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TIHTT T L J m m Ti f m jri I
PEARL HARBOR
AND THE FLEET
I
1 Lesson Taught by the Visit
y ofOur Sixteen
Battleships
HAWAIIAN HARBOR NEEDED
4 J
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Work at Last Begun and Naval
Experts Are Laying
the Plans
tL
iflomaor the MrnoTVar Could Not Even
Coal Off Ilonolnla Rear Admiral
Bohrotcler Head of the Hoard TChtel
y Win Authorize the Improvements
I
Trip by Launch to the LandlookM
t n D y Which Could Shelter In Sttfet
Thousands of ShlpaA KoBRetlon Tim
a ila alls Own noenncs lie Spent on It
o BOARD U S S LOUISIANA U S
c t BATTLE FLEPT Honolulu H I July 22
Tho Atlantic fleet A8 the world girdling
collection of sixteen American battleship
Is mown ofllolnlly although designated iv
the battle fleet by President Hoosovelt In
l his annual message to Congress last Do
E comber came face to face here with one of
the hard facts of national urgent noocl
thatls the immediate Improvement of Pear
harbor
t The fleet anchored for the most part In
tro open roadstead off Honolulu harbor
There was not room for all tho iihlps inside
t Only eight miles away Is ono of the finest
natural harbors In the world a place ol
4 shelter just now more Important to the
United States from a military and com
mercial than any harbor It poe
I erases Not ono of thee slxteoi battle
ships oould enter It They could not eVEn
r coal off Honolulu with comfort Four
ships had to seek the sheltering Ice of the
Island of Maul seventy miles away to take
fuel The others found room ono by one In
y Honolulus small harbor
If there Is one fact that has been drilled
4 into the minds of tho American people In
t recent years it Is that tho Pacific Ocean
Ia the legitimate sphere of action for the
energy of the United Statea from a diplo
matic military and commercial point of view
In a loose way of speaking those experl
t enoedm statecraft have spoken of tm
t matter of national notion as meaning the
i control of the Pacific
No such policy directly or Indirectly hat
over been formulated or enunciated by the
f
American Government What has been
made plain la that the American people hav
begun to realize that peace upon the sea
z especially the Paclflo with a door open to
all Is an essential factor in our national
development i
No one expects or even desires the United
States to secure absolute control of the
i Pacific All Americana do wish to see It
i Americanized That is they want this
country make sure that no other nation
shall control it and that In the friendly rivalry
i tobe developed on the Pacific every nation
shall have an equal chance To bring this
about there must bo peace to make sure
of peace the improvement and Immediate
use of Pearl Harbor is as necessary to the
Americanism of the Paclflo as an adequate
supply of water and food Is to an army on
the march
CUT FOR OPENING TilE IUBBOR
In its primary purpose the problem ol
developing Pearl Harbor is essentially mili
f I tary The presence of this great fleet of
battleships lying off Its deep recesses was
mute testimony to this fact There was the
great harbor with Its entrance only partly
opened with a site already purchased for
a great naval station arid there was the
great fleet outside with an Immediate need
of tho place for coaling to say nothing ol
ultimate use That fleet was literally knock
Ing at the door of the harbor and If the
ships could have given tongue to their
< Insensate Impulses a mighty roar would
have been heard from here clear across
IT g the United Statea whlJt being interpreted
tt would have said
Open Pearl Harbor nt once to the navy
rC of the United States
l That cry would have meant solely that
the navy must have a complete naval station
in Pearl Harbor if the country expects tho
navy to defend it adequately from attack
A in the Pacific It would have meant that
4 national protection demands this naval
Station It would have meant no more
for the navy as an entity concerns Itself
strictly with its own affairs and to a man
those who are on Its official register know
that without Pearl Harbor It can not do the
ui
work of national protection in the Pacific
that the country wants It to do
CArT HAHAN ON HAWAIIS POSITION
Listen to what tho foremost reooRnhel
authority on naval strategy and develop
ment as applied to International affairs
ri Capt A T Mahan had to nay on this sub
Vl ject in usa
4 Toany one viewing a map that show the
1 full extent of the Paclflo two clrcnmetances
I t I will be strikingly and Immediately apparent
4 He will see at a glance that the Sandwich
Islands stand by themselves In a stele of
irr comparative isolation amid a vast expanse
