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k |? ? -i = ! :: (Efie :: :: i iBaahhrgton Ifteralb Published Every Morning in the Year by The Washington Herald Company, 425-437-439 Eleventh St. .Washington, D. C. J. E. Rice, President and General Manager. ' Phone: Main 3300?All Departments SUBSCRIPTION RATES?BY CARRIER I lu Washington and Vtrimly: Daily and Sunday, 1 Month, 40c; 1 Year, $4.80 < SUBSCRIPTION BY MAIL IN ADVANCE j Daily and Sunday, 1 Month, 50c; 1 Year, $5X>0 Daily Only, 1 Month. 4bc; 1 Year, $3.50 Member of the Audit Bureau of Circulations i THURSDAY AUGUST 35, 1931. ! ; I The Fourth Amendment. A CORRESPONDENT takes The Herald to task as "holding very lightly" the Fourth amendment to the Constitution. He ! thoughtfully recommends that we "take a coursc in elementary law bciorc again attempting to construe the Constitution." Yet this comes after this statement: "As a matter oi law and fact, except as it is Incorporated in the constitutions of the individual ~~ States, the Fourth amendment is binding only upon national legislature and tlic Federal judiciary." fill's >ounds like a rather extreme statement of State's right?. It would indicate that States in their il. t-on?ti tut ions and laws are at liberty to wholly dis{" regard the Constitution of the United States. If .! tlti< is so, we arc led to wonder why it is that State '1' courts hold provisions of the national constitution ;is superior to and controlling where there is conflict in State constitutions or State laws? If the Fcdoral Constitution is the supreme law of the land, it would seem even to the novice, who claims 110 knowledge of elementary law, that it must be the !!, supreme law of the States. A complainant who claims the violation of a right conferred by the Fedrral Constitution can go into the Federal courts, ' S.ut does he have to do so? Is there no such tiling w Known as an appeal from State courts to the Federal Supreme Court in ca'ses involving such Constitutiio:ial rights' The Herald does not hold any Constitutional ngSt lightly. But men have lived to see a civil Jy*ar necessary to settle some of them and the Supreme Court construe others. Such words as "reasonable" and "unreasonable" seem to depend upon conditions surrounding each case and as | .a?lly capable of exact dehnition in any case. Hi A^1?en automobiles are stopped in succession on a !ii highway and searched without warrant for each or any of them, it is possible a court might consider such conditions. As example whether or not the police had sutticicnt evidence that one would pass that way in which would be found bootleg liquor, or game shot out of season, or iish caught out of season, or ! hunters with their guns out of hunting season; or 1 thieves with their loot, or a wife deserter, or any other class of criminal. Such cases occur every day. The city detectives, without warrants, meet trains ' looking for suspects. There is not a day in New j 1. Yorlf City when men and vehicles arc not searched | iji without warrant, but no paper of that city makes | a iuss about it. They want it done for protection to property, incidentally to their property. On the other hand there are very many court decisions dealing with the Fourth amendment, in 1 mt brought for search without warrant showing that this is not a new question or one arising only | out of the Volstead law. Nor is the Fourth the only amendment with a dubious word demanding construction. Just what is "excessive bail;" what is an "excessive line"?Judge Landis oncc thought $29,000,000 permissible?just what sort of a law "abridges the privileges or immunities" of citizens in States; what docs "from whatever source derived" mean as to incomes subject to tax? There are a lot of them, even to freedom of speech and of the press. The Fourth does not stand'alone j I as some Senators and our correspond nt -r o.i 10 | think in the righteousness of theii wrath as demanding their spiritual devotion. The only thing which disturbs the usual equa- j nimity and comparative indifference of The Herald, !, *is why the Fourth amendment must be made to apply so cxtra-rigorously and with supcrscruplousness only as to bootleggers? Many a home has !, been entered and many a door kicked in by a ruth- i ' ' * loss police boot because of what it w as believed - ' would be found within the house or back of the door. There was 110 warrant and the reasonableness or unreasonableness in each ease depended ;|tipon what was found and how much basis there itiiiWas for action. But no voice has been raised