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5' ljf' VOJL. XXX-NEW SKI IK VOL. IV nriiLiNfiTuN, FRIDAY, MA IK MI NI'MBKH TillJiTY KlffHT .11) H.jS. P 0 E THY. iiintokv or i,i ri:. r-r IlAUHl oil w Jll I.. II ir diwnM t 1 1 it 1 cuttiin I r en. Filled lo fnfntncss nilh piTtuiuc. A Udy lay at point of docm. Day clois 1 A child had th llht Hut for Ih p bidr filt and bright 'ho re-ted In iindroiuiiln; iii,i1it. prln? Mm". The M.v's RtKro was green, .Ind nar It oftentimes a -con gtite Iimv, with thoughtful mien. nr fled Ho wort n munly fur" And jtrtiglcfl in the wrMVri;;h r.vs. vnd wen, at In t, a lMty plneo. nd then lir died Dehotd l.efre 'e Humanity'? hrief -am and Mory- - Life, I'entli, and hU there l of ntoitr lll'IIM.KiTON : lTilHAY .MOIIMXH, JIAKCII H, 1',. -rnneii or .11 it. si:vaim, On Ihr Km H'll, in thr ,V, Smnlt, Mirrh VI. Mn I'REitnFAT Fight years ago. vvoslevv the Wilmot Proviso in thu Senate Chamber, and mined it with triumphant demonstra tions unuer me uoors 01 the wa ntol. l our year later, wo exploded altogether the time honored system of governing thu Territnric by Federal rule and regulations, anil iuli. i"hcd ami proclaimed in it" stead a new g.i- p"l ot piijiiil.ir sovereignty, wine" vvav, like those nl widoin, were tu l' r,ij (if .If :t nntticss, und all of whne intli were sup posed to h" flowery path nl jicaco. Never theless, the question whether then) shall b Slavery nr mi Slavery in tin- Territories, i i agatn the stirring us,"ag." of tin- (lav, The rctle Proviso Ins hunt the cerements (if the grav, and striking hands hen in tmr ry presence with the gentle spirit of popu lar sovereignty run mad, iecn rapine; free Iv in our halls, scattering ili-may among the Administration benches in both" Iloiics of Congress. Thiisnn old unwelcome lesson i read to u anew. The question of Slavery in the Federal Territories, which aro the nur"e ric" of future St ite, independently ofall its moral and humane elements, involves a dv naslical struggle nf two antagnnisticnl sys tems, the labir of slave and the labor of freemen, for mastery in the Feileral Union. One of these system' partake" of nn arilo cratic elnracter the other i imrcly ileino erntie, V.ach one nf the rxiting States ha Ptnked, or it will ultimately stake, not only if internal welfare, lmt uNo it" influence in the Federal council", on the deciion of that contcat. Such a (truckle ii not to he arretted rpielled or reconciled, liy temtKirary expedient" or rnmpromi"es. .Mr. President, 1 alw.ivsenae reluctantly in thee dicii'-iun, which awaken jmsvinn ju"t in the degree that their importance de m indi the impartial umpiragouf reason. Thi" reluctance deepens now, when I look around mo and count the ahlo contetants who have newly entered the lUta on either side, and "badowy forms of manj- preat and honored statesmen who once were eloquent in the"-' 'li"putes, hut whose tongues liao since he 'oiuestrinj;le5s intrument,rise up before inc. It is however, a maxim in military science, that in preparation for war, everyone should think a if the last eient depended on hi" roiin-el, and in every grea battle isicli one should fiht a if lie were the only champion. The principle, perhaps, iseipially sound in po litical affairs. If it be possible, fshall perform my present duty in such n way as to wound no just sensibilities. I must, however, review the action of I'rcidents, Senates and Con prcssc., I do, indeed, with all my heart, re ject the instruction Riven oy the Italian mas ter ofpolitie.il science, which teaches thatall in n are bad by nature, and that they will not fail toshow tbisdepraity whenever they have a fair opportunity. Hut jealousy of ex ecutive power is a hicji practical irtue in Republics , and we shall hud it hard to deny theju'tice of the character of froe legislative bodies, which Charles .lames Fox drew, when lie said that tho HritMi House of Common", of which ho was at the moment equally an ornament and an idol, like every other popu lar assembly, must be icwed as a mass of men capable of too much attachment and too much animosity, capable of being biased by weak and even "wicked motives, and liable to bo governed by ministerial influence, by ca price, and by corruption. Mr. President, I promise to inquire, in the first place, why the question before us is at tended by real or apparent dangers. I think our apprehensions aro in part due to tho intrinsic importanco of the transaction concerned. Whenever wo add a new column to the Federal colonnade, we need to lay its foundation so firmly, to shapo its shaft with fuch just proportions, to poiso it with such exactness and to adjust its connections with thoex'stin;; structure so carefully.that instead of falling prematurely and dragging other and vpnerablo columns with it to tho ground, it may stand erect forever, increasing the grand eur and stability of the whole masive and imperial fabric. Still tho admission of a new State it not necessarily orcen customarily attended by either embarrassments or alarms, S'c have already admitted eighteen new States without serious commotions, except in the easi of Missouri, Texas and California. Wo aro even now admitting two others, Minnesota and Oregon ; and these transactions go on so smoothly that only close observers are aware that wo are thus consolidating our dominion on the shores of lake Superior, and almost at the gates of the Arctic Ocean. It is manifest that tho apprehended diffi culties in the present case hae some relation to the dispute ooncerning Slavery, which is raging wiwiiu wio icrriiorjroi ,iwir.i'-, 11.-1, it must bo remembered that nino of tho new- States which hao been admitted, expressly established Slavery or tolerated it, and nine or thorn tornado it I lie excitement, there fore, isduc to peculiar circumstances. 1 think there ale threeof them, namelv FiTft, That whereas, in the "beginning, tho ascendency of the Slave States was absolute, it is now lieing recrsoii. SrronH. That whereas, heretofore, tho Na tional Government favored this change of halanco from the slave Statis to tho free States, it has now reversed this jHilicy, and opposes tho change. Thinl. That national intervention in tho Territories in favor of slave labor and slavo States, is opposed to the natural, social, and mental dcvelopoments of tho Hepublie. Itseemes almost unnecessary to demin strato tho first of th(si) propositions. In the boffinninc there were twelve slavo States, and onlvono that was free. Now six of those twelvo havo become free . and their aresix teen free States to fifteen slave States. If thu three. candidates now here, Kansas, Minneso. ta, and Oregon, shall Isi admitted as free States, then there will bo nineteen free States to fifteen slave State. Originally theroweru twentv-four Senators of slave States, and onlv two of free States . now there are thirtv two Senators of freo States, and thirty n slave Statos. In tho first Constitutional Con ress the Slavo States had liftv seven llepre- sentatives, and tho ono free Stato had only finht . now, tho free States have one-hun dred and fnrty-four Representatives, whilo tho slavo States havo only ninety, 'lheso chanzoH havo happened hi a is riod duiin: which tho slave States hav almost milliter rnptedly exercised paramount influenco the fiuvernment, and notwithstanding tho Constitution itself has opposed well-known checks to tho relative increase of reprosinta tionof freo States. I assume, therefore, the truth of my first proposition. I suirzost. sir. a second circumstance namely, That whereas, in tho earlier age of the llepimuc, tho .National uoverninent la vored this change, yet it has since altogether revels "1 that lKilioy, and it now oppose the change. I do not claim that heretofore tho National (ioveininciit always or nvi u habilu ally, intervened in tho Territories in favor o Free States, but onlv that such interven tion preponderated Whilo Slavery existed ill all of the Slates but one at the liegimiiug vet it was far les intense in the Northern mail in s ime oftlie Southern Slates. l o ine lonn t coiitenipl.itoil ,, ,.,,iv cm moil non. I no nuiiers .em not tu h,io uutiei pit -it mi enlargement of the natiinaltirii ton-; continently, (,.. expected that nil the inw Mites to be hereafter admitted would ho organized upon subdivisions of lb men e.isilllg at lies, or upon divisions of tl then existing