Newspaper Page Text
BENJAMIN s. Jones, EDITOR.
"NO UNION Wtm SLA TBHOLDBRSy
ann pb arson, pcBLisniftt Adttil
VOL. 1C. NO. 33.
SALEM, COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO, SATU11DAY, MAY 1, 1861.
WHOLE ltO 8"li
, THE 1RT1-SLAVEBT BUGLE,
rOSLlintD (VERT SATCRDAT AT IALIN, OBIo;
By tbsExeoutive Committer, of the Western Anti
Slavery Society.
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THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH.
Tb following orrespnndence botween tbe Sec
retary of State and the Southern Commissioners
presents, in an official aspect, the condition assum
ed by the two parties. Tbe first loiter from the
Commissioners is omitted, as the substance of it
is recapitulated in the reply of Mr. Seward. "
THE REPLY OF MR. SEWARD.
[Memorandum.] DEPARTMENT OF STATE.
WASHINGTON, March 15, 1861.
Mr. John Forejlh.'of tho State of Alalia, nn,
nd Mr. Martin J. Crawford, of the Stale of Gear,
(is, on thellth instant, through the kind office
of a distinguished Senator, submitted to the Secre-
tr of State thoir desire for an unofficial inter-
iew. Thia request was, on tho 12-b instant, up
OO exclusively public consideration', respectfully
declined.
' On tbe 13. h instant, while tho Secretary was
preoccupied, Mr. A. P. Bank, of Virginia, call
ad at this department, and was received by the As
sistant Secretary, to whom ha delivered a aenled
communication, which ha had been charged by
Meiers. Forsyth and Crawford to present to the
Seoretary in person.
In that communication Messrs. Forsyth and
Crawford inform the Secretary of Stato that they
have been duly accredited by the Government o(
the Confederate States of America ns Commission
ers to the Government of the United States, and
tbey set forth the objects of their attendance, nt
Waebiugton, They observe that seven States ol
tbe American Union, iu t'le exercise of a right iu
berent in every free . peor le, have withdrawn,
through conventiona of their people, from tho Uni
ted States, re-assumed the attributes of sovereign
power, and formod a Government of their owu,
nd that those Confederate States no-v constitute
an indbpendent nation de fado and de jure, and
possess a Government perfect in all its parts, and
fully endowed with all the means of solf-aupport.
- Messrs. Forsyth and Crawford, in their afore
said communicetion, thereupon proceed to inform
tbe Seoretary that, with a view to a speedy adjust
ment of all questions growing out of the political
separation thus assumed, upon such terms of ami
ty and good will as the respective interests, geo
graphical contiguity, and the future welfare of the
apposed two nations might render necessary, they
are instructed to make to tbe Government of the
United States overtures for the opening of negoti
ations, assuring this Government that the Presi
dent, Congress, and people of the Confederate
States earnestly desiro a peaceful solution of these
great questions, and that it is neither their inter
est nor their wish, to make any demand which is
not founded in strictest justice, nor to do any aot
to injure their late confederates.
' After making these statements Messrs. Forsyth
nd Crawford close their communication, as they
ay, in obedience to tho instructions of their Gov
ernment, by requesting tbe Secretary of State to
appoint as early day as possible in order that
they may present to the President of tbe United
Statss the credentials which they bear, and the
objects of the mission with which they are
charged. '
Tbe Seoietary of State frankly confesses that he
understands the events whioh havo recently occur
red, end the eondition of political affairs which ac
tually exists in the part of the Uuion to which his
Mention has thus been direo'.ed, very differently
from the aspeot in whfuh they are presented by
Messrs. Forsyth and Crawford. lis tees in them
not rightful and accomplished revolution and an
independent nation, with tin established Govern
ment, but rather a perversion of temporary end
partisan excitement to tbe inconsiderate purposes
of an unjustifiable and unconstitutional aggression
neon tbe rights and the authority vested in the
Federal Government, and hilherte benignly exer
cised, as from their very naturo they always must
be so exeroised, for the maintenance of tbe Union,
tbe preservation of liberty, and the security, peace,
welfare, happiness, end aggratidizomeut of tht
American people, ''
The Secretary of State.therefore, avows to Mes
srs. Forsyth and Crawford that be looks patiently
but confidently for the euro of evils whioh bave
resulted from proceedings so unnecessary, so tin
wise, eo unusual, and so unnatural, not to irrego
let negotiations, having io view new and untried
rslatiqos with agencies onknown to and toting io
srogatioo of the Constitution and laws, but to j
0.
