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VERMONT FARMER.
-A-IST uftuO-mOXJIjTXJIt-A.Xi -A-HXTID IPJTMLTTTSr NEWSPAPBB FOR THE RUBALISTS ODE1 THE GKRJEJHISr DVCOXJISTT-A-IOXr STATE.
VOL. IV.-NO. 6.
ST. JOKNSBTJRY, FRIDAY, JANUARY 9, 1874.
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I'UIIMSHEU WEEKLY,
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A COCICJJKY WAlt,.
The great Folllo Journey I hare done,
In many a town and tent I've found a lodrmsnt.
I think I're traveled to tho setting; sun,
And very nearlr reached the day or judgment,
Like Launcelot, In quest of Holy Grail,
From Western Bcersheba to Vankeo Dan
I've been a seeker, yet I sadly fall
To find the genuine type American.
Where is this objeot of my youthful wonder,
Who met me In tho p&zes of Sam Slick :
Who opened every sentence with by thunder,
And whittled always on a bit of a stick.
The more the crowd of friends around me thlokens,
The lets my chance to meet him seems to be i
Why did he freely show himself to Dickens,
To Dixon, Bala, Trollops, not to met
No one accosts mo with the words, " Wa'al Stranger I"
Greets me as Festive Cuss, or shouts Old IIoss I
No grim six-shooter threatens me with danger,
If I don't quickly pass the butter, boss.
Round friendly boards no cocktail ever passes,
No brandy smash my morning hour besets
And petticoats are worn by all tho lasses,
And the pianos don't wear pantalettes.
Tho ladles, when you offer chicken salad,
Don't say I'm pretty crowded, now, I guess i
They don't sing Mrs. Barney Williams' ballards
Of " Bobbing RounJ," nor add Sir-ee to yes.
I, too, have set, like every other fellow,
In many a railway, omnibus, street car i
N'o girl has spiked me with a fierce umbrella,
And said, Yon git, I mean to sit right thar
(lone aro the Yankcos of my early reading)
Jaded the Yankee land of eager guests I
1 meet with culture, courtesy, good breeding,
Art, letters, men and women orthebest.
Oh 1 follow Britons, all my hopes aro undonei
Take counsel of n.dIappointod man I
Don't come out horo, but stay at home in London,
And seek in books tho true American.
London Figaro
THE YOUTIH-UI. OUANdUll TO HIS
I.OVK.
The moon Is shining on the grange,
The winds are hushod, the leaves are still,
Tho patient stars look softly down
l'lon my cot at Shannon Hill.
Then come my horny-handed love,
And wander through tho dell with me.
And gaie upon the Durham bull,
And listen to his pedigree
Once I was In tho railroad ring,
But now my hands are bard with toll ;
I've scattered hay soed In my hair,
And blacked my boots with harness oil.
,
1 think I know a new milch cow
That's Just exactly what I need i
She's thin rrom running out to gnus,
But only wants a change of feed j
I'll mix a mash of free-trade bran.
Swindle, high taxes and back pay,
And coax her to the ballot-box,
And feed her till election dsy.
Jrttclti thit are brief, practical, and to the point,
fill receive the preference for thit column. Ten tines
of what you know it tetter than a column of what you
ueti.
For tho Veruokt Farmer.
SOW-THISTLE.
CORN
ftoiicliiie Arvcnsr, I,.
This dangerous weed, not mentioned in
Darlington's "American Weeds," and given
by Gray and Wood as "raro" and only oc
curring in Eastern Massachusetts and about
New York, appears to bo inarching through
our agriculture from the seaboard, whero
firot it i'ound a footing from tho Old World.
It is already in Vermont, for 1 gathered last
summer a specimen iu Vcrgennes for my
herbarium. It grows quite abundantly be
sido the wagou track in ono of tho by streets
o! tho totvn. From Le Naturaliste Cana
dien I learn that it is rapidly spreading over
tho valley of tho St. Lawrence, and doing
great damage in many places. Tho caso of
a farmer of Maskinongo is given, who was
unable to obtain 840 rental for a field which
had been wont to afford him $200, and
only becauso it was infested with this weed.
It is not a thistlo, as its namo might lead
a farmer to suppose, but it belongs to a ge
nus closely related to tho dandelion and
chiceory. Tho flowers closely resemblo those
of the dandelion in color, size, and construc
tion, but aro borno on branching stalks from
ono to two feet in bight, quito similarly to
the bluo flowers of wild chiceory. Tho ap
pearand of tho foliago is much like that of
tho dandelion, though much moro luxuriant.
We have two species of Sonchus long since
naturalized in this Btatc, 5. oleraceus and
S. asper, rather common weeds with milky
juice, and upright stems which bear small,
yellow, tasscMiko flowers and spiny, thistle
liko leaves. From tho last fact they receive
the namo of sow-thistle. Doth are annual
plants, but this ono, to which I wish to di
rect attention, is perennial. Once establish
ed in the soil, it maintains its ground against
all othor plants, and sends abroad, to plant
fresh fields, its seeds tufted liko thoso of tho
dandelion and the thistles,
Dcsidcs crowding out usoful plants with
Its rank growth, this now weed, when min
gling with tho herbago of our grass lands,
will bo likely to provo a soureo of further
mischief by imparting a bad flavor to tho
products of tho dairy by its bitter juices.
Assuredly every farmer ncods to bo on tho
watch for this new enemy, to grub it out by
tho roots beforo it scatters its seeds, and thus
to ward off its advancos. Hut will he ?
Aqbicola.
For tho Vemioxt Farmer.
ECONOMY OF FERTILIZERS.
