India by boiling tho nut In water and ID
brought to England under tho namn of cnlchl
In tim moist rnlnxlug climates of tho East this
strongly nstilngnntHiibstiince acts beneficially
on the system omit to It should probably b as
cribed the good effects experienced by a French
traveller who preserved his hnaltli during a
long and dlfllcult voyage by the habit
ual us e of betel while his companions
who did not usn It died mostly ot dysentery
lInt tim porfoctlynndcrHtood action of astrin
gents does not account for tho giddiness caused
by the bjtol nut In thoso who chew I for tho
first time or for the gentle Intoxication It pro
duces lu nil These propertIes seem to Imply
thn presence In tho nut of Born narcotic Inure
dlont which Is n jet unknown From the fact
ot no such principle having thus far been do
tected BoiiiH writers would attribute thn Intoxl
catlnc Influence of the buyoi altogether to the
pettier hoof In which thu nut Is enclosed I Is
certain that the leaf of the betel popper Is al
wave cliewod along with tho betel nut an nom
described and wo know that other varieties of
popper when uaotl nlone possess narcotic
properties In tho absence however of
rigorous chemical analysis Mr Church
prefers to ascribe tho nnrcotla effects
of betel chewIng to the joint tnllueneo ot tho
constituents of both nut nnd loaf and to the
chemical action ot tile qulckllnio used alone
with them and of the satIva upon both Wu
may note hero that throughout southern India
antI thn Spice Islnuds every person who owns
I little bit of land usually grows tho leaves I
of thopatcn or betel popper for his own con
sumption and the plant may often besoon chug
Ing round the stems of the shapely betel 1 palms
which overshadow their dwellings I Is com I
puted that the consumption nt tho betel nut I
ant bitch topper leI reaches th mormons fig
ures of lire hundred millions of pounds weight
very year Only tobacco among tho narcotics
In Is consumed In larger quantity
common use onsuml Ilrlor Iullt
ty than this In India Indeed where on nn
avurnce not mire than twelve cents n bend Is
nnnunlly spent for clothing Indulgence In betol
forms the second groat necessary of common
1eAnother
Another variety of pepperworts known as the
urn or long popper is xteiisloly used among
tho South Sea Islanders both ns n mcdlelno
aDd unnn Inebrlntingdrniight The plant has
a woody aromatic stalk which whon reduced
to a pulp and steeped In water forms nn In
toxicating beverage It unaURStlonnbly pos
sesses a narcotic Influence which Is probably
exerted also by tho leaves when chovvud
ns they often are along with tho betel
nut Instead of those ot the betel pepper Tho
hnlfdoien species of popporworts which hno
been chemically examined appear to contain nn i
aromatic oil allied to turpentine and two nctivo I
bases or alkaloids All the three constituents
mentioned exorcise a beneficial action In cases
of intermittent fever ami to this property wo
lire probably sara In referring n portion at least
of their tmlutary influence In tropical regions
Thu while In Intel chewing tim astringent
property of tho nut would check the tendency
to Internal relaxation the feverelianlnc princi
ples of tho pepper leaf preserve the health amid
tho steuilng vapors which tho hot sun draws
forth from swamps and jungles and Irrigated
rIM tell
Wo nru familiar with the beverages made
froii tho cocoa bean but so far us wo know i
tho leaves ot a cry different shrub or plant
tho Peruvian lace bnve never been Imported
Into thu United States us nn artIcle ot com
merce although some ot tho mot competent
observers mich as Profs Von Tshudl and
helilechtennl hao nfllrmed that tIm coca leaf
might bo ufully Introduced In Europe The
coca plint which still grows wild on the eastern
of tho Andes in HollUa and Peru
slop s II 101hla at
tains the height of six or night feet and resent
bles tlio black thorn In Its a iiinll white flowers
nnd thick grton heaves It his bcon cultivated
howiMT for n great many centuries and when
the Spanish conductors overcame the Incas or
Cuo they found extensive plantations of
tha herb It is tire sun < rle1 leaves ol