in 'jj'jthe Senate in protest because of such acts and columns have not been tilled in the daily press as t >to the sacrcdness of the Fourth amendment. Strangely enough, also, Virginia, referred to by our correspondent, ratified the Constitution in 1788 while the Fourth amendment was not proposed until the following year and did not ly come a part j of the Constitution until 1791. Yet not having had ' |!!!"a course in elementary law, we continue to wonder ! ' 'at the sudden solicitude for this amendment just at i n'.ithis time. It would seem that Senatorial thirst, or "anxiety for the thirsty, rather than devotion to the Constitution, was the inspiring cause. It will soon be time for the thrifty man to mm. decide what he will do with that straw hat. ')? Mill 1 r A Sliding Salary Scale. X CONDEMNING the extravagance of the former administration, this cannot be made to 'reach to the holdover employes. The extravagance tut swas at least outside their salaries and indeed ont"!*ide the established departments save as a continu""'ing condition of a surplus of employes and of petty >tii wastes. There is an interesting tabic of coinpara? tive costs in civil expenditures and the increase in "" -the cost of living, prepared by Dr. Wolf, of the mm .Bureau of Standards. It was used by Dr. Irving j'! Fisher in his testimony at the hearing on reclassification of salaries. j*,; It shows that while civil expenditures jumped from $207,000,000 in 1910 to $366,500,000 in I'n 4930. this was an increase of 160.5 Per cent, while ihe cost at wholesale of the usual commodity list, increased 243.1 per cent and the cost of living 196.9 ml tier cent. The shrinkage in the purchasing power jjj! af salaries was given by Dr. Fisher as 50 per cent jjjj let^een 1914 and' 1920. On a $3,000 salary during 11 tlio#c years,, the decrease of purchasing power represents $7,026. j!' J During the war this government began a great mary war activities and while some of these were Jitta|Ticd to existing departments many were unattached. Salaries for new employes had to be made to fit the market, but the only relief the old ?-mp]s3'rs got was a bonus which did not come 1 1 _! within over 10 per cent of equalizing increased costs. I Nor have salaries yet been 40 adjusted as not to make the government) especially in the divisions requiring special training aod-expert ability, the most unfair and penurious employer in this country. As a consequence, it is losing and has lost many of its most valu^}>le men. It has kept only those who have long been in the treadmill, or who have families and dare not venture to break-away from a sure thing. Vo one, not living in Washington, and even few here, can begin to appreciate the hardships and near penury endured by hundreds of families because of this reduced purchasing power of salaries. Dr. Fisher made a suggestion that would seem | ' wise and worthy of adoption. It was that all sal- ; aries, after being fixed on a fair basis in ratio to ( the cost of living, be left for readjustment from , time to time on the basis of the cost of living, or ( the purchasing power of the dollar. This is what , Great Britain did as to wages during the war. It is what we failed to do. If government salaries were fixed on a sliding scale as to merit, efficiency 1 and experience, length of service being but one factor, and were also made adjustable to the pur- < chasing power of the dollar, there would be a new 1 inducement for young people, not only to enter the 1 public service, but to stay in it. ' As it is. fathers caught between the millstones, ' warn their sons and daughters against public service and governmnt employment, save maybe, a , post graduate course, for a year or two, in a specialty. Also the labor turnover in the Federal 1 service is a mounting expense quite equal, probably, j though hidden, to what would be the increase neccs- I sary to pay a really living salary. Whose Is the Profit. IN ONE sense the Federation of Labor is right ' that the rich will profit by the repeal of the ] excess profits tax and the excessive surtaxes on in- 1 conies. But as to excess profits, not only the rich, 1 but a great many below that economic class, will | profit. This tax was not wholly a respecter of the 1 persons of any successful business men. It took a J piece of the skin from all of them. Nor did it stop there, for it took a pinch Viff ' the backs of every one who eats food, wears clothes ( and lives in houses. This tax was passed along I with an increase. Repeal will take away the ex- J cuse for