of sea and again that they form the centre
i of a large circle whose radius approximately
t the distance from Honolulu to San Fran
it cisco This U substantially the same dla
tance as from Honolulu to the Gilbert Mar
ehall Samoan and Society Islands all under
European control except Samoa In which
we have a part Influence
To have a central position such as thin
I and to be alone having no rival and admitting
no rival are conditions that at once fix the
attention of the strategist Uut to this strik
L ing oomblnatloa to be added the remarkable
ble relations borne to the groat commercial
route traversing this vast expanse
1 Too much stress cannot be laid upon the
1 Immense disadvantage to us of any mari
7 time enemy having a coaling station well
within iioo miles as this Is of every point
of our cent line from Pusef Sound to Mexico
I Were there many others available we might
F find 1t difficult to exclude from all There II
t a however but the ono Shut out from the
BindwlchIslands as a coal base an enemy
I II thrown baok for supplies of fuel to dU
I tanoes ol 8600 or 4000 miles or between
7000 and Booo going and coming an Impedl
mtnt to sustained maritime operations well
nigh prohibitive u ja rarely that eo Im
portant a factor In the attack or defence of a
coat line of a sea frontierfa concentrated
n a sinai position
I J Four years ago Bereno E Blshopwlio
ftpsde an exhaustive study of the need of
4 toeveloplne Pearl Harbor wrote this
d It On what ground It will bo coked Is It a I
it
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serted tht Hawaii with Its treat borta
constitute the ose birategio point of giving I
maritime control of the North Paclflo and I
makes secure the defence of the Pacific Coast
One reason U this Hawaii solitary and alone
occupies the one mldorean position off the I
American coast from which our Western
ports lun possibly be attached by a foreign
encrai For the necessities of calling and
supply such a position must be within a few
days stemming of the point of attack It Is I
obvious that Ban Francisco could not be
attacked directly from the remote AsMl I
ports because the wurihlps would exhaust
their ronl before reaching our coaeU But
Hawaii If held by tho enimrivoultl be a con
venient point from which to attack being
within six clays easy Mcamlna
There Is no other Immediate supply port
on cither side The nearest A letlo port Ia
distant fifteen clays teaming from our
IMcIflc Count Hawaii ntnohitely controls the
xltuatlon on the West Held by an enemy It
fatally Imperils America Held by the United
States it Is of more value than A irholo nuy
of battleship and crulsore Pearl Harbor
once vrolliirnlsheil with navAl facilities and
made Impregnable renders Its owner
complete mistress of the North Paclflcnfralnn
enemies
Read also what UeutebantCommandoi
Edward L Beach of tho navy has just
published on this subject in a paper printed
In the United Slattt Naval Institute
In the possession of HawaII our naval
strength In the Pacific Is Immeasurably In
creased If Hawaii be secure from the enemy
But It the enemy tako It and keep It our naval
strength U weakened In the same ratio Hold
Ing Hawaii our Pacific count Is absolute
safe from attack And yet Hawaii remain
Inadequately fortified Should war be waged
In the Pacific In the absence of curliest our
bland poiiefMons must succumb and our
fleet niiit lit irt from ports of our Paclflo home
base laden ullh More and coal The effect of
tills may bo to make our battleships armored
eminent for It Is troll known that the tops ot
tho armor belt of our battleships are already
close to the water Ilfiep and It the ships be
overladen they will ba beneath It And In
each of the days of the first forliilahtn vox
nee under these damaging condll lops of over
load the fleet will bo exposed tn ballleshti
attack from nn enemy whlrhhnB acquire
by preliminary conquest of the American ter
rltory of Hawaii a base from which to deliver
blows vlthln a five day radlim and with Its
own choice of position
Read finally what thf > Committee on
Naval AffaIrs of the Uous of Rcpresenta
lives said In a report to the House in April
last when it favored an appropriation for
starting u naval station a matter to which
Congress acceded
In the judgment of your committee the
new ilelopmcnl8 on the Poclflc end among
the nations that bonier on its shores make
It Imperative that a strong operating base
he established for our navy at Pearl Harbor
without further delay A naval bue at
Pearl Harbor I not designed primarily for
the protection of Hawaii Its main purposi
Is to form a buffer of defence for our entire
PacIfic ron t and to make possible our naval