Your articlo headed "A Penny Saved,
fco,," In tho last Fakmer was just what wo
need. Too many of us farmers are sending
off our money to buy patent manures whilo
wo allow a great deal moro to go to wasto
right hero at homo. Wo aro told that he
that takes good caro of what ho has shall
have more, but ho that cannot take caro of
ono talent must expect to loso what ho has,
and I fanoy it is about tho samo with tho
manuro question. If wo do not tako caro
first of what wo havo at homo wo need not
expect to do well with what wo send off and
buy. Thoro is hardly a farmer in tho coun
try who saves all tho liquid manuro which
you provo to bo so valuable, and they aro
still fewer who make use of all tho other
things that aro noarly as valuable. I have
a largo hole dug a short distanco from my
house, filled with muck, and carry all tho
water from tho kitchen sink, and tho soap
suds from tho washing, into it. Twico a year,
spring and fall, I haul out tho muck from
this hole and fill it anow. I never usod any
hotter manure for top-dressing, and it is bet
ter to put into tho hill for corn, than horse,
sheep, or cow manuro, and I think it Is equal
to that from tho hog-pen. Then I savo all
my ashes, being careful that nono nro wastoJ,
and compost with muck, barnyard manure,
scrapings from tho cellar and all kinds of
refuse, and think it pays well. Sly sugar arch
is on rather moist land and makes a good
deal of coal and I savo that for my onion
beds. I always raiso onions ou tho samo
ground and feel not a little pride in my suc
cess. With plenty of coal and salt and
good caro iu removing all tho wormy ones
from tho beds as soon as they show any
signs of being so, I havo littlo troublo with
tho worms, though I havo found it impossiblo
so far to bo entirely freo from them. Tho
only way to havo good onions is by tho uso
of "eternal vigilance."
Vermont Fakmkb.
Derby, Vermont, Dec. 20. .
For tho Yermoxt KAnxr.it.
PEAS, AS A FIELD CROP.
"I)f.au Sue In u Into number of tho
Vehmont Faiimek there was rm nrtiela from
your pen, I think, In which somothlng was
said nbout I'o.is. Now if you will write nn
articlo for the Faiimeu on l'o.is ns n Fiold
Crop, giving details of culture, &c, you will
obliges nt least ono render, nnd probably ben
cllt mini y more. Yours truly :
J. K. Ui:ai.
Amhent, Mass.
In compliance) with tho accompanying re
quest of Mr. Head I will rclato my oxpo
rienco with peas as a crop. I do not feel
competent to writo an articlo upon tho sub
ject that will bo interesting to any, oven Mr.
II., as I am not acquainted with the analysis
of tho grain, aud have not raised a sufficient
quantity to mako any experiment in feeding
Some thirty years ago I sowed nbout two
bushels of common field p?as, on three
fourths aero of land, at tho sccoud plowing
of newiih land or when tho stumps wero
rotten ouough to pull or plow out and har
vested twenty-seven bushels.
Sinco that tiiuo I havo raised a few bush
els every year, but cannot givo particulars
until, say thrco years ago, when I put ono
ami one-half bushels on half au aero of
greensward which had been pastured a few
years and plowed six inches deep, tho
quality of the soil was such as to produce
50 or GO bushels of oats, or 200 bushels of
potatoes por acre. 1 harvested fourteen
buthols of nice peas, known as black-oyed
marrowfats.
In 1872 I raised a very good crop on land
planted with potatoes tho year previous and
in good condition ; usually sow about two
bushels per aero. Tho black-oyo marrowfats
are very prolific.
Tho two last seasons 1 have usod tho
'Champiou of England" in part and liko
them very much as being earlier, sweeter for
green and nearly or quito as prolific. If
tho land is tolerably smooth and mellow I
prefer to sow upon tho furrow, tho teed is
moro easily covered j but if rough, bard, or
greensward, tho land should bo mollowcd
with tho harrow beforo sowing they aro
better not to harrow too much.
Somo peoplo sow peas only in tho old of
tho moon. I havo always sown wheu tho
soil is in proper condition, samo as for any
grain, without rogard to signs ; but would
prefer land of medium quality rather than
very rich j when very rich tho vines nro
rank and continuo to blow throughout tho
season, making tho harvest late, and tho
peas do not euro. Tho past season it cost
mo twico tho labor on this account that it
usually takes.
My way is to cut tho vines with a soytho
whon tho pods aro about two-thirds well
turned, turning them evory day or two if
tho weather is good, and throw into heaps ;
thoy will bo fit to go into tho barn in 4 to
0 days, and when tho machino comes, thrash
samo as any grain, only throw n blanket
over tho separator to keep from flying. 1
nover raised a mixod crop. Tho vines are
worth saving for sheep. I think tho grain
is valuable to mix with other grains and
grind for hogs, eattlo or sheep, worth moro
than corn for fatting stock, and excellent to
promote tho growth of wool, but I would
not feed it without mixing with other grain.
Whether it is a profitable grain to raiso
must be determined by circumstance, such
as location product and value of other crops,
soil of tho right character, iVo. tea., which
each producer can decide for himself. I
think it pays for mo to raiso a small crop
ovory year. A. D, Arms.
Monlpclier, Dec. 22.
For the Vermont Farmer,
FARM CHATS-NO. 19.
Fining Manure..
How few farmers thoro aro who compre
hend tho importance of pulverizing ma
nures. Thoy nro generally drawn to the
field in tho Spring, in tho coarsest form pos
sible ; hay, straw, and whatever was used
for bedding, unfermcnted, and tho coarso
clods unbroken. Tho manuro is spread and
the largo lumps aro plowed under, (lie
long part partly covered and moro uncovered.