to
of
at
it
regular and considerate action of the people of
tli one Stated, io co-operation with their brethren in
the other Statea, and auoh extraordinary Conven
lions, if there aball be need thereof, at the Federal
Constitution contemplate, and authorizes to be as
sembled. It !(, hoireter, the purpose of tbe Sec
retary of State on thia occasion not to invite or
engage in any discussion o( theso subjects, but
eimply to let forth hia reasons for declining to
comply with the rt quest of Mesne. Forsyth and
Crawford.
On the 4th of March inatant tho then nealy
elected Preaident of tbe United State,' io view of
all ill o facta bearing on tbe present question, as
eumed tbs Executive administration ol the Gov
ernment, first delivering, in accordance with an
early and honored ouetom.sn Inaugural address to
the people of the United Statoa. The Seoretary
of Stato respectfully aubmita a copy of thia ad-
aran to JUeisrs. torsytii and Urewlord. A ti tu
ple reference to it will be sufficient to satisfy those
gentlemen that tlio Secretary of State, guided by
tbe principles therein nunounoed, is prevented nl
together from admitting or assuming that the
States referred to by them bave, in law or in faet,
withdrawn from ilio Federal Union, or that they
oould do ao in the manner dceciibed by Messrs.
Forsyth and Crawford, or in any other man
12.00; Der -than with the consent and concert of the
people of the United States, to bo given through a
National Convention, to bo assembled in conformi
ty with ths ptovisiocs of the Constitution of tht
United States. Of course the Secretary of State
cannot act upon tuo assumption, or in any way
admit, that the so-oalled Confederate Stales consti
tute a foreign Power, with whom diplomatic rela
tions ought to be establUbod.
Under these circumstunoes the Secretary of
State, whose official duties are confined, subject
to tho direction of the President, to the conduct
ing of the foreign relations of ths country, and do
not at all embrace domestic questions or questions
arising between the several States and the Fet eral
Government, is unnblo to comply with the request
of Mossrs. Forejlh and Crawford, to appoint a
day on which tbey may present the evidences of
their authority and tho oljcct of their viiit to the
President of the United States. On the contrary,
he is obliged to state to Messrs. Forsyth and Craw
ford that he has no authority, nor is he at liberty
to recognise them as diplomatic agent, or hold
correspondence or other couimunieatiou "with
them. .-. - ' ;. . j
. Finally, the Secretary of State would observe
that, although lie has aupposed that be might safe
ly and with propriety have adopted these conclu
sions without making any reference of the sub
ject to the Executive, yet so strong has been bis
desire to practice entire directness and to act in a
spirit of perfect respect and candor towards Mes
srs. Forsyth and Crawford, and that portion of the
pi.Of.lo of the Union in whose name they present
themselves before him, that be has cheerfully sub
milled this paper to tho President, who coincides
generally iu the views it expresses, and sanctions
tho Secretary's decision declining official inter
course with Messrs. Fonytb and Crawford.
APRIL 8, 1861.
Tho foregoing memorandum waa filed in this
Department on the 15 sh of March last. A deliv
ery of the eanio, however, to Messrs Forsyth and
Crawford was delayed, as was understood, with
their consent. They have now, through their Sec
retary, communicated their desire for a definite
dispoeition of the subject. Tho Secretary of State
therefore direots that a duly verified copy of the
paper be now delivered.
A true copy of the original, dolivered to me by
Mr. F, V. Seward, Assistant Secretary of S'.ate
of tbe United States, on April 8th, 1801, at
1 T XT in 1.1 rtrtlr pt vntiin.
- " " ' I '
Attest : . J. T. Pickett,
Secretary to tho Commissioners.
THE COMMISSIONERS IN REPLY TO MR. SEWARD.
WASHINGTON, April 9, 1861.
Hon. Wx. II. Seward, Secretary of State of the
United States, Washington.
