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T SIZZLING, STIFLING YUMA.
rtr.n nrr ir xns irorxrir
joir.v j.v niE vxited state.
A Te inp'ralnre Eaeeedtn; 10 Degreee for
Itnjn at a Tlase-Ileaerta that Malta It
Ilmmiiirj: to Uuard DttptrnU Con
tUi-lllntratloa or the Intense Ileal.
Yl " ""' un" 30. Eastern people who
fte about bested tertni and lire to tba moun.
(,;nBi,r seashore upon the approach of n brief
period whon the temperature la nmong the
nineties should consider the case of a town
where the temperature from about the middle
of June to early October ranees all tho war
'rom 90 to ls0' m tr,e "hade, and occasionally
roes to HM 'or 'ew hour. What would ther
think of a temperature for a full month of not
Iri than liT. of two weeks at ft time when the
temperature has varied from 108 to lib, and
0f week when the thermometer has stood at
r,r jic In the shade? That Is what the resi
dent of this quaint old town of Yuma expe
rience regularly each summer. So far this
leuon Yuma has had two spelts of weather
when the mercury climbed up to 117 In the
shad' etery morning for a few successive days,
and descended to DO and 100 at night. From
June into 14 tho dally temperature here ranged
from 107 to 114. From June IB to June ','1.
Inclusive the temperature on each afternoon
h wrnt as high as 117 In tho shade.
Yuma hi' recn the banner hot town of Araer
r for forty or fifty year. That ancient, pal
fled, and wralher-beaten story atout the soldier
who lived and died In the garrison at Yumaand
whose ghoit came back one night for his army
blanket for u'o down In chilly, frosty hell, has.
gone everywhere-even Dr. Penew recently told
It to a group of reporters who welcomed him
home In New York from his tour on the Pacific
coast and In Its travels throughout the world
has git en a certain fame to the town. Two gen
erations of American schoolchildren havo
been taught In geographies that "Yuma,
noted for Its high temperature. Is situated
on the eastern bank of the Colorado
River, aiid on the western edge of tho Ari
zona ileert." Newspaper paragrapnrra and
hurnnr;ts have found the hlch aolstlrlal rec
ord" of Yuma a perennial and fruitful
field for their talents. In the forties and
fifties Yuma was famous among Vncle Sam's
snldltr" as the most dre.ded post on the
frontier, and the letter and diaries of attah mil
itary men as (lens. Albert Sidney Johnston.
Fdnanl F Ilealc, and Kearny, who sorted their
m lltary apprenticeships here, ore full of com.
n-rnt'enthe hot weather of Fort um In the
rummer months. "John I'litrnlx" (I, lent.
Derby, the first of the modern srhool of Ameri
can humor t, was at Fort Yuma for two
)rr. and his humor was fleveloped while
nrll.ng of the devices of the army boys to aro'd
thehrat o' Jnly and August days In the adobe
hul!dlng of thegarrlor.
All condition" seem to unlto to make Yuma
the hrtMiinmer "pot tt Is. It Is located tn a
kin I nf basin nn the edge of the lazy, muddy
t'ulorado Itlver. which meanders through deert
sand-nnd adobe, soil down to the Osalf of Call
Inr.iiH. w-nyto the west, across the river, sind
tn ttrainth stretches the Olorsdo desert,
ferersl thousand tqtinre miles In area. It Is so
mereilrss. ghotlv. and fierce desert wasto that
fe v dare tn rros It by wagon or on foot In the
i siimmrr months, and In winter or early spring
travel rrt are careful to be accompanied by a
companion or two and supplied with an abun
dance nf drinking water and food. Every sum
mer venturesome miners lose their Urea In try
ing to cross the desert by being overtaken by a
fnnd sierra or weakened unto death by the
dreadful heat. In the north there arc ra-t
n''r and upland of barren, sun-baked adobe
soil sn1 a peculiar formation of lava and soft
granl'e. the remains uf numerous eitlnct
volcanoes. Thl area nbsortis the sun's
hot by day and distributes It by night. To
I the eau arc millions of acres that are
the neit thing to an abolute desert, where
nothing grows except by Irrigation, and than
only ecantily; where no one live" who
can exit elsewhere. For over 100 miles iibont
Yuma not a tree grows naturally, and none of
the forest trees that the people of New England
or the Middle States know enn be grown even
artificially. There Is not a thing In nature any
where In the region to add a degree of coolness
tn the atmosphere. There are no balmy breezes
from anywhere, no sea or lake air to come once
In a while as a relief after hours of a steady
downpourlngof solar heat; not a monntaln or
brook, a cafion or dell, a grove orbeach through
out a whole country to which one may resort
fnr so much as a moment of coolness. One may
gize In any direction from the highest place in
Yurr.a. and the onl)" color In nature to be seen Is
a dull, reddish brown under a blazing sky.
Eren the sluggish river takes on the hue of the
surrounding territory,
' Ham falls lu Yumaand the region roundalout
Imt fniror the times in a year, and only In tho
early winter months. There are, however, some
rery Leavy floods here In the months of Febru
.!' and March, when the water in the Colorado
H ver rise and overflowa the bancs because of
t it- melting snows away up In the mountains of
Colorado and northern Arizona and of the
h-avjr rains In southern California. When the
w tier recedes and leaves hare some thousands
of rre of rich bottom lands the Indians plant i
the.r mrs'juiie beans and melon seeds for their
a-muat crop. Just its the Kgypilnn do their I
annual planting along the hanks of tho Nile,
I when the floods art! past. The fertility of these
IMtoru lands has attracted attention, and In I
recent year enterprising Yankees have taken '
up hundreds of acres and are growing tuft email
eitrnt fruits and melons which are first In the
market even In semi. tropic southern California
anft has Angeles.
The town of Yuma has a population of 3.000.
About half of the"e are Americans from East
ern Mates, and the rest are Mexicans. The
tiiace took it name from a tribe of Indians who
hate lived In the tlcinlty for some two hundred
years. When the Spanish Franciscan priests
fame uu theijtilr of California and I he Colorado
Hltsr no their mission of Christianity and
itiillutiun In 1HI7. they found a tribe of ld.ciOU
i.uma Indians living along the rlter where
i limit lias since grown. The Indians were an
effshont from the Apatites, and tn those days
were formidable fots of the Apaches and I'linit".
hike all the tribes that hate como In contact
with our clvllliatlon. the Yumas have steadily
diminished in numbers, until to-day there are
less than 1.S0O of them. In 1847 Undo Sam es
tablished a garrison on the eastern bank of the
river, on the Arizona side, and gave It tho name
of fort Yuma, after the Indian trlbo there. When
gold was discovered In California In 1N40 Yuma
twgsn to grow as a settlement of white people,
faring the extraordinary overland travel by
Jtagnas and prairie schooners and mule and ox
trams In 1850. 1851. and Iflfts, thousands of
P-nple went across Texns and Arizona, and
then, crossing the Colorado lllver at Yurna,
travelled up tho Golden State by way or San
Iternitrdinn mid I,os Angeles. Naturally Yuma
became a llltle business volnt. I'eopln settled
i there to ferry the overland passengers across
trie river, to sell provision and merchandise to
tut- gold seekers, nnd to run taverns for thn rest
-A and entertainment of the weary and tolling
' multitude .if people on their wny to the dig-
i King". In tho sixties and seventies, when the
'tiinderful mining booms occurred In the Arl
mii mountains and people poured Into the Ter
, rltori from etery part of the I'nlted States, and
"hen El I's,o. Phir-nlx. and Tucon were little
Ji'i'ldliimf Mexican mud houses. Yuma was the
trading point for all the Territory, and
"t" .population grew fast. In 18H0 the
fontliern 1'aclflc Railroad was built from
i.'1" i Angel through Yuma, on the wny to
M l'.yo ami Srw Orleans, and Yuma as a trad-
ng Place ijulrkly lt it prostlge, while other
toHrn.iti the -territory flottrlHheil. In two years
"te population of Yuma fell to leu than 1.000.