Such manures aro not immediately availablo
as food for plants. Plants feed mostly at
the extremities of tho rootlets, through
mouths too small to be seen with tho naked
oye. Tho finer manuro is mado, tho more
easily it is dissolved in water, and thus
sooner passes into tho mouths of tho root
lets. Tho finest and most thoroughly worked
manuro, other things being equal, gives uni
formly tho best results. Tho fineness of
the particles is favorablo to tho chemical
combinations that tako place in the soil. ' It
is much sooner available, and the cultivator
gets an earlier return from his manures.
At this season kwo havo a very powerful
agent that can help this work of fining ma
nurcs without any expense. Jack Frost,
with a fair chanco to work, is that agent.
Tho best means of economizing frost for this
work is to cxposo tho manuro by turning up
new surfaces. Shoveling over nnd turning
tho manuro or compost heap, is profitablo
work during winter. Whero heaps nro
largo tho frost docs not penetrato very deep,
and thoy can easily bo turned, oven In cold
weather, and by so doing now surfaces nro
exposed to tho notion of the frost. Tho
moro it freezes anil thaws tho finer it be
comes.. Manuro and compost heaps ho
treated, and thoroughly worked, will bo In
nico condition for next spring's use, either
to spread and plow iu, or to put in tho hill ;
mid will bo ready to dissolve with the first
rains or other moisture, and will bo readily
taken up by tho plants for which thoy aro
intended. Winter is tho tlmo to push this
work along so as to bo ready for business
when spring comes. Why Not.
Vittsficld, Mass., Dec. 31.
For the Vkruomt Farmer.
PASTURING MEADOWS.
I do not bcliovo in feeding meadows in
tho fall (and no ono docs in tho spring).
With mowers wo can better nflord to feed
the second in tho barn, whero Iho manuro
can bo better preserved, aud where tbcro
will be no danger of the eattlo feeding too
close, pulling up tho grass by tho roots, or
treading up the ground, which thoy nro very
apt to do, especially whero it is nowly seed
cd. I want to get my haying done so early
that tho second crop of clover will bo in
blossom, so 1 can get it cut beforo wo havo
any sovcro frost, which is earlier than most
men aro ready to turn their stock in ; that
gives tirao for another crop to como up suf
ficient to protect tho roots through our
freezing winters. I top-dress to somo extent.
Whcthor to top-dress or rcsccd is an unset
tled question. 1 think it depends much up
on tho kind of soil, also its condition; it is
always safe to top-dress whero it is newly
seeded, if it will not cut two tous or moro
to tho aero; I top-dress whilo the grass
roots aro thick and vigorous, for whero tho
grass is light and thin I think it bcit to
plow and rcsccd. Tho best time to apply
manuro is just nftcr removing tho last crop,
which is about tho time of tho fall rains ; it
then acts as a mulch and fertilizer.
I havo practicol as recommended nbovo
but for tho last thrco years, yet I find it au
improvement every way. I not only got
more and better hay, and moro and bettor
manure, but I jet moro aud letter butter.
I find by having rowen and early-cut hay to
feed, 1 can mako fall butter in quality in
November and Dooember. I). N, F.
Morristown, Dec. 29.
Dormant Jfnrms.
For the Vermont Farmer.
"CREAM HILL BREEDING FARMS.
In tho north-west part of tho town of
Shorcham is nn elevated tract of land, the
approaches to which aro of so easy a grado
that no hill of importanco has to bo encoun
tered in reaching the highest clovation on
the Hill, yet when tho traveler is on tho em
inence, the view up and down tho Champlain
Valley is very extensive, and ho wonders
how ho camo upon so fino a prospect without
a more toilsomo climb to reach it. Why
this clovation was named Cream Hill is to
your correspondent unknown, but when ono
has onco become acquainted with tho land,
its location, and its productiveness, ho can
easily surmiso haw somo former owner may
have como to tho self-satisfying conclusion that
ho possessed tho cream of all the country round
about, a conclusion that it would bo easier
to disputo than to provo erroneous, for cer
tainly few farms in Vermont are moro fer
tile, or mora beautifully located than tho
"Cream Ilill Iirccding Farms" of Messrs.
Ilatos !i Harris, of "Shorcham.
Tho buildings, which are extensivo and
well built structures, mako a fino appear
auco for miles as one approaches them by
tho different roads loading to tho farms, and
tho view from there is ono of the finest wo
know. To tho north tho broad swoop of
tho Champlain Valloy, from tho Orccn
Mountains to tho Adirondacks on tho west,
and embracing Snako Mountain and glimpses
of tho Lake, with a largo part of tho towns
of Dridport and Addison, with their fertilo
farms, aro in view. To tho west lies two or
thrco miles of fertile, rich grazing lnnd bo
tween the hill and the lako, whilo
across tho lako tho towns of Fort Henry,
Crown Point, and Ticondcroga aro mapped
out, backed up by higher hills, and finally
by tho lofty Adirondack Mountains. To
tho south-west, and just across tho lako, riso
thoso mountains around old Ti, and at tho
head of Lake George, so famous in history.
To tho south lio tho fertilo hills of Or
well, Hubbardton, and Sudbury, whilo to
tho cast, far away, tho higher peaks in tho
Green Mountain range stretch from north to
south, with glimpses of parts of Salisbury
and Cornwall between. But although thcro
is a fino view of tho Green Mountains on
tho cast, thcro aro somo high hills immedi
ately cast of tho farm, that obstruct tho
view In that direction of tho intervening
lower lands lying between the farms and
tho mountains. Altogether tho panorama
all around, viowed soon alter sunriso on a
clear Juno morning, Is magnificent and well
worth a long journoy to enjoy, especially
with tho generous hospitality of A. O. Har
ris, Esq., who lives upon the placo and con
ducts tho operations of this extensivo estab
lishment on a liberal scalo,
Tho farm, which consists of about sovon
hundred and fifty acres, nearly all in view
from tho buildings, is most admirably adapt
ed to grass and stock raising.