The "memorandum," dutsd Department of State,
Washington, March 15, 18G1, with postscript un
der date of 8 lii instant, baa been received through
the bands of Mr. J, T. Pickett, Secretary to this
commission who, by the instructions of the under
signed, t ailed for it on yesterday at the Depart
ment. Ia that memorandum you correctly state the
purport of the official note addressed to you by
the undersigned on tbe 12 h ultimo. Without re
peating tbe contents of that Dote in full, it is
enough to say that its object was to invite the Gov
ernment of tbe United States to a friendly t-onsid
eration of the relations between the United States
and tbe seven States lately of the Federal Union,
but now separated from it by the sovereign will of
their people, growing out of the pregnant and un
deniable faot that those people have rejected tbe
authority of the United States and established a
Government of their own. Those relations bad to
be friendly or hostile. Tbe people of tbe old and
new Governments, occupying contiguous territo
ries, had to stand to each other in tho relation of
good neighbors, each seeking their happiness and
pursuing their national destinies in their own way,
without interference with the other, or they bad
be rival and hostile nations. Tbe Government
tbe Confederate States bad no hesitation in
electing its choice in this alternative. Frankly
and unreservedly, seeking the good of the people
who had entrusted them with power, in tbe' spirit
humanity, of the Christian civilisation of tbe
age, and of that Americanism which regards the
true welfare and happiness of tbe people, tbe
Government of tbe Confederate States, among its
first aots, commissioned tbe undersigned to ap
proach the Government of the United States with
the olive branch of pesos, and to offer to adjust
the great queetions pending between them in tbe
only way to be justified by tbe eonsoienoes and
oommon sense of good men wbo bad nothing but
the welfare of the people of the two Confederacies
heart.
Your Government has not chosen to meet the
undersignod in the conciliatory and peaceful spir
in which tbey' are co Jimtstioned. Persistently
wedded to those fatal theories. f (ODttroetioa of
ry
on
In
the Federal Constitution always rejected by the
statesmen of tbe South, and adhered to by those
of the Administration school, until they have pro
duced their natural and ofton predicted result of
the destruction of the Union, under which we
might have continued to live happily and glorioas-
ly together had the spirit of the ancestry wbo
framed the common Constitution animated the
hearts of all their sons, yon now, with pefsis
tonce untaught and uncursd by the ruin which
baa been wrought, refuae to reoogniae the great
toot presented to you of a eomsleted and access
lu! revolution; you close your eyes to the existenoe
of the Government founded upon it, and ignore
ths bigh duties of moderation and humanity wbioh
attach to yon io dealing with this grest fact, II ad
you met these issues with the frankness and man
liness with whioh tbe undersigned were instructed
to present them to yon and treat them, tbe under
signed bad not now the tnelaooholy duty to return
home and tell their Government and thsir couu-
Irymeo that their earoeat and eeaselsse efforts i
behalf of peaoe had been futile, and that tbe Got
ernment nf tbe Unitod States meant to surjugat
them by force of arms. Whatever may bo tbe re
suit, impartial history will rscord the innocence of
tbe Government of tbe Confederate States, and
place the responsibility of tbe blood and mourn
ing that may ensue irpon those who bave denied
the great fundamental doctrine of American lib
erty, that "Governments derive their just powers
from the cousent of tbe governed," and who have
eet naval and land armaments in motion to sub
ject the people of one portion of this land to tbe
will of another portion. That that can never bo
done while'a freeman survives in tbe Confederate
States to wield a weapon, the undersigned appeal
to past history to prove. These military demon
strations against tbe people of the Seceded States
are oertainly far from being io keeping and con
sietency with the theory of the Ssoretn-y of State,
maintained in bis memorandum, tbal these States
are stilt competent parts of the lata American
union, as the undersigned are not aware of any
constitutional power in tho President of the United
States to levy war, without the cor.son of Con
gress, upon a foreign people, much less opon any
portion oi tne people ol tbe United States.
The" undersigned, like the Secretary of State,
have no purpose to "invite or engage in discuss
ion of the subject on which their two Govern
monts are so irreconcilably at variance. It is this
varianoe that has broken up tbe old Union, the
disintegration of which Las only begun. It is
proper, however, to advise you hat it were well
io aismias the hopes you seen) to entertain 'that,
by any of tbe modes indicated, the people of the
Confederate States will ever be brought to submit
to the authority of tbe Government of tbe United
States. Yuu are dealing with delusions, too, when
you soek to separate our people from our Govern
ment and to characterize the deliberate, sover
eign act of that people as a "perversion of tern.
porary and partisan excitemont." If you cherish
these dreams you will be awakened from them
ana find them as unreal aod unsubstantial as
others in whioh you have recently indulged. The
undersigned would omit the performance of an
obvious duty were they to fail to make known
to the Government of the United States that the
people of the Confederate States have declared
their independence with full knowledge of all
the responsibilities of that act, and with as firm a
determination to maintain it by all tbe means
with which Aature has endowed them as that
which sustained thoir fathers when tbey threw off
the authority of the Briiish orown.