this plant which form tho coon of South
American commerce and which in Incn
times constituted tho usual money or medium
ot exchange In Poru Tho taste ot theso loaves
Is not unpleasant II Is slightly bluer and aro
matic uud recalls that ot green Ira of Inferior
quality I becomes more piquant and agree
mills when a sprinkling of quIcklIme or plant
italics U chovvud with tho lare l > In the holt
Interval of indulgence In tIlts narcotic which Is
Invariably I conceded to tho Indian laborer three
times a dir 1 few leaves alI lulled Into I bull
or quid mini a llttlo I powdeiod limeorulkallno I I
ashi o are conveyed to the mouth on tho end ot
a slip t of wood mnouutmi oil a mid ill I iped Into his
lime Ilisk The eica lent nets dliTutenUy ac
cording to hue mote of use When Infused
nnd drunk lika tea It produces I gentle
excitement followed by wnkofulness mini
If taken htrong tetirds thn approach ot
hunger und prevents tho tie mu il bre ith
liKsiius I In I climbing I hills I is ooldom cm
plovod In I Ibis I wily howovoi r but Is commonly
i hewed R wj lucre saul in I the form of n itiid
which is I turned over and oxer In tho mouth ns
Isdoiio with tobacco Taken m this form its
action Is not only mori gradual all prolonged
hit also dtlTurunt 1 I in I elininUer hecit ito the eon
tinned lnlliun0 I of tho I wilha and of thu limn
nshes mnstlcited nt thin time extract
or ash1 11llcltol rt SRI tml ctrot
from lie I leaf certain constituents which watt
11010 dos not dlsohn In tho enMerii part of r
llrazll thu coca is used pomcnhat dlT r ntly
1hoiD tim loaves tire drlod and reduced ton
si01 nlihrny powder a poitlonot vsaleh Is in
troduced uto blue mouth train tim totlinn Tho
cvctslvn cli run tug of cacti catlHCs wo Irn toll 1
I bad i bre ith pile lips I nnd gums grconiih
and Htuinpy teeth and nn unly black
mark nt tho nngl s of tho mouth Shnt Is I
known us n cnqnfro or coon drunkard may be
1 lath muum Ishioi nt tho I first gIn two by his 1111
steady grill his low kn i his dim I and sunken
oyes onclreled livu purplo ring his qiiherlna
llpn I I > nml gnnmal np itln T hue sa imo otiS e mitt
hovvovnr Piof Yon Tsclui II I I who thus t do
flrrlbvH tIle baneful pffncts of coca r juico when
tnkon in I oxee s is elenrly ot opinion Hint tha I
moderate lie i of tho lent is not merely In I
nocuous but positively eondiiehn to health In
fiuupoit lit thll t conclusion ho points out tha t
nmoiu thn Pnruviaii Indians who urn acciin
touuu itt to lutist teat it cocn tlireo t ti mit its 1 II a y set
coil liavo rttaund tint groat ngu of 1JO years
und thnt even tho coca drunkard I who bus In
dulged lu tho lot to excess from boyhood
roaches thn ago of 50 years
All of this Kuropeans who are best ac
quiuntu 1 with thu Indian races of South
America nUll who have scrutinized the action
of thus ooen hint upon thorn concur In nirm
I nut thntll I addition to tlm I 01 dlnary I properties of
n vvetk mimi reot Ii tlin i coct lIt > possess two I ex
triOtrul I tin rs qimlitloH not known to coexist In 1
nny othei biibititHM Thesi nu Ilifit that
when ulmwnd lIlt lensen not only I tint their
but also thu necessity fi in ordinniy i I food Thoy
do not merely onabln thu chtiworns will brandy
emit opium I to put forth 1 greater nervous on
arch for n short ti tie but uctuMI y w ith thn samu
amount of nutriment prosorMtiitly to undergo
morn fntlciimg nnd protruded labor Von
Tuohudl hud In his employ n PeruvInn
miner 62 years old who worked for
ulw on cue occanuu tweutitwu hour
a day for five consecutive days during which
period ho tasted not an atom ot food but at reg
ular Intervals of three hours chewed half an
ounce of coca loaves swallowing b It noted
the saliva How this romnrkablo effect ot
the coca Is to bo accounted for In accordance
with received notions on the subject ot nu
trition It Is difficult to S3e The least that VO
must 1 concede to tho plant Booms t be that It
arrests all processes ot decomposition to tho
extreme degree compatible with activity of the
physical organism nnd enables the bodyto fetl
upon Itself for nn extraordinary length of time
