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W THE DARK AOT) TROHBLED OTGIIT THAT IS UPON US, THERE IS NO STAR ABOVE THE HOMZON TO GIVE US A GLEAM OF LIGHT, EXCEPTLNG TIIE INTELMGEI
WUIG PAETY OF THE UNITED" STATES ."-WBBarsa.-
VOLUME
MIDDLEBURY, VERMONT, TUESDAY MOBHING, FEBRUARY 1 1848.
NUJVIBER 40.
II. BELL,
miTon jixd morniETon.
TERMS OF YOLUME XII.
Yillage subscribers. $2,00
Mail subscribers, within the State, - - - S 1,50
lf not paid within the year, - - - - - Sl,75
Mail subscribcrs out of thc State, - - - 52,00
Individaals and Companics who takc at thc oflicc,
$1,50, or $1,75 if not paid within the ycar.
Those who take of Fostridcrs, - - - - $2,00
If not paid at tho cnd of tht ycar, - - - $2.25
Xo papcrs discontinacd nntil arrcaragcs arc
paid, exccpt at thc option of thc proprictor. Xo
contract wim, or payment madc to Carriers, cash,
kccping, or otherwi;e, allowcd, exccpt asscnted to
by thc proprictor. j
AI1 comnumications rnnst bc auuressca to tne
ciitorl'osT 1'aii.
JUSTUS COBB, PmxTEn,
et nrnoM all kixis ofiiook asd job ritixT
ISC WILL nn EXBCVTED OX
EHOUT OTIC.
From thc Vermont Chroniclc.
THE DAUGUTEIVS ItEQUEST.
Tathcr, thcy tcll me to-nigbt thoult bring,
A hridc to thy home of sadncss,
And tho halls of mourniug again will ring,
With thc sound of mirth and gladness.
1'athcr, my hcart is sad, and wild
With anguMi ! my brain is rccling !
JCay, frown not thus on thy mothcrlcss child,
15u: bear w iih this Inrst of fccling.
Thou know'st on my mothcr's gravc Ihc flowcrs
Of a ycar havc scurccly startcd,
Then Jiidc inc not, if in this sad hour,
I wccp for thc dcar dcparicd.
Oh, bcar with the gnshing tcirs awhilc,
1'or my hcart isopprcsscd with sadncss;
And thcn to-night I will strivc to sniilc,
And wcar a look of gladness.
I'atlier! a lioon I aslc 'tis all
Thou may'st grant to a hcart thus rivcn,
Ti thc image that hangs iu yondcr liall,
if hcr who is now ia HcaTcn ;
That l)Ciutiful facc, so swcetly mild,
Wiih iu look of gentlc mccknes.
Ilaih a powcr o'cr ihc hcart of hcrcrring child,
In its wildest momcnts of wcakncss.
And to night. when thosc maddcning tkoughts
arisc,
Which my spirit of pcacc is robbing
I gazcin thc depths of those soft dark cyes
'Till it stiilcth my hcarts wild throbbing!
T! cy tcll me shc thou iilt Iring to-night,
Is fair as a pocts vision;
A crcatura wiih form and f.icc as bright
Aa tlKp-e who pcople Elysium.
B.it it swcllcth my hcart with a painfcl thrill,
Tliat the image uf anothcr,
Krc hcr kiss is co'.d on onr lips, should fill
The placc of my sainted raothcr.
Iltit grant mc thj boon I ask. and though
Each fibre with grief is nclung,
T!:c bcautiful hridc shall ncicr know
That t!ie hcart of thv rhild is brcaking.
A GOOD 'L'N AT TIIE EXPEXSE OF
TIIE UIU'EK TEX TIIOCSAXU.
i!"jor Xoali thus ic'Julgcs in a rccrici
nbi'.u scatcd ia the nu-.v Aslor 1'Ince Opcra,
Xi-w York :
" Ia thc ixmht of 31 thc blazc of jcwelry &
ruit'.'.u ' of filks. thc tastu ot lrcs.s scncr.illv
a;:ionThat is m-ncrallv called our tashinna-
lilw at thc Ojicra, rbila luvdling thcir Inrg
netls at thi: Miigcrs,andioutiiigrnro:irilftra
ci, wj havp iuiainnetl wliat wouldbc thcir con-
f! .nation if all thc traps on the stage wcro to
op 'a at oncc, nnd all thcir dcad anccstors tol-
cu'alv nsc uuore tlicni tuc tiiocinaKer, witn
hi apron, hamnicr and lapstone thc tailor
with liis shears rfnd mcasurf.s the earpenter
with his adze thc bakcr with his nical thc
butt'hur with liis ruuij) stcak the liuckster
with hcr baskct ol grccns, carrots, potatocs !
What shakin and trembiing tliere would be
p.mon" the silk?. laccs and fcithers thc ti"ht
cravats, white waitcoaf, 0iera hats and j cl-
low k:us- And when thc siKictnwouUljrlai'e
ut tbeni, nnd sbake thcir licads at the folly of
t icir jjo-ition, aml puintms m dcnsion wjth
liu-ir kil)ny iingers to tiie golden frct-work.
paintcti uomc and ncnlv coloreu panncls, uca-
i ated to an ainueincnt,aud in a:Ianguae nci-
tJier of whicli they undcrstoou, Iiow eadivcr
oua and crest falfcn ,woull all this tastc and
fasbion appear ! And with a dificrcnt, a less
less exclusive habit, bow amiablc it would bc.
MIXOR MOK-VLS POH MAKKIED PEO
PLE,
" The last word" is the most tlangcrons of
mfernal machines. Ilusband and wife should
no more fight to gct it than thcy wonld strug-
glc for the possession of alighted bomb-shell.
Kccp an Epictetus in ronr dining room to
rcad whilc waiting for thc completion of yonr
wifcs toilct
Marricd people should studv each othor's
wcak points, as skaters look out for thc weak
parts ot tbc lce, in ordcr to kccp off thcm.
Ladies wbo marry for snonev should rrmm
bcr that tbe union of angcls with women has
bcen forbidden since the flood.
The wife is the ran of the social systcm.
V-uloss sbe attracts, thcre is nothing to kecp
i-'ary bodiea like husbands, from flying off in
lj jpace.
smoke always hides the most disagreeabie part
The wife who would propcrlv dischare lier
dujjcs, niust neverhave a soul :abovc buttons."