this and the extra profits made through it 1 will soon disappear For a time the repeal will 1 add to the incomes of those in business; not the i rich alone but all of them. And this is all it will profit them. Then the profit will come to the ordi- 1 nary man whose dollar will buy more. It will be J but an incident in the process of readjustment. I It happens that it is not alone the rich who pay ' taxes. Also, those who pay them may collect from j others more than, they pay. So ultimately every- 1 one pays them. It is impossible to confine taxes J merely to the rich. It is just as impossible to take t from the profiteer his extra gains. It is nice to talk ' about this. It forms several luscious mouthfuls of seeming equity. But as the old man said of some- ] thing else: "It can't be did." Under any known ^ system of business, under any known social organ- J ization, it is impossible. It is a process of dis- t crimination which is beyond taxing powers, or leg- 1 islative ability. Income surtaxes apply only to the superrich. 1 But here, also, their repeal will not alone profit ] those who pay them. Much of them have been 15 passed along in one way or the other, while it is I 1 not a theory but an actual condition, that capital is I ] not permitted to lie idle. It always seeks invest- j 1 mcnt. Investment, no matter of what nature, always | results in employment. In this country there is no such thing as the rich growing richer while the 1 poor grow poorer. < It is not even true that weatth grows more ] concentrated in the few hands. If the war has ' made hundreds or thousands of new millionaires, ' just so far there has been a redistribution of wealth, , and merely the number of automobiles is equal cvi- 1 dence of the still wider distribution of wealth. As ] a fact no other country has so even a wealth dis- t trihution as the United States. It is equally true I' that the levelling has been continuous for many years and is continuing. It will increasingly con- I tinue as thrift increases its grip upon our lives. ' The federation's pronunciamento is one of those \ reining truths; a sort of surface truth which is only ' kin deep. ? , ' 1 Model of Brevity. J IF CONGRESS is desirous of simplicity and ] conciseness in the to-be-passed revenue and tariff bills these can be found in a measure intro- j duccd on request by Senator King. It contains, in | but thirty-two printed pages, a complete revenue and tariff bill. It is like condensing the Ten Commandments on one side of a calling card. With it went a statement, explanatory and argumentative, by Samuel Russell who may be, therefore, credited as the author of the bill. Mr. Russell is a Utah attorney and an expert on legislation. To say the least, his bill js interest- J ing. It fiann s an income tax based on 2 mills on ! $1, and "the square of the base so ascertained" is made the tax. There are the usual exemptions. But ' if a man had a $1,000 taxible income, his tax would be $2. If the amount to be taxed was $5,000 the tax would be $2 oij each $1,000 squared, or ten times ! $10 equalling $100. This increase continues to I taxable incomes of $125,000, where the tax would be $62,500 or just 50 per cent and 50 per cent is ] then made the maximum for all fiicomes above < $125,000. ' ! In the same way $1 or more could, of course, 1 be made the base and the square used to compute ' the tax rate up to any desired percentage which { would then bccomc the rate for higher incomes. 1 Certainly this is simple and ingenuous. There is < also given simple methods of computing other than personal incomes. J Turning to tariffs Mr. Russell would levy a flat ad valorem duty of 30 per cent on all imports j except a specified free list, with double duty on 1 specified luxuries. Being, seemingly, a believer in ' "tariff for revenue only" as well as for protection , there is a long list of specific duties. Rather of an 3 oddity is an inheritance tax, called a "duty on distributions" using the same "base" system as with personal income tax, and a "duty on credits," levied ' on all debts created, but to be paid by the debtor 1 at the time of the collection of the debt, instead of ' by the creditor when the debt is made. 1 As a whole the bill is novel; it is original as to 1 dimensions and in all its features. It may, prob- ' ably will, be treated as a "freak," but it is worth 1 the reading and experts might find it worth study. ' New ideas ?re not so common and sometimes they 1 prove to have merit. Not the least of its merit* in 1 novelty is its brevity as