Sncu l(o.H sumo jf the best gold mines 111
Arizona havo been developed In the region of
llie ;old Kiwn-for Instance, tho llarquo Halo.
nd the Yellow Mar mines. The working of
liie.e mines and I ho finding of a score of other
mining properties have onto more given lima
a iTKim, and the place Is more prosperous than
ever hefniH. l(-ceiitly a company of engineers
and capitalist has Iwen formed with the Idea of
t an.fi.rrin,; the water from tho Colorado lllver
to tl.e broad acres somn mllos lielow the town,
"bete fruits and vegetables may he grown
'srlhr than In any other locality under the
ftrs and Stripes. Ilntnonne lives In uma for
be fun Ihero Is In It. Kverv man Is here bera'i'o
in makes money by It, and the women and chll
Ten liecaiitfl their provider Is here and they
cannot com enlently live elsewhere.
turns and Phir-nfx are the most popular spot
in Arizona to wlui.li consumptives resort, but
Tf ry few of them can endure the hot weather of
summer. They come here In the fall, and go
aai to the mountains of California or north
ern Arizona In May. The hot. dry sunshine day
eflfrcui and the abence of fog or humidity of
sni kind in the alroosphereof this region are
I J!"t what the consumptive wanU. I,at winter
I Htero were oter 400 consumptives who spent
I the season In Yuma, and there are very many
J who apparently have reoovered their lioalth ana
vig r hy a residence of several years In Hie
Batta t-Inn uf Yuma In winter nnd In the mountains
F tirnr prescuti during the siimmrr. . , .
r N one can tell adequately how the fierce mltl.
iK '"miner heat of this part of Arizona ntfecta a
KIKg I'ir.on .recently from the eastern .SUtes-espe-
K '" (row iho coolNsw England and ulddle
Gules. On most summer dajr there b sciroely
a breath of air stirring anywhere, and from
early dawn until sunset there Is a constant
diitvnpourlng of sunshine. At S A. M. the mer
cury on a warm day Is at 87 or 00 degrees. At
7 It has risen to 04. at 10 It Is at 103, at 1 P. M.
Itlsatl07.andnt.il. M. It may be at 118: at
n P.M. It has gone down to 1012, and at midnight
It has sunk to OS degrees. When a wind comes
up from off the desert the air I almost shrivel
ling, and even tho natives of Yuma go Into their
adobe house and shot the doors to avoid the air
that comes like that front the furnace mora of a
foundry. The glare of the sunshine has serious
effect on tho 0 os of people. Oreen goggles and
smoked glasses nro commonly worn here
lie eastern people. There are many cases
of blindness among United State soldier
who have been stationed at forts tn tbls re
gion. The fierce sunshine cause Inflammation
of the ryes. Every one dnea as much work as
possible In thn evening or rarlt- morning before
the snn has got In Its best efforts, and there Is
little or no unnecessary movement about town
at midday. To show how hot thoatmoiphrro
here really l. It tuny he mentioned that the
writer haaseen mining and civil engineers carry
blu of carpet to lay under their fret while at
work to keep the sunbaked adob from blister
ing their aoles. Itallroad brakemenwearleather
mittens so that they may handle coupling pin
nnd links. Tho china and glasswaro In the
homes nnd at the little hotel are as warm on
any day In summer as If they had Just come out
of very warm water, and window pane are un
bearably hot. When one puts his hands on a
wall In a house on a hot day It feels like the
walls that surround a baker oven. All horses
nnd cows here are kept under roofs or sheds at
midday when the mercury Is ranging high.
All the residents who are able to do so leave
Yuma In early June nnd do not come back until
along In the latter part of September. In this
way they avoid the hottest weather, but even
they experience a few day when old Sol send
down shafts that make a temperature of over
100 In the shade. The refugees from a summer
In Yuma generally go tn the seashore and moun
tains In Southern California, snd they are
mostly women and children. Hat there are
over 2,500 men. women, and children who enn
never leave town for even a week lntr.-nmrr.
Hundreds of tbem have stayed here each sum
mer for years, and have no more to say
ahoiHH few days with the temperature at 10.1
nnd 104 degrees In tho shade than the Eatern
people when tho mercury of their thermometers
rle uo to 80" or so. No one thinks of wearing
nn hut thethlnnet and loosest nnd scantiest
clothing. There Is scarcely a "blled" shirt to
be seen In all Yuma from Mnv to September,
and a Marched collHr would be an abomination.
Hundreds of men never wear coat, vest, or sus
penders for eight month In the year. Only the
hroadet Mntw hats and cork helmets are worn.
Canvas shoes and the thinnest cotton nocks
cover the feet, nnd n belt about the waist Is the
trouer supporter.
A large part of the buildings ere built of
adobe mud nrlrKs. They have wall from two
to three feel thick, and are one story high. At
night every one sleeps out of doors. Slant" sleep
tli ii through ten months In the year. In mid
summer no one can well endure the heat and
rloene. of any apartment. The sight pre
sented from a two-story building or an etnl
renco In the plnoe on nn earlv morning In sum
mer would lie long remembered by any one not
accustomed to Arizona life and customs. Hun
dred or men ami women, cat h stretched out nn
a cot. may to een on the roof In the enclosures
at the back of their home 1 1 on piazzas. Many
of them arn sleeping with their clothes on.
others haven simple sheet as a covering, while
little ltvs and girls are sleeping the sleep of the
Just without the leavt encumbrance of clothing
or coloring. When 5 o'clock comes, and Old
Sri has risen so high that sleep Is out of the
question even for the Id-timers, there Is a
grnernl movement on every roof top and in
everr vanl and Dlazza. At the railroad hntM
nil the betls ere made up every day In summer
on the piazza.
Tne diet of the people In Oils land of abode
and surshlne Is very lmple. Melons, green
corn, unit such frtill ns nprlcots and peaches are
very nbiindnnt nnd cheap. They are eatnn by
ftt-rv one. Dried beef, venison, and mutton
brought down from the mountains are In every
home, and there are all manner of Mexlrau
dlshe antl soups that etery one. even the mot
recent arrival from New England, eata with
I pleasure In these heated day. Alcoholic sttrou
i lams are no doubt drunk more generally In
' Vrizona and all the mining localities In the
Slimmest than anywhere In the East, but
I when the mercur) Is rising high, the drinker
! mtit exercise prudence in tits drains, for the In
, leii-e heat t.as greater effect on n person In a
state of alcoholic intoxication than nn any one
else. The sudden death of a hard drinker In a
i erli'd of unusual heat t a common occurrence
lu :hl regl m, and saloon keepers are care
ful to ee that the toper who Is Imblli
i Ing freely on a hot dar either keeps
I In tloors and out of the sunshine, or
' let up on hi tlmu!ant. Ms.ni- of the more
' t-arefiil barkeeper In Yumaand Phtrnlx refuse
. to ell any whiskey or crnndv to hard 1r Inkers
i when the merturv Is ranging from 110 tn 115
, in the shade. Physician here say that tbe
alcohol when heated produce a pressure on tbe
i hlooil vessels of the brain. snu one who has
weakened these blood vessels by year of al
coholism Is a first. clas subjert for death from
afonlexr. At the little town of Olla Uend (sev
enty miles east of Yumai last summer half a
dozen miners went on n spree when the temper
ature wit at about 11H. Three of them died as
they lay asleep In the broiling sun. and one of
the others hn been demented ever lnce.
The prisoner In the Arizona Territorial Peni
tentiary, upon the east hank of tbe Colorado
filter on the outskirts of Yuma, probably suffer
more scverel) from the terrific heat in mld
. sntnmer than any other pt-ple here. The peni
tentiary was huilt where It Is for the very rea
son that escape from It in a greater part of the
year la practically Impossible. Probably nn
prison In America has such apparently lax cus
toms as regards guarding the Institution to
prevent the escape of Its inmates, although
some of the most desperat criminals of the
border are confined there. The awful desert
that stretches far oter l.'.l) mile In three direc
tions from tho penitentiary, and the vast
area of udy woMe. cactu. and rattlesnakes
across the river, are ever-present obstarles that
convicts Willi a longing for freedom In their
hearts dare not attempt to cross In fourteen
year there has been but one escatie from the
penttentiurv, and ttie sufferings of that poor
fellow, a naif-breed Mexican and Apache In
dian, were so great that he had become a maniac
h the time he reached Honors, Mexico. Up at
the penitentiary the record of temperature
show that the mercury sometimes rises to 120
degrees In summer, and that for seventeen suc
cessive days last summer the teaiperaiure rose
to 114 degrees, and In no nieht during that time
' did the mercury go below 07 rtegrees.
"No one can tell what the convicts In 1 uma
, penitentiary suffer in summer," said an ex
keepor. "The prisoners who have money and
I Influential friends tn give bonds that they will
not escape nre permitted to sleep on cots In the
i prison yard all the year round, but tbe poor
I penniless devils are locked at night In cells of
I masonry. The stones and concrete have become
baked through nnd through by the days and
weeks of solstlcl.il heat, and they muko the
cells within literal Turkish baths. Fancy how
you would feel locked in a stone cell. I by 8
feet, with heated walls and celling, and but a
narrow opening In the cell door for air. The
poor prisoners in Yuma penitentiary spend ten
hours of each night for weeks every summer In
thn-e cells In a temperature of 1(15 and
107. I hare seen them scores and score
of limes lying entirely nude In their
bunks, panting lik'e lizards, or standing
al the cell doors with their wan tares
between the bsrs gasping for breath.
