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a *.*. m 10 THE COA L DEPOSITS O F THE NORTHWEST. Frank A. Wilder in the February Review of Reviews, New York. Public Opinion. All of the western coal Holds are much youngei than tluv*.- In the eastern and centid.1 states. Th great earth-folds which eiosion has cut into the ragged peaks of the Kockies and the toast range lifted up part of an extensive aiea cov ered with cretaceous strata, till to-day they ave high on the mountain sides. Towa rd the. east', ttve effect of the folding grew less, and the cretaceous beds of North Dakota were left undisturbed. Though some coal is found lower in the geologic series, most of the'beds in the Rockies and on the plaiins are confined to the'Laramie, a iato stage of the creta ceous. The coal on the Pacific coast be longs to the eocene stage of tjie follow ing tertiary period. The effect of the up lift on the duality of the coal was note worthy. Subjected to tremendo us pres sure during the process of mountain making, and exposed here and there by deep gashes cut in the mounta in slopes by torrents, opportunity was offered for the formation and escape of the gases which form by a process of dry distilla tion in buried wood when protected from atmospheric decay, and as a consequence the percentage (f fixed carbon became higher than in th# coal fields of the. plains. Coal that is lfenite in North Dakota passes into the #cmi-bituminous and often into true bituminous coal in the moun tains. It is known that coal-bearing strata are present over 92.030 square miles. This area is ten times that of the coal fields of Pennsylvania. It is probable that it c-F^' I %- "' I MAP ILLUSTRATING THE KNOWN DISTRIBUTION NORTHWEST. (The bituminous areas in Montana and Wyoming may be greatly extended further discoveries.) will not prove universally productive, but the proportion that will some time justify mining is probably as high as that in a ny eastern state. Typical anthracite, does not exist, so far as known, in the states of the north west, though, on the south. Colorado pos sesses an anthracite area of eight or ten square miles. The bituminous and semi l)ituminous series cover 21,000 square mites in Montana and Wyoming, and 1,500 miles in Washington and Oregon. Mon tana's lignite area includes 25.000 square miles, while of coal of this grade Wyo ming has 0.0MO square miles South Da kota. 4.5(H) square miles, and North Da kota. 31.500 square miles. Careful tests have been made which compare these coals with the standa rd 'J^JTi *' WEDNESDAY EVENING, K 0*G0*. ttca m: * Bt*\fM*ow ' te*itf'ices' A ccording to a detailed statement in the Minneapolis Tribune of Sunday, March 1 , The Jour- ^ nal, in 1902, with its six issues a week, carried as much classified advertising-lacking 19 columns-as did the Tribune with its seven issues a week-including the 5 2 Sundays in the year. I n other words, The Journal had practically as many columns of want "ads." in 313 days as did the Tribune in the full 365. DAY FO R DAY during the year TO I n 1902 The Journal with Its 313 issuesno SundayCarried Practically as many Want Ads as did The Tribune with its 365 Issues, Including 5 2 Sundays The The s^se-nf^ coal from the Youghiogheny region of Pennsylvania. The bituminous coals are but little inferior to the best coal of the same sort in Pennsylvania. Gas coals are found among them, and a large percent age of the coals exhibit admirable cooking characteristics. The spmi-bituminous and lignite coal from the mountai ns equals the best Illinois and Iowa product, while the - lignite of the plains, when burned in the same conditions in which it comes from the mine, has a fuel value equal to 80 per cent of that of the coals of the middle west. In the Ham's Fork field, Montana, which supplies coal for the miners and smelters at Butte and Anaconda, two productive horizons have been recognized the lower, in the Dakota or Benton for mations, containing, bituminous coal, and the upper, in the Laratnie.with high-grade lignite. The lower horizon has Ave beds of workable thickness, varying from ,5 to IS feet. The upper has at least five beds, ranging in thickness from 4 to 22 feet, and one which attains a thickness of 86 feet. This is exceptional, but beds from 10 to 20 feet thick are common in the moun tains. The.lignite beds on the plains of North Dakota aaid Montana, * perhaps, reach their maximum thickness at forty feet. Ten years ago the lignite deposits that underlie 31,500 square miles in North Da kota, 25,000 square miles in Montana, and smaller though extensive areas in Wy oming and South Dakota, 'were, consid ered almost worthless. ' To-day, one can hear from both merchant and farmer, y "- "- - ' ' " ~ ..,.. -,, - ',-...'