compared to the'Fordney ' revenoe bill of eighty-three pages all amendments to be unscrambled and applied to the present law and 1 the Fordney tariff of 338 page,. This is a total I of +21 pages as compared to Mr. Russell's thirtytwo luges. I I A NEW TORK. Auk ??.?Mogt or us who arc fed to New York from the country town* hare the proletarlat's tradition of wealth. Dowigers registering ill-bred hauteur, with black sequins and with lor-| inettes. Butlers In powdered wigs j ind plush short pants *lth ?llT" i buckles. A Hock of polo ponies. Moated castles along the Hudson ind Palm Beach villas. My first disillusionment came one evening when I passed a mansion on Park avenue. There is no entrance from the street save for those who :ome In motors and drive into the little courtyard. I imagined the :>wner and his wife, dining at the opposite endg ot a twelve-foot table lurrounded by Louis XV florescence. A half hour later I saw them lining st a marble-topped tsble at i Child's restaurant. The truly rich an do such things wltfcout the lift- i ng of an eyebrow. New York's, (how and pomp come from the so-j *lal muckers who are trying ruthlessly to beat down social barriers ind attain the heights. Headwaiter* say that the gilded afes would close if they depended jpon the real wealth of the town j Tor patronage. It comes from the j new rich and social neophyte. There is a story of a Bronx wife whose lusband made a killing In Wall Street. After visiting a Fifth avenue hotel she went home and cut >ff her dining room between meals* iy a red rope cord. It in a fsct that while many are trying to show their Cartier pearls it a Maeterlinck play, the cream of Lhe social register is shrieking with j toy at Charlie Chaplin. It is an old .ale but a true one of a Tammany politician's wife, suddenly plunged j nto wealth, saying: "I don't believe n movies for the children, but I am going to take my kiddies iP see 'The Doll's House." Fierpont Morgan does not bowl uptown at noon to lunch at Delnonico's or Sherry's. When he does not send out for a sandwich he unches In a plain little restaurant j >n Nassau street with one-armed ( hairs. The social climber gives, *ew York its meretricious bril-j lancy. The vulgarian spender Imparts to the town its razsle-daxzle. Whatever may be said of those born 0 wealth, at least they do not make 1 show of themselves In spending It. Ben Pe r'agaeres. the former >rinter who has become one of Newt fork's literary lions, declare* that J iterarv genius is now divided Into wo classes?those who write for he movies and those who write advertisements. He says: "Today tome of the best written mstter that s printed in America introduces a iew shoe a tooth paste, a new automobile tire, a new alarm clock, or i rubber heel." It is true that >oets. essayists and short-story j ivriters are flocking into advert'sng offices?and many have moved from the Mills Hotel to the St Regis. There is an undercurrent of inpigtence among New York music j overs for an American-horn tenor to succeed Caruso at the MefoX?1!tan. There Is no disputing that the foreign-born have been given he preference for years. Frankly, :he idea Is that they are greater 1 rawing cards, whi^h is manifestly infair to Americans who support he opera. Of course. Caruso made lis own place and filled it credit-, ibly, hut he was given his chance, md that chance is denied American lingers In many Instances. When the revenue officers find any llegally held whisky it is amusing} the way New York newspapers list he find. They speak of Hsig and ffslg. Gordon Gin. and Black and j White with reckless disregard of free advertising.** New York edi-^ ors have found that people like to^ (now what brand was confiscated ind they want it named. What rreat advertising it would have >een in the days before prohibition. >ut row it means nothing. IsPN What the Stars indicate j>\ I THURSDAY. Al'Ol'ST M. ??*? Again an unusually lucky dayj ias dawned, according to astrology.; Neptune, Jupiter and Saturn are all j In beneflc aspect. There Is a sign that promises ualmer Judgment on questions af-j tectinK the people than has been j encouraged in recent aspects of the stars. 