The bbcrties of England bave becn won by
mutual concessions. Lct the buabsnd who
tvould acqmre the pnrilege of askinr friends
dmner withont notice, rcmember this when
'is wife bints at a new bonnet The wife's
want is thc husband's opportunity.
. 'otwithstauding the assertions of mathema-
L.nans, the marnage nng rs a circle which hu
auu BUU nave mC prouiem sct them
lr.rV, tl
of
r. 4uare.
Don't trust too mncn to good temper when
yoa gct mto an argomcnt. The Indians pro-
ce fire bv birj thc driest sticks.
f 13 , " -rs most universally dif
' J;e , hrough u . - at Jral nroducts. Let m.ir-
nea ople lake ,. from this provision of
From 'Washington and his Gcncrals.'
TJATTLE OF MOiNIOUTH.
UT J. T. nEADLT.
Tho Ecglish army, ten thonsand strong, had
CTacuatcd l'liiiadclphia, and was nassing through
New Jcrsey, on its war to Xcw 1 ork. Tlie wholc
countrj was filled witli the marching columns
tne ba"2n2e train alone stretehed twdce
tlte Toad. On the rcar of this annv. in order tn
cnt itand the baggagc train from the main bodv.
fire thousand mcn to commcncc thc attack. Thc.
iiiiiuiuxi ucicruiiucu 10 laii. ana sent inrwnni
command of tliis bclongcd to Lcc, but hc rcfusing
to acccpi it, u was givcn to iafayettc The lor
mer.howcTcr.thinkingit would havcan ngly look
to declinc scmng in sncli an important batde as
tliis promiscd to bc, thangcd his mind and
askcd for the post assigncd him, which was
cenerouslv irrantcd bv ljfavitii- Tho
mg ot tlic 2oth ot June, was oncof thc sultriest
of thc ycar; yctatan earlyhour, Lcc, who was
but five miles from llonmouth. whcre the British
army had cncampcd that night, put his troops in
motion. Pushins ranidlv on.tbrou"h thcwnmli-il
country, hc at lcngth cmurgcd on the nlain of
X T , . . 1 1. 1 : 1 1 t . , . n . j 1
jiuiuuuuiu, juui uKe uiai oi .iarcngo, sccmcd
made on purpose for a battlc-ficld. Forming his
men in the woods, to conccal them from the cne
my,hc and 'Waync rodc forward to rcconnoitrc,
and lo ! all thc ample plain lielow thcm was dark
with the moving masscs. To the stirring sonnd
ofmnsic, the stcady columns of the grenadicrs
morcd stcmly forward, thcir bayoncts glittering
in thc mornins sunlishi. whilc far as thc evn mn!tl
rcafli, lollowed aftcr the immense train borses
and waggons toiling tlirough the sand aad fJling
the air with dust.
Wayne dcsccndcd likc a torrcnt upon this linc
of marcb, and soon thc sliarp rattlc of mnskctrv,
and roar of cannon, and hcavy smokc, tohl whcre
he was pouring his troops to the charge. Lcc, in
tl;c mcan time. uith thc rcst of his divi5ion. took
a circuitons march to fall on thc hcad of tIic'cori.s
with wliich Waync was cngagcd, when hc learned
that thc wbolc BritUh army had whcclcd about
and was hurryinback to protcct the rcar, That
plain thcn prcsentcd a magnificcnt appcarancc.
Far away thc cloud of borses and waggons was
sccn hurr-inc from thp fi.7l. wliITi. npqr I.t- !,r
glfttcring columns fcll.one aftcr another, in the or
dei ofbattlc thc artillery opencd like a sudden
conil.igration onthc plain the cavalry vcntdah
ing fornard to the chargc,and amid the pcaling of
trnnipets, unrohing of standards, and shouts of
mcn, thc battle commcnrcd.
liut at this momcnt, Lce, who had not csicct-
cil to nicet a strons forcc. and not likinL' to havc
a'.hcavy I-atllc thrown on him, wilh a morass in
his rcar. ordcrcd a retrcat; nnd the bravc Wavne.
grinding his tccth in ragc, was compcllcd to'fall
lack, and came very ncar bcing cut off in thc at
tcmpt. Across thc" morass, rctrcating, with thc
victoriims tolumns of thc British in full pursuit.
In thc mcan tinic Washington, igiiorant of this
shameful retrcat, was marchinsr un witli the other
dirision of the army. As the sound of the first
cannonade broke dull and hcary ovcr the woods,
tlic troops weie hurricd forward. nnd the troous
eagcr for thc cncountcr, thrcw aside thcir knap-
sacKs, anu many o: incm tncir coats, and witli
shouts prcsscd ranidlv on. It was n terrible dav
thc thcrmometcrstood at nincty-sir and as that
snciiciiu''- uriu loiicu iiirouirn ine sanu anu tiusr.
many siink iu tlicir footsteps ovemowcrcd bv thc
hcat, Wathmgton had dismountcd nherc two
roads mct. and stood with his arm throvn over
thc ncck of liis white stecd that was rccking with
sweat, listening to thc cannonailing in thc dis
tanrc, and watching his cagcr columns as thcv
swcpt ovcr the road. For in advancc. he hcanl
thc thnndcr of artillery that was mowing dow'n
hU ranks. wl.ile bcforc him flnttcicd the fliie
of his country, soon alsotobe cnvclopcd in thc
smoi:c oi uaiiic. j norscman tmrsting mto uis
pre.-enre, cricil ont that ICC was in fnll retrcat,
bcaring down with his diidcd ranks. full on his
own aih-ancing columns. The csprcssions of his
facc at thnt momcnt was drcadful, and with a
Lurstof indinaiion tl.atstartcd tliosc around him.