-.. J i i'i' ''- ft" ' - ju, jPj#'i^fm''!''w'wi everywhere over these plains, that "the lignite is the salvation of this region." Lignite is the Braunkohlen of the Ger mans and that of the northwest has a higher fuel value than the Europe an va rieties. The percentage of fixed carbon ranges from 40 to 60, wi th an average, as shown by eighty analyses, of 51, or 10. per cent higher than the Germ an lignite, and fully as high as the bituminous coal of Iowa and Missouri. Its content of moisture is 32 per cent, and out of this fact arises the difficulties connected with its use. On drying, the lignite "slack s" or crumble, - but loses nothing of its fuel value in consequence if proper ap pliances for burning fine coal are used. Slacking does not take place rapidly and in summer, lignite that has been exposed Condensed for O F COAL I N THE THE MINNEAiPOMS JOURNAL in heaps to ordinary atmospheric condi tions for eight or ten wee ks may be burned on ordinary grates with little loss. During the winter, months, the "green" coal shows no tendency to crumble. If the lignite is dried before burning, the energy required to volatilize the con tained moisture is saved. Devices are al ready In use which burn the fine lignite successfully. The production of metals in the north west is intimately connected with its pro duction of coal. Both are cause and both are effect. The demand of the smelters for coke is imperative, and the depend ence of the mining industry on local smelters is complete. The production of ores in the northwesf has only begun. In ten years, Montana will be a great iron producing center. Hardly more than ten years will be needed to develop the iron ores of Washington. Unlike gold, or even copper, the distance that raw iron can be economically shipped by railroad is lim ited. Near the places whe re it is pro duced, it must be wrought into rails, car wheels and cutlery. The recent mqve ment toward developing the iron ores of the northwest means more for the de velopment of the country than the rapid grow th of its mines of precious metals. I t means diversified manufacturing, and here again the abundance of cheap fuel plays an important part. All that Penn sylvania Is, it is safe to predict for Mon tana. OTHER NON-DEBT-PAYERS Costa Rica and Guatemala Are Next in Line for Coercive Treatment. New York Sun Special Service. London, March 11.English investors in Spanish-American loans and enterprises are now looking for a sequel to the Vene zuelan affair in some other quarter of the western hemisphere. The only other countries where defaults of interests and the repudiation of finan cial obligations are flagrant are in Costa Rica and Guatemala. The external debt of Costa Rica was scaled down to lower rates of interest but defaults have oc curred in interest and sinking fund. The Guatemala debt was also rearranged at 4 per cent, but the interest has not been paid. Nicaragua is meting all its obli gations, and Colombia has recently re sumed services of i's external debt. The Peruvian debt was liquidated under Michael Grace's settlement, and Chile and Brazil are fulfilling all their engagements, Paraguay and Uruguay are paying inter est on their external debts and the Ar gentine government is not making any default. Costa Rica and Guatemala are exposing themselves to foreign coercion in the in terest of European creditors. It is not probable that England will join Germany in another naval campaign against either republic, as British investors in the two main Venezuelan loans complain that the effect of the alliance lias been to establish a preference for inferior German claims and create a prejudice against the legiti mate claims of bondholders. by mm********** Omitting the-Tribune's Sunday issues, the totals were as follows: A aUESTICN OF COLOR. Los Angeles, Cal., March 11. bishop Joseph H. Johnson of the Southern California diocese, formerly of Detroit, gave the Protestant Epis copal congregation at Lompoo, Santa Barbara county, a surprise by appointing the Rev. George S. Brown of Philadelphia rector. Bishop John son was as much surprised as the parishioners when Mr. Brown arrived here to begin his work. Mr. Brown is a negro, and the congregn 1ion over which he was called to preside is white. Bishop Johnson was not aware of the new rector's color before his arrival. (Daily and Sunday, 365 Issues) 2,600 CoSs (Daily, no Sundays, 313 issues) 2,581 Cols THE TOTALS FOR THE YEAR. WERE *M*B*4MUN*4*tll*^ IN SOUTHEEN EILLS Three Important Strikes, One in the Tykoon, Close to