without tho hunger matIns and weakness whtoh
normally accompany prolonged abstinence
from food TIme other surprising but perfectly
attested property of thus loaf Is that either
lUIstel tl
when chewed or when taken In tho form
It
ot an Infusion I prevents the recurrence
ot thnt difficulty of respiration which Is
usually felt In ascending the lone and stoop
slopes of tim I Conllllorns nnd the Andes Tho
reason or this action of the leaf Is up to tho
present tIme not Ices Inncrutnblu than that ot
Its stlfsustHlnlnn capabilities In view how
ever of thesis properties whoso existence Is
established boyond dispute wo ran understand
why Prof Von Tschudl should recommnnd the
Introduction of com In the European nnvlea
well fitted to afford refreshment to
as wel fl n retrlshment stamen
ne troll ns to other persons engaged In equally
arduous toil Another ndvocato of tho plnnt In
work entitled Per In do America has lu
hiented that coca bos not taken tho place In
Europo now occupied by tea coffee mind tho
cocon bean I Is ho observes melancholy to
reflect that tho poor cf Europo cannot ob
tain this preservative against hunger sid
thirst and that our working people
tire not supported by this strengthening
plnnt In their longcontinued labors I
appears however thnt notwithstanding
tim hardest pnuUIng time coca loaves Insensibly
give off their volatile Ingrallonts ns hops do
nnd by transport and keeping continually
diminish In value amid estimation As regards
chemical analysis ot tho coca leaf It has
thus far been found to contain nt lest three
different 1 constituents upon whose joint action
tho observed effects probably depend These
are an odoriferous resinous substance I bitter
principle nndla species of tnnnlc ncld I will
at otifo strIke tho reader that oven our Imper
fect knowledge of the plants chemistry dis
closes a singular antilogy between tho coca leaf
tim hop flower nnd the ta lent of China Yet
all attempts to explain thin extraordinary effects
of coca although the Inquiry has been aided by
vi lint wo know of tile action ot tea and of tho
hot have thin far wholly failed
Tho history ol the employment ot thorn
IPIIIM Ild or tho Siberian fungus I familiar
nnrcotlcs Is 1 almost equally Interesting From
thu fruit of the red thorn apple ot reru aomo of
the Andean Indlnns prepare 1 strong narcotic
drink by whoso uso they belIeve themselves
brought into communication with the spirits of
their forefnlher In lower Indln the needs of
the common thorn apple nro employed for the
purpose of drugging travellers anti are said to
poducl an Intoxication of twenty hours dora
tion In England the seeds are rarely used
except upon medical prescription but whon
sin overdose Is taken it Is observed to cause
delirium accompanied by spectral Illusions
lit such the resemble
cases symptoms rest very
csittly the reported effects of the seeds of the
red thorn apple on the IndIans ot Peru and
New Grenada Tha narcotic property of the
thorn npplo by the my11 affirmed by some
authors to have been used by the priests
of tho Dolphlo temple In ancient Greece to In
sure those frenzied ravings which wore then
called prophecies I Is certain that such 1
prnotlcu obtained at tho epoch of tho Spanish
conquott in tile Temple of the Sun nt Sogamos
pa near AJogotu
To the native ot Kamtschatka tho Siberian
or Intoxlavting fungus is what betel and hemp
are to the southern Asiatics or what coca Is
to the Peruv inn anti tobacco to the European
and North American races It has n close re
semblance to tome of tho edible fungi and Is
not uncon mon in birch woods In OnO
parts ot Griiat Britain In color It varies from
n bright scarlet to 1 pale umber and the
cap Is dotted with warts In KnmUchatkn It Is
sometimes steeped In the expressed juice of
the native whortleberry and imparts to this
liquid the intoxicating properties of strong
wine Tho mOAt cornmon way of using I
however Is to roll o1lnon tho form of a pill
and to swallow I whole without chewing I
chewed It Is nald to disorder tho stomach
Time desired tftoct comes on In nn hour or
two after the dove 18 I taken cheerfulness Is first