I have no need to tell you that morning comes
a ;t pleasant relief tn those prisoners, and that
they come from their rolls dripping with par
splratlnn and weak as rags. Of course, any one
there who has any tendency to weak lungs soon
becomes a victim of galloping consumption.
The keepers at the prison do not have to keep
much watch on the convicts In summer. The
only care of the superintendent and keeper I
against an uprising or the prlsonsrs, who are
probably as depraved and reckless a lot a were
ever assembled In any penal Institution. Often
for hours at a time the great prison gate are
wide open, and prisoners are has In ana about
the enclosure within the walls, but no one ever
gels away. The Mexicans know from experi
ence belter than to try tn flee across that desert
In this summer beot. and the other havo henrd
too many stories of horrible suffering out among
the cactus and sand hills even to plan flight."
The oldest resident, that ublqulton characUr
to wham all questions of rueteoro'oglcal fact
and local history are referred In all properly
rrgulatod Eastern towns, is. In Yuma, hut a or
Indian. He Is one of tho tribe that lives seven
miles southeast from the town of Yuma, and Is
said to be about ISO j cars old. 1 he allegation
that the old fellow was born in this locality In
about 1775. and has never been forty miles
away from the trlb.il domain, speaks volumes
for the wholesomenessof the climate of Yuma
nnd Its vicinity for one who l born to it. There
are set en other squaws and bucks In the "V uma
tribe who are alwut ft century old. '1 heir flesh,
under tho Influence of the ntense heat, has be
corneas hard and shrivelled and dried as Jerked
beef. Their skin Is a deep coppery black, und
their bodies seem tn havo become about ns thor
oughly mummified as possible foronu that lives.
It Happened Before He t'nme,
rm thr flihagn CAlonfrl,
A small youth out In Kenwood has come to
ij,k bis native Statu does not atnouat to
much, bomo time last year his family removed
fri m St. Joseph. Mo., to Chicago, and took up
r- lence within the fash nnable district of
Ke wSod. The "ui.gerson of the family Isalad
ib. it li"ears old. and u few days ago the whole
Sabbath school, which this outh attends, wa.
b?lntt questioned by the superintendent upon
the lesson o tbe day. This little fellow has ail
tiii usually bright and Intertutlng face, and as
. Xss vos seated directly In front of the
.iineriiitcndent lie was naturally attracted to
liVm The lesaoi. was of .Moses nnd how the
He Veu had separated and .Permitted him to
lead his host through the divided water.
When tho suporlntendent had finished re
latU he Mory ho concluded to see how much
his vouthful listeners had taken In. ,.,,.,
" W o was It. children." he questioned that
ld the Israelites Into the promised and 7"
' With the usual llmldltyof children about
sneaking out In meeting" none of them re
nllSS Tlie lny looked at each other and
Sggled. but none offered nny response.
B "Saw. I know you all know his name." ald
IKTt Mulitti" Mill jft-'-tJ'. w"u-
r,Son?tTDcnvv0J,.r':,,ir SJRWjSw I cl'
rw. up fi Wiourl "ther day." w.
tbe frightened reply. I
LiL..HawBaesaavaeaaMHtfHHHHHIIHiHIHHI
PHILOSOPHY OF THE TIRE.
WOT TttB rNKVitATIO IH HVEEDIEIl
Ttl AS THK CUHIIIO.X.
Masssr 1st Which the Klnettetty of the Air
Heirs the Rider of the Modern rJaretr
The Haeetlan of the IJest Pressure to
Mstatala la tho Tlree or a Bicycle.
In the days of sixty-Inch wheels, when the
rider was perched high up In the air, ready
tn take a header whenever ft moro than or
dinary obstruction was encountered. It wa
believed that speed could only b made on
wheels of largo diameter. When tho small
wheeled safeties first came out thoy were re
garded as very suitable fnr timid old men,
who did not care about taking the risk of
diving over the steering handlo of tho older
tyle of bicycle: but for younger men, or for
those of racing proclivities they were re
garded ns wholly unsu'ltud. After a whllo,
however, the pneumatic tires rnme Into use,
and It was soon discovered that with these
the (mall- wheeed safeties could bo propelled
at n much higher velocity than the older stylo,
notwithstanding Its wheel of hugo dimensions.
The fact that the smnil wheels can run
faster than the large one ha puzzled more
than one mind, because It ha always been sup
posed that the larger tho wheel the easier It
would go. In fact, several yoars ago, an In
venter, who was guided by this view of the
cae, made n wheel ten or twelvo fret In diam
eter. This machlno was so Arranged that the
rider sat Inside of It. On account of Its great
size It was expected that It would easily
make a velocity of a mile a mlnuto. What
Its actual record was rannot b Rtntetl, hut Its
fate was undoubtedly that of many other de
vice of nn equally Impracticable charnrter,
which In the end find a placn In a Junk shop.
It having been demonstrated hetond all
question that tho small wheel safeties would
run much faster than the old wheels, tho-e of
an Inquiring turn of mill"' begun to study up
the subject for the purpose or finding nn ex
pUiiatlon of the seeming paradox, tit'iierally
nn effort ha been made to explain the matter
by departing from the well-known law ,f na
ture, ttid assuming that an extra Impetus Is
given tn the wheel by the enmprresed alrwjth
ti the lire, which, fur the purpose of the ex
planation Is supposed to act In an louxisslble
way. Those who have solved tho mj story In
this manner have assumed that the pressure of
the air Just behind tho point whern the tiro
rests upon the ground, act as a wedge or pry
to push the wheel forward: hut If this In true
lor the pressure behind, tt hy Is It not for that
In front? And If It Is. why will not one action
Just balani e the other? As a matter of fact. It
will; the pressure within the tire Is the itmo nt
all olnts. and therefore that Immediately in
trout of the point of contact with thn ground
will push tho wheel back Jut as much as '
that behind will pu-ih It forward.
Tne belief that the ulr pressure I what
cause the wheel to run so etsilt has boon nn l
strong In the minds of soino men, that they
have devised tires with partitions in them, eitt-li
pnrtltlnn being provided tilth a valtn ttmt
would allow the air to escape forward, but
not backward. Thl arrangement v. n -up-jocd
to becipableof great!) Increasing the ve
locity: but It cannot, a it would not be n'i'.o to
act so a o Increase the prs tore behind the
point In contact with the ground. That thl
I to. those who bato experimented along this
line have undoubtedly discovered by this time, I
although they still may not bu nblo to under
stand why It is so.
The re.il reason why n pneumatic tiro runs
easier than a solid cushion Is. that It virtually
st ens up the track upon which the whe-l runs.
This can more clearls be explained by the nld
of the acconipan) Ing sketches. Fig. 1 repre
sents a cushlon-tlrcd wheel running on n
smooth asphaltuai road. II represents the
pavement proper, and A the dust and rand
with which the surface Is generally entered.
A Is shown very much thicker than It should
be. to agree with the condition In which road
usually are. hut this Is done so ns to how the
action more clrarli. It must Io remcmtiered
that what linl'ts good for a thick layer of dust !
also hold good for a thin one. although to it 1
tii i fl slier extent, ,
The cushion lire being of small diameter,
and rather hard, will bear upon it mall sur- '
face of the dust, and therefore will ompres It
considerably, as shown at I). In addition to
this, the rubber being hard will noi 5 leld
rosily, therefore a considerable amount of
forco mut 1 exerted to compress It at the
front end as the wheel mote along. If the .
(peed Is verj slow this force will not bo v, ho'lv
lost, becnuse al the hack end of the mrface I
In contact with the ground tboconipresst-d rub
ber will spring nut and thu help to oush tho
wheel along. If the velocity were sufficiently
slow the push nt the bock end would tw equal
to th force required to compress the rubber
at the front end, but If It Is nut very slow it
would not. 1 he reason for this Is thnt the
rubber Is rath'-r torpid lu lt nctlon and re
quires some little time to spring out 'o It orig
inal shape as II reaches the point I). The re
sult of tho two actions is to make tho at tti.nl
path of the wheel up grade even, though tho
road Itself lie on a level. The effect of com
pressing the dust is to throw- the point of
greatest pressure ahead of the point that Is
dtrecil" under the tentreot th; wheel, and the
f?S53Vm7rr!?'
c .
excess of force required to compress the tiro
In front over that gltcn buck in swelling out
to Its natural shape behind also has tho same
effect. The combined action of thehe two
resistances Is equivalent to changlag the grade
of the road po as to make It steeper.
If there I no dust whateter on tho road,
thuu the only resistance that must bo over
come Is thnt of compressing the rubber. This,
at a low tato of speed, will amount to llttlu or
nothing, as nearly nil of It will bo given buck
by the push uf the exnanding tire as It leaves
the ground. Hut a the velocity I Increased
It will begin to bo noticeable, and the higher
the speed the moro it will amount to. From
this it Is evident that on a rwrfettly smooth
and dean asphaltura road, hard enough tn
not give under the wheel, a cushion tiro should
run Just as easily as a pneumatic at u very
low velocity, but as soon as tho velocity is in
creased It will toko moro power.