Tho past season about -100 acres havo
been mowed, about GO acres cultivated, and
tho remainder, embracing a small amount
of woodland, is In pasture In addition to
this, about 100 acres aro rented from other
parties, to keep all tho breeding marcs and
growing colts that are kept upon tho farm,
and that aro owned largely in distant states,
being kept hero by their owners to receive
tho superior care and managament a of Mr.
Harris, and enjoy tho benefit and the advantage
of tho pastures, air and water of Western
Vormont, as well as tho benefit of tho blood
in breeding from some of tho very best stal
lions now kept at tho stud in this country,
moro especially for brcediug fast driving
horses for gentlemen's drivers or for the
hack.
The stock on tho farm is almost entirely
horses and colts, ono yoko of working oxen
and thrco cows being all tho other stock
kept tho past season, exoept perhaps a few
hogs to furnish a part of tho meat consumed
on tho placo, and to utilize any waste from
tho cows and family.
Bullion..
As tho chief attraction or speciality is
tho keeping of stallions of superior excel
lence and blood for brooding purposes, wo
will attempt a description of those kept
here. First is
Lambert.
almost too well-known to need description.
Ho is now fourteen years old, in full pos
session of all tho vigor of a colt, but with
a finish of a mature horso in cleanness of
head, neck, body and limb, with a stylo
rarely met with in any horse that has not a
cross of Morgan blood, with a slashing
strido that propels him along at tho speed of
a whirlwind, a courage that keeps up the
speed for any distance, and a prido that nev
er forgets tho style. In all these character
istics combined, by no horse that I have
ever'sccn is Lambert surpassed, or even to
my oye equalled.
The power to stamp upon his offspring
these characteristics seems to bo possessed in
a remarkable degree by this noble horse,
and his colts are making themselves famous,
and aro commanding largo prices for gen
tlemen's drivers, and a number aro coming
to the front as very fast for the track, and
are selling at very high prices. A largo
number havo been sold into the hands of
gentlemen who do not keep them for sport'
iog, and although tbey havo made cxtraor
dinary time in private, havo not received a
record, and thcreforo aro unknown to tho
publio as trotters. Lambert derives his
stylo aud spocd, as well as his courageous
disposition, from a happy cross of Morgan
and Messenger blood though his giro Ethan
Allen, and his dam, Fanny, by Old Abdal
lah. Tho pedigrees back of both theso aro
too well known to require elaborating here,
Tho performances that givo value as trotting
blood wero nearly all by Kthan Allen in tho
pedigrco back of Lambert, and aro most of
them ct public record, but' ono or two In
privato may not bo so well known. I have
seen it stated that in his younger davs he
trotted a half rnilo ou tho ico in ono minute,
and on tho track in 1:5. His son Lambert
has never had a long experieneo on tho
track, but in conscqucnco of an accidental
scorching by burning his stablo when young
ho was for somo timo unfitted for trotting,
and beforo ho returned to tho track his
great value as a sire was discovered and so
well appreciated that ho has been kept con
stantly at tho stud ever since, and so pop.
ular has ho becomo that it is impossible to
supply all with his services who apply, and
largo numbers havo been turned away, not'
withstanding his services havo been advanced
to 8100. Ho probably stands to-day tho
best patronized siro of trotters in New En.
gland, as well ns the most popular of tho
colts of Old Ethan.
Abraham.
Hut Lambert is not tho only horse at
Cream Ilill that is making a name aud mon
ey for his ownors as a siro of trotters. Abra
ham, a blood bay, by Lambert, out of Polly
Cook, she by old Ulackllawk. isdoins much
to increaso tho popularity of this branch of
iU organ trotters, and materially increaso tho
profits of tho stock farms at Cream Ilill.
This horso received such abuso when young
as to permanently disablo him for driving or
trotting, and forever mar his bcautv. but
when ho is led out his efforts at stylo show
what a fino appearance ho would havo made
bad ho had reasonablo treatment iu his
younger days. Tho performances of somo of
bis colts havo been so remarkable, and all
his stock bo uniformly fino In sizo. color and
action, that although his services have been
held much lower, ho has had all tho business
ho could do through tho summer at Cream
Hill, and has been making a l&to fall and
winter season nt tho stock farms of Mr.
Dates, in Massachusetts, tho senior Mariner
of tho firm of Bates & Harris. This last
demand for tho services of Abraham has
been crcatod by tho performances of some of
his colts that havo been sold at long prices
at Boston.
Thero nro three colts sired by Abraham
that aro claimed by their owners to havo
mado time in privato unequalled by tho per
formances ot any of similar aeo. Two four-
year-olds nro olaimcd to havo mado full miles
in privato in 2:25, and hair miles in 1:10J
and 1:11.
Ilrokeii Leg.