produced then tho face becomes flushed giddi
ness nnd drunkenness follow In the same way
ns from wine or spirits and sometimes thu final
effect is a total losi of consciousness In other
cases It provokes to remarkable activity und
stimulates to bodily exertion I Is said for In
btnnco that a man Intoxicated with this agent
Is nbln to carry a sack weighing 120 pounds a
distance of fifteen vorsts Th chemistry of
this plant Is still obscure hue so far as Its anal
ysis has been carried It Is found to contain
two peculiar constituents one a base or alka
loid mini tIm other nn acid which Is probably
tho nctivo inebriating element The most ns
tonlshln effect of this fungus is the properly
It transmits to the fluid oxcrUlon 1 I hues been
known from thom immemorial to the Inhabit
ants of Siberia that a man who has ben mole
rntely nffoctod by time fungus timid has slept
himself sober will hy drinking na is tho cus
tom among tho Ostlnks a teictip ot his own
urine become nuori completely intoxictted titan
before
TIme render of the foregoing data will be struck
with tile grave deficiencies In our knowledge
both of the chemical nature and the physiologi
cal action of the nnrcotlcs used by largo sections
of the human race in Ania anti South America
TIme Held ot study which thoy present Is Indeed
captivating and extensive but hitherto the
materials mini opportunities for cultivating It
11ev 0 alTered thomf > lej rarely and to but few
Individuals It still remains to ascertain by
direct amid roitorntml experiment on rnnn ant
on thou lower nulmus tho subtle chomlcil
changes which such agents us Indian hempthe
betel nut tho coca leaf mind thu Siberian fungus
bringubout in the functions of tho human or
ganism
one from Gniollne
Thomanufactuio of gas from gasolIne Is
said to bn gre itly facilitated by the usu of n tie
vIce rucontly brought forward this construc
tion being as foliowa Thu reservoir for tim
gniollna is plncod ut a eonbldornble clovatlon
abov0the stationary burners on tile walls anti
the gas which Is generated by simple evnpora
Iron being heavier or having greater speclllc
gravity thnti the ntmooplioro is driven down by
tilt latter through the online nt tile base of the
reservoir Into tliu gas pipes anti conducted to
tho point where It Is required lam Illumination I
Hy this means It nppiars thou gas may bn made
nt a cost not excundlng onnhnlf thiitot coal gas
Tho peculiar drawback of the Invention hoiv
over according to tim decriptlnn In that to In
sure Its successful operation It must bo located
In a warm mom else evaporation will not goon
rapId enough to supuly the gas needed to sup
port combustion
A Njmirhony In Stack
liom trj > tr i liiwtr
A rrtttv pfunnt pouting rt
n tin liki iu iuu c suit ukr her sass
She loves to uinAc t cuirutte
To tirennj in ilkm hAmmtckPlto
Ail iiikTrtnl vMnk hem uth tiie trill
A pretty iilfunut luutniic itt
Her Plirhtinn coitus li Violet
H r i s o nrv lilne HI tuiunirr teat
Sits lot 11 to tiiuikv a cUtirtIto
A CKlti m hut o lu hslult t
Sue it liii itt lit tin 4iiiMin r bruit
A jirpUj 11 u tun luutiii t tt
tin i > nn li n i r tt tiovi It iin
Hvr ii intel I it
Glue bits lu uttic ii cllCmcttO
tile tcuyo ii fume a lthoiit A ret
lt I to r ruth I an lnu lie r trocki I rtiite
A ii thy ouittitm tilusuut p t
pliw elliott iin > til ftlor > nn 1 7t
lliir I hnlcd is t Iontiun ti < iifj bee
hlie lot lu situ u ugertmc
A Ini mc cf crrooi coiihtip
Hlio hums nil Orumliin lUcrft
Aircti IM utititc tiunni pf i
Viliy bsbss iociuuii acui iu
ISIZITISU AND A3IKH1CAX EUVVAIHIlt
Tk Slndy of Music unit tha Fine Arts ot
Oxford fBtnlirlditc end Ilnrvard
The question 7hctllor musIc stud tho fine
arts fall within the scope of u unIversIty
been answered in the negntlvoat EdInburgh
anti Glnsgow and most American colleges con
cur In bestowing no attention on thoso ntibjocts
Wo observe that Harvard on the other hand Is
Inclining to follow tluo example of Cambridge
and Oxford which hove boon long accustomed
to certify muslcnl proficiency by an academical
decree and which of late have organized a
department of Instruction In the arts of design