national domain That do main lay behind the thirteen States, am stretched him the Itkcs to the (iulf, am was biunded westward by the Mississippi It was naturally diiideil tiy the Ohio river and the -Northwest Ieintory and the South vye"t Territory were organized on thatdivi Sinn. It was foreseen, even then, that ll new Slates to be admitted would ultimately overnalatieo (lie thirteen original ones. Tin were, however, mainly to be yet planted am in.iKireu in in" iie-.en, witn the ag. ney human labor. The fathers knew onlv two kinds of labor, tli" same vv Inch now oxi-t among ourselves namen , in laiior oi .lrie.m slives ,n the Mb r id rreeinon. I he former thin pre dominated in this country, as it did through, out the continent. A c iniesse,! deficiency o: slave l.ibir could be supplied only by domes- tic increase, and by continuance of tho then existing importation from Alnca. The su ply of free labor depended on domestic in civa"', and a voluntary immigration fpu l.uropo. Settlements which had thus eailv taken on a fice-l ibor character, or a "l.io- ialior character, wcie already maturing in uiose jians oi ine old , states winch wcie to no uinniateiy detachdl and formed into new Statis. When new States of this class were organized, they were admitted promptly. either as Ine States or as sP,,., St iles. in, out objection. Thus Vermont, a free Mate, wa Romiiteu m 1,'JI ; Kentucky, a slave State. lT'.'i ; and Tennessee, also a slave State, in i r ne new .--tates were conteinii ale, in lie erected in the .Northwest Territory. Prac tically it was unoccupied, and therefore open to labor of either kind. Ths one kind or the other, in the absence of nnv antieii,:ii, emulation, would predominate, jiit as Con gress shonl.l intervene to favor i't. Con-ross interveiieil in favor of free labor. This in- leod, was an act of the I'onthiciiPil Co, r,. hut it wasconlirineil by tholirstConstitution- il Innisrcss. I ho fathers siimiltiiiiiwioslv adopted tin ee other measures of les direct in tervention. I irst, they initiated in ITS'.i. and uiipleted in IMH. the ii1iohito sii,ii,i.,.ii,,n of the African slave trade. Second v. thov organised systems of foreign commerce unit navigation, winch stimulated voluntary emi gration from Furope. Thirdly, they 'estab lished an easy, simple and uniform process of naturalization. - 'he ehaiiiro ,,r tl,.. l,.,l. ,,.,. of power from the Slave States to the Free States, which we are now witnessing, is due lllelly to those four earlv measures of nation. al intervention in favor oi' free labor. It would have taken placo much sooner, if the 1 inrilers of the liepublie had remained unchanged. i no purchase oi i,uisiana and the .ieiuisi tion of Florida, hiiwever. were traiis.ietion resulting from high vlitii'al necessities, in lisregard ol the miestiou between free labor and si ive labor. In lulmitting the new State of Louisiana, which was .irennieil ,,n ll,,. slave labor settlement of New Orleans, Con gress practised the same neutrality which it had before exercised in tho State-of Kentucky and Tennessee. No serious di-nute aroo 1111. til 18111, when .Missouri, organized within the former province of I.ouisiania, upon a slave labor 'settlement in St. l,oui", applied for admission as a slave state, and Arkansas was manifestly preparing to appear soon in tho samo character. The bal.mee of oouee between the slave States and free States was already reduced to an equilibrium, and the lev en free States had nn ecueil rei.res, nt,il,. with tne eeui slave State" in the Senate of the t'nited SiaP s. The slave States unanim ously in"i"ted on ail unqualified admission 'if .Missouri. 1 he Iroo Mates with less unanim ity, demanded that the new State should re- innee Slavery. I he controversy seemed to shake the 1'nion to its foundation, and it was terminated bv a compromise. Missouri was admitted as a "lave State Arkansas athrr by implication than by express nzree nient was to lie admitted, and it was after-i irds admitted as a slave State. On the oth er hand Slavery was forever prohibited in all mat part 01 the old province oi iiui.-iana vet remaining unoccupied, which lay north of tho parallel of flG - ,10' noith latitude. The reservation for free lalsir included the immenso region now known a" tho Territo ries of Kansas and Nebraska, and seennsl am ple for eight, ten or moro free Stairs. The seventy 01 mo struggle anil too conomons 01 tho compromise indicated very plainly, bow- ever, that the vigor ol national intervention in lavor or freo labor and Tree States was ex hausted. Still, tho existing statutes were adequate to secure an ultimate ascendency of tno tree Slates. The nolicv of intervention in favor of slavo labor and slavo Stutes began with the further removal of tho liorders of tha liepublie. I cheerfully admit that this policy has not been persistent oreiclusive, and claim only that it has been and yet is predominant. I am not now to deplore the annexation of Texas. I remark simply that it was a bold measure, of doubtful constitutionality, distinctly adopt ed as an act of intervention in favor of slave labor, and made or intended to 1 mado most effective by the stipulation that the new Stato 01 lexas may ncrcntter no divided and so re organized as to constitute fivo slav States. This great act cast a long shadow before it a shadow winch, preplcxed thepeoploorthelree States, It was then that a feeble socilemovo ment, which aimed by moral persuasion at the manumission 01 slaves, gave place to poll tical organizations, which have ever since gone on increasing in energy and extent, di rected against a further eitension of slavery in the United States Tho war between the United States and Mexico, and tho acquisition of the Mexican provinces of New Mexico and I ppcr California, the fruits 01 tnni war, were su iiuiiieiuaieiy aiiu uircoi- ly consequences 01 tho annexation oi lexas that all of those events 111 tact may lie re garded as constituting one act of interven tion in lavnr ot slave lalior and slave States Tho field of tho strife, between the two sys. terns had become widely enlarged. Imhssl it was now continental. The amazing min eral vvwalth of Califordia stimulated settle- tnntt. ll.nr.. Int.. mr.I.I!,.. lib., l,U C , tation. The Mexican laws which prevailed in tho newly-acquired Territories dedicated them to free labor, and thus the astounding itiestioii arose tor the tirst tune, wh'therthe United States of America, whose Constitu tion was basisl upon the principle of tho i litical equality of all men, would blight and curse with Slavery a conquered laud which onjoynd universal rreiloiu. 1 he slave Mates denied the obligation ol these law", and iu sistisl on their abrogation. The free States inaintainisl them, and demanded their confir mation through the Wilmot Proviso, The slave States and the free States were yet in equilibrinin The controversy continued here two years. The settlors nf the new 'ferritin io" beiMiiie imiatient, and precipitatisl a solu tion of tho question. Thov organized new freo States in California, and New Mexico, The Mormons also framed a govt rnuicut in Utah. Congress, after a bewildering excitement, determined the 111 itler by another compromise. It admitted California a free State, dismembered New .Mexico, transferring a large district frit' from Slavery to Texas, whoso, laws carried Slavery over it, and subjected the residue ton Ti r ritorial (iovernment.as it alvi subjected Utah, ami stipulated that the future States to be organized in those Territories should bo ml- mittoil either as freo States or as slave States as they should ehct. I passover the portions of tins arranL-einent which did not bear di rectly on tho point in conflict. The Federal liovernment pres"iitcd this compromise to the neonle. as a comprehensive, final, and porpo. tual adjustment ofall then existing and all future questions having any relation to tli subiect ol Slav sry within 'he lenit irn or elsewhere Th" country accepted it with that pi iveibial facility which free Stat s practise, when time brings on a stern inflict which popular inissions jirovike, and at a distance defy This hah von 'iice, however, had not ceasl Pi lu --i-hiatis, and lab r required all opening of tho region 111 the old province of l,oiiiian,i north of 3H ; .'ill which 11. id been reserved in Ih'll, and dedicated to Tree I ibor and free States. I'lio old question was revived 111 reganl to that Territory, am 100K ine narrow name nt the ivnnsas ques tion, just as the stream which Lake Snpoiior .ii.i. , , : 1 i-; . . . : .., n.n.n, 0,,,, li.o 1 1 o llll lll-ni llllO lle- and precipitating itself down rapids and 0,it .tracts, mid now spreading out its waters 111 to broad si, assumes a now 11 tmo w ith every change of form, but continues, nevertheless the same majestic and iiresNtihln flood under every change, increasing 111 depth and in volume until it loses itself in the all-absorb- lug ocean. No one had ever slid or even thoii"ht that the 1 iw of Freedom in this rigion could bo repealed, impaired or invaded. Its coustitu tionalitv had, indeed, been iiuostionod at the time n its enactment . lmt t it", with nil nth or obje( (ions had been sui rendered a" a part of the compromise. It w;t" regardnl n bear ing the sanction of public faith, a it certain ly had those of time anil in, 1 11 i -cence Put the slaveholding people of Missouri looked across tno nontor. into Kansas, and coveted the land. 