he sprung to the saddle and, and plnnging tlic
rowels in liis stecd, hium'icd likc a tuunricrbolta
way. A cload of dust alonc to!d where hc and
his suit sped onward. and tho?c who lcokcd on
him thcn, wiili his u? ual pale face Jlnshcd, and
hi. bluc cc cniitiing, kncw thatastorm was soon
to burst somfwherc. Hc swcpt in a hcadlon"
gallop to the van of thc rctrcating army, and thc
momcnt his white horsc was sccn. the bravc fel
lows, who hd long bccn half lcitcn, scnt np a
shout that was hcard the whole lcngth of thc lincs,
and ':ij lire HnsAinon.'rcnt thcair. Fliuging
a hasty inijuiry to Osgood, as to thc icason of tliis
retrcat, lio rcplicd: with a terrible oath, 'S'r, tce
arejlrcintjfiow a shadotc-j hcgallopcd tothe rear,
ami reining up his horsc bcsidc Lec, lcnton him
a face of fcarful cxprcssion, and thundcrcd in his
car, a hc Icancd ovcr his saddle-bow. 'Sir. I tle-
sire to hiov tchat is the nustm and tchiiicf arisrs this
Uixonler and conjusioii i' It was not thc words, but
the smoihcrcd tonc of passion in which .hcy wcrc
nttercd. aud thc manncr which was scvere as a
blow, that made thc rcbukc to terrible. Wliccling
his stecd hc spurred up to OswaldV nnd Stcwart's
rcgimcnts. snyir.?, 'On you I depcnil, to cbeek
this pursmt ;' and riding along thc ranks hc ronscd
thcn courage to thc highct pitch bv his stirring
appeals, wliilc that glorious shout'of 'Lonq lire
U ashinyton; again shook the ficld. The sudden
gus: of passion had swcpt by; but thc stonn that
cvcr slnmbcrcd in his bcsoin was nowfairlvup,
and galloping about on his splcndid charger his
tall and commacding fonn towering above all a
bout him, and his noble countcnance lit tip witli
cnthusiasm, he was the impersonation of all that
is great and hcroic in man. In a moment the
aspect of the field was changed the rctrcating
masses haltcd officcrs wcrc sccn hnrrying about
in evcry direction, their shouts and ordcrsringinjr
above tlie roar of the cncmy's gun. Thc ranks
opcncd, and nnder thc galling fire of thc encmv,
thc stcadv battalious hcelcd. and furmcd fn
order. "W'ashington thcn rodc back to Lcc, and
pointing tothe firm front hc had arravcd against
thc cnemy, cxclaimed, ' Will you, sir, 'command in
Uiai jJact V Hc rcplied 'ycs.' lV'dl,' thcn said
he, 'J arpect you to chaJc tht cnemy Snimcdiatcly.'
'Yonr ordcrs shall bc obcycd,' rcplied the stung
commaudcr; 'and I will not be the first to lcavc
thc f.eld. The battle thcn opencd with rcncwcd
fury, and Washington hurricd back to bring his
own division into action.
It was thc glorious triumph of disciplinc, and
thc powcr ofone mastcr mind, tosce bow tliose
retreating troops rccovcrcd thcir confidcncc, and
formed undcr the vcry fire of their pursuers, bc
lore tlie panic had bccn communicated to the oth
er portion of the army.
ButUiedangcrhadonlyjnst commcnccd; the
few reguncnts which had bccn thrown forward.
could not long withstand tho hcavv shock to
which thcy wcrc cxposed. Swept bv tlie artiUciT
and envcloDcd in fire. thcv
back ovcr the field. They fought brarely, as if
mc jkiic uic idie oi mc Damc rcstcu on their
firmncss, yet the advanccd corps finally fell back
on thc rcservc. On this, too, the victorious Ic
gions of the cnemy thnndercd with dcafcning
ihouts the grenadicrs prcssed furiously forward
tlie cavalry hung like a clond on our flanks,
while the stcadily advancing cannon gnllcd the
lanks with a most destructivc fire. Onr whole
line of battle bcgan to shake. Washington, with
the rcar division. had not vct comc np, and everv
momcnt thrcatcned to throwLecs whole shatter
cu corps back in dUordcr upon it Evcrrthing
quivercd m the balance, but at this terrible crisis;
thenoblc, chivaUic Ilamilton, with his hat off and
,Z 5T,s.treammS? wind, was sccn crossing
the ficld in a swecpmg gallop, making for Lce.
owmg that theateofdie battle reltcd on his
firmncss, 5nd feanng that he might shrink again
undcr the hcavy onsets ofthccncrar, ho flcw to
h' t. - r I)f,mnj ,0 hij foam-coTcrcd stecd be-
sidc him. ho cxclaimed in that loftr- iT,ttns:oDm
which that day savcd the armv ; 'I will stav with
yon, my aear gencral, and die tntA you. La tts
all die hear ratltcr tlatn rtireaC Xobly said, brave
Ilamilton ! the firmest prop of Amerfoan Iibcrtv
sianus iasi in tnis arcaatnt hour.
In this critical momcn SVashington nppcarcd
on the field, and rapidly formcd his division in
front of the cnemy. Casting his eyc over the bat
tle, he saw at a glance tbe whole extent of the
danger, and straincd cvcrv ncrve to avcrt it liis
.ordcrs flew likoliffhtnin? in cverv dircotion. whilc
full on his ccntra'camc thc shouting battalions of
tho encmy. Both m his right and lcft fiank wcre
thrcatcned almost simultancously; yet calm and
collcctcd, he stcmly survcycd'the stcadily ad
vancing columns, withont oiie thonght of rctrcat
ing. Kever did his genius shinc forth with great-
cr spienaor tnan at tnis momcnt. Ordcnng np
Stcrling with the artillcrv on tho left. and the oth
er nortion of the army to advance, hewatclicd for
an mstant tnc cltcet oi the movemcnts. btcrung
came np on a furious gallop with his guns, and
unlimbcring them, poured such a sndden fire on
thc chasing colnmns, that thcy recoiled bcfore it.
At the same time the vctcran Knox hurricd np
his hcavy guns on the right, and began to thnn
dcr on the densc masses of the cncmv. whilc the
ganani ayne,at tne ncau ot liis cnosen infantrr,
charged like fire full on thc ccntrc. The battle
now raged along the whole lincs, and tlie plain
shook undcr the uproar. But nothing could with
stand the impctuo-ity of thc Americans, and the
ficrcc flrc of our artillery. Thc hotly worked bat
tcries of Knox and Sterlinz wcrc l'ike nvo snois
of flame on cithcrsidc; whilj the hcadofWayncs
column cnvclopcd in smokc and flame, prcsscd
stcadily forward, bcaring down cvery tliing in its
passage, and swecping tho field with shouts that
wcrc heard above the roar of thc artillcrv. Evcrv
stcp had becncontcstcd with thecncrgy ofdespaif,
anu miuer me oppressive neai, scorcs 01 uravc IcJ
Iows had fallen in dcath, unsmittcn by thc foc.
