Newspaper Page Text
, .
0L LXXXVI., NO. 109. ' SALT LAKE CITY, FRIDAY MORNING, JANUARY 31, 1913. 14 P AGES FIVE CENTS. H
iifiis
f DENOUNCED Br
1 Bill ALLIES
Surk'ey Notified That Hosiili-
i es Will 13 c Resumed in
-our Days Unless De
mands Are Acceplcd.
RTE REPLIES TO
JOTE OF THE POWERS
v Willing lo Divide Adri
nople; Possibility That
Further Fighting May
Be Avoided.
CONSTANTINOPLE. Jan. 30.
io Balkan allJcB. today gavo no
:e of tlio termination of tho ar
iMke, tho poriod of gr.ico of four
yB to start at. 7 o'clock tliJo cvon
K. Tlio porlo lias prol.estod to Uic
rcrs pgalnr.t tlio denunciation of
c armistice by the allies.
ON'DOX, Jan. ZO. Tho curtain
ma rise on t lie second act of the
I Balkan war next Monday. Tlio
ullics denounced tlio armistice nt
'clock tonight, and if events take
l piesrribed cours t lie bombard
. of Adriunoplo will follow after an
rval of four daj-s. Indood, tho
bnrdrncul lias been Kchcduled for 7
ck Monday evening,
ot, oven at litis eleventh hour, -war
lo wiso is assured. Only a few
a before the allies proclaimed
x momentous decision, the Otto
.yjjoveriinionl presented its reply to
joint note of the powers of Jan
SIT. Iter has a diplomtie problem taken
pswift and surprising changes aB
, negotiations for peace. Tho
w Turks who seized tlio govcrn
l with, shouts of defiance havo un
reiiu a marvelous transformation,
gtt'l o drawing the battl'o Hue at
Rtipstion of surrendering Adriano
Illcy offer a compromise which
m fo near meeting tho Wulgnri?n
inn's that a settlement should not
Jnposaiblc, and they leave Llio Ac
i oitiBTands to tlic disposition of the
Stfcpromise Possible.
Jfc difference between what Con
t fB!tio)Ie is read to give and what
"ffcria is vfilling to accept, rhas been
lWRj-'l to such small proportions lht
Kwoinc of the Ualkau delegates bc
DlMiBf co,nPry,1"so l,i:i.v J01- ho found.
lLjBntiiiop)c now uslts simply tho ro
PfflE of that bection of Adrianoplc
the holy shrines arc situated,
tkj Rr'a always meant to leave tho
toJHpes aud 6hrines to Turkoy and
ffirf'Bft0 confer tho right of extra tcr
tlBRl'ty, thus giviug tlicm something
5W? tatus of tho Vatican in Homo.
uflflHFJftl differences between tlio two
CH?jiB amount merely to Turkey's do
SKK.tto 8lir'ucs and tho sections
pttVl&t; thorn.
1 j jjKThraceau frontier line, therefore,
; fcoc exception of tho town of
:jjMfcPl practically has been agreed
dtifff'ET"rlCy 'S rcady Lo lcaV0 lo tho
0,1KM" lne disposition of the land on
OB1 Danlc of tho MariUa river,
arrJMfODditions aE is known thc aN
InllHB 9ati"tted to accept. Tho quos
''SJHL AoRean islands also praeti
Jnttil?3B!5S,bt!C,n Eolved, aa thc porte is
3j$jjHwB settlement to
urf " Bfr Statement.
WfflKllorJlie,id oC th Bavarian
WflStapV with Teforeno to Tur-
8SnaBb n cttTactcr to form the
ltwM?;5 rre8h uoRotiationu."
?0eve.r, simPlv is a public
tffMKi? F08!,ib,y for tho purpoao of
irryKlH irthor prosRuro on Con
A ,"a3orlt3- of the allies
ftnTtaJEeV a oompn"3e -will
lti ' t'R9jiowfr" haVo urCed the allies
flToSJLr,u s-tihtlft3 bocaube of tho
fler U' Veaizoloi will' leave
llRS"0 visit friends
if Wm g?nt.rr. and eipectD to dopart
& ?fM?ifMltuidtty or Sunday,
VySMKVvltcb ncad of tho Soman
118 ?itfH ; i a"anBad to go homo in
o!'taME. bat m" rctrn if the no-HTf!HPoV-
ro?Umd- Dr. Daneff will
fti5!gg'n"'Pg of next week.