Figure S shows a pneumatic tiro on tho sumo
kind of road nnd under the same conditions
as those considered In connection with tho
cushion tire shown in Figure 1. An tho mien
tnatlo tl'a Is much mora yielding than the
olid cushion. It will flatten out and cover
moro surface, as shown hy tbe difference be
tween Figures land '!. As the surfato cov
ered Is greater, the compression of tlindiiht
will be lees, and the lujurof packed dirt till
will be thicker tn Figure 2 than In Figure 1.
From this fact iilone it la easy to see thnt tho
pneumatic tiro will run easier on a softrond
or on a hard one covered with a thick layer
of dust than the cushion, bncauso ns tho wheel
ilous not sink so deep It does not hate to ildor
up so steep a grade at the front and of the rut.
On a perfectly clean nud hard road the pneu
matic will run ca!er nlso, berdU'u tho force
lost In compressing the rubber of tint cushion
tire nt the front of tho nho-t Is inted. Tho
pneumatic tire isa thin rubier tube, which Is, hy
omparlson with thn solid cushion, very elastic.
No forco worthy nf notice Is required to com-
fircss the front of the tire, us to do this nil that
s necessary Is to dlinlaco the nlr nt that
point, which practical! offers no resistance.
The only resistance that hns to lio overcome by
a pneumatic tire on it clean, hard road Is the
friction of the machlno It'elf. and thn almost
Imperceptible form lequlred to bend the tube
as It rolls along. The leslatnnceof tho cushion
Hie under the same conditions Is not only the
friction of the machine, but nlw tho force, or.
at least, a largo nortLn or It, that Is required
to compress the front und of tho tire.
It may lie supposed by many that on a clean
nsphaltum road the gnln effected by the greater
rurfacn or contact In the pneumatic tire would
not amount to very much, hut this in very far
from correct, Nn matter how hartl thn rnnd
may lie, or how clean, the wheel will nlwus
sink Into It to a certain extent, and thesmnlltT
tho surface of contact the further II wlilslnk,
and, therefore, the more power will It require
to ride nut of tho rut, Tho lino O. In Fig. 1,
shows how the sinking of the wheel tends to In.
creaso the grade of the road.
Asa proof that even on the hardest kind of
smooth road tho pneumatic tire will roll i-asl-or.
It may bo mentioned that on railroads it
makes a considerable difference tn the power
required to draw a train whether the rails are
of Iron or steel. Now steel, as every one knows,
Is harder than Iron, but both are so hard that
they will sustain the weight of a car wheel
without any visible depression below the level
of the rail top. The fact, however, that tbe
force required to draw one tun on stool rails Is
e
HNHMHHHVH
only six pound, while on Iron It U eight, show
conclusively that although the depression of
the rail Is so (light tha. It cannot be detected.
It Is enough greater on lrnn than on teet to
make a difference of twenty-five per cent. In
the forco required tn move n given weight, The
lx and eight pounds' pull, ns stated above,
jhat la necessary to move one tnn refers to rail
that have been In use long enough U become
polished: with new rails the pull lies high ns
ten or oven twelve pounds. Tills show that
on very smooth marl way a very slight differ
ence 111 the condition of the surface compara
tively will mako n very decided difference In
the force required to draw the load. A ft
further proof of this fact It maybe said that
en street railroads tho force required to draw
one ton runs all tbe wny from twelve to twen
ty pounds, the difference being caused wholly
by the amount of grit on the rails.
Applying these fncts to bicycle wheels It Is
easy to see that the pneumatic, which spread
out over n greater surface, must recessarlly
depress It leis than the solid cushion which
only bears on n narrow ridge: hence Ihs force
that must bo exerted to propel the wheel will
lio let with tho former.
On rough road the action of tho pneumatic
tiro Is the same. This can be easily seen from
Hgs. .") and 4. In the tlrst of these the solid
cushion. In vestng over the crack between the
stones of an ordinary pavement, drops and
strikes the corner of the stone ahead, an shown
nt B, with considerable forco. Tn tide msr II
the whole weight of the rider mut be raised
nearly tho entire distance, A. between the
position of the wheel whon over the de
pression and that which It will attain
when over H. When It drops off of
H on to the next stone ahead tho same
action is repeated. Tills not only makes
the motion very unpleasant, but alsn auwirbs
a considerable power, because In passing over
each depression tho whole weight has to be
lifted. If the lift at encli point Is, say, one
eighth of nn Inch, nnd the distance bct.vcen
polntH Is. say. five Inches, the potter exiiended
will bo equivalent tu that required to run up
a two-nnd-onn-hnlf per cent, grade on a smooth
road. With tho pneumatic tire the conditions
nro quite different. The tint will flatten out
nnd cover two or more stones at one tlmo: and
on account of Its hsvlmg a murh greater bear
ing, tho wheel will not be ablo Ui sink Into the
depressions tntlicssme extent. It will drop
somewhat, but nothing like so much as the
cushion tire. On this account tho Jolting Is
very much reduced, and so Is the expenditure
of pnwer. the difference In tho exertion re
quired to propel wheels with the two dlfferont
kinds of tires being nlioutrqu.nl to tho differ
encti In the smoothness or roighness of mo
tion, whichever wny ou choose ta look at It.
As the superiority of the pneumatic tiro He
In tho fart that It I more easily tomnr'essed
and springs buck to It natural shone quicker
than the cushion, and also to the f-ct, that It
flattens out under the weight, and covers a
greater amount or surface. It naturally fol-
I lows that tho elasticity of thn material of
which tho tutiels made nnd also the pressure.
I of!he air within will hateaconiderablo effect
upon the ens-with which It will run. As to
the tube, it may bo snld that tNi thinner It is.
I consistent witli strength nnd durability, and the
moreelnstlc the material, the better It will be.
1 A hnrd. thick tube will ahsorb so much power
1 in bending In and out as largely If not
1 wholly to offset the gnln due to the grenter
I flexibility afforded by tho mobility of tho com-
, pressed air within. As to the nlr pressure.
it will tut fonnd that nn rough stone pave-
1 ments nr.eoft dirt roads n reduction of press-
uru will mako the wheel run easier, but on
hartl smooth roads it will not produce a very
noticeable difference. So far as lh air press
ure uloue Is concerned It might besald that the
lower the better, because one of the reasons
why a pneumntlc tiro runs with less eivertion
is thittsU flattens out and tot era more ground,
and thus prevents the wheeel from dropping
Into etery small depression. But as the bend
In? In nnd out of tho tube sbsu.-bs power. It Is
etfdeiit thai If the pressure is reduced too
much the loss occasioned by the extra flat
tening of the tiro will be greater than the gain
due to tho Increased surface In contact with
the road. From this It follows that both ex
tremes of pressure will glte the poorest re
suits, and that tho liest will he obtained at
some middle point. Where this ixilnt Is can
only be determined by a-tual trial, as It will
differ wilh dlfftrent makes of tires anil with
different weights of riders. On general prin
ciples, it may tic said that fnr soft ronds a
light pressure will alvc the best results.
Tho-e rho desire to become fast rider
could liiiDroto theirspt'cd quite conlneiahiy
bt prot Idlng theniseltes with n pressure gaugn
that would regls'er accurately, nnd then ex
periment oter agiven tr.teK with different
pressures. They would soon find that at a
certain pressure higher siei'd could bo ob
tained than ut any other. Hut the pressure
that would give the best results on a hartl
track would not be the best for a soft one.
The best picssuro for any given road could
only be ascertained hv nc.unl experiment
thereon. The oressuro that would rcdnce
the prnpolllug reslstence to the lowest point
could bo determined with great accuracy by
uxlng an Instrument that would Indicate the
effort made by the rider when going over the
trark at full speed, and incert could, no
doubt, tower their time very materially by ex
perimenting with such an Instrument, As
most of the fast riders ore In the oninlny of
1 irge manufacturers who fully realizo the
benefit tntliem of record-breaklngtlme made on
their wheels, snd as iiinnyof these concerns
lint n engineers of undoubted ability to ail vise
them. It Is not at nil improbable that In some
enses such instruments hate been detlstst
nnd aro used, although the fact would be kept
secret so as to pretrnt competitors from using
something similar.
.O.V.H llAS.LlSOTO' VtH.VSTEKIia.
The Am-rtrss llonlli Armr O-ts n Coa.
spleuous ICeerult la Illlnul.
Votn thr Chicago Ihtftv Tribune.
George II, Quinlan. the City Treasurer of
Evnnstnn, has Joined Hnllinston Booth's Volun
teers. Ho nppeared In the public parade In that
city last night, bearing a flag, nud announced
his Intention at tho open-air service of placing
his name on iho rolls of the army and hereafter
taking an active part In Its work. Ills decla
ration was repeated later In the evening at a
meeting at the First Methodist Church, Col.