'I he slavo States could not fail to sympathize with them. It seemed as if no organization of d'overn niont could be eflLeted in tho Territory. The Senator from Illinois, (Mr. Douglas,) pro jected a scheme I nderhis vi-;orousVidiii', Congress er-'it si Iw 1 Ten-it u-iesNcbras' 1 and Kansas. The former (the more north 'i-u one) might, it was siipp ise 1, be s -t 1 1 si w i t li on t Shivery, and beeoui" a free Stale, several free Slates. 'I'ho latt-r (the Southern one) was aeces-ihlo to the slave States, bordered on one of them, anil was regarded as a region inviting to slaveholder.". So it might be set tled by them, and become one or more slave States. Tims indirectly 11 further comprom ise might bo elleeted, if the Missouri pr ihibi tion of l0) should bo abrogated. Coultoss abrogated it, with the special efl'ective co-op- eralion of the President, and thu the Na tional Government directly intervened in fivor of slave labor. l,ouil"remonstrances linst the measure on the uround of its violation of the national faith were silenced by clamorous avowals of a discovery that Congress had never had any right to in tervene in the Territories 'for or against lavery, but that the citizens of the United States residing in the Territory had. like the people of every State, exclusive authori ty and jurisdiction over Slavery, as one of the domestic relations. The Ivnnsas-Nebras- ka act only recognized and affirmed this right, as it was said. The theory was not ind 1 new, but a vagrant one. wliich had or some time gone about seeking ainono- no- litieal parties the chaiitv of adoption, under the name of Squatter Sovereignly. It was now brought to the font, and baptized with the morn attractive appellation of Popular Sovereignty. It was idle for a time to sav that, under the Miss,niri prohibition, free men 111 the territory had all tho righls which freemen could desire js-rfect freedom to do everything but establish Slavery. Pop ular Sovereignty oU'ered the indulgence of a tate of tho fnnt of the tree of the knovvl- Ige of evil as well as of good a more iicr- feet freedom. Insomuch as the proixi-ition clued to conic from n freo State, the Slave latcs could not resist it" seductions, although igacious nidi stvv that they were delusive. Consequently, a small and ineffectual stream of slave labor was at once forced into Kansas, engineered by a lirg- number of p ditici in", advoc.iti s at onee of Sl.ivcrv and the Federal Administration, who proceeded with "teat hate to prepn-e the means so In carry the the first elections as to obtain the liws nec essary for the protection of slavery. It is one thing, however, to expunge statutes from iValional ni'stUu't'ion, e'veii thougli it be only monument of IV hnu, located in thodes- rt. .Nebraska was r.-igno. to Ire lalior without a struggle, and Kuums became a tho.itieof the irt actual national conflict be tween slave-holding and free-labor immi grants, met taeo to t.ieo. to organize, through the maehincrv ol repui.lie.m action, a civil n 1 1 111 1 1 11 1 1 y . The parties differed .1- widely ill their ap- p iintinents. conduct, and hearing, n their principles 1 no iree lanorers came into ine territory with money, noi-ses. came, imple ment", and engines, with energies concen trated bv associations met stri ngthened by the recognition of some of the States. They marked out farms, und sites for mills, tow n. Hid cities, iukI proceeded at once to build, to plow, and to sow They proposed to debate. to discuss, to organize peacclully. and to vote, aii'l to abide the canvass. The sl.ive-l.t-por parly entered the Tinitnry iiregiilarly, stikcdo'ut possesions, niarked them, and then ill mot instaiieis.wi'hiirew InilieM.iPs from which thov had collie, to sell their new acquisition", or to return and resume them, as circumstances should lender one course or th other c.xpcdimt. They left armed men in tho Territory to watch and guard, and to summon external aid, either to vote or to fight, as "hould bo found necessary. They wcro fortified by the favor of the "Adminis tration, and assumed to act with its author ity. Intolerant of debate, and defiant, they hurried on tho elections which were to beso perverted, that 1111 usurpation should 1 estab lished. They rangout tlieirsummons when the upjxiinhsl time came, and armed band" of parti-ans, from States near and remote, in vaded and entered th" Territory, with ban ners, aiumunition, provisions and forage, and cneamiieil around the poll". They seized the ballot-boxes, replaced the judges of elec tions with paitisans of theirown.droveavvay their opponents, filled thelsixes with asniauy votes as the exigencies demanded, and, leaving the results to be returned by reliable hands, tliey marched back again to their distant homes to celebrate the conquest, and exult in the prospect of the establishment of Slavery ursvii the soil so long coii"eerated to Freedom. Tliii", in n single day, they Is came parents of a State without ntlcctimi lor It, and childless again without b reavement. In this llrt hour of trial,the new syteni of popular sovereignty signally failed failed be nisoit i" impossible to orirani.o. bv one single act. in one day. a community is'ff s-tlv free, lsafeetlv sovereign, and p'rfootly constituted , out of elements iinassiiuilatoil, iinarranged and unoomposed Freo labor rightfully won thdiv. Slave la bor wrested tho victory to itsdrby fraud and violence. Instead of a free republican I ioi- criuiicnt in th" Territory, such as pipular sovereignty had promised, tnue was then and thenceforth hateful usurpation. 'I'hi. usurpation proceeded without delay and w ith out compunction to disfranchise; the pisijilo iransierrtsi 1 lie si.,, c 1 (I'le ill otissoiin 10 imiii sas. without stopping in all v.i'H to subsli tutu tho name ot tho new Territory for that of the old State. It practically suspend uipular elections lor three years, the usurping Legislature as-igning tint term lor its own members, while it committ'sl nil siibirdinate trusts to agents appointed bv itself. It ban tlio courts mid the iurios t-i Its aitvolsarios bv test oaths, and made it a clime to think whatoiiepleavsl.unil to vvriteim I print what one thought. It lsirrovvisl all the enginery of tyr iniiy, but the torture, from the practice of tli" Stu.tils The kirty of Ins' labor ap pealed pi the Governor (Ueisler,) to correct th" false election returns. He intcrveii'sl, tint ineflectiiallv, and vet, even lor that in- torveiitioii.wasdciioiinood Icj the vdiuiiiistia lion organ, and, alter long aiel iiuaeccptaide explanations, be was removed from olhee by the President. I'henew 1iovernor(Shaunoii,) siiet.iiinsl lor a while the usurpation, but lail od to 1 ll'. i t the subjugation id the Hiple, al though he org inieil as . 