To satisfy tho demand for tho services of
a stallion of Hambletonian blood, and also
to try tho cross upon a few of tho voune
marcs from Lambert at tho Cream Hill
Breeding Farms, Mr. Harris has procured
tho young stallion Broken Leer, a name ho
received from having ono of his logs broken
when urst loalcd. This horso is tall, rangy,
very stylish, aud of extraordinary strido and
powerful trotting action. He was sired by
tuo Uvsdict liambletontau, aud liko him
will, we have no doubt, get somo very fast
colts ; but we think he will not provo as
good a horso, as a sirs of stock of average
excellence as gentlemen' drivers, as cither
Lambert or Abraham. He has been very
liberally patronized tho past (his first) sea
son on tho farms, and has been well sunnlied
with excellent marcs, and tho valuo of this
cross will bo fairly tested, but we do not an
ticipate that ho will provo suncrior to. cr
oven the equal of, either Lambert or Abra-
ham, as a stock horso. Thcso thrco stallions
constitute all those used to any extent at
tho Cream Ilill Breeding farms.
1 havo imperfectly given somo acceunt of
the breeding operations on thcso farms.
Theso operations aro having a very marked
influence upon tho stock not only of tho
Immediate neighborhood, but it is extending to
other states, marcs having been sent not on
ly from all tho New England States, but
large numbers from New York, and 1 be
lieve from other states. This success in
popularity must bp very gratifying to the
proprietors, and what is of moro conse
quence, tho investment is proving very prof
itable. Wo havo been informed by Mr.
Harris that tho rcccipU in 1872, for servic
es of stallions; sales of colts, and keeping
mares and colts, wero over 830,000.
Under tho cnergetio management of Mr.
Harris, whilo everything is conducted with
liberality, all is managed with economy, nnd
a largo portion of tho receipts must bo a
balance of profit. Wo havo no doubt that
this is ono of tho best paying farms in tho
state.
Thus, Mr. Editor, wo havo iu a hurried
and imperfect manner given, ut your request,
somo description of tho Cream Hill Breed
ing Farms. 1 only wish that I had a moro
Intimate acquaintance with tho stock of thoso
celebrated horses, so as to givo you moro ol
their names, aud moro facts of their per
formances, but though I have been promised
them, and havo long been waiting for
them, I havo been obliged to prepare this
with such information ns has been obtaiucd
by a very imperfect, cursory observation,
and such as is generally well known to tho
public. 1 am hoping at Fomu futuro timo to
bo ablo to givo more mlnuto facts connected
with tho operations on theso farms that arc,
by tho importanco and extent of their influ
ence upon horso breeding, drawing so much
attention. O.
Snirn.
For tho Vermont Farmer,
DAIRY QUERIES.
1 would like to inquiro through tho Far
mer :
1. What is tho best depth to set milk to
sucuro tho most butter?
2. Whero water is used to keep tho milk
at tho right temperature for raising cream,
not having running water but having to uso
ice, can the temperature of the milk bo kept
sufficiently even by putting tho ico into tho
vat, as with tho Orange county pan, or
would it bo better to have nn extra vat for
water, and put tho ico into that, as with tho
Jcwctt pan, and most all other Urge pans?
U. hat is tho best churn in uso?
4. What is the best coloring for butter?
5. What is tho best method fur removing
wood taste from butter tubs?
1). X. FuiltAND.
Morristown, Dec. 20.
CHEESE FROM A SMALL DAIRY.
Four specimen cheeses of sua 11 weight,
but of superior quality, were presented at
tho county fair by . I. K. Ilollistcr, Esq., of
MarshGcld. Thoy were mado from a dairy
of six cows, ami tho following is tho meth
od of making them : The milk was set, hot
from tho cow?, ono tablcspoouful of prepar
ed rennet being added to twelve quarts of
milk. The uight's curd was crossed off, and
standiug till moruin was dipped off. Tho
morning' milk was served tho same, and as
soon as convenient the whey was removed by
gcutlo pressure Then tho curd was scalded
with water, a teacup of salt added to each
ten pounds, and pressed iu tin hoops six
Inches in diameter. Tho weight of each
cheeso when green was soven pounds. Thoso
"littlo fellows" wero tho admiration of all
beholders, and Mr. Ilollistcr und his "better
half received many compliments for their
success in beating tho English cheese.
Freeman.
BUTTER FACTORIES.
Just now factory butter, liko factory
cheese, briugs an extra price. In butter fac
tories, as iu cheese factories, a superior class
of help is employed, and wo think tho ex
penses to the patrons aro lightened and the
profits increased. We find it so among our
cheeso factories, and no (armor's wife who
has been once rid of cheese making would
bo willing to return to tho old method. It
would bo just so with farmers' wives, if tho
farmers iu tho butter district wero to onco
adopt tho factory system of making butter.
It is such a rolitf to tho family ! And as
tho sales are generally mado oftcner, thcro is
tho advantago of always having ready mon
oy. The samo modo of dividing expenses
and tho proceeds of sales may bo employed
in butter factories that arc employed iu
cheeso factories. Or a company may bo
formed to buy the milk. Or, as we havo
elsowhero suggested, only cream might bo
taken to tho factory. As to tho buttermilk
and skimmed milk, that may bo fed to hogs
or calves. If tho factory is to bo conducted
on tho pro rata system, a good way would
bo to purchase) calves or hogs, with tho mon
ey of tho patrons, taking thoso of tho pat
rons at a fixed rate per pound, put them to
gether and employ a man to tako caro of
them, If any additional food is needed, let
it bo purchased with tho common fund, by
an exocutivo committee, In tho fall, whon
the calves and hogs aro disposed of, let tho
proceeds bo divided pro rata. It seems to
us that this would givo satisfaction, aud wo
know it would mako freer, happier homes,
to get rid of tho care and drudgery of tho
dairy. This, to us, is a vital consideration,
and induces us to favor any kind of profita
blo association that will lift tho burdens from
tho backs cf our women. Utica Herald.