The Cambridge professorship ol music was
founded so long ago as 108 and Is at present
held by Mr G A Macfarren The Incumbent
of this chair delivers a certain number of loc
turcn mind has a number of assistants In the
work ol Instruction and ot examination for
time degrees ot bachelor and doctor In music
At Cambridge unllko Oxford In this respect
the rudlrnenta of a liberal education mire de
manded of candidates for thpsn dlploinns No
one for Instance can bo admitted to the exam
Inntlon for tho Mils Hue degree unless ho have
passed the socalled previous examination In
thai academical department corresponding to
thn Oxford responslons or can produce other
evidence equivalent attainments Tho mu
sical examination Itself consists of three parts
lu all of which a tolerably high standard
ot requisition la maintained There Is
flrpt n preliminary investigation of tho
candidates acquaintance with acoustics coun
terpoint and harmony after which comes
whnt Is known as the exercise which must be
a composition on a sacred or a secular subject
xvnttcn for the occasion occupying about
twenty minutes in performance and fulfilling
certain prescribed condition These are that
tIme composition shall comprise some portion
for solo voice and some portion for a chorus
of flvo vocal parts also some specimens of
canon and of fugue and that the whole have
nn accompaniment for n bund of bowed ln tru
monts only This exercise must ba coupled
with vouchers that the work Is the candidates
own unaided composition At a subsequent
period occurs a more advanced examination
In counterpoint harmony canon In two parts
fugue In two parts ejpoclnlly ns to
the relation of subject and answer form
In composition ns exemplified In the sonata
tho pitch and quality ol the stops of tIme organ
such knowledge ot the quality pitch und com
pass of orchestral Instruments as Is necessary
for rending from score the playing nt sight
from figured baas and from score and finally
the analysis ot some classical composition both
with regard to harmony mind form the name of
which is previously announced by the exami
ners These are the tests Imposed on candi
dates for the Mus line degree For the supe
rior degree of Doctor they must evince a more
exhaustive nrqualutnnca with the theory of
music anti us proof of tholr ability must fur
nidi a composition of extended scope having an
accompaniment for a full band and Intended
for public performance In the university
The study of fine arts at Cambridge Is prose
cuted In connection with the collections depos
lied In the Fltzwllllnm Museum Among time
wellknown treasures of this museum are pic
tures by Titian Tutil Veroness Sal rotor flosa
Ilombrandt 1aul Potter Kuvedarl Ynnder
elde Hobbonm stud Peter do Jlolyu The
water color drawings Include twrntyfhe of
Turners works presented by John Ruskln and
the collection ot prints Is one of the best In Eu
rope being especlnlly rich In the works of tim
early engravers ot Gerrnauynnd the Lour Coun
tries Here also are the Disney and Clarke
ancient marbles and a collection of 1bccnlcinn
and Greek class purchased from Gen dl Cat
noln All the galleries of the museum are open
to undergraduates and art students desirous of
Inspecting prints coins or gems or of copying
pictures are permitted to do so under onsy con
ditions On the ground floor ot the museum n
course of lectures on mite theory and practice of
tho line arts or of some section of them is an
nually delivered by the Shade Professor tho
present occupant of the chair being Mr Sydney
Colvln The Disney Professor of ArcbrcoloSy
Mr Churchill Bublngton also delivers lectures
from time to tlmo on the remains of ancient art
The professorship of ruusta at Oxford was
founded In 1C26 provision being made at the
same time for a choragus or master of musical
praxis The stipends of those oQlccrs are paid
from endowments with additions from the unl
ersltv chest but there Is also a precentor
supported by fee The present occupant of tha
professorship Is Sir Frederick GoruOusoley
and the ohorugus is Dr C W Corfo who to
gether conduct the prescribed examinations