supremacy upon the Pacific An enemy In
the posflpHlon of Hawaii could harass and
threaten our entire Wfitem rout On the
other hand with our otf fleet operating from
I a well equipped base at Pearl Harbor no
fleet from the Orient would find it practicable
I to threaten our coast because of the strong
hold left In their rear and of the prohibitIve
distance from their coaling base The equip
ment of Pffirl Harbor IK therefore a matter
of prudence and not of extravagance II
will constitute one of the strongest factor I
In the prevention of war with any Power
In the Far Fast
OUR rnrarr monT TO PEARL lunDon
It would be superfluous to add anything
to emphasize the vntent need of developing
Pearl Harbor but It is of Interest to note
that the United States has had the right
to Improve It for more than twentytwo
years and not until tho present year when
It became known that the Atlantic fleet
would cal nt Honolulu was anything
done to advance the matter In 184 In
the first administration of President Cleve
land a treaty was ratified between Hawaii
and the United States which said
His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian
Inlands grants to the Government of the
United State die exclusive rleht to enter
the harbor of Pearl Hirer In the Inland of
Oahu and to establish there a coaling and l
repair station for rtn use gf vessels of the
United States apd to that and the United
States may Improve the entrance to said har
bor and do all other thing needful to the
purpose aforesaid
Thus was the right given to this country
In the days of the Hawaiian monarchy to
make Pearl Harbor the outpost of our
defences What was done Congress in
1900 fourteen years later appropriated
15000X1 to purchase a site on the shores
of the harbor for a naval station In
July 1002 the purchase of 725 acres of
land mainly on tho south shore of East
Loch of the harbor was made at a cost
of 130000 An appropriation had also
been mado In a river and harbor bill for
excavating the sandbar at the entrance I
tQ the channel and at a cost of about 100000 i
II channel 2M feet wide 80 feet deep and
1600 feet long has been dredged It will
be seen that vessels having a draught of I
twentyfive feet or less may now enter
the harbor although there remains nooes
airy the removal of several minor ob =
structions which make such an attempted
entrance Inadvisable except under the most
favorable conditions
APPROPRUTJON SUDS FOB A START
That is all that has been done for the
development of the harbor since the United
States obtained the exclusive control over
It Now Congress has actually ordered the
improvement of this harbor and baa set
aside 1000000 to begin it And what Is
of even more significance Is the fact that
I the arrival of this Atlantic fleet marks the
I actual beginning of the work for on this
fleet Is a board of officers whoso duty it Is
to lay down a general plan of Improve
ment That board Is headed by Rear
Admiral Koaton Schroedor commander of
the second division of the fleet and ac
companying the board U Rear Admiral W
Ii Cappq who came hero with the fleet as
a pasaonger
Hence the arrival of the fleet had not
only peculiar significance In that It colled
national attention to the need of developing
Pearl Harbor but It furnished a cause for
rejoicing because this arrival was Instru
mental In thq actual beginning of the work
It Is not permissible to correspondents with
the fleet to mAke known any conclusions
that the Schroeder board may roach because
of the ruling laid down by Hear Admiral
Sporry tho commander In chief that node
tailed information which Is properly a sub
ject of special report superior authority
and which should be mado publlo if at all
by the superior authority Is to be furnished
to correspondents or othor civilian pas
sengers nor shall correspondents be per
mitted to transmit any such Information
Hence whatever Improvements the SChroe
der board may suggest will roW the publlo
through the Secretary of the Navy In a
general way It may be lAid that the board
for anybody could guess as much prob
ably drew up acme plan Involving a general
scope of Improvements especially In tho
way of buildings and their ltoa and also
recommended how the appropriations made
this year Mould be spent This Is what
Congress ordered the Secretary of the
Navy to do In the navy appropriation bill
just passed
Tht Secretary of the Xavy U hereby au
thorised and directed to establish a naval
station at Pearl Harbor Hawaii on the sit
heretofore acquired for thai purpose and
to erect thereat all necessary machlns shops I
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eterehouwtr coal abede lad Other neoeaaarr
bolldlngs and to build thereat one graving