1 militia an armed sirtis.m bind ol' adventurers who had intru ded themselves into th" Territoiy to foicc Slavery ilium thocople. With the active co-ois'ratioii of this html, the unty of slivo labor disarmed the Fi ee-SUteeiiii 'iiiuls, who had now learned th" uneasily ol being pie iared for self-defence, on the holders of the Territory, nml on the distant roads and livers which led into it They destioved a biidgo that fr 'C labor men used' 111 their why to th" seat nl liov rninent, s.u k sl a non 1 win i th v lod. I. and br 'k- up an 1 1 i-t 11U . th" river, a pr s' w'm'iw lb 'rm d' th ir cause The 111 11 1 f ban. a I" d I'UV' I not civ d 1 11. cut but even id' i u- r.m(iiilitv, and security, fell b,i- on the inalienablo revolutionary right of voluntary reorganization. They determined, however, wim iiiiiiiir.iiiio temper, judgment and loyal ty, to conduct their proceedings for tho pur pose in deference and subordination to tho authority nf the lederal Union, and accord ing to the lino of safe precedent. After due election, open to all tho Inhab itant 111 the lerntory, they organized pro vMonnlly a State (Joveriiment at Tooka 1 and by the hand nf provisional Senator! and a prov isionil repreontativo, they sub mitted thmr Constitution to ( 'onres. and prayed to he admitted nn free State into the Federal Union. The Federal authorities lent noanl to this movement, but, on the contrary, the Pie Mont and S'"ioitoooulenipt uously rejected it, and denounced it a trea son, and all it actor and alrttors as disloy al to the Union. An army was despatched into the Territory, intended indeed to .ro seno peace, but at the imn time to obey and su-tiin the usurpation. The provisional l'gisl.iture. which had met to confer, and to adopt further mean to urge the prayer of me peopio upon I ongress, were npersod hy t'ie army, and the State nlfieer nrnvision- ally elected, who had committed 110 criminal net. were arrested, indicted, and bold in the Federal eainp a St ito prisoner. Neverthe less, the people of Kalisis did Hill acquiesce. 1 no iisiirptttou reiii'unoil a barren authority, lefied. derided, Mild despised 11 Ition ll el, ction w.l now .'inlirii.iehile- Fxeiteuiont within and "vniP-ithie without the Territory must hi 'allayed, (iovernir Shannon was removed, and Mr. Oearv wa appointed hi successor. lie exacted siibmis- 1011 to tho statutes of the usurpation, but promised equality in their administration. II" Induced a repeal of some ot thoo statute which were most obv ioii"ly unconstitutional. ttnl declared an amnesty for political offen ce, lie persuaded the legislature of tho usurpation to ordain a call for a Convention at Iiscomptin, to form a Constitution, if the incisure should be approved by a popular vote at an cl"ctioii to beheld for that pur pose. To vote at such nn election wa to re- 111-0 and tolerate the usiiniition, a well as to submit to disfranchising 1 iws, and to i.i.irda renewal of the frauds and violence iy which the usiirpition had been establish 'd. On no account would the lgislature igroo that the projected Constitution should iibmittcd to the people, after it should lave Icon perfected by the Convention. The refus il of thi just measure, so necessary to the public security in case of surprise and fraud, was a confession of the purpose on the part ol the usurpation to carry a Contitu tion into oflect by surpri-o and fraud. 1'he (iovernnr insisted on tin provision, and leiuanded of the President of the United talcs tho removal of a partial and tyrannical judge. He failed to gam either measure, nn'l incurred the displeasure oftlie usurpation by (-King them, tie tied tho territory. The roe-State party stood aloof from tiio polls. md a canvass showed that somo 'J.300. floss than a third of the people oftlie Territory) liml sanctioned the call of a Convention. while the presence oftlie arinyalono hcMthe errnory under a torceil truce. U this juncture, the new Federal Admin tration came in, undira President who had ibtained success hy the intervention at the oils of, 1 third party an ephemeral organi atioii built upon 11 'foreign and frivolous is. sue, which had ju-t strength enough and life noiigh to give to a Pro-Slavery party theiud inreii 10 produce that imloivai'd result, io new President under a show of modera tion, in isked a more efl'rtual intervention than t'nt of his predecessor, in lavor of si no lab a- and a si ive ."'('".,,. h'-iG'flhm'o.U'hCd' nv llKaiic' I 'oiirt oftbe United States. (I,, their docket was, through some chance orde- n, an action which an obscure negro man Missouri had brought for his freedom iint his reputed master The Court had in iv 11 at the conclii-inn, 1 in solemn argument, tint insomuch as this unfortim ite negro had. ir nigh some ignorance or chicane in sjieeial leading, admitted what could 'not have been roved, that he had descended from sun" Af rican who had once been lied in bondage, that thorefeie be was not, in view of tho '(institution, a citizen of the United State. anil therefore, could not implead the reputed master in the Federal Courts, and on this ground the Supreme Court w-or- prejured to dismiss mo action, inr 11:1111 111 jurisuieii 111 over the suitor's per-on. This decision, cer- linlvn repugnant to tho llcclaiation of In- lependeiiee and to tho spirit of the ('(institu tion, us to the instincts ol llum.mitv , never theless would bo one which would exhaust ill the power of the tribunal, and exclude iinsideiation 01 nil other questions that ad been raised upon the record. Tho onnsel who had appeared for th" negro ad voluntiered from motives of charity. md, ignorant of course of tho disposition which was to be made of th" cause, had ar- ued that hi" client had h"cn freed from slavery by operation nf tlio Missouri prohi- ution ol I he opp rang counsel, paid iy the defending slaveholder, had insisted, 11 reply, that the famous statute was iincou- stitutioii.il. The mock debate had lus'ti heard in the Chamber of the Court in tho bisemont of the Capitol, in the presence of tho curious visiters at the seat 01 1 lovcrnment, whom tho lulne-s of a judicial investigation could not di-gtist. The Court did not hesitate, to please the incoming President, hv seizing this extraneous and idle forensic discussion, and converting it into an occasion for pronouncing an opinion that the Missouri prohibition was void, and that bv force of tho Constitution, slavery existed, with all the elements of protiertv in man over man, in all ., -e 1 r .'1. - ,-!.., c-. . . ine lerruories 01 ine uuiieu aunt's, jiara inoiint to any popular sovereignty within the 1'erritories, and even to tho authority of Con- ress itseii. Ill this ill-omened act, tho Supremo Court forgot its own dignity, which had always 11 maintained with pit judicial jealousy. Thoy forgot that that the province of a court is simply "jinihccre, and not at all ";ui ilarr." They forgot also that one "foul sen tence does moro harm than many foul exam ples i for the l.i-t do lmt corrupt tho stream, while tho former eorruptcth tno fountain." And they and tho President aliko forgot that judicial nsiir.ition i more odious and intol erable than any other aiuong tho manilotd practices ot tyranny 1 ue nay 01 iiiaiiguniiiou came ine urst canning all tho clebrations of that great n.iti 111.1l pageant that was to bo desecrated bv a cotlilion between the Fxecutivo and Ju dicial departments, to undermine the Na tional Legislature and the liberties of the people. Th" President, attended by the usual lengthened procession, arrivis'l and to ik hisse.it on the jMirtico. 'flie Supreme Court attended him there, in robes which yet ex.n tei public reverence. The people, uniw.ir" ol th" impoit of the vv hisperings carried nn ltuccn the President and the Chief Justice, and imbued with veneration for lith, filled the avenues and gardens far away as the eye could roach The President addressed them in word a bland as those which the worst ofall Human Kin'rors pronoiincisl when h" assumed the purple. lie announced (vaguely, indeed, but with self-satisfaction) the forthcoming extra judi cial cxsiition of the Coiistituti 111, ami pledge,) his siibiiii-sinn to it as authoritative and final The Chief justice and his siciatoB remaned silent. The Senate, to 1, worn there constitutional witnesses of tho tratisfci nf the administration. They ton, were silent, although thu promised itsur- I ui 1 1011 was to subvert the authoiltv over more than half of the empire wliuh Con gross had a (sinned e inteiuporaneously with the birth nf the nation, ami bad cxcriiscd w ithout inteiruptioii inur ssventy je.irs. It cost the President , und'T the ciiciiiustanceu, little exen i of m ignaniiuity now to prom ise to the iouple of Kansas, on whoso neck ho had. with the aid oftlie Supreme Court, hung the milNtoiinof Sliviv, a fair trial in tin iratteiupt tocist it oil. and boil it to the earth, w hen tin v should 1 -iiuo 11 1 ,1 11 l.c .1 Mat i ennui ii l - I '..it n thi . 