I he undersigned clearly understand that you
hare declined to appoint a day to enable them to
lay tbe objects of the mission with which tbey are
charged before the President of the Uoited States,
an . .1 . 11 1 - . .
wuuiu us io recognise me inde
pendence and separate nationality of tho Confed
erate States. This is tbe vein of thought that
pervades the memorandum before us. The troth
history requires that it should distinotly . ap
pear upon tho record that tho undersigned did not
nek tbe Government of the Uoited States toreoog
nisi tbe independence of the Confederate States.
They only asked audience to adjust, in a spirt of
amity and peace, the new relations springing
from a manifest and accomplished revolution io
the Government of the late Federal Uoion. Your
refusal tu entertain these overtures for pesceful
solution, tbe active naval and military prepara
tion of this Government, and formal notice to
the commanding general of the Confederate forces
in tha habor of Charleston that the Presidsnt in
tends to provision Fort Sumter by forcible means,
if neocssary, are viewed by tbe undersigned, and
cagnly be recoived by tbe world, as deolara-
uoiT&f war against tbe Confederate States ; for
the President of the United States knows that
Fort Sumter cannot be provisioned without the
effusion of blood. The undersigned, in behalf of
their Government and people, accept the gage of
battldtbus thrown down to them, and, appealing
to God and the judgment of mankind for the
righteousness of their cause, tbe people of tbe
Confederate Steles will defond their liberties to
the last against this flagrant and open attempt nt
thoir subjugation to ssoliooal powsr.
This communication cannot bs properly olosed
without adverting to the date of your memoran
dum. Tbe offioial note of the undersigned, of the
12th March, was delivered to the Assistant Seo
retary of State on tbe 13th of that month, tbe
gentleman who delivered it informing bitn that
tbe Secretary of thia commission would call at
twelve o'clock, noon, on the next day for an an
swer. .At the appointed hour Mr. Pickett did
call, and was informed by tbe Assistant Secreta
or Mate that the engagements of the Secreta
ry of State bad prevented bins from giving tbe
note his attention. The Assistant Seoretary of
State than asked for the address of Messrs. Crow
ford and Forsyth, the members of Commission
then prosent in this city, took note ot tbe address
eard, and engaged to send whatever reply
might be made to their lodgings. Wby tbi was
not dons it is proper should be here explained.
Tbe memorandum is dated March 15, and w is
not delivered until April 8, Why was it with
held during the intervening twsoty-tbree days f
the postoripHo yoor memorandum yoj suy itjsomt
of
of
at
go
or
ae
II... Jmm-J - - . . . .
-mm "v..,u, B, w, nnaerstooa, with their
(Msssrs. Forsyth and Crawford's) consent." This
is true out it is also true that on ths 15th of
March, Messrs. Forsyth and Crawford were as
sured, by a person ocoupying high offioial flosf-
uoo id iss Government, and who, as they be
lieved, was speaking by uthority, that Fort
oumter would be evaouatsd wlthifl very few
aoys, ana that no measure changing the existing
status prejudicially to ths Confederate . States, as
respects Tort Pickens, was then contemplated,
and these asaorancee were subsequently repeated,
with tbe addition that any contemplated change
as respects Fort Pickens would be notified to us.
On the 1st of April we were again informed that
there might be an attempt to supply Fort Sumter
with provisions, but that Governor Piekans abould
bars previous nolioe of this attempt There was
no suggestion of a reinforcement. Tbe undersi
gned did not hesitate to believe that tbeee assu
rances expressed the intentions of tbe Adminis
tration at ths titns, or at all events of prominent
members of the Administration. This delay was
assented to lot tbe express purpose of attaining
the great end of the mission of the undersigned,
to wit, pacific solution of existing complica
tions. Tbe inference deiuoible from tbe date of
your memorandum tbat tbe undersigned bad,
of ihilr own volition aod without cause, consen
ted to this long hiatus io ths grave duties with
which they were charged is therefore not consis
tent with a just exposition of the facts of tbe case.