Thc whole English armv rctrcated, and tookun
a strong pos-ition on the groand Lce had occnpicil
iu ui luuuiiu. iunosi impcnctraiiie woous ana
and swamps wcrc on cithcr sidc, whilc thcrc was
nothing but a narrow causcway in front, ovcr
which an army could advance to'thc attack. Thc
battle now sccmcd over; for nndcr that burning
snn and tcmpcraturc of ninctv-six defrrccs. tlie
cxhaustcd army could hardlv stir. Even Wash
ington s powcriul frame was overcome by the hcat
and toil hc had passcd through, and as" he stood
lgrimcd with dust and thc smokc of battle, and
wiped his brow, tlie perspiration fell in streams
from his horsc, which lookcd as if it had bccn
dragged through a muddvstrcamrathcrthanrode
I ... n 1 1. ;...- ... fri. . :"! i l . , , ,
" wirfu. uicu liiriu izaziu ion!r anu
snxiouly on thc cnemv's nosition. and. notwiih-
standing its strcngth and thc hcat of the day and
thc state of the army, dctcnnincd to forcc it. His
strong nature had bccn thoroughly roused.and thc
battle he soughL thrown unespcctcdly npon him,
nnd he now rcsolved to prcss it home on the foc.
arounu inm lay ttic dcad, and the cry foi wa
terwasmot piteous to bcar; while thosc who
borc back tho woundcd, wtrc rcadv tlicmselvcs to
s ink undcr tlie hcat. The cyc of Wasington, how
cvcr, rested only on the English army and
umi'iiug up io ungaucs io assau it, onc on thc
right llank and thc othcr on the lcft, he brought
thc hcavy guns of Knox forward to thc front. In
a few minutcs llicsc trcmcndons battcrics oncncd.
and thc English cannon rcplied, till it was one
constant pcal of thundcr thcrc ovcr the hot plaiu.
In the mcan time the burning snn was stooping
to the westcm hills. and striving in vain with its
lcvcl bcams to liiercc the smokc aml dust.fillrd
atmosphcre, that spread like a cloud ovcr thc ficld.
Still that hcavy cannonade made the carth groan,
and still thoc gUlant brigades wcre forting thcir
way onward through the dccp woods and ovcr thc
iuarsucs io me attact. liut the almost nnsur
mountable obstaclcs thatcrosscd thcir path. sodc
lajed thcir march, that night came on beforc tlicy
could rcach thcir rcspcctive positions. Tlie firc
ing thcn ccascd and darkncss shut in the sccne.
For awhilc the trcad of battalions taking up their
positions for thc night, thc hcavy rnmbling of ar
tillery waggons, aud the moans of the woundcd,
and thc piteous praycr for watcr, d;tnrl)cd the
calmucs of thc Sabliath cvcning. and tiicn all was
tiIL The poor soMicrs, overcome with hcat and
toil. lay down upon thc ground with their arms in
thcir hands, and the two 'tircdarmicsslcpt. W:th
insight of each othcr thcy sunk on the finld.while
the silcnt cannon. loadcd'witli dcath, still frowned
darkly from thc hcights of the foc. Thc stars.
one aftcr anothcr. came out upon the slcv like si
lcnt watchcrs, whilc thcsmokc ofthe connicthung
in vapory masscs ovcr the woods or plain. Wash
ington. i tcrmined with the dawn of day to rc
ncw tlie battle, wranpcd liis military cloataronnd
him and throwiiig lumsch'on the ground bencalh
atrcc, slept amid his followcrs. So did Bona
partc, on thc first night of the battle of Wagram,
slecp by tlic Danubc, Iullcd by its turbulent wa
ters. Bnt at miilnight thc English commandcr rous
cd his slccping army, and uietly withdrcw, and
beforc moming was beyond the rcach of Wash
ington's army. So profound wcre the slumlcrs
of onr cxhaustcd troops. tliat no intimation of thc
dcparturc of thc cnemy was rcccivcd nntil tlie
moming Iigh: rcvenlcd" thcir dcscrted camp. Thc
prcy h:d cscapcd him, and so Washingtonfslowly
followcd on, inoiing his army by casy marchcs .b
the Iludson.
TIIE FIELD OF BL'EXA "TSTA
WOLVES AXD MEXICAX CORPSES.
Thc Syracuic Journal confains alettcrfrom
a soldicr now in Icxico, from wliich wc cb'p
tho followingparagsaphs:
Monterey is a most bcautiful place, and has
thc most dcltghtful cL'mate, I belicve, iu tbe
world, and is very healthy. Orange grovcs,
fig trees, pomegninatcs and limes arc fotind
everywherc in and around this city, and tli o
dor with whieh thc orange trees fill tlie air is
deligbtful.
Thc weather thcre the most of thc year is
like our first of September weather, with thc
addition of a slight warm breeze.
As I W03 still wcak when I left Montcrcr,
I turncd over my horsc to the Quartcrmaster.
and he scnt mc up to Saltillo in anambulance,
alias, a two horse steel spring wagon. I came
up comfortably, and am now in perfecthcalth,
performing my dnty in the battery -vvith cxtra
ordinarrrcn. Our camp is five miles from
town (Saltillo,) and onc mile from thc hottest
part of the old Bucna Xista battle field, parts
of which are still covered with bones, coats,
pants, shocs and knapsacks, &c. And
thc most singular of all is, that a few Mcxi
cans who wcre left unburied are still on the
field entire. Xeithcr putrifaction nor the
wolvcs prey npon thcm, but they arc dried uii
like mummies. The only way I'have hcard it
explained is, that thc Mcxicans eat so mueh
penpcr that it preserves their bodies from pn
trifaction, and at tlic same time spoils thcm for
the tastc of the wolvcs." CcrtamlySthcy do not
dccay, and the wolvcs will not cat them.
Spcaldng of wolves, Mcxico isovcrrun with
them, and they and highwaymen are about the
only things the country produces abundantly.
ATicn I was in Camarso thcy nsed to come
howling right into the plaza cvery night.
Saltillo is morally, I supposc, thc worst plare
in all Mexico. It has had the rcpntation for
yeare of bcing thc headqnarter of all Mcxico
forgambling assassinations, robbfry and liccn
b'ousness. Thc men in this city "arc onc half
of them highwaymen br profession ; and the
women, althotigfi very "good looking, are by
common conscnt, " no better than they should
bc" In fact, Gen. "Wbol issucd an order sonie
time since, that no officer in camp should go,
into the city without hb side arms, assasina
tions werc sc common.
AJMEEICAX COLOXIZATIOX SOCTETY
SPEECn OF UEXEY CLAY.