'hell1 pr 011 n ii(i.i 1 on 1 r Ml' ll ;:l al leniniUis n,t 111K made to be broken ' 1'lie uigi ,mt endi I On Ihe 'ith nf March lie .Ind without M hanging their j silken robes lor courtier s gowns, paid their (onions 10 me i nsiueiit in tno l.xecutivo I 1 aiaie. Doubtlessly th,. President received t ieiu as graciously ut Charles the First dii the Judges who had, al his instance, siibveit cd the statute nl Fnglish lain rtv . On tho mn 01 .viiireh, the Supreme Court dismiss"! the negro suitor. DndScnit. toi-cinm 1,, 1,1 bondage, and having thus difpo-ed of that private notion for an alleged pnv.ito wrong, on tho ground of want ol jiiii"ilielion in Mm case, they proceeded with amusing solemnity to pronuuneo the opinion that, if they had hn such jurisdiction, still the iinlbi innate 11 gr would have had to remain in hoini.i"c. nun lieved, because the Missouri prohibition vio lates the rights ol general prop! rtv involved 111 Slavciy, par. unit to the authority of ,.0111. ss ., icw nays niter, copies ol thu opinion were multiplied by the Senate's press, and scatterul in the name of the Senate. broad cast over the laud, and their publica tion uas not yet neon disowned hy tlie .senate. Simultaneously, Dpsi Scott, who had phrjed the hand of ilumntt in this interesting politi cal came, unwitting v. vet to t hi n.lete Riiiiiu'iniii 01 ins umersaiy, was voluntarily on, iiti..i,.t 1 ,1... . 1 . . ,r s......,,.,,v,, , ,,4 imt.s iciuivcu iroiu 11 is master, as a reward, the freedom which the 1 ourt had dennsl linn a aright. I'he now President of the I nited Sinic having organized thi formidable judicial hat- ion at theiapitol. wa now reel,-to In- in In- ii- tii d 111.ois11.11 1 ii, .. , mi ,1, ,1, the form a lb 10 . ,-une, not ., n, want, but 1111 old one revived a (iovcinor for Kan-is. liob rt .1. Walker, bom and lolretin ',-nnsv U.mi . .1 I, ., so I.,,, long a citiz 'ii and resident ol Mississippi. :l slave State, , iui-11 1 (br tali ut and industi v, levuled to the President ami his i,.,iiv plauible and persevering, iintiriiio- and ellicient, seemed iut tho man to eondnei the fraudulent inchoate proceeding of the pro jected Leeompton Convention to .1 conclusion, oy iijiiuiug mo irienns 01 tree labor 111 the Territory, or by eating upon them the res ponsibility f defeating their own favorite policy by impracticability and contumacy, tie wanted for thi liuriiosn onlv an mini and full command oftlie Fxocutiveexeheouer if promise, nf favor ami of threat of puiiish- 111 ait I nsh'riek P. si tot ,11, of I' -nn. ,.c, lion u-.i i. and capible, .if per- , !- ad hut honest ambition, was ap nuted hi Secrctaiy. The new agents sum I mud t ,y had assumed a tak that would tax all their energies and require alt their adioi lies-. On the one side, the Slave Lalur party were de termined to circumvent tho people, and secure through the I,ecumpton Convention, a slave State. On tho other, tho people were watch ful and determined not to be circumvented, and in no case to submit. Flection for del egates to that body were at hand. The Leg islature had required a census and registry of voters to be made bv authorities ihsignated by itself, and this duty had been only par tially performed in fifteen of the thirty-four counties, and altogether omitted in the other nineteen The party of Slavo lifmr insisted on j uyiuen t of taxes as a condition of suffrage. Tlio I ree Labor party deemed tho whole pro ceeding void by reason of the usurpation practised, and of tho defective arrangements for tho election. They discovered a design to surprise inthe relusal of any guaramv that the Constitution, when framed, should be submitted to the people, for their accept ance or rejection, preparatory to their appli cation under it for the mlmf-sion of Kansas into the Union. The I iovernnr, drawing from the ample ticaury of the Executive at his command, made due exhibitions nf the army, and threatened tho people with an accept ance 1 f the Lociiiimiiir, 'it iin'v sliouid re ever jjie.jt,,' With these menaces, liejudi ciouslv mingled promises nf bibulous quan tities of land for the endowment of road and education. lie dispensed with the test oath" and taxes, 1 iiiieuteil tho defects of cen sus and registry, aid promised the rejection of the Constitution, by himself by the Pres ident, and by Congress, if a full, fair and complete suhntisssion nf the Constitution should not be made bv th" Convention . anil he obtained and published pbslges of such submission by the pirty convention which nominated the candidates for delegates, and even by an imposing number of those candi dates themselves. The jHSiple stn id aloof, and refused to vote. The army protected the pjlN, The Slave libor pirty alone voted, and voted wit .out legal restraint, and so achieved an eay formal "access by casting some twothoiisand ballots. Just in this conjuncture, however, the term of three years' service which the usurp ing Legislature had fixed for its own mem bers expired, and elections authoriiil by it self were to bo held, for the choice, not only of new ineiubu'S, but of a delegate to Con gress. While the Leeompton Convention was assembling, the I'rco Labor party deter mined m attend to tlicsoTerritori.il election", and contest through them, for poll govern ment within the territory. They put candi dates in nomination, on the express ground of repudiation of the whole Leeompton pro ceeding. The Leeompton Convention pru dently udj nirnisl to a day beyond the elec tions. The parties contended at the ballot- noxes, and the result w.i" a complete and con elusive triumph of the Freo Labor isirty. 1 1 11 a iiioiiicui inn ,iciory, so luiporiaui, was jeoparded by the fraudulent presenta tion of spurious and fabricated leturn of elections i alnio-t uninhabited dis trict", sufficient to transfer the triumph to the Slave Labor party and the Free Stato party was proceeding to vindicate, it oy lorce. 1110 uoiernor nno cietary de tected, proved and exposed thi atrocious fraud, i'lie Leeompton Convention donounc- 1 them, and complaints agaih"t them poured in upon the President, from the slaveholding States. Thoy wcro doomed from that time, Tho President was silent The leeompton Convention proceeded, and framed a Consti tution which declares Slavery perpetual and irreversible, and positioned any alteration 01 its own provisions until alter 104, by which time they hoiwd that Slavery might havo gained too disqi a hold in the soil of Kansas to no in danger 01 being unrooted .ll tin wa eay; but now came tneqiicstion wheth er the Constitution should bo submitted to the lienplo. It was confessed that it was ob noxious to them, and if submitted, would Ik rejectisl with indignation and contempt. An ollicial emissary from Washington is supposed to have suggested thu solution which was adopbsl. This was a subiiii-sion in form but not in fact. Tho President of the Conven tion, without any laws to preserve tho purity oftlie franchise by 'iialtics for its violation, was authorized to designate his own agents, altogether irresi'ctively of the Territorial authorities, kikI with 'their aid to hold an election, in vv Inch there should bo no votu allowed or nreived, ifagaiust tlio Constitu tion itself I Inch vnter wa allowed to cast a ballot "for the Constitution with Slavery," or"fbr tho Constitution with no Slavery," and it was further provided, that the Consti tution should stand entiro if a majority of votes should bo cast for the Constitution with Slavery, while, nn th" other hand, if the ma jority nf votes cast "hould Is' "lor the Con stitution with noSl iverv," then tho existing Slavery shoul'l not bo dfstiirbed. but should remain, with its continuance, by the suc cession of its unhappy victim bv descent foi ever. Hut even this miserable shadow nf 11 choice beivvis-n I'm ins of a slave Stat" Constitution was made to depend nil the taking nfa test oath to siippoit and 1 1 in i ut .1 in it 111 the firm which should b- preferred by the majority of Ihnsii who should vote nn cmiiplv ing with that liuuiiliati in- 'I he liovoinoi saw that by conniving at this pitiful atel vuckisl jug glo he should both slnpwrcik hi-f.iino and bec'iine romni!ilo for civil w.n lie remon strated, an I iipjsviled t 1 his 1 hi "f, the Presi dent of the I uitisl Slates, to cotuhmti it. Deiuiiici ition- hdlovvcd him