drjrdook capable of receiving the largest
war vea el of the DAVY at a cost not to exceed
2000000 for said drydock The time here
inafter stated are hereby appropriated nod
made Immediately available the discretion
of the Secretary of the Navy to wit Toward
dredging an entrance channel of a depth of I
thirtyfive teetOOOOO toward construc
tion of drydock 300000 toward erection I
of machine shops lto cost 300COO > 100000 i
toward erection of storehouses ito coat
8000001 100000 toward yard development
lioooooln tioooooo
The law then tella how tho work shall
be contracted for and superintended
I After that any ono can guess what occupied
the time of tho Schroeder board whlld here
The details will bo given out later un
doubtedly by tim Navy Department
DESCRIPTION or TUB HAnnon
But exactlY where is Pearl Harbor and
what is it like at present the reader may
Vurther oaMtf thSastLooh leFoni JaaBd f
the southern shores which amounting to
twentyflro acres hare been purchased
Here U land sufficient for the establish <
ment of a groat naval base The approach
to it Ianarrow Fortifications the har
bor of Honolulu can even protect it Tho
channel Itself also Is capable of being for
tified and Indeed such fortifications are
already under way There are no swamp
lands about It ls within easy reach of
Honolulu
HOW PEARL lUBBOn LOOM TODAY
One of the best ways to see Pearl Harbor
today la to go there by launch from Hono
lulu You get tossed about a good deal
by the long swells of the Pacific In the eight
mile run and you are glad to see the two
buoys about two miles out that mark the
entrance to the place Aa you pass be
tween them you see the long nella breaking
in foaming create almost within 100 yards
> > r
tbt troa tott AaVaum
sof coral rook underlies the thla eoll and
below that may be aeeo tho subsollhat la
of easy excavation Fish are leaping from
the water and here and thero tho oampans
of the J Japanese tell the story of labor im
ported fnto these Islands An occasional
lodge of some man who loves seclusion
and the peaceful surroundings of a beauti
ful bay peeps out from tho shrubbery
and now and then you hear the laughter
of children The eohoee resound with all
the intensity of deep solitude
It is difficult to Imagine that this plaoo
is soon to become a great centre of com
merce and military proporatidn The
I great extent of the place amazes you and
you wonder why It was that Honolulu was
not built hero The answer is forthcoming
when it is known that the sand bar to the
harbor was a few feet nearer the surface
than that of Honolulu Harbor In the old
I days and also that Honolulu In the Nuuanu
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THE CROSSROAD OF THE PACIFIC
ask Well It is the only land locked harbor
In the Hawaiian Islands and aa has been
said it lies less than ten miles west of Hono
lulu and the entrance to it is from tho same
general body of water through which a
ahlp enters Honolulu Harbor Pea ri Harbor
resembles In rough outline a three leaf
clover The stem Is nearly three miles
long and from fanehalf to threequarters
of a mile wide At the upper end the stem
branches into two forks one of which runs
into what is called West Loch and the other
into Middle Loch and East Loch Tho water
in this stem and ita branches has an average
depth of from eight to twenty fathoms A
large part of the lochs Is covered by water
six to eight fathoms deep and character
of the bottom of the lochs Is such that it
oould be dredged easily to any required
depth There are more than ten miles of
deep water In the stem and branches rivers
they are called Onc in them a hundred
battleships could float safely It Is esti
mated that there are more jhan 2400 acres
of the buoys The coral roof la there and
you are glad that your little craft headed
for the opening You are surprised to see
how narrow it to only 250 feet wide After
you have gone a quarter of a mile inside
your pilot tells you that you are right over
the bar and that the water is thirty feet
deep The entrance is aa straight as a
taut rope and you wonder why the ships
are not already entering the place He
tells you the reason quickly
Youll see why whtfh we come to make
the sharp turns shortly
Soon you make a gentle curve to the west
You are told that in the narrow channel
there is a depth of 63 feet of water Then
comes a owing to the east just as you enter
the space between thelow shores of the
harbor and you are surprised to know that
there is 120 feet of water under you The
shores come together within half a mile
and you twist and turn sharply and then
you begin to realize how Impossible It is for
big ships to use the entrance