6ttlmBBadonal conference will
jepy mornine 10 consider thc
l'$SMteEY's REPLY TO
l0mB POWERS' NOTE
TSmTf1, jQ"n- its
Itt2SH Turk L?0t0 of.tho Powers,
&JS;5Wannt!i 1 rom ProposiiJu to til -
iJTSBStit tirog5UT1 wlanflH. the new
aSUflBfond . fiiJ?,,ef. fro111 tho fettenj
rat tygMlJtdKnorH' cxtra-tcrrltod.il
pntlU
Baltimore Belle Will
Wed Due De Richelieu
DUC DE RICHELIEU AND MISS WISE.
MURDERER ESCAPES
FIOMJEl JSIL
Convict Awaiting Insanity
Trial Digs Way io Freedom
Through Brick Wall.
Special to The Tribune.
NHJJ'Tn. Jan. "0. .Tames I lllcliman,
convicted In tho October term of the dis
trict court here of murder in tho second
defrrce, Aur- his way out of tho local Jail
tonight, where he had been held Dcndlnfr
n new trlnt, una made good his escupc.
William Kay. who was in tho same room
with Hickman at tho time and who is
held pendirig' trial for murder In the first
dcSTec, remained in the cell room anil
made no attempt to" follow Hickman.
Tllckman was convicted of -murder In
thc socond degree of David Hutchinson
in Eureka, last July. Ills counsel en
tered a plea of insanity following tho
conviction and Hickman was held in tho
Nephl jail awaiting trial for Insanity. It
was his second attempt to gain his lib
erty. About two montljs ago Chief of
Police H. D. Golds1orough caught him
trying to dig a brick out of the coll trail
with a pteco of Iron railing ho had se
cured from a. nearby stairway.
Chief Goldshorough Baw Htakmon for
the Inst tlmo at G o'clock last night. He
aald that at that tlmo there ttos abso
lutely no Indication that he had been
digging nt thc wall. Reluming nt ftvo
minutes to six, Chief Goldshorough found
n hole In the wall where hlH prisoner had
escaped. Ho staled lust night that ho
had absolutely no Idea how tho man dug
the hole or what he did It. with. Ho snJd
that nobody had been near tho prisoner
today who could have slvcn him any
thing to dig with.
The chief said that he questioned Kay,
who occupied tho cell room with Hickman,
and Kay claimed that ho did not oven
know that ' his partner wan digging.
Chlof Goldshorough has notified the po
lice Of all towns around Nephl to bo on
Ihc lookout for Hlchmun. When last
sen the cecaped convict wa3 wearing gray
trousers, a 5Hteon short, and took his
cell mate's corduroy cap with him. He
hnd a four-weeks' growth of beard, wa3
five fel ton lncho In height, dark-gray
hair and was .slight In build. It Is bu
llevcd that ho headed north from Nephl,
CHINESE GIRLS FOUND
IN UNDERGROUND DEN
SAN FRAJs CISCO. Jan. 30. Sevon
barred doors and a socrot entrance
through a four-foot wall of masonry felt
today before the battorlnsr ramn of kov
ernmont Immigration Inspectors, who
rescued three Chinese slave girls from a
den In underground Chinatown. They
had boen nmugclod ashore from a trans
pacific llnur by a tons li:adir, and thc
JeahiUHy of rival tong men, who watched
tho raid from a ifc dlstnnro. led to tho
rescue. The girls will bo deported.
Pair Will Become Residents
of New York Immediately
After Honeymoon.
Ey International iN'ows Service.
"jyiEW YORK, Jan. SO. Bocause of her
desire to be near her frlonds, It has
been decided that tiss Eleanor Doug
Ins Wise, a popular society belle of
Raltimoro and tho Due de Richelieu,
who are to be married on February S,
will establish a permanent residence In
Now York Immediately after their
honeymoon.
The duke is a descendant of thc fa
mous cardinal, who was premier of
Franco under Louis XUII., but he Is
equally proud of tho fact that his moth
er was an American. She was Alice
Heine, daughter of Michael Heine, a
New Orleans hanker.