Irom the ,e e miptonsirty within the Ti intory, and the denunciations no lis vioh lit Ii the slave states wi re his greeting ut t C aplt.il I he Pie 1 1 nl 1 , 111 -t 1 1) , 11 lii iid an 1 .1 pi - ut I uigp - ha 1 1 vv In. Pn Ident, ii'- if feiuf il f National Hit I I 1 111 11 1 o ' Ii st.1l1 d our all nn m w nil 1 I t i"ilo(ik tin iii.iiuh I 'u urns I lilt transaction, and to regard tho anticipated result or thi mock election then not yef held, as an equivalent to an acceptance of the Constitution by the penplo of h'ntisas, alleg ing that the refusal nf tho peopio to vnTe either tho ballot for tho "Constitution with slavery," nr thoialso ini'l deceitful ballot for the "Constitution with no slavery," would jutly bo regarded n drawing after It th" consequences of actual acceptance and adop tion ol the Contitiition itself. Hi nrgu 1111 tit wa" apologetic, as it lamented that the Constitution had not been fairly submitud , and josuitical, a it urged tint the people might, when once admitted a a State, change the ( '(institution at their pleasure, in defiance of the provision wliich i"lis)nes any change seven vear. Copies of the message containing these ar guments were transmitted to the Territory, m coniounci and dishearten the Free State party, and obtain a surrender, at tho election to bo held 1111 tho otof llecomher. on tho question" submitted by tho Convention The lwiple, however, were neither misled nor in timidated. Alarmed by this net of ootitiii. ancc by the President of (lie United State with their oppressors, thoy began to prepare for the l,it arbitrament of nation". The Secretary, Mr. Stanton, now Governor ml inlrrim, issud M proclamation, cull in the now Teiritoii.il Legislature to assemble to provide for preserving the public s'lice. An K( cutive spy diatched information nf thi proceeding to the President by tdograph ami instantly Mr. Stanton ceased' to be Sis-retm-v ami (Iovcinor mfint'nm, being removed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States. I bus the sen lee of I redenek P. Stanton cams to an abrupt 011(1, lmt III a liifltihpr mnvf tmti. orable to himself. cliiof, Mr. Walker, wa loss wi"e and le fortunate. Ilercsigned I .etus Ihrasea. (we are inlonmsl bv Tneituv had been often present in the Senate, wlen the fathers descended to unwnrtbv net. 1 1 nil did not rie in opposition : but. on the noon- ion when Nero procured from them a decree to celebrate. a a festival, the dnv ,e, which l, had murdered hi mother, Agrippina, P.etus left his seat, and walked out of tho chamber tint by hi" virtue provoking future von- goanee, ami vet doinc- no service in tho eim-n of Liberty. "Possibly Kobert J. Walker mav find a les stern historian. The new Secretary, Mr Denver, became I ivornor of Kans.i. tho fifth that office appointed within loss than four .voars, the legal term nfnne. Happily, how- ever, lor the honor or tho country, three of the recalls were mado on the ground of tho virtues of the parties di'graced. Tho Pro Consuls of the Human Province were brought back to answer for their crime. Tlio proceeding which the Into Seerotar-; Stanton had so vyiely instituted, nevertheless, iTcni on ; ami it ha b come, as I trut, the principal means or rescuing brum tyranny the people whom he gov ermsl so briefly and vet so well, 1 ho Icomiitnn Constitution bml directed that on the lib of January ejection should bo held to fi the State office and tho offices of member" or the Legislature and mem bers of Congress, to assume their truts when the new State should lio admitted into tho 1 lie HI. I ho I.egls aturo of thoTerntori-now laeteil silutarv laws f,,r urescrvin" tl'io 1,11. ritv of elect! ms in all case- It directed the Locolllptou Constitution to bo snhmilt. ,1 to a fair vote on that day. the ballots bein- mado to cxprea consent "to the Constitution0 or a rejection of it, with nr without Slave ry. 1 he I ree Labor party debated anx iously on tho question, whether, besides should, ui'i!.1.1';1 .'bat Constitution, thov . . . ... ' ""V c also for ,,f. it, il ( ongre.-s "ivoinu iinii.u 10. ....... under it. After a majority had de cided that no such votes should be cast, minority hastily tojecteil the decision and nominated candidates for those places, to bo suppoitcd under protest. The success of the miiveiiuviit. made under the most se rious disadvantages, is conclusive evidence nf their strength. VV bile the election held on tho 21st of December, allowing all fraudu lent votes, showed some six thousand maji rity for the Constitution with Slavery, over some live hundred votes for the Constitution without Slavery, the election on the Ith of January showed an aggregate majority of eleven thousand again-t tho Constitution it self in any Ibrni, with tho choice under prutcM, of a Hoprosontativc in Congress, and o a largo majority of all candidates nominated by the Free Labor party for the various F.xocutive and Legislative trusts under the Lecoinpton Constitution. The Territorial Legislature ha abolished slavery by a law to take effect ill March, l"is," though the Leeompton Constitution contains provisions anticipating, and design ed to defeat this great act of justice and hu m.mitv It has organized a militia, which stands' ready for the defence of the right of the K'oplo against any power, Tho Presi dent of the broiiipton Convention has fled tho Territory, charged witli an attempt to procure fraudulent returns to reverse the al ready d. clam! results of tho last election, and he holds the public in sti'pen"c as to his success until after his arrival at the Capital, and the decision of Congress on tho accept ance of the Leeompton Constitution. In tho meantime, tho Territorial Legislature has called a Convention, subject to the popular approval, to bo held in March next, and to form a constitution to bo submitted to tho people, and, when adopted, to be tho organic law of the new Stato of Kansas, subject to her admission into the Union. The Presi dent nf the United States, having re ceived the Leeompton Constitution, has submitted it to Congress, and insisting that tho vote taken on the jugglo of tho leeomp ton Convention, held on tho 21st of Decern ber, is legally conclusive of its acceptance b" the people, and absolute against the fair, di rect, and unimpeachable rejection of it by tno people, uiauo on tno -itn 01 January last, ho recommends and urges and implores the admission of Kansas as a Stato into the Fed eral Union, under that false, pretended, and spurious Constitution. 1 refrain from any examination of this extraordinary message. My recital is less complete than I havo hoped, if it does not overthrow all tho Prcsi dent's arguments in favor of tho acceptance oftlie I,oeompton Constitution as an act of tlio people 01 ians,is, however stiecious, and without descending to any details. In Con griss, those who seek the admission of Kan sas under that Constitution, strive to delay the admission of Minnesota, until their op ponents shall compromise on that paramount question. This, Mr. President, is a concise account of the national intervention in the Territo ries in favor of slave lalmr and slave States since lt-211. No wiiuder that the question neiore us excites apprehensions and alarm Ti,..r , I.,, ,, v., 1.. ..r .1.:. i'i .iiitu ,-,,., h ,,v,iii n,iu ,,i mis , 11 u oi lier, 11 North side of the Chamber or llepre sentatives, a North side oftlie Union, as well as South sides of all these. 1'jich of them is watchful, jealous and resolute. If it lie true, as has so often been asserted, that this Union cannot survivo the decision by Congress of a direct question involving tlio adoption of a free State w Inch w ill establish tho ascendency of Iree States under the Constitution, nn'l dnivy after it the restoration of the influence of Freedom in tho domestic and foreign con duct or the liovernment, then the dav or dis solution is at hand. I have thu, Mr President, amved at the third circumstance attending the Kuums question which 1 havo thought worthy or consideration, namely, that the national in tervention in the Territories in favor of slave labor and Slave States, is Oliposcd to tho ma- 1 .. 1 . .