the Town of Keystone. What Is Believed a True Fissure Vein Will Make the Provo a Good Mine. Special to The Journal, Hot Springs, S, D., March -11.Within last week there have been three Import ant strikes close to the town of Keystone. None of them was unexpected however, as- the owrffirs of the property have been driving with all speed and wi th the ex pectation of encountering the ledges about where they finally struck them. One was in the Tykoon. In the cross-cut the min ers cut through four feet of good ore, but are continuing the crosscut to strike the larger body. James Demerau," whose prospecting work in the Southern Hills commenced in 1875, is doing assessm^ht work on the Evening Star No. 3, whe re he has un covered a large vein of phonolite ore, rich in gold. - J. N. Wright has let. a contract to Fred Russell and John Poster to sink a shaft on the Provo mine, in the Dansby district. This is the property recently purchased from Wilber Todd and N. Smith, near the head of Warren gulch.. It is rich in gold by the pan and moi tar four'feet in width, runs, east!and west and has a* slight dip to the north.', It cuts the formation like a .true-fissure vein, and should develop into an excellent mine. ' T wo shifts a day are working steadily in the Ida Florence shaft "and?sinking will be continued till a depth o f 150 feet is reached. The formation at the Maloney Blue Lead copper mine has undergone a change recently, and the company believes it has found the true vein. An examination of the property was-recently.made by J. D. Caldon of Denver, at whosje direction new work was started, following a small seam of ore that left the main drift. The com pany is finding that the vein is widening as work progresses, and the ore is show ing better values in opper. The Standard Essence company of May wood, N . J., has contracted for the ship me nt of thirty tons a month of spodumene from the property owned by Mit Everly, Dave Swanzey, the Masonic order and Knights of Pythias. The price received is $12 a ton on board the cars in Keystone, and the contract runs for an indefinite period. 1 ". "- . Willi i II HI .....P I JP . i - ....... . - ADJUDGED A BANKRUPT Sherman Operated Creameries at Fedora, Vilas and Howard. SIOUX FALLS, S. D.Charles H. Sher man, who until a few months ago operated creameries at Fedora, Vilas and Howard, has been adjjidged an involuntary bank rupt by Judge Carland. A few weeks ago Sherman 's creditors,, about twenty in number, filed a petition asking that he be adjudged bankrupt. Sherman failed to make an answer to the allegations. H e disappeared leaving his affairs in bad con dition. For a time , it was not known where he had gone, but it is now said he is in Oregon. H e has liabilities of about $10,000 and assets of about $5,000. Episcopalians of Sioux Falls in partic ular and the citizens in general are greatly pleased at the anortunoement that Rev. Dr. 5^'itK.^y Issu I^^MgifE^^ D**c*iv *- ?%: e M Hi iii pin inwiiwigiiiiiII UIIU.II ii ,, i #ni jjj. iiiiilljlil m)i ifflWi i im.jhi(nwrlii i. test: . The vein is, re-i :-Wi-: i* - r - - ''- * George H. Cornell, late of Sioux City, to whom a call was issued by the vestry of St. Augusta cathedral of this city, had notified Bishop Hare that he will accept and begin his work soon after Easter. TWO ALMOST DROWNED Engineer Ray and Wife Thrown From Culvert Into a Swollen Stream. ARMOUR, S. D.George Ray, engineer on the Armour branch of the Milwaukee, in driving to his farm cast of town, nearly lost his life and only saved his wife from drowning by heioic efforts. In crossing a culvert the buggy was overturned and the occupants thrown into the freshet. The team ran away and two miles further on ran into another freshet and both horses drowned. Mr. Ray in emerging from the water looked for his wife and all he could see was her fascinator. H e reached for it and pulled her from the stream, as she was sinking the third time. BOARD OF EXAMINERS Appointments by Herreld Under the New Medical Law. PIERRE, S. D.Governor Herreid has appointed as the new state board of med ical examiners under the new law H. E. McNutt of Aberdeen, J. L. Foxt on of Hu ron, S. Olney of Sioux Falls and J. W . Freeman of Lead of the regulars H . M. Finner ud of Watertown, A. A. Cotton of Vermillion of the homeopaths, and H. S. Graves of Hurley of the eclectic school. John W. Ellis of Elk Point has been ap pointed a member of the state board of health to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of H. E. McNu tt of Aberdeen. Senate bill 207, which is before the gov ernor will have j opposition before it be comes a law I t attempts to