KellgloH Is not mere debt wo owo to (iod :
It is a spirit of fellowship and sympathy with
lllm ; it is tho highest proof that God lias
mado us for hlmsoll, nnd redeemed us to
himself, nnd called us to bo ronowed in Ills
imngo onco more, nnd to be perfect ns our
Father in heaven Is perfect
DID WELL WITHOUT SALT.
A correspondent states that at a Crango
meeting In Calais, Bee. 0th, L. G. Dwinell
remarked that a few years ago he decided
not to salt his cattle for a timo in order to
ascertain wholhor salt benefited them or not.
Tho trial lasted thrco yoars, and his conclu
sion was that salt was not beneficial to them.
Ho stated that his eattlo did as well In all
respects without salt as with it, and that a
cow troubled with the garget ceased to bo
troubled that way when deprived of salt.
--
THE VALUE OF FOOD.
Wo copy tho following scnsiblo sugges
tion from tho Prairie Farmer for tho pur
poso of enforcing ono of its main hints upon
all who havo tho caro and feeding or 'stock.
It is, that good caro and good feed should
bo given all animals during tho feeding sea
son. They need this moro now than they
will during tho long warm days of March j
for animals loso in flesh who aro neglected
in cither the matter of caro or feed during
tho early winter and no farmer with a
barn full of hay can afford to let his animals
loso flesh. This is the good advice of our
valuable cotcmporary :
"No breeder should fail to , bear in mind
that nearly all the benefit or abundant sum
mer feed may bo sacrificed in a few short
weeks of inattention or mistaken economy of
food in tho fall and early winter. All loss
of flesh is a loss of money, nnd in fine stock,
in tho rcariug of which improvement is
sought, a loss or flesh involves an "advanco
backwards." Especially is this true of
Shorthorns and Hcrefords among cattle, and
of all other breeds of domestic animals
whoso aluo is chiefly for their flesh.
Thorough bedding is not moro necessary
thau thorough feeding ; nnd tho latter means
n full fiipply of nutritious food during tho
animal's life as a breeder. Let no young
herdsman bo deterred from persevering in
tho practice of generous feeding by tho bug
bear of the "forcing system." Possibly ono
breeding animal in a thousand is injured by
being fed too highly whilo not suffered to
take the needful exercise; but if so, at least
live hundred in every thousand fail to im
provo iu themselves or In their progeny, be
cause their owners practico tho "natural sys
tem." Hcmcmbcr that nature docs not im
prove. Noah took into tho ark just as
good buffalos, camels, deer and domestic ani
mals as "nature" anywhero owns to-day.
Progress is iu tho corn-crib, tho bluo grass
pasture, aud tho nover ceasing caro of man,
bo tho blood what it may.
Horticulture.
For tho Vermoxi Farmer.
THE TRITOMA.
A correspondent, ono of my flower friends,
writing of tho blooming of her tritoma,
complain! of tho flowers that they aro any
thing but "dazzling," as sho had been led to
expect to seo them by tho descriptions of
tho plant in the florists' catalogues. I re
member experiencing something of tho same
disappointment at Grit, but 1 havo como to
esteem this very highly as au ornamental
plant. Tho colors or tho flowers, tho red
or the unopened flowers or tho upper part
or tho spiko gradually fading out to yellow
in tho fully cxpandod flowers below, aro
not particularly bright, it is true j but when
tho plant has attaiucd sizo, and sends up
from tho midst or its great tufts or dark
green foliage, grass-liko, and falling grace
fully to tho ground on all sides, a largo
number of its tall flower-scapes, tho effect is
remarkably fine. It appears to better ad
vantago when it occupies alono a circular
bed on tho lawn (or groups of theso), iu
eloso proximity to shrubbery or evergreens,
than when crowded in mixed beds or bor
ders, and a little distanco seems to increaso
its attractions.
In our latitudo and under our short sum
mers it requires to bo started early, and to
bo placed in a warm exposure Tho soil
should be light and warm, nnd should bo en
riched with well rotted manuro, aud peat or
leaf mold thoroughly mixed with tho soil
to tho depth or two feet.
Tho tritoma is hardy iu tho latitudo of
Now York, and sinco lilting tho plants and
wintering them iu tho cellar weakens them,
I shall undcrtako to carry some of my spec
imens through tho winter in tho open
ground. As they stand uoar evergreens,
when tho snow lies deep and long, I bclievo
a covering of six inches of leaves will ex
clude tho frost sufficiently, Horte.vsius.
For the Vermont Farmer,
HARDY APPLE TREES.
It Is almost amusing to hear tho variously
conflicting opinions or different parties on
tho fruit trco question in Northern Now En
gland and Canada. Ono bcliovcs that "tho
applo trco is too tender for this climate, and
can bo grown hero successfully only when
grafted on the crab root," whilo tho actual
experieneo or bis neighbor living In tho samo
school district or perhaps on au adjoining
rami, gives tho lio to this kind of philosophy
by growing good fruit on good, strong,
healthy, grafted trees on Euglish applo roots,
simply becauso ho has chosen hardy varie
ties of trees, plantod them ou good ground
und taken caro of thcro, whilo another neigh
bor has triad a few crab applo trees, of which,
though not many havo died, tho fruit is of
such an abominable quality that ho considers
himself unfortunato and almost angry be
causo they havo not, for ho has lost not only
tho monoy and timo expended upon them,
but also the opportunity of having his
ground occupied with good and valuable
trees and getting the growth ou thorn, in
stead of those which are (in many instances)
worso than nono.