for degrees At Oxford ns wo havn intimat
ed no residency or academical standing Is re
quired for the degree ol Uiehelor of Music
Candidates are required however to pass
two exnmlnntlons lu musIcal technics which
are conducted partly lu writing partly rinl
iocf The preliminary test Is applied to
tho students knowledge ot harmony and of
counterpoint in riot more titan four parts
Tho second examination covers livepart har
mony the history of music the use of mu
cleat instruments nod tho form anti struc
ture ot the works of certain designated
composers Under the lastnamed bend
tha applicant was expected on u recent
occasion to evInce n critical knowledge
of tho full scores of Beethovens Soptuor ot
Handels Saul and of Moirta G minor
symphony Beforo any candidate euu preamit
himself for this second examination hu must
liavosubmittod for this approval of the exami
ners a piece of music lu fivepirn harmony
with nn accompaniment for nt least fire
stringed Instruments together with proof that
tho vrholo pIece U ot lute own composition A
Bachelor of Music desIring to provied to thin
dugreoof Doctor must show that ho bus studied
or practised music for nt least live years sinco
his ndml slon to tha school hu must pass mi
additional examination condutnd wholly in
writing und compose n plow of vocal music in
eight parts with nn nccomp mlment fora full
orchestrn which when approved Is to bo per
formed In public A scrutiny of the conditions
piescrlbcd for this deciec nt Oxford as stall as
nt the sister suit of learning will probably con
wince the reader that adequate precautions sure
taken to Insure creditable proficiency lu the
technics ot music
Them Is no coOidlnito School of Design nt
Oxford an Indeed there is i uo Frno Arts tripos
at Cambridge At tlio Taylor institution bow
ever ulllllatcd with tIm former university thn
Itusklu drawing school was established In 1S72
by John Ruskln who cae t3 000 frir the pur
pose Huro stu louts recolvu pnuticnl guidance
from Mr Alex Mncdonnld the tnuchorof draw
ing appointed by Mr Hu klu rind n course of
lectures Isnnnually dellMrcd by tile latter who
holds tim Suite Professorship rino Arts The
unIversIty collet lions of pnitlncs engravings
gems nnd coins tire placed in I the Till her build
ing whIle the Ashniolcnn Mueoum Is in large
purt devoted to antiquities of artistic Interest
onu story ot ibm edlllio being assigned to the
Arundel marbles smith other elmllir I I ruuuuni tie
In time Harvard corpb of Instruction wn find
John Knowlus 1nlno not down ns Professor In
Miii e ChitiUs Klllot Norton us 1rofcbsor of
thu History ot Art and C I H Moore us In
structor In freehand drawing nnd water
colors No degree In music much lore In lino
arts Is conferred by the university but nmong
the elective courses open to students in the
academical doparlment some provision is I made
for these subjects In music for exiimplu
thoro are lectures several times a week imu mr
mony counterpoint nud tliu history ot snuck
shill nt regular Intervals a critical analysIs Is
mad of tho compositions of Ilavdn Moznrt
jleethutvcmu sod thetr sueeeHsers t may add
Unit I students must inhibit u mastery ot muslin
nutation und conm prncllcul Lnowlidgn ot
vocal nnd Inslrumental I music m Tlio lonxidor
able miiesueumt of recognition given to this study
may be inferred I from tile fact that candidate
for the academical degree of llnchelor of Arm
tunygrnduatu with honors in muslo and that
further progress In I musical lull ii I mm mneels la held
to qUHllly an applicant for hue advanced degree
of Doctor In Philosophy
In too One arts the elective courses orion to
the Harvard undorgramiuat sir thrett thnrit
comprising three lecturia wookly by Mr Jtooro
on the principles ot design In painting 5OmuiD
turo and architecture Tho fecond nnd Iru
elementary course oomprehondu IhreowoiU
lectures by ProfNorton entering such Ruliju J
ns the hIstory of tho arts ot cnnitruotlon
nnj
design and tIme epochal consideration nt Orlpn
tai emil Kgyptlnn ot Greek nnd Ilomnn nnj ot
incdkDvalnrt The third course nlnodlretij
by Prof Norton deals with thn inultlfuriuii