prevent the giving of rebates for the purpose of secur ing, life insurance risks. Persons from Sioux Falls desire to be heard before the bill is approved. SIOUX FALLS, S. D.Deputy. United States marshals left for Kansas City, ha v ing in charge Batlin Giessman, the alleged Missouri moonshiner who was captured in this city Feb. 22. FLANDREAU, S.. D,In circuit court Rich Hay es was found guilty of criminally assaulting Miss Edi th Chapion. The pen alty is not less than five years. COAL MINES TO CLOSE One Thousand Men Near Nanaimo Will Lose Their Johs. Victoria^ B. C , March 11.The Exte n sion coal mines near Nanaimo are to be closed on April 1. This will throw 1,000 men out of employment. e Pa9 BAD PRIVATE BANK FAILURE. Chardou, Ohio, March 11.Affairs of the pri vate banking house of Boughton, Ford & Co. at Burton are in worse shape than was supposed when their assignment was announced some time ago. The liabilities, now amount to more than Sl.000,000, while the assets are only about $200,- 000. A receiver has not yet filed a complete re port, all but a summary being withheld on the ground that other failures would be precipitated if all the facts were known. It looks now as if there would be a mass of IMigation that would delay settlement of the bank's affairs for several months if not. for years. CASTOR IA For Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought Bears the Signature of 1 v -~ ? ^ . , ^ ' 2,581 Columns 1,536 Columns bii)Wmiil'i*wBa*wiww Ladies' New, up- to-date Ladies' new pat leather, lace, exten- sion soles, welt sewed, worth 83.50, Thursday, cut to... Ladies' new $2.50 vici kid, lace, patent tip easy flexible soles, .Tr?d.sy.:., sizes 8% to 11 FOG Children's Rubbers, 4| JB sizes to 103^ l*rU Misses' Storm Rubbers, 4| Cfcrt sizes 11 to 2 lull Ladies' Rubbers, now 19o THE "CLUB DU SILENCE." Parle, March 11.The latest of the many strange Parisians flub, the existence of which comes to public notice from time to time, has. been discovered by the Gaulois. It is called the 'Club du Silence," and its meeting place is in the Mont Parn,asse district. If: is an associa tion, of deaf mutes, and all the servants vfH. LOSS OF MANLY VIGOR Such treatment as I give cannot be secured elsewhere. DR. ALFRED L. COLE AND COUNCIL OF PHYSICIANS Office Hours9 a. m. to 5 p. m. and 7 to 8 p. m. Sundays10 a. m. to 12:30 p. m. i.'S&iWi&i^^ifei&ifeii^fJ^Svfe ti_WTninj^H7^'7 'ViJ'^ Spring Shoes Children's Shoes. Child's $1.00 kid lace all leather school shoes, sizes AQA 8^ toll QOU Children's $1.50 new kid or calf lace school shoes, QQ ....$1.60RO^mnm%3feA 2 4 Washington Ave. S., Minneapolis, Minn. more WANT ADS. - than did Th e Tribune wi!fa"4jWj||Wjwj|qH!W! MARCH 11, 1903. Ladies' n e w, flexible sole, kid, lace, new patent tip and dull kid top: worth #3. See these Thursd'y Men splendid calf, lace,with Good- year welt sole, worth fl^O $250... ^Pfc Men's new $2 Kangaroo Calf lace, special Men's new patent leather bluchers, up-to-date, ^^1 Rll worth $4.00 WWiUW BOYS' SHOES. A M% Bovs' calf lace, worth $1-75 Kanga- ^ A e roocalf.all sizes ...:...M* &* Youths' $1.60 calf, heavy sole, lace 98c Men's rubbers, now 39c are likewise deaf and dumb. The latter are summoned by special apparatus, which, when a button is pressed, instead of ringing a bell, communicates a slight electric shock to Ui in dividual servant. The club rooms are similar to those of a Carthusian monastery. The presi dent is a veteran who fought against the Indians in North America, and being captured had lis tongue cut out. (I GUARANTEE A PERMANENT CURC. NO TEMPORARY STIMULANT.) If you are lacking in these essential elements of strength, com*r to my office and consult me privately. I have cured safely, quickly and permanently cases which have been abandoned by family physicians and so-called experts oases which have heen aggravated and made norse by the use of Belts. Free Samples or local appliances. I will remove the evil effects of such treatment and restore you to what you have lost, your precious manhood. My cure for de bilitated men makes the blood rich and pure, the flesh firm, the muscles solid, and the nerves strong and Btcady. It brightens the brain by relieving it of despondency. It stops every un natural drain and discharge, and gives perfect power to the organs. In a word, it builds up the physical and mental man. and prepares him anew for the duties and pleasures of sturdy manhood. . I CURE WITH THE SAME GUARANTEE OF SUCCESS, STRICTURE AND VARICOCELE. CONTAGIOUS BLOOD POISON. UNNATURAL DISCHARGES, KIDNEY, BLADDER AND PROSTATIC TROUBLES. Symptom blank free. CONSULTATION FREE. *&m m y npg iL& '! i