1 Neptune in friendly sway seems ;o indicate the spread of saner ideas jn many problems affecting tho e%?ryday life of the people, and this ilndly Influence may oven reach the nlnd of women who wear Immodest Nothing. Jupiter presages increase of foreign trade and revival of many lines of business. Saturn in beneflc power is read is auguring a big movement back, to the land. Many colonisation] ichemes will Oc tried and 8UC' ess seems to be foreshadowed. Group effsrt that is wise co-o?eralon is to become rnoiv popular this ear than ever before. The conjunction of Mars and Nep- j tune, which falls on this day. Is | interpreted to be an <?men of re-1 ig!ous scandals, strikes in rhlp>lng Industries and a prolongation ;t hest Earthquakes arc prognosticated or the South of Europe, and there arill be many elsctrlcal storms iate n the autmun. With the waning of summer, outbreaks of epidemics, especially feirers. shouid be guarded against. Rumania Is to bo seriously disturbed before the new year for 4ars entering L?eo will have a slnster effect on this country. Fersons Whose birthdate It 1ft may >e too susceptible to romance in he coming year. Business and Insnclul affuirs should be satlsfacory. Children born on this day have he forecast of success an4, prosterlty. Girls may marry unhappily. HELPING FATHER. (0??rti?tin iwii ?r tw ou.sg. Tilt?> > WHAT5 POP*** 1 ivf.. . r,rf.,n -fat? >HI|ri prfct ' t P< I /-* y Awrlini, a ' * DRAW NELFPH POPP if | fable*#* ntmrmM tm dm By whack tamm at t Letters to 1 ]?s^53M>:tSk?^>' Tba Harm.ld kti f?ud tkat Mrtaia writer# aifa ftctltiani aamea na tkair wn. la a fiv IbiUbmi wa And tk?? bar* itav*4 car nottoa. Wa will i aftai .'aqulre mat only the Bam* but tka - l.-aotaiy addraaa. Tka Opaa Oaart ?uat not U abaaad. It U far fair. Uaparkoaal, InfarmatWa dlacaaaiaa aad atatamaat af opinion. ing according to "ability to pay." because ita sponsors have dimly begun to realize that ability t?> pay most of our Federal taxes is accompanied also by the "ability to pass on" the taxes to the defenseless consumer. But there is no ad- j vance toward the Just basis of tax- ^ ation?although some little relief in application?in shifting from "abil-; 1 ity to pay* to a method based on inability to avoid paying" without ' suffering starvation. And there will be no arrival at the basic principle of Just taxation until both these hold-up methods are dropped for once and all and i the government begins to collect , its bills on the one Just basis?the basis that exists In every other j business?of levying charges according to services rendered. "That is impossible to determine,'* you may say. I will answer that an exact measurement of the value , of services governments render can always be found in site values? j land values according to location in respect to governmental service? and governmental protection, the ; things which make up the cost of ! government. This is a basis on 'which to levy taxes the Justice of which has been recognized by every able economist since Adam Smith; i the Justice of which has never been 1 controverted. This tax is collected now?but it is collected In rents and profits from values created solely by gov- j ernment. Let the government collect this tax and It can pay all Its current bills, settle its national debt, put more than 7 per cent of j Its income into construction and less than *3 per cent Into destruction? j and at the same time drop Its blacklack taxation of those who have the ."ability to pay." (who are worth j robbing). and those who aufTer from the "inability to avoid paying" (who . an't rob someone else to recoup i their losses). j Let the government collect this , tax. The ultimate consumer will 1 pay. of course, but he will pay In accordance with what he receives: jand he won't pay twice as he does now?once to the government and j once to the owners of the earth, who have a little sales tax of their own that only a disembodied spirit can oscape under present laws. GEORGE G*. COLLINS j Washington. Defends Proper Education. To the Editor. The W..hi??ton BmM: i Again Mr IJvesey comes forward I with the old-time laisses-fair philr.iu.phy of Herbert Spencer and | John Stuart Mill. The TownerI Sterling bill Is one of the most forward pieces of legislation ever proposed bv Congress in the history of America. Mr. Uveseys view, appear to be based upon an erroneous conception of the working of the mind force in nature. The views expressed by him contain Just auch reasoning as that which caused the wcial philosophy of Herbert Spencer to be static and sterile rather -than dynamic and progressive. Human progress consists of man's organization and utilisation of the materials and forces of nature. The material and forces of nature can usually be organised and utilised by man to his advantage. In proportion to his understanding of them. They are neither good nor bad. am man's control and power over them arc only limited by hla knowledge of their laws. This necessary knowledge can only be acquired through the proper kind of education. By this we do not mean such training as will enable an individual to pass the Edison test, nor do we confine ourselves to : the classics or mathematics. M hat ' is needed by each and every person lis such mental development as will enable him to so direct the forces iof nature to cause them to do Ithings that would not otherwise be 2, I 1' * ' f. 