Eeportedfor the Tribune.
Air. Clay on rising was grectedwith ronnd
after round of ajralausc. Aftcr this manifesta
tionof rcgard and cnthusiasm, hc procceded
as lollows :
Genllcmen of the Colonization Soeiefu-
j -
It hasJippn vimn vrnr sinrn T 1.PA
- t 1MU UiU
uonor oi sranaing or sming m tne jdace which
T tVO M Ti- l,Tc AmmniT nrtA ,...11 11
- r, - . uuu ;uu U11UW IUC
to say that, in all human probability, it will be
beforeyou.
Ybu h.ivp. Twifin tnld tbnt nlin,,t il.:.. .
. . uiiut tUIJS
T T TV 1- "V- r , . rf J
uu, xmjv. ur. jcinncy oi i o. anu others with
him. met hem aml rnnilfril nml rr-nnA
- ...... . LtU UjUli
thc great pnnciplesof thc fonndation of this
cr .. ... t . i , .
A.ji;i. ijvus onc oi mat numoer. jitlirst
wc did not intcnd to do more than cstablisb. a
Colonvon the Coastof AfnVn in i
frce people of color in the U. S. miat volunta-rl,-
miU r -., .
least restraint aml rnmrmU
iov untrsmmcllcd ll
i t , i.:-i. -
jmiin.--i.-3 nuicu uuucr uie circumstances ol
1 ll (1 nA f It Ol nrtf .mn.. 1 . 11 - 1
..,-...., u,i u,jUj li-.IV. HCSI1D-
miiic-u uiu numa io meir unconstramed voli-
(inn. Tf- rna rni-i- fnr- C tl. .. . . l
who came together on that occasion, to inter
fere with the ritlc to slavcs; wc did not wish
to afiect that title in thc least degrcc whatcv
cr. We saw, what is now inanifest in the
country, that the people of rolor and the
white race could nnt rmssiWt-
terms of ctjnality. We did not stop to inquire
wneiner mis sxaio ot tnings wasnght or wrong
AVe took the fact of ;mnrK-ili;i;i- ,--
- 1 , -V4 tuii, knu
races to Iivc together in cqual social contlitions
and procccd to opcratc upon that fact. I
know therfc are man v Tf-;nn--tnl-lrt -in ;n 4t,
country who contcnd that this is all prcjudicc,
and should be expelled from the bosoms of
men; and that we should rccognizc all asmcm
bcrs of thc same racc, intitled to the sainc
pnilcgcsand lmmunitiei withourselvea Tliis
nnnMntn tn ll. v. ..;An. . 1 -1.& Tl .
we wcntonto thc fact that thc two races could
not livc together, and on this foundation wc
nroriosed:in -view nf tbnlrrK
pohtical dcgredation, that thcy should be rc
; i,.. i.: .jL TT.-..J
111U11.U iui-ii uii wuiim:ui irom inc unitcu
St.nt'.i! tn nwinntrr ff Tnctitiilln. nl ..-.!,..,
es which It would" bc impossiblc for them cver
io cujoy in xnis counrry. 1 rcpcat, ttiat we
did notattcmpt in the least to uuscttle thc title
to slavcs. "tt c hopcd to demonstratc the prac-
xvboliad tbn rnntml nf l-ivr.a mT-rl.f -,,--i;if1inm
selvcs of thc policv or not, acconlin"- to their
- - l ' r , - . . .
cns or wisncs. uur oujcct was notuiu" tar
thcr than to tlomnnetmtr"l,nfY-ro tli- -rrr,-.fvi
practicnbility of cstabh'shing a Colony of frcc
uiaujvs iu junca.
Well. ai? it h-n lionn ins lfrfcit 4l,wir.t,fM,t
thc whole progress of our Sociefy from its" ,ori-
gm, it nas Decn surrounacU by dilhculties, and
beset by encmics in front and in rear; and on
hntb tl.ink. rniii.fr 1 Tho ATlIttnn:.-,
l - j .iwviiuujji:u
havc assailcd it, as well as thosc of thcopposite
AvlMm. Tt1. l.n..A ? .J .. 1 1 . , ,
, i. I. 1 V . 11, u UllliUU 111 UilUljngll, uul
onwbat miund. T rflnnnt v-t w-.11 nr1ninn.l
It is no more a part cf thc objcct of tlie Socicty
io micncre wiin iih? nm'tpfci rtt . w.tmn
Wc contcmplatcd simply the improvcment of
un; L-uiiuuiuii ui mc niacKs,anu to, wnen tne
object ofthe Aboh"tionist should bc obtaincd.
in tbp. onmnplnntlnn nf ihn K1-if.l--r tf -..1.1 l.
come the objcct and cmploymcnt' ofthe socie-
fn -.nlfit,?-.'. .. .1 . 1 . .
j iv Liniiui-t 1111.111, aim iiius co-upcraiing io
gcther, a vast 1 "ncfit might accnie to thc hu
man ta-e, which might cbnsist with thc high--st
nninosc of abolition. T?nt wJivbnnl1 ifipv
coutinueto attack us? Ircpeat.'we do not
intcrfi rc with them, utopain and impracticable
n im cm.i .-.;n idni. nM!ui n 1 . -T ' ' 1
.. .. - iuwi iiiiMui.1. iu uu. xucir ai-
icmpi is 10 c
lay, tbc whole o, Jie Mack racc in tLe United
jcctin anothcr wav, Co!ou:zaUon v.as bc-nin.
ll . ,
'"i" lutm, genupmen, wc cannot tonc
to apcomnlisb rnnr nliln. imT k-v-ii rLn
- 1 . -'J--'l UIIU uvvuiuv. ui iu-j
tnabuit V of the blapt nf-(- tnrntnn iinnn
nuality in social and political condition with
whcre they can better enjoy tbc iuiraunities 6f
15ut it has bccn said that this Socicty is in
canablc of accomnlili
and I admit that its founders havc not sunpo
M.-u uiai iviwioui mc aiu ot the Uovernmeat,
State or Xational, they could found in Africa a
very largc colony composed wholly of frcc
persons of color. IJut their purpo'c has bccn
toshow tho practicabilify of the object, the
powcr of Colonization, in competcnt hands, to
carryouttheworkinallits great results- to
demonstratc this power throuchout the whole
cxtcntoftlie Continent. Iflhcn thosc who
havc takcn thc Icad havc been ablc to demon
stratc the practicability of Colonization, who
can donbt thc competency of Govcrnment to
transports to thc shoresof Africa all persons
of color who may bc. cmancipatcd eitticr bv
theauthority ofthe States, or the dispositioh
ofindividuals? Tbat demonsiration has bccn
madc.