The intervening twenty-three days were em
ployed in active unofficial efforts, the object of
which was to smooth the path to a pacific solution,
the distinguished personage alluded to co-opera
ting wi'.b the undersigned, and every step of that
effort is recorded in writing, and cow in posses
sion of the undorsigned and of their Government.
It was only when all these anxious efforts for
peace hsd been exhausted, and it became clear
that Mr, Lincoln bad determined to appeal to
tbe sword to reduce tbe people ol tbe Confederate
States to the will of tbe section or parly whose
President be is,' that the undersigned resumed
tbe official negotation temporarily suspended, and
sent their Seorolary for a reply to thoir official
note of March 12.
It is proper to add that, during these twentv-
tbfeo days, two gentlemen of official distinction
as bigh as that of tbe personage hitherto alluded
to, aided the undersigned as intermediaries io
these unofficial negotations for peace.
1 be undersigned, Commissioners of tbe Con
federate States of America, having thus made
sntt ttkasf they deem . matsTial
in the rnemo-l
random filed in th. iw,,m.e .Wis.!.
Department on the 15th of
March last, Lave tbe honor to be,
.rTT
JOHN FORSYTH,
MARTIN J, CRAWFORD.
A. B. ROMAN,
A troe copy of the original by one delivered to
Mr. F. W. Seward, Assistant Secretary of State
of tbe United States, at eight o'clock in the even
ing of April 9, 1801.
Attest : J. T. Pickett, Secretary, 4o.
MR. SEWARD IN REPLY TO THE COMMISSIONERS,
DEPARTMENT OF STATE.
WASHINGTON, APRIL 10, 1861.
Messrs. Fonytb, Crawford, and Soman, hav
ing been apprised by a memorandum which bas
been delivered to them tbat the Secretary of Stele
s not at liberty to bold official intercourse with
bem, will, it is presumed, expect no notice from
bim of the new communication which tbey have
Addressed to bim under date of the Otb instant,
beyoud tbe simple acknowledgment of tbe receipt
thereof, which be beroby very cheerfully gives.
A troe copy of the original received by tho Com
missioners of tbe Confuderate States this 10th
day of April, 19C1.
Attest t J. T. Pickett, Secretary, &o
From the Correspondence of the N. Y. Independent.
THE HUNTERS AND THEIR GAME.
BY A NORTHERNER IN SOUTH CAROLINA.
kalf-dossn in the eamp, and they were t
In the wilds of some of tbe slave States, and
particularly in South ' Carolina, there are bands
roaming negroes, fugitives from the slave plan
tations, wbo live on the game they kill, aod on
tbe proceeds of sucb as tbey do not require for
food. At times tbey add to tbelr larder kjgr cap
turing stray bog or other animal on tbe borders
tbe settlements. An account of these bands.
tbeir mode of living, and varied experience, and
more espeeially of the mode of bunting tbem,
would form not tbe least interesting chapter in
tbe history of the slave system.
As has been eaid, they are fugitives from the
lavs plantations, whom ' cruelty and suffering
bave driven to the aw amps and forests, where,
while enjoying tbe freedom thus found, tbey are
the same time probably the lowest typeofciv-
liiation anywhere found in our country. They
in squade of from five to fifteen. Generally
there are but few women among tbem. They are
11 ages, from yoong children to old men.
The banting of these people, if not favorite
port of tbe field and forest in certain regions of
ths South, io certainly fact, whether for sport
some other equally humane purpose. ' In soms
parts it is done with dogs,' and Is tttended with
excessive oruelty.
Tbe followng narrative of en excursion for
ibis kind of game is in almost the precise lan
guage of participant and apologist :
Ii was on Friday in autumn that party of
asvea of us, all planters' sons; were out on
tramp across the country to neighboring planta
tion, some half-doisn miles distant. We bad
substituted pedeetrianism for tbe usual borsebaok
mode of performing such short eicorsions, and to
make the distanos tbe shortest possible, we took
near direct oourse as we oould, wbioh led us
most of the way through forest, wbioh, though
fine pieoe of country,' was little frequented ex
cept oooasionally by tbe sportsmen following
eer. We bad perfu.med probably half of tbe
islance, and were eonseqoently three or four
miles in depth of the forest, when our party cams
suddsnly on the oampofa party of wandering
negroes. It was mutual surpriss. . Tbsrs wsrs
in
to
ly
of
To
To
A
that moment engaged in dining on qoarler of
mutton which they bad roasted overs fire, and to
obtain which they bad no doubt made recent
viait to tbe nearest plantation. Unwilling to miss
tbeir meal, or because they perceived that we weie
not armed, the negroes did not move at oor ap
proach, but springing to IheTf feet, propared to
receive us in whatever shape we might eome.