KICK BY MULE
IS WORTH $3800
ENID, Okla.. Jan. 30. A kick on tho
head by a mule was worth S3S00 to John
Allen, a farmer living near here. Imme
diately after Allen was operated on to
day for a. fracture of the skull, which tho
mulo'8 kick had Inflicted last Saturday,
he remembered whero ho had burled that
amont of money in the financial panic of
JD07.
Allen's memory was Impaired by nu
Injury ho received when hlu team ran
away and threw him out of a waon a
few days after ho had buried tho monej.
It was known that ho had withdrawn tho
money from a bank and sovoral persons
suspected of stealing Allen's hoard were
arrested, but nono "was convicted.
After the operation mado necessary by
the mule'a kick Allen recovered hla room-ory.
BILL RETURNED
AGAINST MELLEN
NEW YORK, Jan. 30. Charles S. Mel
lon, president of tho Now York, New
Haven & Hartford Railroad company: E,
J. Chamberlain and Alfred W. Smlthors,
president and chairman, respectively, of
the Grand Trunk railway of Canada, were
reindicted today by tho federal grand
Jury for violation of tho Sherman ajiti
trust law In an alleged monopolistic
agreement botween tho New Haven and
Grand Trunk roads.
The Indictments supersede those re
turned several weeks aj-o and attacked
by thc defense
J. E. Dalryniplc, vice president of the
Grand Trunk, and Benjamin Campbell,
vice president of tho New Haven, aro
named as alleged co-consplrators. but
wore not indicted because they obtained
Immunity by testifying before the grand
Jury.
FIREMEN IMPLICATED
IN THE "ARSON TRUST"
CHICAGO, Jan. 30. City firemen today
were Implicated aa members of the
"arson trust" by an officer who was In
terrogated nt tho stato's ntornoy's of
fice. According to tho Informant, firemen
were hired for a monetary consideration
to "tip off tho location of fires so that
the work of the Dublin fire Insurance ad
justers, who worked In conjunction with
'torch benrero" and other members of
the "trust" might be expedited. Nono
of the firemen has been accused of hav
ing participated In thc actual work of
firing buildings,
Suveral firemen will be Interrogated
by the state's attorney within thc nest
few-lavs, It wis -"aid tonight.
PROGRESSIVES
FIGHT HEIST
LIMITING TERM
Lively Debate in the Senate
Over. Constitutional Amend-
mcnt to Prevent Re-election
of a President.
RECALL PROPOSAL
OF BRISTOW FAILS
Candidacies of Wilson, Taft,
Bryan and Roosevelt Figure
in the Battle Through
. put the Day.
WASHINGTON". Jan. 30. Presi
dential tr-rnis ranging all the
way from two to .six years,
prohibitions aprainst, second
terms, cxfinplions that would affect
Koosevclt. Taft, and Wilson and pro
posals for I he recall and tbc direct pop- i
ular election of presidents wore thrust
into the senate in rapid succession in
the first day's consideration of tlio con
stitutional amendment, limiting a pres
ident to a single term of si years.
Tn a session filled with lively debute,
Senator JJristow's proposal that a
president could be recalled at any rey.
ular election was voted down, 5S to
JO, und Seual.or Ilokc Smith's amend
ment to mako thc single term four years
instead of six was defeated. 42 to -o.
Over a dozen amendment!-, were pending
when the senate 'pccssod loniglit. They
will be taken up tomorrow.
Would Exclude Roosevelt.
Senators Dixon and 1'oindevter, Pro
gressives; P.ristow. I'rogrcssive-licpub-lican,
and Lodge. Republican, led thc
fight against a restriction of the prcsi
dential term. Senator Williams, Demo
crat, proposed a four-year term, with
the privilege of one re-election, but his
amendment -was .so drawn as to prevent
Colonel Roosevelt from seeking another
election.
, The defeat of the I3ri?tow amendment
for recall of the president followed a
short debate m whirh Senator Brislow
urged that to make tlio federal admin
istration propcrl3" responsive to public
demand, tho people should have tho
right to chango tho president when
they change congross. The vote on the
recall amendment mustered ten votes
onlv in its favor, thc following senators
voting for it:
Bristow, Clapp, Dixon, Gronna and
Poindoxter. Progressives and Republic
ans; Ashurst, Marline. Owen, Porky
and Thomas, Democrats.
Borah Defends Taft.