'Jr ' . \ - *i - NOW TO OOAW A . PONOS*OO3 CAWfcow OH W$A*MAM*MT " Ht ataft* * Wraan tmrimmt < * DRAW AH AUTOMOBILE, POPPY" /he cartoon no? ton; tidUcfntl trngt?Um it ofrnf. " TX?avj A DOG, POPPY" AnW * !< anotkaw ? kmrnm* ' e?r<oo?. Fourth Amendment. To the Editor, The Wlihlaftoo Urrtld In an editorial on the 22d inat., entitled -Why Diacriminate." I think you make rather a apecloua argument about the Fourth amendment and It ia quite apparent that I he article na a whole erroneoualy obscures the real reaaon for the Senate'* attitude on the "beer bill.** It la evident you hold very lightly the Fourth amendment. On th- contrary I have great respect for It. What would have been the fatt of the Eighteenth amendment. if when it was initiated In Congress it had contained a proviso revoking the Fourth amendment? If the first ten amendments (BUI of Riehtsl had not been prmised to the States after the Constitution was framed by the fathers. and later the Fourth amendment was stricken out. would Virginia have ratified the Constitution? There were some mental giants In the Virginia constitutional convention and the battle was long and fierce. It required till the skill of such resourceful and profound minds as James Mad'son and John Marshall to muster a meager majority of eight votes on a final ballot for ratification. If Virginia had failed to ratify In 17KR there would have been no Constitution and probably no T'nited States of America. I think you are in error in the construction "unreasonable searches and selaures.** I infer from the language of your editorial that a search and seixure is perfectly lawful if "reasonable." even without warrant. If It could be depended that a search and seizure would always be reasonable there would be no necessity for the constitutional provision. The requirement of a warrant is n condition precedent to n search and seizure. Hecause the supreme law of the land Is violated In many instances Is a very poor excuse for holding It In contempt. As a matter of law and fact, except as it "la incorporated in the constitutions of the individual States, the Four tit amendment is binding onlv upou 'oe national legislature and the leflcral Judiciary. There Is a wide distinction between the right to protection guaranteed under the Fourth amendment. and the instances where It is perfectly lawful to arrest a person without a warrant: or even Intrude upon a dwelling-house to apprehend a felon, to arrest one who Is In hiding, take a traitor or even one guilty of a breach of the peace. It is by just such gradual ana stealthy encroachments upon the rights reserved to <he States or to the people, and infractions upon tu? reatrictions placed upon the Federal government, and which you would seem to Justify. that a nation or free mer. may. in the future, be reduced to a race of slaves. _ I recommend that your editorial writer take a course in elementary law before he again attempts to con8true the Constitution. chari.es o. pif.rci,. Phoebus, Va. Sales Taxes and Others. To the B4!lor. The Wellington He-raid A tax on retail sales to the ultimate consumer would he a great forward atep In Federal taxation. At tile same time It would he as far removed from juatice In principle aa th.. taxes it would aupplant. It is a great forward step because it would bring the preaent taxation of the ultimate conaumer out Into the open, where he would know he was paying the bill. He pays now, and pays It t|irlce over through the pyramided charges taken by Uncle Sam's Involuntary tax collectora?bu*. demagogs and ignorant men have made him believe he doesn't. It would still be far removed from exact Justice in taxation because it is based, like every other Fodcral levy except the Inheritance tax. on the footpad ethics of "Betting it A'hcrever the getting is easiest.' It marks an abandonment, thank heaven, of the vicious theory of taxi 1*AT. r ' ,hm ftAW ANOTWeC #?PY i-?W ?,|H(IM. < A ^NT/ * u 4mmMm4 te ckmn,. tk. r^fl, ? < * a atW? ?/ ,rt,?