manifestations of lImo Ilsnmtissance Wc Olson5
Hint to the two last courses no student Is niltnltM
who Is unable to use French and Oermna IOU t
books timid that n knowledge ol Itnllan Is
ur
gently recommended Bo far It does not ntpn
that special honors are awarded nt Krniluntlon
for proficiency In thin department though Ultra
Is no reason to suppose that the study ot th
flnonrts will ultimately receive loss coatldcra
tion than that of music
From the facts hero collated It Is obvious that
Harvard Imperatively noods for proirrm I a
this direction nn art repository which If no
comparable to tho splendid endowment Uatou
ed on Cambridge by Viscount Fitzwllllam ihili
at least approach In range and quality the Ot
nnbm collections It appears also according
time Presidents last report that thn iloiartment
of Una arts Is at present unprovldcj with t
suitable lecture room and that other well nl
Indispensable appliances are missing Buck
fornsnmplo ns exhibitIon rooms for smdlltj
lcd repertories of ancient and modern act la
their several branches and properly llchtn
apartments for drawing moth painting It lib
ba hoped that these logltltnata wants of tti
Important department will ba mot nt no Jhuy
day by the friends ot the university
M W n
Tile A It FI 2S rnxH CULLECHOS
Tho Artists Fund reception Is nn annual
occurrence second only In Interest to tho egret
able ceremonies that precede the op nlni
nights of the Academy AmerIcan Socl tyttnd
Water Color exhibitions TIme twentieth Bn
nunl sale Is to take place on the cvenlncsof
next Thursday anti Friday anti the pictures In
the mean time euro exhibited nt Mr Moorat
American Art Gallery C Loot Twcntitlilrd
street The reception wits hell there Ust Wed
nesday evening nnd brought together all this
artists of note In the city nod a Urge number
of lay people who professionally and other
wise concern themselves with art Boeing
considered It watt this most successful rec rtloa
that the Artists Fund Society has glen sad to
the managers of that excellent body It afforded
no little gratification Time collection u
whole was much the best they had ever
been able to present the 101 plctntej
thnt the members had sent In Including
n much larger number that really rcpreienM
their best work than on any previous occasion
It the past It tins been too much this practice to
send In any picture otherwise unsalable Inttj
belief thnt If It brought enough to cover tlnnn
nunl subscription the only deslrablo end hid
been attained Last years collection woo en
Improvement in this respect upon those that
had preceded It but In the present one there It L
a more marked ndvunee and It Is not only ot
very unusual Interest as nn exhibition but
promises to sell remarkably wll Tlie iwlctr
has between sixty and seventy members Is bo
nevolent In Its character and Is excellently ad
ministered by Its nfllc rs If r Thomas hIcks
hue wellknown artist ID the President Mr JO
Brown the VlcnPresldent und Mr J II fit
caner the Secretary
Among the most notable examples contributed
are a charming landscape by R Swain Offend
two marine subjects by one ot our ftronsnt
colorits Arthur Quartley nn excellent study
No 32 Tho County Paper by Thomas
Hicks nndstrlklng Inndaenpes hy Arthur an 1
Ernest Pnrton It C Minor WCnplleirJB
Bristol John F Weir M T II do Haw 0 II
McCord W Whlttredgn David JohnsonW L
Hnnntag C H Miller Homer Martinand JC
Nlioll
There baa been better work on hnml In tIn
studios this wInter than eerbnforeandtb r
lifts cnn consequently afford to send In rood
pictures to the Fund Exhibition without feiirlns
that they shall have nothing loft for the Acad
emy The collection Is therefore for the most
part ft good one and tho usual ecrcntrldtlci
of vcnxrublo AcademicIans that ft contain
only serve to amuse one and to emuhufza th <
Improvement that Is to Lo noted in the works of
others
Jjcrizzst LUG
PETERSBURG Feb 1A brisk walkof three
ijuartors of uu hour from the centre of the town
In u southeasterly direction brought us to the
top of Cemetery Hill Before m to thn nattvrani
ocr open fields sloping graduallj to u valley
half mllu distant while beyond wa ulilchbill