Tho candidacies of Roosovelt, Wilson,
J3ryau aud Taft figured in the fight
throughout tho day. Senator Borah
said President Taft had not used tho
power of his offico for his own re
election in 1912 to any greater extent
than President Roosevelt had ,nsed it
in 1908 for tho election of Mr. Taft.
"Presidcut Roosovelt wanted .Mr.
Taft nominated bocause hu believed
Taft would carry out thc principles to
which tho Iloosevclfc administration
was dovotod," j-aid Scuator Bristow.
"A president who would not use every
ofl'ort to porpctnate hie politics would
not be worth his salt."
Senator Hitchcock asked if it was
not "genorully believed that Rooso
volt favored President Taft's nomina
tion in 1908. so that he himself might
bo a caudidnto in 1912.
"T know tho senator himself docs
not entertain such a thought' retorted
Senator Borah, ''so 1 ieol free to say
that such an idoa is the product of a
diseased mind."
Progressive Argument.
Senator Dixon's chargo that a single
six-year term was desirod chiofiy by
ambitious aspirants for tho presidency,
and tho declaration of Senators Bris
tow and Poindcxtcr that this proposed
limitation would be dostru,ctivo of
American principles of government,
made up tho burden of tho Progressive
fight against; tho resolution.
Senator Bristow declared thc peoplo
should bo irco to choose their own
president and to re-elect a prcsidout
when thoy bcliovod it wise. He do
clarod the constitution should include a
recall provision, so that when congress
is overthrown 'because an administra
tion is not .anUs factory the people alpo
could rocalitho presidont and establish
a new admiulal ration.
"Lincoln's Double" Dios.
WATERVJXjLD, Mo.. Jan. 30. Tho
Rev. Gcorgo Dana Boardmnn Popper,
former president of Colby college and
known as "Lincoln's double," died hero
today, aged SO years. Thc Rev. Mr. Pep
per boro a striking resemblance to tba
emancipator and In blr early days often
was mistaken for Lincoln. He was lHrn
la Ware, Mohh., and was widely known
as a throtoglan
w
CISSTRO DENIED
SSI TO
THISGOUNTRY
Secretary of Commerce and
Labor Nagel Upholds thc
Decision of Immigration
Authorities.
COURTS TO DECIDE
MATTER IN THE END
Judge' Holt Issues Writ of
Habeas Corpus Upon Re
quest of Counsel for
the Venezuelan.
WASriLNGTOX. Jan. 30. Cipriano
Castro, former president of Venezuela,
was loday denied adminsion lo I ho
United States as a visitor by Charles
Nagel, secretary of commerce and la
bor. The Venezuelan's unwavering re
fusal to answer the question whether,
while president of his country, ho was
a party to the killing of General Para
de., was thc cause of Secretary iN'ugcl 's
order for his deportation.
Tho cabinet minister sustained the
adverse report of thc immigration au
thoritics against Castro on tho ground
that his declination to auswer ' 1 may in
itself constitute an admission by con
duct" of thc commission of a felony.
The immigration law bars from cntry
anv person convicted of or admitting
the commission of a crime involving
moral turpitude, providing it is not
purely a political offense. The secre
tary held that tho murder of Pnradez
was not a purely political crime.
Further, the secretary declared that
an alieu was compelled to answer
"yes" or "no-'' to au' pertinent quos
tion regarding his admissibility. If
permitted to refuso ho maintaiuod that
''the immigration service might .iust as
well adjourn.
Source of Information.
The alleged information against Oas
tro was furnished the department of
commerce and labor by tho stale de
partment and Secretary Nagel, in his
decision, frankly admits that, but for
the state department 's action, Castro
probablj would havo boen nnmittcd
without question. "Cipriano Castro's
former position as president of Vene
zuela," ho added, "would, under ordi
nary circumstances, have furnished fur
ther inducement for such action.'-'
The immigration bureau, he declared,
had followed the same course in this
case as that pursued in an- othor where
official warning had been given regard
ing the character of an alien.
"It is charged officially," said Mr.
Nagel, "that Castro, while president of
Veuezuela and in full possession of the
authority of that state, directed the
killing of Pardee without trial or hear
ing of any kind, Paradez having boen
made a prisoner while eugaged in a re
volt against Castro."
Circumstances Proven.
The information that Castro ordered
the killing of the general, under these
circumstances, Mr. Nagel declares, to
be specific and confirmed by authenti
cated copies of original telegrams.