Another man will tell you that "graftod
trees aro too tender, and nothing but seedling
trees will succeod in this northoru climate,"
But on being asked if his grafted trees
which ho lost by winter killing, or from cli
mato In any way, killed below tho sur
laco or tho ground, ho abmits that thoy did
not, and that usually tho root or tho winter
killed trco is entirely uninjured, and will, af
ter tho top is killed, continuo to sprout up
year after year. "No troublo," ho says,
" about roots winter-killing," and this is
truo. Ask him if somo trees in nn orchard
of seedling trees nro moro hardy and thrifty
than others, and scorn adapted to this cli
mate, and withstand all the hard seasons,
and continuo to bear good crops or fruit,
whilo others In tho samo ground, with tho
same cxposuro and cultivation, dio out, or
remain barren nnd unthrifty, and if he is not
exceedingly bigoted or stupid, ho admits that
all this is truo.
Now then, tho caso is as clear as mud that
when scions aro cut from the hardiest and
most productive seedling trees, which it is
admitted are "all right," and grafted on
common seedling applo roots, which "aro
always all right below the surface " wo get
a trco which is, to say the least, more hardy
and productivo than nn average seedling.
Most of tho older orchards iu tho region
of country abovo alluded to aro only seed
ling trees, and tlu peoplo wero heretofore
so littlo experienced with tho standard varie
ties of grafted fruit iu their section as gen
erally to bo unable to mako a selection of
the varieties best adapted to tho climate,
and henco the mistakes and discouragements
so commou with them in (heir efforts to prop
agato choico varieties or grafted trees. It
is indeed discouraging to purchaso and set
out a lot of nice trees, and then havo seven
eighths or them turn to dry brush tho first
or second year. But wo must remember
that certain varieties or trees aro tender in
certain localities, and it is or no moro uso
to try to grow them in the far North than
an orange tree, nnd also that small trees
need taking caro of during -n few years after
transplanting, and this is more of a grass
country than a fruit country, and if small
trees nro set in grass ground, or grass aud
weeds allowed to grow around them, tho
grass will grow and tho little trees will dio
or become unthrifty and worthless. There
aro some varieties of apple trees which suc
ceed well here, and although only small or
chards of tho hardy grafted trees havo been
tried, thcro arc somo vigorous and produc
tivo young orchards even in this (Orleans)
county which pretty effectually controvert
tho theory that grafted trees will not succeed
in Northern Arcrmont. Indeed the instances
aro rare, I think, in whicli au orchard or
well chosen varieties or grafted trees, set iu
good ground and well taken caro of, have
failed to reward the owner with liberal crops
and n good, thrifty growth.
Thero are grafted trees within my knowl
edge which wero transplanted five years ago,
which produced this year over ono bushel
each oi' nice, largo fruit. Now, if the plant
cr who planted two or threo trees had plant
ed two or threo hundred instead, nnd har
vested as many hundreds of bushels, is thcro
any doubt about tho profitableness of tho in
vestment, with apples at 20 cents per bush
el ? Tho abundant crops of apples which
grew almot spontaneously hero when the
land was ucw nud trees wero almost sure to
annually load down with fruit, is evidence
enough that wo can grow our own apples
hero, and tho amount of apples annually
transported from other sections to Northern
Vermont, which nearly every town in tho
north part of tho stato cau count by tho hun
dreds of barrels, is argument enough if any
wero needed in favor of planting trees.
Thcro is uo moro necessity Tor sending away
fijr our apples thau ror our potatoes, whilo
wo can raiso them for less thau tho cost or
transportation. Tho chier difficulty is in
obtaining nn assortment or long-kecpiug va
rieties, on account or a tendency in these va
rieties to continuo growing late iu tho sea
son, thus fiiling to sufficiently ripen their
Fruit, lleuco tho necessity or promoting tho
growth early iu tho season by cultivation
and by stimulating fertilizers.
For most localities au assortment of keep
ing apples may now bo had to furnish a very
aoccptablo quality or fruit tho year round,
aud new varieties aro from timo to timo be
ing slowly added to tho list, it requiring timo
and patient effort to test aud sufficiently de
velop thcso now fruits iu respect to tho thrco
important requisites, viz. : hardiness, good
quality of fruit, and productiveness; tho
last mentioned being by no means tho least
importaut requisite, sinco upon this depends
tho profit or tho investment in orchard
planting. Any ono who may know or a
good, sound, healthy trco possessing these
qualities, and especially if growing in a lo
cality specially unfavorable to fruit trees,
can do good servico to his neighbors and tho
publio generally by bringing it to the notico
of nurscrymon nnd other fruit-growers.
Thcro aro somo such trees which havo with
stood nil tho sudden changes of March and
October, and tho rigors or our northern win
ters duriug tho last half century, invinciblo
even by that terrible degreo of cold which
chills tho mercury, and still continuo to grow
and blossom and bear fruit upon tho frozen
peaks of Northern Vermont, and when or
chards nro propagated from scions cut from
such trees, thcro is somcthinng moro than
guess work to back tho assumption that they
will bo hardy iu this climate. Wo havo ev
idently mado somo mistakes in our choico of
varieties of fruit for tho moro unfavorable
portions or Northern Now England and
Canada, and this has been caused in part by
tho recommendations and discussions In tho
agricultural papors published at a distauco,
and which did not apply to our locality, and
wore thcreforo calculated to mislead us and
Induco us to adopt just thoso varieties whicli
wo did not want, ir instead of this our
peoplo would mako our own local papers tho
medium through which to impart and obtain
tho rcquisito knowledge upon this subject,
they would find it a much moro practical
and consequently more profitable soureo of
Information. To this end let every ono who
is Interested in fruit culture remember that
tho Veumont Faumeu has a Horticultural
Department, nnd that whatover facts of prac
tical valuo ho may possess may bo mado
availablo through its columns.