Klelillnz being present.
Mr. Quintan Isa member of the firm of Quin
lan & Tyson, real es'jtto dealers and Insurance
ngents. He snld while he expected to toiillnuo
for a while In business lie would hereaftor de
vote much moro of hi mean and attention to
the cause he espoused. He Intimated further
that lie might nt a later date relinquish the ac
tive life of money making und dovote his time
entirely tn tbe work of carrying out tbe alms
of tho Volunteers, He said he believed thl was
the step for him to take, and tbe conviction
which had been steadily growing upon him nt
last tiKig shape lu an open declaration nf his
puriKise.
Mr. Qulnlnn's remarks drow forth muoh en
thusiasm from the new brethren and wero
greeted with "volleys" of alliens, l'he outside
low uspeoplu who attend) d llie meeting displayed
not a little siirprlieand the matter was the tppln
or conversation among those of Quintan's friends
and political associates who were aware of his
move. Coniliig.as it does, only a few days after
thettorlarntloii ot Charles Morse, who Joined
tho Volutin era last week. It Is looked upon with
Increasing interest.
Mr. Quinlan Is about .'13 years old and has
lived In Evauston fur years. Ills father was the
owner of the Avenue House, Evanttoii, and he
was the manager until Jan. 1. Twice hit has
been elected City Collector, and at the last elec
tion was made Treasurer. In politics he has
taken a prominent part, and represented his
district not only at county but at state Conven
tions, He Ib alsn a prominent Mason, nn Odd
Fellow, und u member of the Evanston Boat
Club. In religious matters he ha never figured
prominently, though hn has been a member nnd
trustee of the First Prenbyterlan Church, of
which llie He v. J, II. Hoyd la pastor. He
said ho did not expect to never Ills connee.
lions cpmplotolv with the Church on ao
mom ttr his new ties. He la also a crad
tit nl Northwestern University and during
ii college days Joined tho Phi Kanna Sigma
fraternity. He Is wealthy, and he gives It as
his lulenilnn to devote much of his means to re
ligious work. He announced at tbe meeting last
night that he had been taking subscriptions dur
ing thn week for the Volunteers, and had suc
ceeded In clearing tho Army uf Its debts.
In (peeking of his more last night Mr. Quin
lan had this to say:
" I have felt fnr some time that I was not ret
ting from my Christian experience what J had
reason to believe I should expect, and I also
considered that I was not doing the work that,
) Incumbent upon one making my profession
The field of the American Volunteers appealed
to me as one I sbould, enter, and I made the
move,"
REVELATION BYTRAP DOOR
A BEAKCK THAT BUCCEEItEn, EVT
Hl'Oll.EO A IttiLIEIEJt.
The Hervteea or n Stage Macleten Called la
hy a Moa to Have Ills Father from the
'Wildcat Seheatea Bseommeaded by Me.
dlnraa-Ao salalaet'a Ifaad Kzposed.
Kellar, the magician, occasionally perform
feats In a private way that are no more Inter
esttng perhaps than his stage performances,
but possess n singular quality of human Inter
est. For Instance, a young man came to him
not very long ago and said thnt his father had
fallen so completely under the Influent 0 of n
certain spiritualistic medium that he would
transact no buslnets without ndvlco from the
spirit land, and It was feared that the old man
was going to bring destruction upon hlmielf
through his serious attontlnn to tho ghosts.
Some time ngu, the son snld, tho heavenly
guides had advised their worshlpporto Invest In
some mining stocks or doubtful character, and
he had declared that ho would take the point
er. The son was greatly alarmed, and he had
come to Kellar to learn if hy means of tho
magician's talent the venerable dupe's faith
could not be shnken In these shades that camo
so good-naturedly from tbe land nf tho un
known to advlso him In everything from tho
vatuo of mining securities to the liest type of
bicycle. Tbe possessors of tho heavenly truths
conveyed their meanings to tho old man in
messages written upon ordinary slates. The
story aroused Keller's sympathy, and he ar
ranged a scheme to thwart the spirits and de
prive them of their pious old victim.
The son departed happy, and upon meeting
his fathsr said:
"Father, I have discovered a new medium
who Is a peach. All your friends are not In It
with this nnd. He communes with the spirits
every minute of his life, nnd he knows every
move they make. Slatj writing? Why, that
fellow can Just holler nt a slato nnd ths spirits
will rover It with solemn ndvlco In seven lan
guage." The father rejoiced nt the dl"ovcry of his
son, nnd hn gladly aciepted an Invitation to
attend a seance for tho now medium nnd get
some more advice from heaven.
Thereupon the son simply Informed Kellar
that his father's name was Andrew, that his
mother's nnmo was Martha, and that tho
nnnio or hi sUter was Susan. Equlppod with
those meagre but satlstartory data. Kellar
prepared a campaign ngninst tho s.ilrllr.
An appointed hour found the old man, his
son. and a friend of Kellnr's -there by special
Invitation to witness the performance- seated
In the library nf the magician's home. Across
the Knees of the old man lay a bundle of a
dozen new slates, which he had brought.
I'rosently Kellar made his entrance, and with
out any delay proceeded to the business of
the otcnslon. Stripping thn library table of
Itslampi, books, and covering, hit remarked
casually that the moqurtle carpet of tbe room
would probably Interfere somewhat with the
magnollc tontrol or the spirits, but thnt he
thought ho could manage the ghosts all rlcht.
At his requost, they examined tho table, nnd.
falling to find any sntanlc device about It. I
they took eats. Kellar Instructed them to 1
draw their chnlrn close to the table, llie old ,
man sat uppatltethe magician: ihe son and
tho friend were at cither end. The room
was brilliantly Illuminated, and remained 50
throughout the seance. After a pause. Kellar
spoke In a low tono. cautioning tho others to
remain-perfectly quiet, to make no remark,
nnd to ask nn questions until the spirits had nn
opportuultr to manifest themselves.
In makliis these preliminary arrangements,
Kellnr's maimer wn solemn and mystic,
his face was Inscrutable, while his even 1
swept from one to another of the puny in
those stern nnd challenging glances which
somehow make alltlctlms of mediums feel
meek and utterly Incapable or doing auv thing
so offensive ns lo exisise n fraud. Presently
he took the old man's slates from the table '
and earelcsslj Inspected them. They were of
many kinds nnd sizes, some In plain wooden I
frames, tome In the ilcco'atcd bordcts which
school children admire. Picking up small J
elate the tdiod of which was stamped with
ngures. letters, ana uruwings or anl.nnls. Urn
muglclan asked the men t extend their hands
one oter the other, to the centre of the table.
A little stack of six huuds hat ing been made,
Kellar placed his long sIm lort hand on top
of the sta-'k. A Ith his right hand ho tliru-c
tl.e lato under the table, keeping Ids thumb
always In sight, however, Jut nbote the edge
of the table. There was another moment of
silliness. Opposite the mngiclau sat the old
man. motionless and awed, his ejes upon the
pale face of tho pretended medium.
Presently Kellor drew the sl-te from lie
nenth the table. All ees were Instantly uiwin
It However. It was still perfccllt blank.
Kellar eyed It wistfully and In a tone of dis
app lntment whispered:
"The spirits are a trifle slow this evening."
Ag.iin he thrust the "lnte under the table, al
ways keeping tils thumb in sight. In less than
ten soconds he said: "I.et us look again"'
When the elate c.inie Into tlow It was found
tn lie covered on both sides with writing, done
In a hand too tins for nut human lieltig to have
Inscribed It In ttich 11 brief period. Moreover
the writing was In -seven language, .fnpnnesc,
(ireek. Hlndonstanec.Anbtc, Chinese. Iliislan.
antt Navajo Indian Th.- old man had no
knowledge of Jitpnnese. nor Ore"fc. nor Hindoo.
S..UICO. nor Arable, nor Chinese, nor Hussion,
nor Navajo Indian, but this exhibition so
narnU zed him that he didn't ask fur a trans
latlrn. "Thunder." lie whispered excitedly to his
son. "this beats nnytbine I cvcrsnwj"
"Didn't 1 t-11 )ou o." replies! the voting
man. "He's 11 daisy! Shut up now .mil watt
for the next net."
Kellar presently addressed the aged victim:
"Please pelect a slate and write upon It the
name or sonic friend who has passed to tint
other ship or lire."
The old gentleman picked out n slate, and
writing a name upon It laid the written elrto
dnwnwnrd and slid ll across the table to Kellnr.
Tuklug It between thumb anil linger the magi
cian slid It under the table a befoie while the
company again stacked hands in tho eentre.