Tho secretary admitted that decisions
in extradition cases seem to hold that
snch a crime would bo political,
"although this has boon questioned by
high authority." Consideration, he
added, however, must bo given to thc
fact, that tho alleged offonso was not
committed by a person engaged in a
revolution ag'ainst constituted author
ity, but "by tho president of tho re
public in full coutrol of tho authority
of thc slate who denied the benefit of
the vtery law which ho was charged to
preserve." Also, the secretary pointed
out, that tho immigration law was
amended in 1903 eo ns .to exempt
offenses "purely political and not iu
volving moral turpitude.'
Nagel's Conclusion.
"t cannot assume." said Mr. Nagel,
"that any act. of violeuce, committed
by tho highest authority of the stale
duriug a disturbance in disregard of
constituted, authority must under nil
circumstances be regarded as puroly
political and not involving moral
turpitude. It such a conclusion were
to bo accoptod, then burning at the
stake or subjoctiug a victim to torture,
or indeed, any offonso committed by an
official in cha'go, wonld. satisfy the ex
ception, provided tho act is committed
during political oxcitemont and against
a participant."
Rogarding tho broader question as to
tho right of an alien to answer well
directed questions to determiuo his ad
missibility, the sccrotary holds that thc
recognition of that privilogo would re-
(Oontlnued on Pago Nine.) I
Dow Citric, brave RicK
field boy -who wdlinglv gave
144 nehes of his akin to save i II
little girTfl life.
SAVE 1MB ei
Victim of Explosion Will
.Probably Live as Result of
Heroic Sacrifice.
Special to 'Die Tribune.
RICH FIELD, Jan. 30. -As a result of
tho heroic sacrifice of HA square inches
of his skin by Dow Clark, thc only son
of S. G. Clark, to cover the terrible
burns received by Nancy Bird In a re
cent coal oil explosion,- the ac will
probably live. ' She Is the daughter of
Mr. and Mrs. Alfrod Bird. Her Httlo
brother, who was fatally burned in Ihc
eamo explosion, died.
When physicians attending the girl an
nounced that, skin grafting would be
necessary lo. save her life, many offers
were quickly made, Dow Clark being
amomr the first to offer to undergo tho
painful ordeaJ. He was finally selected
and thc operation performed. The doc
tors today say that thoy havo hopes that
the operation will be a. success and that
the girl will recover. Although suffcr
Intc considerable pain from tho loss of
so much skin, young Clark is In no Im
mediate danger.
WOULD PREVENT
INTERMARRIAGE
"Roddenbery of Georgia Makes
Hot Attack Upoa Law Allowing
Union oil Blacks aud "Whiles.
WAStll.VGTO.V, Jan. 30. Representa
tive .Roddenbery of Georgia, on the Hour
of tho house, today made another hot
attack upon Intermarriages of negroes and
whites, lie discussed the marriage of
George K. Thompson' of Chicago, a 42-ycar-old
negro, and Melon E. Hanson,
a 15-year-old white girl, an epileptic," at
Nlles, Mich., several weeks ago.
Mr. Koddcnbury declared that tho mar
riao ceremony was performed by Charles
Agcr. a "minister of thc gospel a white
minister nt that, who ought lo he tarred
and fealhorcd and put Into exile."
".My God!" shouted Mr. Roddenbery,
"that the Jaws of any civilized state
will permit a bestial brulo to have sanc
tioned by law his wedlock to ouch a
child! Thompson Is being held In the
county Jail pending thc outcome of thc
child's Injuries, lie la formally charged
with abduction.
"As abhorrent as mob law Is. men who
arc human can bo tempted beyond endur
ance. 1 appeal for the law of 6tatcs to
prevent these dangers and outrages."
GRAND DUKE TO
MARRY DANCER
Special Cable to Tho Tribune
ST. PETERSBURG. Jan. 30. Grand
Duke Andreas, youngest son of Grand
"Duke Vladimir, Iwh stortled the court
by Informing the cair of his Intention
of marrying1 tho famous dancer. Mathlldo
lCschosslnskaJa, who recently severed
her connection with tho Imperial ballet.
The marrlago Is considered by the
royal family as out of thc question and
tho grand duke's mother la reported to
havo threatened him with banishment.