- , , 1 1 .. . it-riai, inonii uiiu social uev ciopmcnts 01 the liepublie Tho preposition seems to invulve .1 lsiradox, but itiseasytoiinderstandth.it tho checks which tho Constitution applies, through prudent caution, tu the relative in ciiase of the representation of the free State in the House of Representatives, and espe cially in the Senate, co-oj?rating with tho diHer-nces of temis-r and jiolitical activity b twe nthe two classes of Stati. may direct tl e In iciiuneiit of the Fcdi ral I ninn in one 1 lir , while the tondenciisof the nation it 1 sell isipiilarlyrcgaidi'd.iire 111 a diiection ex I I I lpN.S, 1 I'll" e,so and success which attended tho i' 11 M"i' ilicy or intervention in favor or Tree ; I ''' a and free State, and the resistance which tie converse jsilicy or intervention in favor ol slave lalmr and slave Statis eiicoiinter?, "'Hip lonlly establish tho exiteneo of the an bigonisiu between the (internment and the nation wl ieh I havoasserled. A it ssel move qui iv and peacefully while it descend with ' in nf Vou mark its way by tlio foam "" I1 Iraek only when iti forced against th" 1 ' ! 1 will not dwell on other proofs such '' 0. 1er.11.il growth of th" free State, lie 1 .ptiirost.f F.eoesiatioal Federal I. nion and t i demoralization and disorganization of p 'lilie.il iiarties. Mr President, I have shown whv it isthat Ite K iiisas question is attended with dilfieul li.s i'i.d.ingeriitilyhyw,iyiif pieir,ition for lie iT'iuissiou of my opinions in regard to the ni.n.u' r m which that question ought to " nci. nnineii ami sottieii. I think, with gr. it deference to the judgments of other. that the expedient, pe.ici fill and right way to "" (' n. is 10 rivers., mo existing policy 0 1 iiitcrvonlion in r.ivor or slave labor and "In states. It would liowiso t ri'ton th. MK-ouri iirohibiti 111 ol' slavery in Kan- Ki' and Nebraska There was peace in the leun iriiwnnu m the Mates until that great si.iiui 01 t recilom was subverted. tstnii tint (hero wcro frequent debates hole on tho sin I"" 01 slavery, and that there wire pro found sympathies among the people, awaken ed hv or responding to those debate. hit w 1. 11 was Congrrs" instituted lor but debate? "hit makes the American people to differ ftom all other nation", but thi, that while among them power enforces silence, Ik re all public questions are referred to debate, free debit in Congriss. Do you toll mctlt.it the Supr 1110 Court or the Unitisl States ha re moved the foundation of that great statute'.' I reply that tl ev have done no snob thine ; they could not dii it. Thov have remanded the negro man Dnd Scott to the custody of his master. V ith that decree we have no thing here, at least nothing now, to do. 'I bis i the extent of the judgment rendered, the extent of any judgim 1,1 ti.ev could ren (hr. Already the' pretendud further (leci-ion i subverted in Kansas. So it will be ineverv ft"" State and in every free Territory oftlie ( nited State. The Supremo Court, nl, can reverse its spurious judgement more easily than we could reconc'ilo the people to its usurpation. Sir, the Supreme Court of the United State attempts to command tho p( '(pie ol the United States to accept the jiriuciplc! that one man can own other men, and that they must guaranty the inviolabil ity of that false and pernicfou property. 'I lie poopl" of the United State never "can, and they never will, accept principles so un. c institutional and so abhorrint. Never, never, lt the Court recede. Whether it recede or not, we shall re-organize the Court, and thu reform it jiolitical sentiments ami practices, and bring them into harmony with the Constitution ami with the laws of nature. In doing so, we shall not only re assiiiue our own just authority, but wo "hal ristoro that high tribunal itself to the posj. tion it ought to maintain, since so many in alienable right of citizens, and even ofM.ites thetnselvis, depend upon its impartiality and it wisdbm, D j you ti II me that the slave Stan will not acquiesce, but will agitate .' 'I hink first whether the Free state will acquhsie in a decision that "hall n,it only bo nnju-t, but fraudulent. Tine, thoy w'ill not menace the liepublie. They have an eay and "iuiplo remedy, namelv. to take the ("loverinni ntooi of unjust and unfaithful hands, and c nt 1110 mose which will bo pist and faithful. a little more completeness of organization. 1 hese will result Irom only tho lcit addi tion to the pressure or slavery upon them. Vou are lending alt that is nis-ess.n-y, ami even more, 111 this v( ry act hut will the slavo. Man - agitate .' "Whv ' l!ce.iu-e thov have lost at least a battle that they could not win, unwisely pro'.oked, Ibught with all the advantages of strategy and inti rvi iition, ami on 11 I'e Id chosen by themselves. What would thoy gain Can they cnmpil Kansas to adopt slavery against Iht will.' Would it bo reasonable or just todo it, il lie could.' Wa negro servitude cvir lorced by the word on any inple that inhirited the 1,1 1 which circulates in our veins, and tie' senti ments which make usa free pie.' If thoy will agitato on such a ground a this, then how, or when, bywhat concession we can make, will thev ever beitisied .' It can now be only lo divide the Union. Will they not "need "nine fairer and more plausible excuse for .1 proposition so desperate? How would they improve their condition, by drawing down a certain ruin upon themselves? Would they thu gain any new security for Slavery? Would they not hazard securities that are invalua ble1.' Sir, they who talk so idly, talk what thev do not know themselves. No man when cool can promise vvh.it ho will do when ho shall lie inflamed, no man iullaimd can sis'.ik for his actions when time and necessi ty shall bring reflection. Much lo ciin any one sjN'iik for States in such emergencies. Hut, I shall not insist now 011 so radical a measure a the, restoration of the .Mi-souri prohibition. I know how difficult it is for siwerto relinquish even a ls'rnicious and suicidal lsilicv all at onee. We may attain the same result, in this particular cae of Kansas, without going Paoiv so lar. vm Kick onlv to the ground assumed in 1SS I, tho ground of popular sovereignty, llappi- ly tor tne authors 01 that meaure, the zeal ous and energetic tesitanee of abuses prac ticed under it has been offocttsl that popular sovereignty in Kansas may now no made n tact, and Liberty there may bo rescued Irmii danger through its free exorcio. Popular sovereignty is an epic 01 two parts. t'art tho first presents Freedom in Kansas lost. Part th" second, if you will so consent to write it, shall be rreodom in Kansas regain ed. It is on this ground that I hail the em inent Senator from Illinois (Mr Douglas and hi" associates, the distinguished Senator from Michigan, I.Mr. Stuart, 1 and the youth fill, but most brave Senator from California, Mr. Itroderick Tho late Mr. Clay told us that Providence ha many ways fur saving nations. 1, ml lorbnl thatl should consent to sot! Freedom wounded, !iccaue my own lead or even mv own agency in saving it should be rejected. I will cheerfully en ojh'- rate with these new deieniier id tin saeri"! cause in Kansis, and 1 will award them all duo praise, when we shall have boon success- lul, lor their large snare ol merit 111 itsiic livcranee. Will vou tell 1110 tli.it it is difficult to in duco the Senate and the House of J!cprcecu tatives to take that short backward step '.' On the contrary, the hardest task that an Fxeeutive dictator ever su, or parliamentary manager ever undertook, is to prevent this very step from tieing taken Let the Presi lent take oil' his hand, and tho bow , bout so long, and held to its tension by so hard a pressure, win relax, aim straighten itseii a once Consider now , if vou please, the cone. qiiences of your icfusil If you attempt to cocrco Kansas into the Union, under the U' comptou Constitution, the people of that Territory will resort to civil war. Vou are pledged to put down that I evolution by the tho thunders of vour cannon '! ft bu't one drop or tho blond or a free citizen 1 shed there hv tho Federal army, and the counte nance of every representative of n free State in eiincr House 01 1 ongress, win in. inch, and hi tongue will refuse to utter the vote necessary to sustain the army in the butchery ot ins lellow -citizens. Practically, you have alnady one intestine and Territorial war A war" against lirig ham Voung in Utah. Canyon carry on two ami eonnnc tne striie within the jerritorios ; Can you win both t A vviso nation will never provoke more than one enemy atone time. I know that jmi arguo that th" Freo Stato men nf Kansas are im practicable, factions, seditious'' usvver mo three question ro they not a majority, and so proclaimed by the people of KanMs Is not this quarrel, for the right of govern ing them selves iMiieeiled by the Federal ( m stitiition ? Is the tv i.mtiy of forcing a hat' fill (Internment ii'n them, hss intoh r.tblo than three cent imp t mi a pound "f I ,1 or live cent stamp d ity on n promisor note? You mv ' .11 tlmy .an ehang" tlu Lecnmplon Cons,. 