spnrscly covered with trees The scene teas a
very quIet one Smoke rose In thin ftrenmi
from two or three houses In tIm dIstance but
no other evidences of lif3 were lilble To real
lao that the stillness could ever hnva been
broken by any sound morn harsh tiurimu tlit voice
of the farmer nud the lowing of cattle required
considerable effort of the Iniaclimtion jthets
hud occurred one ot the most terrible itrundii
of the war TIme air of this plneo hnd resound
ed with the roar of cannon aol limo rattle ol
musketry for wools nud months and ibo
ground upon which vu stood hind been soaked
ncnlu and agaIn with duo blood of man
A few rods from us wns n mound ot earth
eight or tomi feet high and thlrtj or torn rank
in diamolor with a huco cavity In the cfntr
On approaching this wo vvein inch his tliuoivner
of hue premmilses ohio stiggsteul that n quirfr
would bu acceptable and offered lilo ecnKCiU
guideAnd
And snthl is tile crater we said
Yes Ion sec It stands on a breaetwcurk tInt
runs nnronxt and snuvvest and goes out tl
sight both vvnvs Gin nil Lea hail men five or
six steps apart nlonu here nnd up behind the
cemeterv hn haul Ills reserve
How I ir0 n resorvu
Oh it was a right smart of n force snnw
times nud then ngln bonvitlmes it u t mulity
thin I I reckon If I f the Vu mm Ice had iiovvnlimr
smith it was sometimes thevd have p < un Joa
n H in two or throe pianos ntmieeind flvlm
uuiik Now Mill suit diivvn him a t wriiisH 1
another brett uvorhm limit I wns tl t I nui > >
pleket Imo mid lIst ground betvse mm thu it nil
herovvnn n hot old plaee 1 tell i u In i < tilt
of earth tytton llttlolnrr littler imi ii unili <
nnother nil down on thnt hill vv i mi IIT ur
btiys It new that tlie iiiikc iHpin m i ° iinir
one of them for thn Nnrthein I I r tulip >
nnrl time Yunkoii plek < tslildnir i k IHMI 1 luU 1
see the fullers from huts two sit i i vv ii I gt u
getlier oncn In a while to pwnpe IT > n 5 lt I ln
backer mini eometlmes tlnud 11 I k I i In a it
emit Ii Hut net folks louldn t II I ii W I p
fort it vvni They dim boles d ive ten or ti I
teen feet tat listnnei but eouldiit heirinT
illiuln Hmby up vvnt tin wu iln t
men gttnt > tumid nil nnd thn In m it0
lust ns ion sen it now It sortie u 1mg jot roUOi
bere I toll tim
er ittu here and do yon roninmnnrlt
Yet u I titus P yours Ii ami live I upu IM II 1 >
thn cemeterv hliootln isis c un on nil tne
lime and iivervl l cot in d lull iiimiliy i 1
father killed I neilf behind th burn iml NiCf
let nnd I tried to mm ihe em UK i tM
Itiuuiu > nnd thus bullets got nvviul tin i k t mitt t
two went into the ment nnd one vvenl nut i uI1
foul tutu nun went PO near Ieii c il 1 iC i
ilKiiigln to hack of lilt shill V ii i r it t
nigger Inld right ilnvvn uiil I fcnl lu in
and I couldnt niiikn him gel up A I r
III it this lmij n nnsi slut t iillto piei 5 i 5 in limn I i
nnd I had In gm t lint inlii u eruir I I e >
Ilir to keep trmmt gettlll lilt llV Ihren I illS
I situ tills foil nil covered over vv Hi d il
vMiundfil men that had been Lruuiut ut tenS
after engiineinentu
Our UIIIIK thun Ind lImo wmmy In a Int e Cut n
that stnod near lnlerliig hits a i <
ree < of evr > detrlpllnll I III i t I
vvnliH wits enxered with gluts nnd site <
f tIcs vtern in n g mil suit of pr r i V ii II n
liuving 1 en dug lrmut the ntirh n I I i thu u
wnr whil utheih our hnr Hi ni 11 liui re
uhir niiiKsi nf ruM Ki < niul I > ri lieu iikh 1
hulletn Hint two < r i Ihruei f I n 11111 I J i i d
vveni ileeily nub nted ti in li I f I S
riot tutu nheivex un m u H I i j
great iiuuntll inoludin irai fan I i
a > < > inn vuriitii nf rill b iS i I ti n i IB
HpeeKiHB Wllll lube hi nil Of tillllels III I it l Inld
met in hut air and beomo I Urn l > vv 11 i I
gethor In thn iinpnet Sltll of ill iuZ H iir eit
thn floor vvhllu I 111 i ii eons picuous position tea II
pile if 1 human biilien
Inet IK MII I I mr eondiliti r leO CS IS nict
evervvviieiH r iso t t I Ikrl C
ilier < titus tilt bin ed t igviimr n t ii it < a
tilt iov eminent penpln tint mi I < i j nl r tie
bodIes Mowed thuiit Kwl all Of utu bu 1 1 tUS
li allure iturulu iu > bMrn