River had a supply of fresh water which
Pearl Harbor had not The whalers made
Honolulu largely They could get fresh
water there hence that became the sea
port of Oahu
HAWAII OKTTXNa ROilS OP HKH UONKT BACK
One comes away from Pearl Harbor
wondering why the Government could
have delayed Its development so long
Thla is all the more surprising when one
considers what Hawaii has done for the
rest of the United States since annexation
Only last yearthe customs receipts in
Honolulu amounted to more than 1600000
Every cent of that waa sent to the national
treasury In Washington In the old days
Hawaii would have had that money to spend
for herself She baa already given the
United States more than 10000000 In cold
cash as the price of annexation She will
continue to give it millions more as the
years go by She has got almost none of
her money back
It would seem to be no more than or
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COAST OF OAHU SHOWING PEARL HARBOR AND HONOLULU HARBOR
of deep river channel Jn the harbor and
about 8500 acres of shallow and compara
Ivoly deep water In the lochs The fall of
the tide is only abou three feet There
are no typhoons or hurricane in Hawaii
Across the entrance to the main stem of
the harbor U a sand bar through which a
channel 250 foot wide and 80 feet deep and
1500 feet long has been dug It needs to
> o deepened aye feet more and to be made
wider The 1100000 just appropriated for
that purpose will probably open up the
harbor within a year or eighteen months
Entrance then will bo ready for the ships
of the navy They wont have togotca
neighboring island tp coal when they ar
rlvo here In large numbers Along tho
upper end of the main stem the Govern
ment baa purchased a tract of fortynine
acres known aa the Dowsett leasehold
Adjoining that and continuing along the
south side of the East Loch It has pur
chased a tract of BOO acres now under
lease to the Honolulu Plantation Com
tny Opposite the far eastern end of this
tract is an island of flfty one acres sepa
rated by a channel about 250 yard wide
which has also boon purchawd outright
t
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4
You run on far a mils or so and then you
come to a fork In the road as it wore Down
from the mainland there comes a large pen
insula It Is like Manhattan Island jutting
down Into the lower bby Off to the west
the socalled river runs up into what is
called the West Loch You take the right
river It is like going up the East lUver In
New York It turns about just as the
East River turns above the New York
Navy Yard and then there comes Fords
Island which corresponds to BlaokweUs
Island and then there are two bays which
at the outset resemble the opening to Long
Inland Sound You dont go far on either
side tof Ford Island before you find your
self in two groat lakes Middle and East
locha On the west side tho West loch
is of the same general dimensions a the
other lochs
You look up the map and you are surprised
prised to find water as deep as forty feet
over onehalf of these lochs The prospect
is particularly pleating Back are the
great mountains of tho island and nearer
by are the eloping shores under sugar cane
cultivation A thick growth of shrubbery
fringe the ehorea which are raised above
dlnary justice that at least a good share
of the money levied by the Government In
Hawaii should be expended there especially
as It means national safety for the entire
mainland A meagre million of the enor
mous awn Hawaii b sent t the Govern
ment Is now being used for the develop
ment of pie great national harbor here
There are those who say that the least
the Government should do Is to set aside
say twothirds of the revenues ot the
Territory and spend the sum here In a
te yean Pearl Harbor will baA splendid
naval station if this plan should be fol
lowed The Territory could use the money
from Its own revenues In broadening educa
tion and advancing the betterment of agriculture
culture and good roads Why shouldnt
Hawaii have the right to spend a good
share of the money she raises for the United
Staten of America Let tho start be mode
with Pearl Harbor
ITKAKS ORBIT HELP T COUUKKCB
But Pearl Harbors improvement Is also
extremely Important for eOrnmerdal reasons
emera1 r
eurielYlmprnt
sons The openjng of the Panama Canal
has a most important bearing on this t
tar When the canal Ulnoperation large
I
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the tot ports o Buropb b 3DS5i0
Ant p9Jp to almost
will peflfl through it I at
exactlrmldway IfltJw paa gO from AiS
CucUymd ht
t the cabal I will amatter of about
eight or nine das steaming from Asia
or the canal for the Average frclghUa