(j^ Gone. Indeed, so benighted an many persons that they are unabl. to Ih< ?d vantage, which ccul< be secured by them with a bettei 111te.lert.jal training The darknes, these persons Is, horn ever, no ar rument aralnst giving them the op portumty for higher culture. Indeed rbe Intellect of the majority of man Kind I, ,Uch that foresght bt other. |? necessary for their ber intercut JOHN W BADDV. Wants Streets Repaved. To th? Editor. The Wtthlaftos Herald A city whi.h ia the . apital of j great republic, the mecca of tour Vortkth< c?nnectlng city of th North and bouth. and which ha been lauded far and near for It beauty and cleanliness, should no neglect the paving of Its street! Especially ia this true when th "ru r""--""1 "r*nMr ?h* K*?c utite offices. or are the direct ap proaches into the city. I write o our own city. Washington. In thl instance the street? In question ar wen known to most motorists, be ing Fourteenth street, from B stree southwest to B Street northwest. 1 nor'hwrsl ?hr,.ugh to Seven ,7T\ " florists passim " vl"i,in? "<" dty mo. ??. k - "s" Fourt*'nth street t il?I " " " not * pit> th? Ih T!1 *qu4r's of rough cobbieston should ;rreet the incoming autoist B street, connecting Tenth an !? unsighth >' and llt"? used because of it rough. antique cobblestones would suggest that our able com w .*v"n7' do a little -good road r.oU-. .1 "" Wl,hln"on a., replace those cobblestone, with T' r"?? sur,wl"':- T?>is 1 kno, ?ould be greatly appreciated bv th general public, especially by thos who despite it? uncomfortablenes must use the above mentioned road wa>s. Don't you think so? 'AS. WEBB. C OMMUXISTSSEE POWER WEAKENINi BERLIN. Aug 24?Speaking b? fore the Communistic convention j Jena. Delegate Henrlch. from C< logne. declared the time was ar proaching when Germany could r longer fulUII the terms of the a Ued reparations ultimatum. He ad Vised the Reds to mobilise the ret olutlonary proletariat against sue a day. Delegate Maltsahn. a prom nent Berlin radical, openly eaia crisis had arisen in Commftnist! affairs and that the party woul not succeed if It continued to pr< cecd upon lines hitherto estal lished. Frau 'W agner held that ?c< ir.mo?lky 'I' 1,f* *nd stru, foon communists wta comin ..J';* "*,h.olf ??? of the session Ir dicates that Communism la collar wrfn?r?re und more !? German Meantime the Monarchists are b< coming more active, as shown b a meeting of so-called front flghi rs at the Stadium Wednesdav afi ernoon at which Von Hinde'nbur and other prominent pan-Germar poke. CRASH FATAL TO 2 GIRLS AND PARENT, CLEVELAND. Aug. it.?Two at ?*?d. two will die and one Is s< rfousy Injured aa the reault of "*w Tork Central passenger tral striking an automobile near Wll loughby late today. Two daughters of Mr. and Mrs. , J. Chasen, of Parkersburg. W. Va were killed Instantly. Chasen an his wife will die. Roy C. Uhl was seriously injure but will recover. Dr. Walter Xernst. prominentl identified with Germany's develop ment of chemical warfare durin tha w^r. has been appointed rect< of tha University Of Berlin. UK.AM HfriMTM RRkKiKH AYK* MILLIOM KARL1. American creameries are indebted to the laboratory work of a ual- I jveraity professor for tho machine , which ha* enabled them to save milions of dollar* yearly in separating cream from milk, accbrding to the Engineering Foundation, which, with the National Research Council end other acencies. ia organising * industrial research on a nationwide * 'ale. The invention of this machine vu another striking illustra- ^ tion of laboratory researches car ried on with no Immediate motive other than the discovering of the law* of nature resulting In Inventions of priceles value to this countT. ?ays the statement of the Foundation issued from its national headquarters. 21 Went Thirty-ninth i Street. New York city. I "The Immediate suggestion of the valuable Invention of the centriJfugal creamer came from teaching |and laboratory research which had ibeen undertaken to extend the j knowledge of centrifugal action.