Meanwhile the grand duke Is .preparing
to go abroad In order to carry out hlu
resolve.
JImc ICschcsalnakaJa, who when ap
pearing with thc Imperial ballet In .Lon
don, lived with great splendor at the
Savoy hotel, under tho grand duke's
protection. Is said to have received ncv
j oral offers of marriage from high personages.
Million-Dollar Blaze.
MERIDA. Mcrtlco. Jan. 30. Many busl
nesu houses and residences, as well as
the shops of tho United Ra!lwayn and
several warehouses, were destroyed by
fire today. Tbc loss Is estimated at close
to a million dollars.
JEWKES WILL I
GET INTEREST I
FR0ftn BANKS I
State Treasurer Makes
Arrangement Whereby jfl
Financial Institutions
Handling Public Funds
of the State Will Pay H
for the Privilege; Says
No Legislation Is Nec
essary. ACTION REPORTED I
TO THE GOVERNOR jfl
Under New Plan, Slight- H
ly in Excess of 2 Per S
Cent Will Be Paid on
Daily Balances; Rcve- jfl
nue From This Source fl
for Coming Year Esti- 11
mated at $20,000. l
KHAXGDMEMTS have bed H
l made by Stato Treasurer Jcssn
f- D. .Icwkcs to secure lor Iho
slate, interest on tho state H
funds deposited with various banks
throughout tho state. Whilo Iho ar l
Taugcmcnts havo not yet l)een com
pleted, all of the banks now having
stale funds on deposit, hare agreed to
pay tho state interest on these funde.
There is no law-now on. tho books
cmpoweri ug tho Btatc treasurer to eo
cure interest on stato funds. Tho con
stituticni makes thc treasurer tho sole
custodian of the public funds and ho i?
responsible under his bond for tho safe
keeping of tho funds. Ho may deposit ft
them where ho sees fit. Ilowover, he
is not permitted to draw for his own l.
use or benefit any interest or premium
because of the fact that ho hap the
power to select the bauks in which he il
shall make deposits. ' It'H
Stale Treasurer Jowkcs yesterday in
formod Governor Spry that all of the
banks in which ifunds have been dc ffl
poaitod havo agreed to "pay the slate i
interest on tho deposits. Mr. Jowke
takes tho position that no legislation i
necessary to secure tho interost on thc
funds on deposit and announces that he
will demonstrate this fact at once.
.Large Sum on Hand. l
The interest on thc stale funds, Mr tM
Jewkos believes., will be slightly in ex
cess of il per coni on daily balances
At present there is more than $'2tQ0Q.
000 in the stato treasury. At 3 per
cent tho interest ou this amouut would
bo $10,000 for a year. However, this H
money will bo checked out rapid lj
within the next few mouths. The ap H
propriatiou bill will authorise tho ex
punditnre of much of Ibis money. Tin'
beginning of tho state capitol con
atructiou will 1'uriiisU an ouUot o"
much of it. Some of the mouoy otr H
hand belongs to tho atato lund grant
fund, which will soou bo paid out. At (f
present the s,late has niorti money than H
at any time in its history. Within t
short time, howovor, tho amouait on WM
hand will bo much less than at present H
aud tho year'a interest will probably ffJ
bo less than .$20,000. . H
Soveral concessions now granted io
tho state by tho banks having on bond H
the state funds will probably cease :H
gratuities, and the statu will be forced
to pay for them in case the banks pa
the stato interest ou iho funds.
Details of the Plan. H
Tho state treasurer 13 roquiied b
law to furnish a bond of $710,000.
Tho premiums un this bond -would bo lM
very largo in case the lioud wero ec-
cured from a surety company. How tJ
ever, some of the lending baakors of 'M
the state have sigued the etnte trens
uror's bond -without cost to tho state
In order to reimburse these banker
for their risk it has been th,e custom or
state treasurers lo deposit stato funds
jin tho banks represented by these jM
! bankers. Mr. Juwkcs propa9os to fol
I low the usual custom with this respuc'
and to deduct from the interost due
the stato from these banks a pro rata H
of the premiums that would havo bur
charged for tho bond Jiad it born H
furnished by a surety company. JH
Heretofore, many of the deficits ot iM
the various sUate fuuds have beeu car !
riod by banks in which state funds ;H
(Continued on Pago Tvro. 9
11