Kellnr eald that the hnnd urt of the pro
gramme was a condition Imposed by the spirits
to perfect the magnetic harmony and concen
trate the atmospheric thought currents which
otherwise would serious' v Interfere with the
t rut el ol the shades und make n moblilznthm
of nny particular force of spiritual Intellect next
to Impossible.
The maglt Ian preently drew forth theslnto.
but again It was blank. He muriitred lu t ha.
grin and thrust It hack once more. Iiumedlntely
the scratching ot a elate pencl. could ills,
tinctly tie heard, and In a very few moments
three hollow rapt sounded. Whii Kellnr
brought forth the slate. It lioro these words:
"Dear friends: We aro happy to bo able to
send voil a message through the medlumtOilp
or our dear brother, fell Andrew thnt wo aro
overjoyed In his mtth, thnt his loved ones are
guiding his every step. Wo nre a powerful
band snd will not let him go astray. He can
not feol us, but we touch ami embrace b'ni
every day. IT he could only penetrate tht
tnln tell Ibure Is between us ho would feo .U-.i 1.
Stnrthu, ontl Susan stnndlng over him. liml
bless you all."
Tbe old man's emotion upon receiving this
mesngo was vert" great. Ha had not alto
imbnr expected that the medium could corial
bis own departed ones from tbe Infinite spires
nf the universe. In a vnlco houree with feel
Ing he requested that this qujstlon should he
propounded:
"Shall I mortgage tho farm and Invest in
the mining stocksf"
Almost ntonco the slate was brought hack
with this answer:
"Do so, by all mean,"
Transported by this proof nf the care nnd de
votion of the spirits, the old man leaned heav
ily against tho table. Hut at this moment a
vivid flash of lightning filled tho room, blinding
the ees wltn its white shlverlnc brilliancy
and atunnlng the company with astonishment.
When the Illumination became normal there
were but threo men at the tabic. The medium
had vanished.
All hut one of the Elutns wcro gone. I'pon
flit s was written s
"The llnih of light which has Just dazzled
you will be tho means nf roteallng within
ttvoutv.rour hours that what you have seen
and oxnerlenccd here to-night Is not the work
or spirits, but of a follow mortal.
"llAIIUV IvKI.I.All."
At thn door stood a grave servant who Indi
cated the exit with onn calm gesture. Tho
company arose nnd groped their way toward
the street, The old man went first, and ufter
him his snn. As Kellnr'a friend was about to
stop across tho threshold tho form of the ma
gician appoarrd, motioning lo him from an
alcove, and then over cofftm nntl cigars Kellar
told tho story of the stance supply house,
where ho purchased a collection of the differ
ent kinds of slues manufactured In the
United States. These elates he placed In the
room underuath the trap, first covering sev
eral of them wlt'i writing in the seven differ
ent languages. Then the preparations were all
complete with tho exception of an hour's re
hearsal with Barney, hm chief assistant. The
cues wero thoroughly understood hntween the
magician and his silent ami cool-headed ao
cnmpllee. The seanon commenced. Kellar
picked out a slato which was an exact dnpll
rntt or one or those upon which he had written.
This he holds under the table as described.
Withdrawing It tnsee If the spirits had written,
he hastily pushes It hack with the remark that
the spirit were a trifle slow that evening. Thl
Is Barney's cue.
Underneath on a temporary scaffold tbe
eountorfeltjEolrlt unbolts the trap, UinuvUtro ,
HBaHHBl'CsJ:''f'jBaaWBi
1, ' --
ward nn arm and grasps the slato from Ms
master's hand. Drawing It through the trap
he p'eks nut Its duplicate from the collection
which has been prearranged, and deftly, with'
out 11 sound, places It under tho fingers ready
to receive It. Immediately the bogus medium
exhibits the slate written m strange languages
as dosrrlbed. The piercing glow it myste
rious light was n magnesium flash operated
by the magician's photographer hidden behind
Uic curtains, who made an exposure of the
scene nt the moment when Harney was passing
nn the lat slate. Kellar had all hands ex
tended tt the centre or Hm table, not tor the
puritoso or centralizing the magnetism but to
draw nil eyes over tho tUile and prevent nny
possibility or llatney's arm being seen.
Within fortj -eight -hours after this affair ft
? holograph was In the old mnn's possession.
I was a very good portrait nf Unmet" passing
up a slnto nisiii tv.ilch wne written advice from
the sky. That ended the old tann's belief In
spiritualism.
OLD MAX nVr.XtlM'S fLKI'llANT.
He Did More Thaa Ilia Hhnre to Help Oa a
Nhnm Circuit Parnile,
mm f As lent r f YeM anil hrtu.
There was a circus In Denver the other day,
and It reminded us of old man Buzzard and the
time he had an elephant on his hands In Pueblo.
Biuzard was n Texas drover, and had Just come
up from the panhandle with a herd of rattle
which he sold on the Arkansas to John lit fT. and
had received several thousand dollars In pay
ment. A circus and travailing menagerie had
Just been stranded In Pueblo, and the Sheriff
was selling off the show property under an
execution. Buzzard was Just about full enough
nn this day to be fascinated by a thing of that
sort, and ho commenced bidding nn everything
that was offered for salo. A big snake, seven
teen feet long, was knocked down to him for
(501). Next he hid tu',000 for a Bengal tiger
and got him. A big elephant brought $5,000,
and Buzzard became the owner. He hid on
everything In such a reckless manner that tho
Sheriff and the show peoplo were In Hn ecstasy
of delight. The Judgment was soon satisfied,
nnd the show people had moro surplus money
coming tn them than their whole outllt origi
nally cost.
Buzzard paid for everything, nnd, being
troubled with nn Irresistible desire to treat
evorybody, he soon had tbe show people, and
every ono who would drink with him. as full a
himself. A big crowd was following the old
man from plnce tn place and the saloons were
reaping 11 rich hnrvest. Finally Buzzard con
cluded to haven show at night and a grand pro
cession instantly. Tho members of tho brass
band were full of enthusiasm and everything
clsu supplied hy the average Pueblo bar. Tbe
circus horsos ttero hitched to the wagons nnd
cages, nnd tho lilg elephant was brought out
and saddled. Buzzard was suddenly seized
with doubt as lo whether his proper place was
on the back nf the elephant or In the cage with
the lions. The circus people, discovering that
he was an apparently Inexhaustible mine of
gold, whiskey, and fun. wore not disposed tn
feed him to the lions yet a while, and they per
suaded him that the post of honor and danger
was on the back of the rol elephant.
Dressed like nn Arab sheik, with turban and
sword, followed by Mrs. Buzzard nnd the chil
dren, who had come up from Texas with the
mess wagon, arranged In a manner that sug
gested painted Comanche squaws or wild Cir
cassians they mounted tho big olenhant. The
circus people coold hardly keep their laces
straight, llie band struck up "Dixie." and tbe
procession started through the streets. All the
I town was at windows oriin thehnusetops watch
ing and enJoIug the fun. for tiy this time
1 everybody bad heard of Buzzard. Down on
I Santa fV- ureniie. near the Arkansas River.
the elephnnl slopped and liegnn to sway
' hi trunk. Whether it spirit of deviltry sud
denly possessed the elephant, or whether the
spirit nf deviltry originated with the conductor
nnd wa communicated to the elephant In some
mysterious way, the deponent salth not. Cer
tain it Is that the elephant made straight for
the rlvernnd In ho Blunged. It was In vain that
Buzzard roared. Mrs. Buzzurtl shrieked and
the children squalled. Tho elephant marched
straight Into the deep water, and. fllllng his
I trunk full, turned It over his bead and poured a
flood Into tho hoadah. nearly drowning the
I Buzaids.
1 Old Biizzartl flourished his sword and roared
like a linn. Finally the elephant lay down and
rollel over. Ituzanl wr.s a goisl swimmer and
managed to get to the shore with his wife and
children. Sealed on the bank, with the muddy
water dripping from them, they presented n
picture tn excite pity, but the spectators laughed
until eterbody was hoarse. The Buzzards re
mained ramped on tbe banks until the sun went
down. They seemed to bare realized that they
had been furnishing amusement for the town,
and tbe old man suddenly developed a belliger
ent spirit that caused people tn do their laugh
ing nt a distance. Evcrv time nny one approach
ed them be would flourish his sword nnd swear
like a pirate. The sun went down on his wrath
and It hid the Knzznrds forever.
MAiJtE TltP.lIt T.AST HV.Y VAXCE.
A Crent Tndependeaee Day Ilullaballoo at
the I'lne Utdgo Acesry.
lYnm Hit Pltltiurah IMnjxitch.
Tine Rtticg Agency, s. D., July 5. The
mnrningrtf tho Fourth dawned here amid the
whooping of Indians, the neighing of ponies,
und the etplng or dogs, all excited by a sun
dance. Such a wild, picturesque conglomeration
nt sights ami rounds may never be known again.