There was one lusty fellow among tbem, proba
bly their leader worth in market, in good limes,
full $1,5000. Tbe idea of capturing tbe fellow
seemed to bave entered tbe miod of each on of
the party, for with soaroely word we all rushed'
upoo him. The others ran or bid. Tbe fellow,
perceiving our movement, planted bimsslf with
bis back against a large tree. The man who
reached hitn first went sprawling in a twinkling.
Three others went to keep bim company, propell
ed by the long and withey arm of the negro. The
remaining three, of whom I was one, made
simultaneous rush with elubs. A well-aimed
blow brought the fellow to tbe ground, when those
whom he bad sent sprawling coming up, we felt
sure of our game. But in moment, even before
we could follow up our advantage, be was on bis
feet, furooious as a lion with t torn ear. lie fair
ly foamed at ths mouth, and swors such oaths as
I never before heard. lie did not wail for us to
maks another onset, which it is likely we would
have been unwilling to do, but he rushed upon us.
striking right and left. Some three or four felt
the force of his blows before we could get oot of
tne leiiow'o wsy. lie did not obase us far. but
seeing tbat ha was well rid of us, went back lu
the camp. Our party, wbioh bad become scat
tered by tbe rough inoiuent, rendezvoused an hour
after at our place of destination. On our rslating
what had occured to our friend and his two grown
up sons, whom we bad come to see, it was agreed
tbat on the following day there should be bunt
for the fugitives, which we promised ourselves
should bave a different result from this
ted encounter.
uosxpao-
Accordingly, the next day, a sarty of twelve.
all of us planters or planters' sons, met at the
appointed place to set out on tbe hunt. We were
... nou armea witn rines, and, an some
instances, revolvers also. It was jolly and
well appointed party. We did not, ae waa our
custom when deer or other fourfooted animals
were to be bonted, take along one or more fa
votite negroes to act as gams-keepere. The reas
on why we did not must bs obvious, aod was nat
ural. So, recruiting ourselves from tbe saddle
bags tbe party set out. Judging from the place
share aba fuirm.o. K.rf c a j.
' : . -----.y towmj
previous, we ooocluded tbat tbet were then about
a doieo milee distant, in deep wood . beyond the
sluggish river, wbicb .bad ile source in ths
swamps not far off. W e therefore set out for the
nearest ford, wbicb was several miles above, to
reach wbicb by tbe shortest root we took across
swampy sod wholly unfrequented tract. Our
progress was neoessarily slow, in oonsequenoe of
tne cuaraoter ol tbe country and tbe ground over
which we were piokiogour way. We. bad proba
bly made four or five miles, when we came righi
upon tbe camp ol the fellows of tbe previous day.
Our recognition waa simultaneous. Their num
ber scorned to bave increased, for in an instant
there seemed to be fifteen or twenty fellows run
ning in different directions. Ofcourss we fired
quickly as possible, and brought down three or
lour at tbe first round. Those of us who bad been
engaged io ths previous eocounter reoognisod the
huge fellow that bad dealt us tbe bard blows tbe
day before. lie did not stop to give us fight this!
time, but ran likes deer. Haifa dozen of oa
gave chase. Mounted as we were, he bad rather
the advantage of us at first, exeept we were armed
and be not. Tbe distance between us wss not
over one hundred yards. We sboutsd to bim to
stop, preferring to capture so saleable fellow
alive rathor than kill hitn outright. Not regar
ding the summons, it was repeated with tbe addit
ional bint of three or four shots from our rifles. But
heeded neither. By this time the whole party
was on bis track, and repeated ebots were fired at
him, one of which we were certain bil for he
gave a screech like a byena ; though ho did not
materially slacken bis pace. The chase was kept
op for some time, with shot after shot. It was
one of exciting interest, which was inereased by
the feci that the fellow kept on bis course like
deer. Al length some half dozen of us, though
without conoert, fired'simultaneously, and we bad
tbe satisfaction of seeing the ntgro drop. We
were soon up with bim. A ball bad struck bim
tbe koee. lie was all the more ferooioos, sod
was far from giving op. He bad raised op ao as
seat himself against s tree, and one of tbe par
dismounting, approached him, when tbe fel
low dealt bim levelling blow. What rifles there
wore among us that contained sbo'.s were fired
almost simultaneously, and tbe negro stretched
bis length at tbe foot of tbe tree. We gave bim
no further attention.