vessel to reach It Such yeawls will call
rc 1t
A conservative
forsupplies at Honolulu AonUvo
estimate Is that within ton yeara such hj
will number from ICO t 200 a month Ty
Will want ooaJt they will want food There
ol
is no room for fifteen or moro of uoh ship
In Honolulu harbor and there will be none
Why it laon record that in the early t0s
the whalers s crowded Honolulu harbor
t whrs
that ono could step from declc t deck and
walk all over tho entire harbor
Congress baa authorized the Cxnwtur
of about 1800000 In Improving Honolulu
harbor sothat it will have a general wIdth
of 1200 feet a length of 3000 feet and a
depth of 8 feet but dock room Is limited
and no one believes that the commerc
of International freight route between
a great InterUonnl fright rout b
gt
tween Asia and Europe and America can b
I accommodated there I will have to go
I t Pearl Harbor There Is ample rom In
the unreserved parts of that harbor to float
the comer of a Hongkong
There will be erected the coal sheds an
other largo supply depots and there alao
otherJro
will arise a new city a rival or prhp
it would be better to say an extension at
Honolulu This extension has alroad
started Pearl City The deep sea bn
I of Hawaii will largely b done there Of
course some ships will call at Bib on the
island of Hawaii where the Government
la about to erect a large breakwater one of
t moot Important places for the shipment
of sugar but in the main transpacific
commerce must call at Pearl Harbor
Deeply important therefore Is this na
tional project of improving this fine shoe
o water I means mdnoy to commerce
and trade as well as protection for com
roeroe and the nation At large Ono on
thuslastlo writer has refer to Hawaii as a
coming centre for the throbbing shuttles
traffic Another
of I gtgantlo ocean
speaks o the Territory o Hawaii as the
headlight of Americanism on the Pacific
However it is viewed there can bo no re
gret over the development of tho one pie
o water in its borders that means so much
to the United States
TWO anHAT BLUNDERS
Two most serious blunders ono might
call them colossal have boon made in our
maritime policy in the last century One was
when wo let the Marquesas Islands go
and the other was when we allowed Mag
dalena Bay to pass out o our possession
David Porter annexed the Marquesas
Islands in 1818 They command the en
trance to the Panama Canal and have the
se strategic situation toward it that
Hawaii b for the western coast of the
United States They would b Invaluable
today aa n outpost for the protection o
tha canal on the Pacific side and as a pta
o call for supplies and trading on the way
from New Zealand Australia and the South
S Iaandby ships bound through the
canal We let themgo for lack o interest
in tem and curiously enough James
Monroe Secretary of State at the time
I was largely responsible
We got possession of Lower California
at tie pon MexleanWar and we
let I go when a peace treaty was made
Aa this correspondence on the cruise around
South America baa pointed out repeatedly
the possession of Magdalena Bay for target
practice and a naval station on the southern
end of California and on the way t Panama
would be priceless
UOHROB DOCmiNB or TUB PACIFIC
No such mistake was made with Hawaii
but at times it seemed as I Indifference
would cause u the hoes of this sentlno
outpost As the report of the House Naval
Committee says For sixtyfive years the
United States Government baa official
recognized strategic importance the
Hawaiian Islands and the necessity ol
preventing their occupation by any other
nation I was in 1843 that President
Tyler served notice on European nation
that this country would never consent to
their using these islands for a military base
I I860 Secretary of State Clayton notified
France that we could never with Indif
ference allow them the Hawaiian Islands
to pass under the dominion or exclusive
control of any other Power Secretary
of State Daniel Webster reiterated the same
Monroe Doctrine of the Pacific in 1851
William L Marcy James G Blaine other
great Secretaries of State reiterated it
as did William McKinley when ho pleaded
for the annexation of the Islands
Moat Americans are familiar with the
events which finally brought about an
nexation of these Islands In 1893 T
Spanish war was the Immediate cause
Dewoys victory made their possession
necessary It is not known generally
perhaps that prior to that hi IBM 1868 and
1873 the monarch of the islands sought
annexation and we refused it Four ties
we refused a reciprocity treaty and not
until 1870 was one adopted which brought
forth wonderful results Three times
In 1874 1889 and 1893 were United States