Tbo'a famlll.tr with such things think It will be
Impossible to ever again gather such a throng
of untutored children of ttie plain.
There were 5,000 of them-Iirules. Ogalallas,
and Cheycnnes. At their head was that histor
ical old patriarch of the tomahawk and scalping
knife. Bel Cloud. While thenged sachem was
boss of the day. he had numerous Illustrious as
sistants He Dog. Big Elk. Dog Ear, Running
Bear, I.onc Dog, Bear-l'pslde-Down. Wolf Nose,
nnd i-co res of others, distinguished alike on tbe
war trail and In the chase.
There were squaw-dances the night before In
tbe light of 100 camp fires, while the young
buck were engaged In horse and foot races and
sport. The monotonous besting of drums,
commingled with the hoarse shouts of the old
and the fnlsetto chant of the dancing squaws,
wa heard long after midnight.
Nevertheless. Aurora hod partly begun to sil
ver tho lops of the tnllest buttes in the morning
before the whole plateau was In a very par
oxysm of unearthly sounds and motion. Scores
and scores nf half-naked, feather-bedecked
warriors dashed hither and thither over the
plain on their little rats of ponies, veiling like
fiends am! tiring rifles at every Jump.
Painted Indians on painted onles were short
ly sunrmli'B tho plain, while a. wall of snuaws
two and three deep enclosed the vast arena and
kept the nlr vibrating with shrieks of encour
agement or wails of lamentation. So like a
co ote's Is the tongue of a Slonx belle that It la
nil hut Impossible to tell when she Is mighty
tickled or In the last agony of death.
There was a short Interval ot bantering be
tween Big Elk, stripped to eaglo plume and
hretfh clout, and Standing Hear. In n war bon
net reaching to bis heels, and with a big brass
breastpin. Big Elk shook his rifle In defiance,
w bile Mantling Bear w urked hi braceleted arms
and long lanee in the wildest manner.
A hush and 1 hen simultaneously each sounded
his war err. Then came a very deluge of white
ponies with green Inlls. black ponies with, yel
low stripes ami pink mnnes. polka-dotted and
cheeked pnnle. nntl ponies, In fact, of all tho
colors of Joseph's eoni some with tails painted,
with gaudy ribbons, withes, and willow
brunches; others with buffalo horns attached
tn the shins of their heads and scalps and coyote
tails streaming from hitsnd girths. Their wild
riders bore Ittnre and shield, their faces and
mined bodies bedaubed with flaming serpents
and liorett tolls, miles cracked and hows
twiinifsd to the nccumpaiiimeni of the fiercest,
most hnlr-ralslng yelps und whoops thnt ever
lent th" sunimnr nlr.
Inn Hash all were In n writhing, struggling,
shrieking mass, cotivolntlng In tbe smoke and
il 11 it like n bug" wounded serpent, The squaws,
nil In stiff. legged motions, went In a rrenzy, and
vclltd or screamed, n was impossible to tell
w heiher In exultation or Inmrntntliin,
It would bo dltllfilll to ray which side won,
owing to tho way In which they dragged off tint
dead and dying, and the lucxtrlrablo tangia
In which they wormed theniaeltos after tho
sham battle was over.
An Indiana lee I'uvern.
tYohi the rfiwiiinnd rnijulrer.
One of tho movt romarkablo natural phenom
ena that have been discovered in recent yenj-s
has Just been reported In the southwest corner
ot Brown county, Ind., near the village of El
klnsvllle. It Is 11 cave and Is on the farm of
Billy .Moore.
At its 011 mince, which Is completely over
lapped b the trees, cold air Is plainly percent!,
bio. The opening appears ndt unlike a mine
shuft long disused, but the steep, rooky descent
shows nothing or an artificial oonstruo.lon. The
winding way leads to a oavern which Is fully
fifty feet below the surface. This Is like a broad,
vaulted corridor, and Is known to the natives as
thn Devil's Chamber. Tbe air In this apartment
la near the freezing point. From this point
quite a number of halls lead off ta a confusing
manner, but tbe one to the lo vault Is evldsnt
from th cold blast whloh oomss from It
The duoent In thl natural corridor 1 tlmllar
to th rooky decline at the entcanoe of the cave,
but not oyer a doseo yard within the toe Is
plainly visible, and further on It Is thick on all
sides, like the crust that Is formed on the elpss
of an lee plant A little further on thedeaoent
entirely osoasa. nnd bare th wall are frozen
hard like tbe around In tb middle of the win.
ter. Then the narrow way leads Into a mam.
moth ohamber known as th toe vault. This
extends fully 100 feet. Tbe lo towers fa a
miniature mountain. Itstands In a solid mass.
extending downward ti depth which. It would
be four to conjecture, , ,
)
THIS MAN WAS FROM TEXAS fM
HE MADE XT II IH IWHISBiS 9 , f J
ETES VP A HCIUtK. , j , j
Then lie Monated HI Toar nnrl Bode Away ' V i $
-The Moral ! that Most Native Tesiaasi 11 J
Know How to Vn Bmall nrrartu. J If , (J
Iron thr Courier-Journal. .. 'j
It wm nt tho cosey hostelry nf n small IndUa & its
ana town on tho banks of the Ohio. Wo WflMy Jf -V, t 3
smoking our clgnrs on the veranda and x-fr ",J1V''i'
changing remlnlfcences of by-gone dhys.Xhwi . M-i?
conversation had drifted to tho uso of flre-ji ' If
arms, and the startling promptness and ef. " j!j
flelenry with which thoy wero still handlod, ?Miil
In certain sections of the country. Amonjct 'jlvl
tho listeners was n man known hy the naraat, flif!
of Tom Turner. Ills llfo hail been most jii1
eventful one. Hy turns rancher, horse breaks A 'IJf
cr, cowboy, miner, teamster, newspaper corwv $ j)I
respondent, nnd go"n tinman, ho had lived ta,t ' il
overy style In every Btato In tho Union, boa t " I' 1
sides having roughed It In Mexico,. South anSii r 1 !:
Jontrni America, and Cuba, u; osjai :;uj I'.'1
"I'll tell you what it Is. genUernn.rriHo"M 3 l t
Tom, "jou may talk nlmut the facility shovtarli 4 i
In some of the States In tho matter nf "hn-, h h S
tiling shooting Irons, but whep It comes down , S 1J p
to the masterly use of n gun the native Texai '( 5
Is the superior nf nny man living, ,'
"In the fall of '7ft 1 had been working in OV 1 V -
small town In Montana, preparing, In cnllabonv- - J
Hon with It editor, ft 'souvenir' edition off.,', ',f ll'
paper. My work completed, I turned mr-faoaiit ti: -'
toward the Golden Date, with no we,ll-Iefln4. A j
purroso In vlnw save tint of enjoying myselaj; . '
while my money lasted. -.,-ria ? ,
"By eaay stjigee I had prooeedod as far aVi A
Mojave. a small California town, numbrtns ' yt j
about two thousand Inhabitants, composer "-. j V
mostly of miners, gamblers, adventurers, ant,'' '''. i
that nondescript predatory class invariably to, 'sfl )
bo found where thore Is any hope of gnln to.bsis "-! , ,
derived from plundering, gnmlug. or scheming, .- jj ' l'i
The form of law exlited, and. In a perfunctor-- i if'
manner, Its processes wero ccaslonally oxe- 'llQlil
cuted. But theft and murder were, everydai ti'sMJi
Incidents, rarely punished except by Individ liasl
nnl retaliation nnd reprisal. ' 1
"I hod strolled Into the principal bnrroom,t, v- H
of tho town to slako my thirst with ft coollnti , ' t
drink, tho afternoon being hlnzlng hot. Tho, t:, 49
place was conducted hy a fellow who wao-- 1 'fsrlB
known nmong the community hy the. sobrlquetci PlUH
of "IlctP Mike a burly, beetlo-browed, power ' KxiH
fully built man of about .10 years of age, at, , sflf1!
ex-prize fighter and a bnlly, who, by reason oj iliJ
his physical prowess, hail achle red some ripue - 'llHal
tntlon as n slugger. Lounging about ths room . ' SB
were it number of habitues of tho place, sm,ok; IhfJ
Ing. drinking, enrd plalhg, nnd discussing 1 ffiB
plans for the accomplishment of new villainous)- rrs'l
schemes. t ' UvhB
"My glass had been almost drained, and gj Iffifl
was preparing to depart, when there entered, 'tpflS
the room a young fellow, almost a boy, who,,, wyfj
from his appearance. I Judged to be a section t'l
hand, a new railroad being then In orocess ot 1 .Mm
construction a short distance from the town. 5F8
lie 'Placed upon the bar an empty pint bottle, . imM
and asked tho proprietor to All It wth blsbesil
whiskey, at the imii time laying onthecoun ltH
tor a sliver half-dollar In payment. iMI
Just at this moment several or the loungers ', ill
in the room gathered in rront or tho bar. ono j.. l.iaaH
or whom, either In a spirit or J-tlltry or from Vasal
his thievish proclivities, picked up nnd secret" IB
cd the money while the purchheer's attention , faS
wits temporarily attracted to eomethlng out- ijBal
side. Upon being handed his bottle, tho lrBal
young man was departing from the room whea rii 1B1
the tiarkocper called to him: ' !