Retracing our eteps we came upon four fellows,
who gave themselves op to os. Tying their arms,
we drdve tbem before us to the plantation of one
tbe party. Io little more than ten days from
that time oooofour party returned from New
Orleans, to wbicb market he bad taken tbe fugi
fives. lis brought (3,600 to divide among tbe
party. We called it pretty good hunt for one
day.
Sucb is tbe narrative or one wbo was s par
ticipant in lbs scenes. I give it to yoor readers
witboot nots or oommeot.
COMMERCE AND SLAVERY.
Ifasvso speed ths eaovass, gallantly oofurl'd
furnish and aocommodais world,
give the pole tbe produoe of the sun.
And knit th' onsooial climates into one , , ,
But, ah! what wish can prosper, or what preyef,
For merchants rioh io eargoes of despair, .
Wbo drive Joathsoms traffic gusge and span,
And boy lbs muscles and the bouss of man I
Tbe tender ties of father, husband, friend,
bonds of nature Id that moment end )
And seen sodurss, wbils yet be draws bit breath'
stroks as fatal the seyths of DseAb.
of
FROM WENDELL PHILLIPS.
IMr. PhilKM. in I fpeen (6 ifus'o' flafl, Bos
ton, on April 2tat, fufly sodofssil the war with'
the Sooth, believing that the Isstfe" ft presents Is
Freedom or Slavery'. We are utterly anable te
see it so, though ws beeps' (fret fa thf evtrrlt of
events, Freedom may be the bltlm'ate" fsialf -a Re
sult unlooksd for, sod nndesired by those who are
eonduoting tbe war, and giving direct ion to tie
military arm.
Ail winter long, 1 have acted' with that part
which eried for peace. Tbe anti-'alsrvery sntsr'
prise, to which t befofc'g', HifXtH with pSAOS writ
ten on its banner. Ws Ims'glned tbat tft's agsf of
idsas bad corns; tbat thirty millions' of people?
were able to take great question, and decide' it
by the eonflioi of opinions; and, without letliog
ths ship of State foondsr, lift four millions of meet
into liberty aod juetloe. We thought tbat If yon
statesmen would throw wwsry pefeofia') amtftion'
aod party watchword's, and devote themselves to
tbe great issue, this might bs accomplished. To
osrtain extent it bas bsen. The North has aa-
swered to the call. Teat after year, event If
event, bas indicated the rising eJucatkn of. the
people tbe readiness for higher moral life- Its'
patience that waite for neighbor's "conversion
Tbe North bae reaponded to tbe eafl of thef
peaceful, moral, intellectual agitation which th
anti-slavary idea bas initiatsd. Our mistake, if
any, has been thai we counted loe moeh on the
intelligence of the masses, on tbe honts'f nedl
wisdom of statesmen as s class. Perhaps we did
oot give weight eoough to tbe faot we saw, tbat
this nation is made up of different ages; net
bomogeneoos, bat mixed mass of different cen
turies. Tbe North thini$ can appreciate argej'
ment io the nineteenth eentofy-bardly any
struggle left in it bnt tbat between tbe working"
olass and the money kinge. The Sootb dreamt
it is ths thirteenth and foorteeotb csnt'aty' barosl
snd serf nobis and slave. Jack Cade sfttf Wat
Tyler loom over lbs horizon, and tbe eerf, rislnsj
calls for another Thierry to record hie straggle
There tbe fagot still barns, which tbs Doctors of
the Sorbonne called, agee ago, "tbe best light te
guide tbe erring." There men are tortorod1 for
opinions, the on! panrshtneoi tbe Jssuits were
willing their pupils snodld look on. This is,' per
haps, too flstterioc nicture of tbe South. Better
call bar, as Sumnsr dots, "tbs barbarous States.''