menofwar called on to land and did land
forces to maintain order there Twice
since tho islands have been civilized
sinc lla ben clvll was
possession taken of them on behalf of Great
Britain In 1831 and 1845 Strange to say
each time England refused accept them
The overthrow of royalty in 1843 was the
beginning of the final step Of the many
anxious momenta that the revolutionists
passed through owing to the sudden reversal
tarsal of policy o President Harrison by
President Cleveland the country Is well
informed Few persons now regret that
by exactly a twothirds vote O to 21 on
July 0 1883 the islands were finally o
aexod to the United States exactly seventy
two yean from the time the King executed
aU first treaty with foreign Power
h 1 trtT wit any foreig Por
a treaty which Capt Timothy 0 Jones
a merchant seaman made fo the United
States but which wu not ratified a polloy
that was followed for many many years
by our Government I took the r hand
of war to make these lands part of our on
t Bad it oo been for that the Islands
ultimately might have shared the fAte of
Lower California and the Marquesas Islands
Co far as becoming part of our domain was
9onoemed
ccre
f WORK V > P KAMBHAUBIIA TaX CRKAT
There stands in Honolulu a massive statue
to the one great figure of Hawaiian history
I Isthat of Kamehameha the Great He
It was who made a kingdom of Hawaii and
develop land so that he and his polo
Mtseed from a state of barbarism and half
savagery into a close approach to what we
tow call civilization The figure U hereto
and the massive headdress upon It closely
resembles the symbols worn o their heads
by tho Greeks at tho time of the Trojan
war I seems to have been prophetic
It is a far cry from the condition in which
Kaee moulded the people of these
stands into one nation dramatically driv
ing thousands thousands of his
lg tod upon o oppo
net on this island of Oahu to their del
In 1700 over the Poll precipice a sheer fall
of 800 feet to the modern civilization and
ho full rights o American citizenship
which theipeople now enjoy
The great chieftain died In iBiD at the age
0f 8Ho had prepared the way for Amer
I
I kisg tes P141c v S
WIBaMVBIfp 1i W MM I f9 r KPJI11 jCU thi
traders and whalers and r onae
atoott ahriultaheotuly Frc i that ti
progress was ULA record of I fe >
events tella the story The first Enii
west of the Kooky E
newspaper wet o Ro Mu t
appeared in Honolulu in 18 Knnj
in granted a bin of rights I6e
called tho Hawaiian Uagna Cbarta
In
oled wt l C I igg
IB
no lees than 15000 natives were onY
t Christianity on one Sunday I July JQO C
seventy years ago In 1813 the King cotueg
to be placed upon the seal and ooi of th
reajra this sentiment U
Tho life of the land Is
rlghteouness Id pat b
Jt U the motto of Hawaii today
INDDBTIUB8 OF TUB TBBBrTORT
Hawaii set food supplies t Caltfoj
In the dy 40 I established Clor
service in 1850 and I banking eyitenTla F
1658 I tho later days of Kamehaineln
the Greats rule the kingdom did a ne
trade in sandalwood Now only Ilgt
trees of thai specie can b found In tht
kingdom The people denuded the Imd
of those trees and when the product I
gone poverty ensued an early and bitter
lesson In forestry Later came the days of
sugar planting the chief industry toy
of the islands amounting to nearly 37r xx
000 in 1907 Cf raising and rice planting
I became anothe great source of plt
Today the people ore going extensively lt
I fruit growing and one of tho sights of tha
I islands is the presence of enormous groves
of pineapples said to bo aa fine In flavor
as any grown elsewhere I
There is sid to be a fine field for American
farmers here The place Is ideal a to
ollrdato The temperature almost never
goes above 8 or below 63 degrees an
it is said that one may sleep out of doon
without blanket ten months in the
a
withot b1cet t mont year
SurptAsingly beautiful are all the eight
largo Islands of the group The popula
tion of all the Islands Is about pp
those the Caucasians number only about
12000 The Portuguese number nearly
10000 the Japanese number more t
75000 the Chlncflp about 28000 Th
Hawallans pure and mixed number about
40000 The rest is a mixture of South B
Islanders and The
Ilauder andne population
of Honolulu nub about 45000 of whom
only a little more than 3000 are strictly
Americans
Nevertheless the Islands are completely
Americanized This is due chiefly t th
lon continued American Influence here
In the early lOs the laws of ilaasachuaetta
were selected aa a model for Hawaiian
law An American school system w
established shortly afterward a It I
curious t note that almost Immediately
a largo part of tho sales of public lands
was set apart for the support of the school