But it has bccn nrgcd particularlv bv onc
cLiss of our opponcnts, to whicli we" havc re
fcrred, that this is tho country of the black
man, and therefoae hc should" not bc scnt to
Africa, which is not his countrr. In somc
seusc thosc blacks who havc bccn" born upon
thc soil, may claim this for thcir countrv; and
so could thc Israelitcs claim Egvpt ibr thcir
country, bccauc during a long pcriod of time
they werc capti ves in Egypt So could all thc
Israelitcs born in the wilderncss durin"- their
progress from Egypt to thc Promiscd Land,
claim lhc wildcniess for their countr-; but
still in contemplating thc bcam which guidcd
the progress ot that most rcmarkablc of all the
famUies of man, ncitherEjypt nor the wilder
ncss, but Canaan was thcir home, and tothat
home thcy wcrc finally Icad, Wjo then, can
doubt, in asohtary instance, that Africa is the
home ofthe. blacks, thongh they mavhave had
a casual birth upon this continent? Thcrc
they wcrc placcd, and remaincd ori"inallv nn
til caprurcd by the hands of lawless violence,
andthero they can rcmain happily in the fair
est portion ot their original possession; and
does it notsccm a dispcnsation of an all-wise
providence; which has brought thcm to this
country, that thcy may be carricd bach to ful
fil thc holy purposcs ofllim whose wars arc
inscrutablc, but always just But tliis sepera
tion ofthe frt-p npnnlp nf nnln-. -ril, l.
1 1 -1 "uii lucu-unu
coasent trom the country to whiph fheyhappcn
w uuiu, iij iiui uicnay reeommcnaeu lor
thcir mod nlonp. bnt fnT- nfTip---inl l.Tl.
. , O- J v.v.uuui"m;i UiUl-
sidcrations.
Afripa has long becn in barbarism, woiship-
r . -w.vijju iuuu, niuiuui UiC
gdts of cmlizatjon and withont tho bencfits of
nnsnanity, ana tbose who hrt met m con
snltation for tbp.
saw m jtt)nc great good, besido and beyond
mc ias.1. uiai u wouia eievate tne oiacjrs cnarv
actcr, to thc character of frcemen, they saw
that these blacks in returning to Africa, would
cany along with them all the blcssings ofour
holy rcligion, and all the beiiefits of the arts
ana oi civinzation. hodoes not take a dccp
intercst in that cntcrnrise which.
out ilissionancs to convcrt thc hcathen? And
wno can tail to sco tliat Aative MiKTnn--vc
wllj Iks the most cfTective for the conversion of
tneir Atncan brcthren. who are nf fhn -,m0
blood with themsclves, and with whom tbp-
can completcly harmonize in all their interests
sympathicsand afTccuons? At this moment
tncrc ha c bccn four or five thousand colonists
scnt to Africa, and we havc heard tliat therc
are in the Ecpubh'c of Libcria, twenty-fivc
places of public worship, dcdicated tothe same
Lord and Savior whom we worship, and that
thousands ofthe natives arc ninninir intn ihc.
colonies in order toobtain the bencfits of edu-
cation anu a knowledse of tlie arts: and at tbp
same time, the blessings of Christianity will bc
iiuuucu iuui ineir uearis. JLlns, Icllow-ciuzcns,
was oncof tlic great purposes which we had in
new when, thirtv-one vcars amr. wp nwt tn.
geHierin consultationfor tlie cstablishmcnt of
tnia socicty: and mafew ycars aftcrwanl,
when the purcliasc of suifabln timW w.ic
made now about twcnty-five years agc the
first coIonLts were transported" from tliis na
tion to the shorcs of that happv country the
country ofthe black race, tho iiiheritance of a
long linc of thuir ancestors.
1 know, fcllow-citizens: that it W5 0 (TTPPfl
then and since that time, that thcre wcro othcr
placcs than Libcria. to which thesp. Cnlnni.-tc
might be sent with cqual advantage; but I do
not concur in th'sopinion. Lookin" attho cx
peuse alone, Africa is thc most invitmg place
lbr wchave becn told that S50-is sufh'cietit to
transport onc of thcse Colonits and
him sLx mouths aftcr his arrival. Tono othcr
placc could you send an eniigrant on such
terms as these; fono part ofthe Pacific coast
to Mexico or to Orcgon. But Africa was also
thc most inviting in anothcr and more innior-
tant H3int ot iew. Would vou scnd vour Af-
ncan cmigrantto anv other nlacc. vou dpnrive
yoursclf ofthis great moralprincipl'c; their har
monious union with thoe among whom thcv
go foreside, mincle and amalgamate. Tono
uiiiui jjiauu i;uu ims uouaiuerauon attacii.
But it is said that the purposes of Coloniza
tion, wcre thcy undertakcn by thc Govcrn
ment itsclf, cannot bc accomplishcd; that itis
impossiblc to transport to Africa, by such
means.all lhc frcc people of color in thc Uni
ted States. Why, gcntlemcn, if I am not mis
taken, thcre comesvearly into the single port
of Xcw York an emigration amounting almost
to thc annual incrcaso ofthe population in that
city, and pcrhaps excecding Uic annual in
crcascof all thc free people of color in thc U
nited States. And this is done voluntarily,
upon the great motivcs ofall human action.
Thus, the Gcrman and the Irbh cmigrantsflock
to our shorcs annually, with no inconsiderable
aidonthc part of thcir Governmcnts and with
no indhidual aid, innumbers eijual pcrhaps to
the annual incrcasc ofall the Africans in thc
United States, bond and free. These all come
to our country in obedicnce to onc ofthe laws
ofour naturc in jversuance to the great con
trolh'ng principle of human action and which
cntera into all great cnterpriscs, thcy comc
hcrc to better their condition: and I hopc they
will better thcir condition. And so it woultl
be with all our frcc people of color. Wcrc
thcy to be transported from thc United States
to Africa, would not their condition bc phvsi
cally, morally, socially and jxjlitically better
and happier than anything which thcy could
attain or hopc for hcre. It is in vain to hope
tocradicate thc fecrtr? which kceps .unnder
thcsc two classes. It is in vain for thc oflicc
of Philosopby orllumanity to attempt what is
uttcrly impracticable as joining together
tho;e whom God himself, by thc difiercuce of
color and various othcr distinctions, pcrhaps,
has declarcd oudit tobe scparatc. Chcers.