1 linn vvhen it shall r,nr,' have bern forenl in ,n them. Let it h al.-m oonisi now vv n it guaranty can ol againt vnur own inlorvention to pr. inai lllliirn . vv hat seeurltv i-iin mil 1 for your own adhTein e to the eons'ii, , i, of the Constitution which vou adopt '1 11 expidiotiev. to-day '' What IsdPr is 11 I n Mitulion than a 'bv law ol a eotpor.iio n it mav he loieed mi a State to-day. -ind , jeeteil lo-lnnirow, 111 derogati !! "V it. ex pros inhibition ? I p'.reoivo, Mr. Pr'sidonl. that in lie c , ol argument, have )sis ,sl already fp.ni -ground of expediencv, 011 whii h I was 1 ui ing. to that of riglit'und jnitiee. inong ,, our n lihem, ms ,,f constitutional lnni.o,. oil" principle, one fundamental pum 1 has beep faithfully preserved, nanich J tlie new Statis must coin" voluntai il- nl the Union ; they must n it b lorced nr ,1 ' Unite or I lie,''' was the motto addr - ! t the Slates in the time of the lin.lnu Though K.ins.i" hould perish, she , , bo brought into tin Union bv force. So long a the Stales "haU'eoiiio in bv L consent, their admission will be an act 0 uniiiii.andtbiswill boa Confeileraev W1, , ever they shall bo brought in by liaiel 1 force, their admission w ill be an act .1 , u, solidation, and the nation, cubing t 1 1 Confeileraev. will lieeonio ui realitv in r piro . our e. inontnrv instr'ueti.ei wrong, or ( Ise thischang if the Constihini m will subvert the liba-ths of the Aim rn 1 iooil. on argue the con" ait of Kansa fr .111 I cuim-ntary proofs of Inr toned and 1 in.il aciine"C( nee, iihdir your tvraiinii.il rei from eleetioii" fiamlnle'iilly c.',iidu(ted. fr her own contumacy and Iran vourowni cord", made up lure agaiut Inr. I iii"W r the who e argument at once Kansa ) r ,t- -here, and stand. In voiir own ennfes-i.,n 1. nn attitude nf rebellion at homo, to p s'.- 1 aiinoxation which vou contend "he is . ,,, 1 ing iit your hands. Sir, if voiir proofs were a thousand tl .1 - stronger. I would not hold the people of K m "a bound by them. They are all eontrailn ed by teni fact-. A people can bo bound ' no action inndin ted in their name, und j tending to their sanction, unless tie v i joy j.u'1'eet freedom and safety in giving ll t coll", nt. V on have held the pe iplo ,, K ,1 a" in duress from the lir-t hour of th i tempted organization a- a . oininuniiv P crown this duress by an act. at one.- I'.r o Slavery on them, wliich they hate, and t' . 'i'i into a union with von. on i',tih, l.i.-l, , abhor, would be lmt to illustrate anew. ,n on a grand scale, the maxim Vo.xhm it filn riins, 1 1,ik 1,1., Mr. President, it i an oooa-ani for i .1.1 triumph when 11 community tli'a' 1.. gathered it". If together under eirciimstnn of privation and .il, am! pr .cis-ded thr u ason of Pirit 1ri.1l nr provincial d. 1. once nu di.tant central authority, bocm. tate, in the full nnovni.iit of civil .11. religious liberty, and'ri'ses int,, thedi -nf . a member of tins Imperial Union. Hut 1 the case of Kansas, h r w hole oxi-ten. been, and it vi t i. a trial, a tuni.-- .1 ehu.. and now vou 1 rmmsc to niak. ! nuptial a eolehr.'ition ofthe limir.il .a ' fro . lom. Th" people of Kansnarn cntn to have that freedom, for thev have w 1 baok whin it ha boon wrested horn them invasion and 11111 pntion. sir, vou or ' , ill!,..syl"jr ,, 'tli.fj -1 111 'not lOiie .tu engage w ith vou . but . vou can nevd. 10 conqiur Kansa-. Voiir power, like a tin which is built of pine hoiml an! With purple. I weakness, except it bed I ' en nv a p( opie coiiiniing in you, inr.iu-i-liod that vou are just, and e.s.p.ii -lroed"in that, iiiid.rvou, tie v euiov '11. ill view . once Illor'. of the su1 ' Slavery, I submit tli.it our own dignit . iiiii. s that wo shall 'ive over this ch imi with slaveliold, rs. which wo piactice m . si 1 ibing ,k qui sc. nee in their rule as a . . tion of tub ration nl lf-governiii"iit it T( nit. iri's. We are dol'eat.sl in it. W wisely give it up, and admit Kan 1 Free state, since she will consent t ' mitbsl onlv in that character. Mr. Presidi nt, if I could nt all siij 1 . 1 leiirable or eMs'dieut to enlarge the h M ' slave labor, and of slavi holding ..win . in I ill public, I should nevertheless niaiiit nn t' 1 it is wi.' to r. liuqiiish tlie ell .rt to -u 1 laviry in KaiiM. Th" question in r.i. 1 to that Territon , has ri-en fnnii a j v 1 ,1 one about sl.ivirv as a doiiHstie insuniti to one of Slavery a.i national poliov V every step, .011 have been hilling, vv ill v 1 go on any i'lirtlur, ever confidint, and 'v ever uiisucissfnl.' I Is'licve, -ir, to some cxtuit, in tl 1 thermal theory. I think there arc pgia beginning at the North pole, and "trotihin southward, where Slavery will die ..ut sum ir it be planted , and I know, too mil. p 1' in the tropic, and to s nne extent north vv .r of them. Slaw ry lives long, and i bar ', ' extirpate. Hut I cannot find acirtaiu b 111 dary. I am sure, however, that 3b- .11 too far north. I think it is a u.ova iKiundary, and that every year itadv.in , towards a more southern pa rail. I.. lint is there just now a real want of a . State for the emplovnient of "lave la', r ' I sec and feel the need of room for .1 10 w -'a-to bonssigned to free labor, of room f.u so. 1. a new State almost even vear I think I seel "w it arises. Free white up 11 ab nind in this conn trv.and in Faiiopcandevcn in Asia. Kcoiinmi cully speaking, their LiKt i chea). titer v a surplus of it. I ndcr improved condition society, liTe grows longer and men niultip y faster. Wars which sometimes waste them, grow less frequent and less destructive 111 volition i continually producing ma. limes tindengims.artifioiall.ilsirers, crowding t' from one field of industry to another . v r more from the Kistern regions of thi contin cm to the Wc"t. ever more from the over crowded Kastern continent to the prairies and wildernesses of our own Put 1 do not si v any such overflowing of the African si iv population in this country, even whip 1' unresisted. Fnv lals.r lias Ikvii obstruct 1 in Kansas There are, nevertheless. "ni.POil or t'.II.IIIM) Ireemen gathered there alread.v gathensl there within four vears. slavo ' 1 bor has lieon IV.) to iiii)sirtntiou Tin re ,.r only llM) to 2011 slaves there. To settle and occupy a new slave state any where, is, pnr piioi,'tod.'sijiiil,ite old slav estates. Whence then, are the supplies of slaves to come, hi 1 how' Only by reviving the African -1 tv trade Hut this is foibiddcu. Visnniai'ie dream that tho provision can ! i'p.,ii 1 The idea is iiiMiic. A liepublie ol thin millions of fiivmcn, with a (roc whit, la' Ing population i dense as nlre.ulv to cr "W 1 on sulisistenee, to 1. brought to niiiir no gnu's from Africa to supplant them us cubi vator, and so to subject theiu-elvos tostarv.t tion' Though Africa is vet unorganized, and iin.iMc to protect itseii,' still it has alread exchanged, 111 a large degree, its war, tv make slave and its commerce in sltves, fur legitimate agriculture and trade. All Kuril pean Suites arc interested in the civiliaiion of lli.it continent, and they will not ce-. ' tint we shall arrest 11 Tlie Christian I Imp cannot Is' fiirissl Kick two centuries and ' made to sanction the fticau Slave Trad" ,1 a missionary enterprise Fveiy nation has always s .1110 tilling 1 1 a which, howcvir, changes with the sev,ral stages of its development A tilling plea .f this continent two hundred years ag... wa labor to siilslue and reclaim nature 'I hen African Slavery wa seized and emplovod ,s an auxiliary, under a souniug iuvisit That idivi has ciMsisl forever. It has g.v.n place t" a pew oni V'grandi.cmint .ft. nation not indeed as it 01101 wa. toiiiak .1 small Stab hr. at hi t t 1 iak i "'ati sir a 1 great the gr. at -t .f all Mat - It -'i'i , mands hi', r Lot it . n 1 .n. . t' 11 t,- lalior of 1 ibiii.i.s 1 it 1 , j knowledge and ski" " ' 1 ' v all the scientih pr v ' . .. 1, ,