Our etroggle, therefore, is no struggle tostwewsj
different ideae, but between barbarism and clvili
zation. Such ean only be tattled by arms (prolongr
ed cheering). Tbe government has waited nntil its
best friends almost sospeeted i eouraga ot U .
integrity; bat the cannon shot aeimrt Fort Sum
tor bae opened tbe only dotr eat of this booh
There were bat two. One wee compromise; ths
other was battle. The integrity of the North)
olosed tbe firsi; lbs generous forbearance oi hint
teen Statee elosed the other. t
Tbe South opened this with eannod shot, ani
Lincon shows himself at the door (prolonged and
enthusiastic oheering). The war, then, is not ag-
gressive, but io eelf-defsnee, aad Washington bat
become the Tbermopyles of liberty and justise
(applause). Bather than surrender it, cover etflrj
square foot of it with living body (loud cheera) j
crowd it with million of men, and empty every .
bank, vault at the North to pay tbe eest (renewed
cbeeriog.) Teach the world, onee for all, that
North America belongs to the stars and stripes,'
and under them no man shell wear chain (eo'i
thusiastio cheering). In tbe whole of tbis con,
fl'.ct, I bavs looksd only at liberty only at its' -slave.
Perry entered the battle of tbe Lakes
itb "Don't oiva cr fas ship," floating from
the mast head of tbe Lawtsnce. When, with bis.
fighting flsg, ha left her erippled, heading North, i
and, mounting tbe deck of tbe Niagara, turned,
her bows due weat, bs did all for one purpose te
rske tbe decks of the foe. Acknowledge seoession,
or cannonade it, I eare not wbicb; but "Proclaim,
libsrty throughout all the land unto all tha inbaLi
tants thereof," (loud obeers). .
I said, oivil war needs momentous and solemn ,
juetifioatlon. Europe lbs World, may claim of,
os, that before ws blo't ihe nineteenth century f ,
ao appeal to arms, we sbsll exhaust every cojoAs- ;
sion, try every means to kep (he peace ; other ;
wise, an appeal to tbe Ood k battles is an insnlf
to lbs civilization of our age ; it is a coofsssioo .
tbat dor culture and oor religion are superficial; I
if not a failure. 1 think tbal lbs history of the; ;
nation and of tbe government both, is an an pis
juatificatioo to our own limes Shi to history fof .
tbis appeal to arms. I think tbe South is nil ,
wrong, aad tbs Administration is all right (pre-
longed obseriog). Let me tell yon why. Fof, ,
thirty years, ths North bas exhausted eoiiiouosi a
and compromise. Tbey bets tried story eipedU, i
ent, tbey have relinquished every right, the ;
have aaorificed every interest, they bavs ssnolh
ersd keen sensibility to national boner, Sod Koi- (
tbern weight aod supremacy in the Union ; hay -,
forgotten tbey were tbe majority in numbers and, : i
in wealth, in education and atrength ; have left y
tbe helm of government and tbs dictation of poli ;t
cy to the Southern States. For all ibis, tbe eoa
fliot wsxsd oloser and hotter. Tbe Administra
tion tbat preceded tbis was full of traitors and)
Ibisvee. Ii allowed the arms, ships, mousy, mill- .,
tary stors of the North to be etolen with isnparV '
ly. Mr. Lincoln took oftoe, robbed of all tbt
means to defend the eoaetiioiiona! rights of th .
government, lie offered te withdraw front ths
alls of Sumter everything but the flag. He al
lowed ssoossion to surround ii with tbs strobgeel
forts wbioh Military soienee could bolld. Tbs;
North offered to meet in Convention bt sisles
Statee, aod arrange tbe terms of peaceful separtv ' j
lion, strength ana right yielded evervtbisi-w
tbey folded tbeir hands 'waited the returning; V
reason of tbe mad insurgents. Week after wsK "
slapaed, month after month went by, waiting fr '
aoocr scuoo soougui oi live mitnona tjnq, w .
half of people. Th world eaw lbs sobtims sigM '
nineteen millions of wealthy, powerful, oahsil ' ".
citizens allowing tbeir lag to le insulted, (hers4 1 1
rights assailed, Ibehr sovereignty de(M 'mat bc t
ksn in piecss, nod yst waiting, with patient, fctotaV
srly, tnagaeniaoof klodoase, antii insarreoUoa
bavrrg sseoi he fory, should f each out h hr