Thcn, to scnd them to Africa not by vio
lence, not by co-crcion, not againt thcir will,
but with thcir own free conscnt let mc say to
Abolitionists and to tliose on the othcr cxtremc,
to all men why should not the frce colored
race residing a-iong U5 Iiave thc option to go
Africa or rcmain in thc United States?
I know that it is scmetimes allcdgcd that it
is inhuman and crucl to send thosc blacks to
to Africa, whcre thc climatc is fo inhospijable
tbat dcath soon takcs thcm. Upon this sub
jcct onr rccords bcar thc most gratifying tes
timony, to whicli, if you please, wc will now
listen.
Tbe colony of Jamesiown, in Yirginia, aftcr
savcntcen years had clapscd, and aftcr 9,000
colonists had first comc out, and onc hundreil
and fiftyjiounds stcrling had bcen cxpcnded in
planting tliat .o!ony and at thc cnd of scvcn
teen years, of these 9,000 cmigran!s less than
2,000 rcmained; all tho rcst had lallen vic
tims, cithcr to thc climate, the savagcs, or the j
circumstances connccted with their changc of j
condition. Andifwegoto that othcr carly j
settlemcnt inthisconntry the Plymouth Col- :
ony I think history has rccorded, if I do not
raistakc the tcstimony, that m Ies3 than six
months after thcir Ianding, oce half was dc
stroyed, or died from the ravages of discase.
Xow, comparc these with thc history of Libc
ria, and wliat is the rcsult ? In twcnty five
ycars, duringwhichemigrants havc bccn trans
porteil from this country to that colony, thc
total deaths only amount to twcnty pcr cent.
on tbe total emigration: showing a mortality in
twenty-five ycars far less than that which took
placc within'sLx months aftcr the scttlement at
Plymouth, and far less than that ofthe Colony
of Jamcstown for thc first scventecn ycars.
Indced, thc mortality at Jamcstown in scvec
tcen ycars was more than four timcs grcatcr
tlian'in Libcria dnring thc twcnty five ycars
of thc estimatc to which I refer. We havc ,
nothing. thcn, in the bills of mortality to frigh-
tcn us m this cxperiment, dissuadc us from its :
prosccution.
But it is said wc hatc yet donc bnt little.
Well, all thc great cntcrpriics of mcn liavc but
small beginnings. The founders of Bomeher
self, if we may crcdit history in the casc, wcro
suckled by a wolf. The coiloiiics of Plymouth
and Jamestown, to ivhich I have referrcd, Ian
"uished lor years aftcr thc pcriod to which I
Eavc called your attention, and now, oa what
land is thcrc a spot, on what sca Is thcre a tail
floating. that does not carrythc cnterprise, the
skill aniTthc courairc of our Xew England
brethrcn? Great cheering. And on what !
battle field, orwhat councU chambcr, and in ;
what portion of thc counrry is there a solitary
spot upon which we do not find the impress, of 1
thc Virginian character everywherc display- ;
in" itsclf, whctherin the councils or in tlie bat-:
tliffields ofthe nation And I have said that i
all the great enterpriscs of mcn have come
from small beginnings. Our Colony ha3 boen
trfoperation twcnty fiTe years,- and we have
scnt out 5,000 cmigrants, besides 20.000 na
f T vm wl-.n wcre nevcr in. tho United States. and
who arc now asking for the support and benc- f
nts 01 tne uticnti oocieiy. ieii, so iar io ni
harc cone, coal ha i been donc. Is it not bet-
tcr, far, that thcso four or fivo thousand cmi
grants should have bccn sent to Africa, than
they should havc rcmained hereVsnd isitnot
better far for us tliat thcy should bc scnt from
among us, whcre it is possible for thcra to at
tain to a mgber moral and social condition?
It is, certainly, far better for us and for them.
So far, then. we have done somegood, thou"h
not all thc goodwc could dcsirc. We shall cv
er wish that tlie Govcrnment might be indu
ccd to pay for thcir transportation. But it will
rcnuire time for this great movcmcnt to crow
into a national efibrt. It is not in tho work of
a day,nora year, but ltu the work of cenra
ries. That ancicnt nation to which I havo re
ferrcd, rcmained captive in Esrypt for two or
uirvu ccniuncs, anu tno uncans have been
captivcs in the United States for about the
same lcngth of tune. W hen Govcrnment
shall Jend ltsaid, and I do not speak of nncon
stitutional aid, but of such as has been furnish-
eil by the ijtate ot Jlaryland. which has sent n
noble example oflibcrality by fursishing lib-
criiiupuucs io ncr cotony, wccn the otales,
haing the powcr, shall be ready to follow the
example of Maryland in thi3 respcct, no doubt
thcrc will be a vast accession to our Colony.
It is not dcsireable, pcrhaps that we should
progress toofast. It should be in this case as
m all othcrsettlements in new countric3. There
should be forcrunncrs pioneers, who wili
prcparc thc way, raise subsLtence, build hou
scs, makc placcs of comfort and convenience
fcr those who are to follow thcm, othcxwiso
thcy may bc thrown upon tho shorcs of the
Continent of Africa, to snffer. Better to cro-
cced according to the laws of Nature herfelf
slowly, surcly, and to, carefully measuring ev-
cry bicp mai wc taKC.
licsides these considerations connccted with
thc fact tbat the two races ncvcr can hecouie
one, thcrc are others which I will now nicn-
tion.