** .the Foundation's statement aald. aiding that this, coupled with elofe 'observation and an understanding of the needs of the arts and indusj tries, is what often leads to important advances. "Engineering endowments are needed to under' tske just such useful researches as | this which do not promise profits of the order which tempt industrisl ! corporations to pursue them, those | researches which should be made .urder the auspices of disinterested ' parties, and rhoee which do not ccme within the provinces of the governmental bureaus." "In UTS while teaching In the Central Hirh *chol rrf Philadelphia. Professor Eiihu Thomson had beer ) using before his classes the whirlinr machines and models, common in _ cabinets of philosophical apparatus ^ jfor illustrating 'the central forces*" It he statement add*. "He had been itelling hi* classes of the applications in the steam engine governor, centrifugal dr>inj? machines used in laundries, and fhe centrifugal draining machines used in sugar reflner"While whirling a vessel containing a liquid in which there was a sediment, he sss struck with the promptness with which the scdijment settled to the outside of the ; vessel. snd it occurred to him that the applications of the phenomens of centrifugal force might be considerably extended, as 1n the celarina of clsyey or muddy liquids. ?r * liquids havlnsr materials In susp*-n* sion: the separation of fluids of i difTerent densities, especialy the re r moval of cream from milk, which, of > course, was carried out on a large * seale by other methods With Profe? sor E. J. Houston, who assisted. . *t w*as believed that If a continu ous'y operating machine could be r devised for sepsration, especially ?-f | 1 rresm from milk, n notable step it advance would be msde. Such a ma ? chine m-ould involve the feeding inr . of the milk m-h'le the mschine was J ;kept at hich speed, and the de- d livery of cream and the skimmed milk from separate outlets. 1 "Experiments were carried on i energetically with special app.'i- I e rat us During these eperim.nts B the form of centrifuge now so cos.1 tnon in physiological laboratory* 1 for the separation of bacteria from 1 cultures and for other cuneentrae tU ns. was invented This type of apparatus found application throuah " a friend of the inventor to the concentration of photographic emu' * slons. e "The development of this tvpe of centrifuge ^ as hoeevsr. Incidental .* only to the further and greater at?plication for cream separation. In the meantime inventions which had B before then been made in this parlt ticular Held were l**oked up care? fully: no example was found 1 r.f any such machine having been * produced, which could be kept maJ nir.a at stea.lv speed. revive a J stream of liquid, such as milk, and ' del'vec the streams of seperated 8 materials such a* cream and ' skimmed m'lk ' "When the inventors ideas were * sufficiently crystalired they were ^ d mad* the sublet of an application a for patent, which was finally issued. K after a contest in the Patent Office | e under the title Centrifugal Cream* ef dated April 5. 1**1 One of * the contestants in the Patent Of*? * i was the famous engineer. De Uvel. Who had before this period de Iveloped and patented an mterm.t!tent tvpe of centrifugal creamer, in which the machine was stopped be- . n tween chat a? * and the charge re* moved before the reception of another. >- -p^ Travel r-pparently made toe it same invention Independently later , ,?d m arr'vlnc for patent found that Thomson A Hou.ton wore ahead This remlted in hts concedin* IO oriorltv ?A these liWiMtf. and a I. combination of interest* fallowed which led to the production ..<4 exploit.tion on a larre ' ale of r- the earliest type* of centrlfuaral h separator* used in creameries The . centrifucal type of creamer Is no? (considered an essential I" e\ery a i dairv and creamery" lc] j1 VII II Fl.n*F.* M'lETt TtKKf r**H. THir. , The Washington Chapter of the -jtVild Flower Preservation Society i-!of America took a field irip on r. Sunday alonr the toupath of the ? Choap.ake an1 Ohio " ins from .ieorcetomn and .?? > * ? ( ,.j Chain nridire. Mary ' wild were eee?. . . the rare s?an,p l*?~ti.f-. ? ' J * J with purple flowera in the a\ita of ' the leave*; the water ?tar eras*. ? plant with crasa-llkc l?av*? ' jgrow beneath the *urf?'< of tn? '" mater, and tiny yellow ,-tarry flow* era which extend JuM ?>??*? ?> '? water: and beautiful colonic, of th? i blue-flowered pickerel weed, the i 'pink and white marahmallowa an a 'other water plan*. S *?*IX l ?K* *CTTO> OX HOi.AS H ACH mi.t. The patent committee of the '"l American Engineering Council naa ai attain urced Con?re?? und 1 * " n member* intere?ted in the Nolan I- waRe bill to rive thi. measure *p?- ( clal statu, ao that (t can be eon ' aldered before recce, the American Engineering Council ha. announced, d The Nolan salary bill haa been promised priority, but It appears d doubtful if even the lesialatlee priority calendar will P'-rmlt its immediate coniwjerstion. W. W I y Brown, chairman of the Joint Com >- mitteo en ReoritaniMtion. haa an- i ? proved the l.ilt and recommend* tta >r Immediate pabsase. * D. ^ * j