Gloccr, Dec. 12. F. P. Ciiknev.
Rubies' jptprtmwt.
HYGIENIC HINTS.
Tho following extract aro from an excel
lent articlo by Professor E. II. Palmer In
Home and School, the valuable educational
monthly published by J. P. Morton & Co.,
Louisville, Ky :
Cold Water III Hie Sick-room.
Nothing could be clearer to tho oye of
common sense than that thirst oxprcsses u
need of the organism. A roan perspiring free
ly craves water because his blood is parting
with its watery constituents'; and drinks ore
demanded for a similar reason In diseases,
such as cholera, attended with wasting dis
charges. A cholera patient onco exclaimed
to me, pausing as she drank a glass of ice
water, " Doctor, every swallow is worth a
hundred dollars." Cold beverages havo the
effect in' fevers of cooling down tha body di
rectly by contact, and subsequently by af
fording water for evaporation from tho sur
face. And henco it is that thirst becomes
the most intolerable of all tho cravings of
patients laboring under fever or inflammation,
Children suffer immensely from thirst when
indisposed. Their moans nnd cries, kept up
for hours together, often have their origin iu
this distress, which they can cxprcts by no
lauguago except thcso cries ; and it is won
derful to behold the relief frequently afford
ed by a draught of cold water.
Fitt Mens for Consumptives.
A tasto for fat moat is unfortunately not
universal among children, but wheu it shows
itself it is often universally repressed by pa
rents. This taste is another expression of
tho wants of tho living system which wo can
not disregard witli impunity. Without fats
tho organism canuot bo built up in perfec
tion. Futs counteract the tendency to con
sumption. Observation has established the
interesting fiict that persons who in early
life (how a tasto for Tat meat seldom full
victims to that disease ; and, rice versa, that
consumptives havo generally shown nn early
repugnance to such rood. There cau bo no
question as to tho lesson taught by this Tact
that when the appetite exists it ought to
be indulged, ai.d that it ought, if possible, to
be created, when wanting, by tonics nud
abundaut cxerciso in tho open air.
Why a Cltllil Level felifrnr.
Tho craving of children for sweets is well
known to bo one of tho most imperious of
their appetites. It has reference probably
to that ceaseless activity which especially
characterizes the ago of chidhood. It may
l.e that sugar perforins in their systems the
part enacted by fatty substauco in tho bodies
of adults. As it undergoes oxidation is
burnt up, circulating with the blood it may
be the source of the power which enables them
to keep in motion rrom morning to night
Besides this, it is known that it renders
easier aud more pel feet tho digestion of the
albuminous rood upon which their growth
depends. In respect to thcso offices it is
therefore essential to their well-being. Aud
yet how strong, fjr generations, has been
tho prejudice againU sugar! I'uder what
(liHieultics,aud iu the fauoof what discourage
mi'uts and protests, havcnm-childrcn obtained
the luxury !
SEDENTARY HABITS OF GIRLS.
It is a material error in the physical edu
cation of girls to condemn them from thu
cradle to n sedentary life, veiled or otherwise
defended from every gleam ol" tho glorious
sunshine, aud thus aiding directly, not only
iu tho quickening or hereditary tendencies to
dis:ase, but in tho acquisition of a highly
nervous temperament, and exposing them in
after years a proy to dyspeptic and hysteri
cal disorders most distressing to themselves
and often exceedingly disagreeable to friends
and others in whoso society they may bo
thrown. Girls should havo tho samo free
dom in their outdoor gambols as boys, for
without fresh air and iudulgcnco in bodily
sports respiratiou" and digestion cannot be
fully performed. To fetter tho muscular ac
tivity of childrcu, under tho pretenr" "r im
proving their minds aud manners is not only
in direct opposition to nature, but an insult
to common sense. Go into tho common
schools and thero witness tho effect of sys
tematic fettering the muscular motions, and
forcing the brains of children. See tho closely-packed
iron chairs in the imperfectly
ventilated rooms ; obscrvo tho drill of the
task nnd posturo masters ; look at the many
pale-faced, poor littlo, puny creatures somo
of them already stooped aud deformed of
eight, ten, twelve or fourteen years of age,
who are severally pointed out by tho teach
ers as the smartest children of the school,
and hence aro given prominence at every
publio examination; observe tho delighted
parents on such occasions, and how todulous
ly disposed tbey are to furnish ovcry means
to hasten the growth of tho bud of promis
ing genius at tho expense or total neglect of
the physical powers. Such training may bo
tho best way to produce enervated puppets, or
short-lived prodigies of learning, but well
informed never to form healthy, pure-minded,
and accomplished wives and mothers, fitted
for a lifo of usefulness, and to bless tho house
hold. Parents aware of their own tendency
to infirmities of body or mind, should be un
ceasing in their vigilanco over their children,
so as to prevent predisposition from becom
ing a habit. For example, a child of pa
rents prono to epilepsy, apoplexy and insan
ity, and who display precocity of mind and
great vivaoity or feelings, should bo kept
free from all irritants in tho shape of food,
and drinks or application to tho outer senses,
from strong appeals to tbo feelings, and be
encouraged to bodily exorcise, rather than to
book -tastes. Dr. Reeves.
Spiced Tomatoes.
Cut a peck of green tomatoes in slices,
with six green peppers aud four onions ; let
them stand over night, and drain off tho
water; put them in your kettlo with a
teacup of salt, ono tablespoon of mustard, a
teaspoon of cloves, allspico and cinnamon ;
cover with vinegar, and boil fifteen minutes,