system a plan adopted afterward in most
of tho American Commonwealths Cosmopolitan
mopolitan aa Hawaii hklt Isno more so than
parts of New York city and no part o
the East Side of the great metropolis I
more American than this Amerioan ac
quisition w
No one can doubt that there is a tremendous
Indo cojnmeroial future for Hawaii
Politically the land is to hold the high
honor ofbeing the leading outpost of
American national safety In the Paclflo
The keystone of that position of safety
is Pearl Harbor An Impressive sight It
was to see this fleet of sixteen battleships
lying off that harbor and unable to enter
It A still more Impressive eight win
be in a very few years the presence of
perhaps dozens of warships flying ha
American flag inside that harbor Even
more impressive will be the sight of scores
of merchantmen Inside the same place egg
gaged in trade and come many o
gg lot u hope flying the American
flag and all this made possible by befull
awakening oft people and th OT
ment to the necessity establishing a naval
base In that refuge
Heres to Pearl Harbor the coming
foremost outpost In the Pacific of American
peace and good will to all other nations
TiE MIDDLR APED MIX
Day of the Colored Bordered Handkerchiefs
and Red Neckties Recalled
Youknow therewas a time said the
middle aged m when it was the fashion
for men to carry handkerchiefs with fancy
borders Then it was also the fashion for
men to tarry their handkerchiefs tucked
in the outside upper pocket of their coot
with corner sticking ot
Well the othor day I came across in
my possessions a handkerchief with on
of those fancy borders and do you know
that the sight of it pleased me greatly
Perhaps It was because It carried mo back
t days when I was younger though I
dont think it was that so much as because
I have a ling for color
Somo of the colored handkerchiefs i
were gaudy and foolish with borders
stamped In various hues and in grotesque
patterns or vaus but then we had hand
kerchiefs that had a narrow hemstitched
border of a single solid color as blue or
rod and I ago to say I liked those and
for that matter I have bad handkerchiefs
with downright fancy borders that I liked
and finding that old handkerchief the other
day which was one of that sort and rather
f was nothing less than a pleasure to
meI suppose that really tho only correct
thing for a handkerchief is on wht
but like so many other things in life they
are monotonous True as we grow older
w form fixed monotonous habits from I
which we hate to depart We come tot a
time when bte dont like to be disturbed
in our routine of life We are best satisfied
o o
keeping along In our settled way But
still we may have fancies and I may be
one of our comforting habit Indeed to
cherish comorng
And I always liked the handkerchiefs
le t hdel
with the colored borer I like the color
Staid as I am there was a time when I wore
Std I
a
always red neckties Yea air red necktie
though now realize that I waa a creature
of habit even then for I wore always nook
ties of the same sort without regard to what
tes rg
the style might be
l It was a pleasure and comfort t me
to wear them I worked hard and never
lost sight of the job but I permitted myself
t prtt
this freedom and luxury of wearing red J
t8 from that I let myself have r
help own to way me and I think that was an actual
hlp donJt know but what I should w
r necktIes now If I didnt think theyd
look sort of queer on a man of my years
We a so mindful of what other people
o
would think But still I llko red necktie
and I guess that when I get rich n
san without setting the world adefiance
c wtout ettgt
indulge my harmless fancies more fr
1 shall again wear them though b that
time for justnov tho riches dont seem
to be coming very fast I mar have b
10 extremely sedate that red necktie will
1 ete ttr w
ne
have come to seem to roea superfluity
Trot Taste and Tt e1 C
Fro tin fioulA CAfaa tlomtng Foal i
The meaning of words and dUjroJes u U i
the exact words used by wItnesses caused
some amusing arguments at trays
sittings of the Supreme Court Sir Heorr
Berkeley was telling the Jury that a witness 1
said he went to a certain shop frequently
Mr Blade objected that that statement a
lot Correct The word used was occa
I
ilonallr S
Sir Henry turned up his notes and found
JIB words were a good many ttlllOfi
rood many times means frequently
argued Sir Henry I venture to say Websttr
8IrJenrI
Mill prove that F
A little later Sir Henry said the witness i i
was seen tasting the sugar at the Cheun
Loong shoo
Lci y
LQnll said testing Interrupted the Chief o if
Sir HenrrYou test brtastlnc my lord I
know a lot about iucu to my COM tmlleal
c