" 'Hold on, yon; thas games don't go here tScQal
ord vou'd better not trt- tln-m not1
" What do you mean'?' snld tho strangezv, "hBI
turning back. ytH
" "You know very well what I mean; I want. ' iftaBl
you to rl" mo for that whiskey.' said Red . j )
Mike. ' VJbbbbbI
"'I've paid ou for jour whiskey.' answered fraHal
the railroad man. In no wii-e daunted by the JTmHal
fierce aspect or the bully liehitid tho bar. and t't' ?
I don t Intend to pay ion a eerond time.' ' i HH
"With a bound the saloon man stood In & tjal
Tront of the young rallronder. his sleeves rolled inJlV'taaaal
up and a menacing scowl on hi 11 cly Visage. .MmH
"'lou'U either hand mo over a half a dollar jH.JBBai
or III lick tho Urn out or 011.' ho shouted, vJaflBt'flH
putting himself in an attitude of offence.",, aHaBBaaK'Sjal
'Slnco vou're bound 10 fight, come OBSSsmm
then, replied the plniky youne- stranger . -j!
throwing ol! hi coat nnd squaring himself la " t!
a thoroughly pugilistic attitude. Kf H
'At It they went, hamm-r and tongs.. buti k 'SB
it took oaly a short time to demonstrate that. " sS
despite the greater size and strength of Bed , 45 jH
Mike, he was not a match, professional"., Jt S Vjj
though he hod been, for his ontagonlst. And iffi Isaaal
science alums tells in those things. BrJ jmml
ueiore two minutes had elapsed the harw , ;
keener hod measured his length on tho floor. - 4H
a well-directed blow under and at tho polnft. '::Sbb!
oftlie ehln having felled him like an ox at ' :-MW
the shambles. But h soon regained his rsaal
foet, ami. with a bellow of rage, made for his ,1 " '.iSB
opponent again. A eecond time he went t iVjaaai
down tjefnro the superior skill or tho yeans J -
man. Now thoroughly Infuriated, and re." to 7) v9bbs
allrlng that he had met his master, his cow- , -'
ardlt instincts predominated, und the saloon ''-'
keeper started for a box in which firewood 'f-SH
was kept, intending to brain his sturdy ad-(. r v ,'iWLM
versnry with n billot. At n etrldo the rail iWmW
road man was upon him. and. getUng his, ,Ibbs
head in chancery, proveeded to administer iSjaal
somo severe punishment. Striking with one! VdfVl
arm to ward away the blows being rained ' IisbI
upon him. the baTkeepcr stealthily reached aSaaai
for his hip pocket with the other, and, pro-1 '!
duclng a plttol of the bulldog pattern, tin
placed It muzzle against tho stomach of tho! 4 tl-fl
other and pulled the trigger twice In rapid.) t f.t jlofa
succession. 2 hlMMM
"With a groan the railroad man sank tod jjfB
the floor, exclaiming, 'My Ood, boys. hes 1 f dlH
killed me." These were tho only words ho J v 7-SIB
spoke. A fow seconds afterward tho breatUd j rrisaal
had loft his body. 1 tSJH
"Of course there was an Inquest. Utti 'iiiU
town In that country, however, lawless, trot, ,3
goes through the form of a. qunsl-jndlclal to-d '. M
aulrr as to the cause or causes of an cuinarurtdii ' itsai
ettth. , "" ,5 TJal
"Of course, also, the saloon man was ezo H
onerated, the verdict being to the effect that 3
the killing bad been done tn self-defence. (J )jm
On the afternoon following the Inquest er, ij!B
eral persons were standing around In front of 1 NBtawi
the hotel, discussing the occurrences of thodayv ' 'Vjaal
In the centre of n group composed of th 1 ,-M lljsaal
rougher elements of the community stood Red.. 1 DiM
Mike, exploiting ns though tt had been ft znetMj' 3)
torinns deed the episode ot the killing. M M
"While thus engaged ft man wbo hail been,' I 5?6M
noticed ns a newcomer In the town for a dx a m
or two preceding the shooting sauntered urn ,;U MA
to tho group In which the saloon bully warn 'mpS
holding forth. He wns a finely formed pooK 1 y'fl
men of manhood, broad, muscular, lnowTit, ,ii!,ias
dressed In tho fashion nf the country and lcoS i3iM
,ng every Inch a fighter. Ills face was swarthy', 1 t 3 fatal
like that of a roan accustomed te spending war' ' trlraai
da) s In acttt e exercise In tho open air. Bis era ' A.m
was keen and piercing, and under a heavy blaott , um
moustache could be traced a mouth IndlutlTO.' ;!$
of indomitable courage and resolution. ,' , 1- lV,s
"Stepping up to tho saloon keeper he soldltii, SbbI
a quiet tone: .1 t't"!? sal
" 'I'm told that you are a fighter. Is thMrP iflctsaa!
trne?' ;. VVW
" 'I don't know that It's any business of' iSfaal
yours,' answered the barksoper, glancing vuufi )'Mm
easily at the newcomer. v .i'liH
" Well. I Intend to make It my btosine. ?. rfPaal
Joined tho ettangcr. 'I've been In this towa Iritfl
for two days. I saw you murder yes. murdef itaaai
a mere boy In cold blood, and In the most' ' ' TfMu
dastardly manner. I've seen a Jury of yonp-1 ' r JBafl
friend exonerate you when you rhffnld have f 'laBal
been hanged like a dirty, cowardly dog that 70a Smm
are, I'm from Texas. In my Bute, If the) f '"Ssjaal
Inw lets n red-handed murderer go free we And"' 1 (Saaal
somo other way of seeing Justice done, I'vS , f. Maaal
taken up that friendless boy's affair, sad A V'HJaaH
you've got to settle with me rou'ro got ta otMaH
light me ' , PaH
"A tho Texan proceeded his brows came to 1 , )mm
Esther in an ominous frown, and his eyes fairly J aaal
blazed with u tire that boded no good to thV ' , '(HaH
hero of the barroom tight. ... 1 ( tlaH
" 'Havo you it gun with, you' continued the) ., ' ?
man from Texas. ' . rtf-fl
" 'No,' came from the blanched ll"! of ths' I IfH
saloon keeper, now thoroughly frightened out ' . irtH
of his usual assurance, , -fH
" 'Then send nut and get one po, you can't f u3
go yourself said the Texan, stepping quickly JiH
in front or Red Mike, who had made a motion 1 ' iv '!
to Mart in tho direction of his saloon. "There'll! U Uafl
bo no shotgun business about this affair,' ' KMU
"A messenger was despatched 'for ft pistol,' ' l?.Saa!
arhlch was taken from his hand by the man , jfl
from Texas upon hi return before it conld p 1 ASM
handed to the saloonkeeper. i'mt
" '.Miw. step back, every one. said tho tSfl
stranger In a menacing voloe. 'This affair if fitm
between this man and myself nnd It won't 1 v 'lata
well ror any one to Inlerfro.' Drawigg hi . jt -fM
owu gun from hi hip pocket nnd appr"acblnac , .''
Bed Mike with tho other pistol extended la, H
his haud he said: -, I'M
' "Here's your gun. When It Is In your KaWJ' J A 111
step backward and I will do tho same. You' 4 t
sun hoot whenever you please,' ' Wm
"A he uttered the last word the avenger of ' , '
ths murdered boy Jumped back. StmulWie- XM
ously Red Mike raised his arm toihootvbuths , (
was too late, 80 auloklr was H done that tho , ' WM
movement was imperceptible to the excited Wm
onlookers; the man from Texa had fired. Ths I '
slayer of the young railroad hand drobped to FfM
the ground, a bullet through his heart, Tv , I .'Ami
Turning around and facing the crowd which (
had oolleoted a short distance away, tho Texan, dV
M though to challenge further encdunter.gar.oU 1 J. fl
steadily at them forlhe staco of half a mlnuto, ' Jt
then coolly walklugover to his pony, which!. -
was tied to a tree Tn the vicinity, he vaulted oa ;1
tne animal's tack, and, galloping away at', ;
Jeliurely ioe. soon vanished in the distance, I
Ho waa not followed niul tho cllizea of Moiairf I H
now tavy him aa-.m." . 1' (
sanas' , '"'iiiii.mi'"''"- " t Sl .? jjassal