Itr what State ofthe Union. now it is im-
possiblo that Massachusctts may bc an cxcep
tion does thc black man, howevcr frcc bc
may be, and from howcver long a line offree
ance5try hc may bc dcsccndcd, have or cnjoy
political rights V as to social rights, tiee arc
out of thc qucstion. In no State could he
stand on an cquality as to his social condition
witli the whites. Such is tlic .law in all the
States, that it escludcs him frota thcsc: and
the Frce States aro cqualy chargeable with
rigorous laws in tliis respect with thc States in
which Slavery cxists. And of late years the
rigor of these laws has incrcased agaictt tbc
the black population, so that in some" States c
mancipation is prohibited. A casc in point oc
curred with mysclf. In thc State of Alabemt,
a rcspcctable and kind gcntlcman, whom I
nevcr saw in my life, devizcd to mo ia his
will somc twcnty-uve or thirty slavcs, witbout
any intimation as to tho causo of thc banquct
i was surpnseu at tlns, but haa somc rcajon
to belicve, in conscqucnce of my conncctiou
witti this fcocutv, tliat the generous devuor
had confidcncc m mc, and that I would send
tncm to l.ipcna. Accoruing:y 1 toot meas
urcs to accomplish thc object of their coloni
zation. and havc bcen happy to learn that
twcnty-thrcc cf thcm have actually cmbarkcd
at the port of Xew Orleans for that Colony.
and the remaindcr will follow as soon as thcv
are ready. Xow, what would havc bcen tho
condition of these poor crcaturcs but for tho
cxistencc ot thc Lolcnization fcocictv lbcy
could not have bccn frued in Alabamajfor the
lawsoftliat State prohii.it cmancipalion; in
consequence, no doubt ot thc lmpmdcnt agita
tionjol' tliis subject at thc Xorth. I had to takc
them to..ew Uricansas my slavcs, and thcv
wcrc rcgardcdaimy slaves until thcy got ont
ot tiio junMlictmn ot the Lnttcd states.
mention this ing!c case as one. Alabsma is
not the only State which hasfclt called upon.
in conscqucnce cf thc agitation of the qucstion
&f Slavery at the Xorth, to pass rigorous laws
of this kind. 3Iot ofthe States whcre tLe in-
stitution of slavery cxiits, have passcd similar
laws. iicrc, tlien, appcars UiO oujcct ol the
Colonization Socicty tbat of sfibrding indi-
viduals, as well as States who may havc
thc control of the frce pcoplc of color and
slavcs which they may wish to cmancipatc, tho
opportunity of gratifvimr thcir withcs, bv of-
fenng thcm a transportation to thc shorcs of
Alnca.
On the subject of Slavery I shall not touch
more than I havc done. Thisociety,lhrough
out tho whole of its existcncc, has lelt that nub
ject depcndent on the laws ofthe States which
regulate it, coufining their opcrations cxclu
sivcly to thosc frce pcoplc of color, whose vol
untary dcsirc it is lo bc transjiorted to tlic
shorcs of Africa.
Gentlcmcn ofthe Socicty, you haye placcd
mc in a position which is rcally both cmbaras
sing and painfuL I came hcrc this cvcning.
as 1 havc statpd, without a solitary notc, and
wiih vcry slight nicntal prcjiaration, to addrcss
you on this o.-casion. I havc thrown out these
rcmarks, Ioose and disjointed as they are, to
gratify a wish, which secnicd irrefi:tablc, to
hcar me upon this subject. 1 havc "onc tl.ro
with most, if not all the topics which I intcn
dcd to trent of. I would now implorc nll par
tics I would bcjccch tho Abolitionist'", and I
would bcscech all tliose who holdthc doctrincs
ofthe oppositc cxtrcme, insis'ting upon the in
stitution of Slavcrv I would bcscech all mcn
to look calmly amf difia.-sionaIcIy at this great
projcct, which commends itselfto their fncml
ly considcration I would bcscech thcm to dls
eard thcir prcjudiccs, and ask them in thc
name of that God, undcr whose smiling Prov
idence I vcrily belicve this Society has thus far
been conductcd and will in fulurc continne, to
look and contemplatc for a momcnt this cxper
iment of twenty-fivc ycars continuancc, which
with powcr, without revcnuc, without any aid
cxccpt what has bccn furnishcd by the charity
of mcn, has carried on a war not an aggrcs
sive, buta defcnsivc war and transported to
Africa betwecn 5,000 and 6,000 cmigrants
from the United States. I would aski you to
look at thc terrilory which wc havc acquired.
Threc hundred and twcnty miles on the
West of Alrica, and in evcry portin which thc
Slavc Trade has bccn suppresscd. And I herc
bcg lcavc to rcmark, that the Governmcnts of
Europo and the u nited States have cndcavor
cd long to supprcss the Slave Trade: if they
would only lcnd s small portion of thc means
which thcy cnploy in keeping up naral forccs
for tliis purposc,to carry out the great objccts
of Colonization, thcy would find it to bc thc
most cfTectual raodc of snppressing the Slavc
Trade that could bo adopted. I believo no in-
strumcnt that can bc placcd in thc hands of :
uuiuuiuciu tail cneciuat iu ureaiu
np thc SLvc Tnide, as the extciuion of thcsc
colonies on thc Westem Coast of Africa. Thcy
all would bo as so many sentinels,urgcd by all
the sympathicsof thcir race, by cvery consid
cration which fcrms motivcs of action, to arrest
the progress of thc trade.
Let us look at othcrmotivcs for tke Kupport of
Colonization. Ithas bccn said, and truly said,
that there is m"' immorality among thc free peo
ple of color than asion 'Uc slavcs, ana,-tnat4hc
slavcs would I benefited by ia withdrawal ofthe
j people from their neighborhood. The Aboliribn-' the fiscal year.) was 51,233. N'Y. Com6ter. 4
ists, by thcir oprositioa. to Cctonization.hare butew-fjrKr.
nretcd more firmly the chnins of SUTcrr. Tlicrf
Uiere the object of ciraizatioa, and Sunefiti
ofthe arts, to be extended W Ae ntir. Africans,
the suppressKin of tho Slave Trade. and tho propi
1K SlCt0lxe inail&i' cmbinaebnof
motiyes, and condcmn the whole echeme becatiy
you uisapprove of one of them ? Trie the wholo
tto first and perseTercd iu thronslioiit uko all
andjadgo ofthe Colonization Socittrbv thi,
n? a SePcrale "dktin m
SSfehf keen ,nrn hom o.mxny conjid
crations which actuata It '
mv w,d.v 1 ,0C?P'" taefcelmgs wSichfiU
gratnlatethe Bembers oftbis SocStr tipon tfca
succew which hw crowMd their laboVTj
nnl.be has sndJyd T ."
tbetratzspices-a frea rcprestntatiTe Hcpulh-c,
n form modeled aftc.r oar own cberishcd istitu
tions ; snd ahhoogh n has had ai vet bt a brief
cxlsteace, it holds oat a bright prospect for tho fu
ture. It ia most appropriato tutiect of ccasratu
lauonwhetherwelooklackontie past,or for
ward to the couscmptiou which the fatare prom-H"-
. J.1 u K"ffbT to contcmpUto tliis uifact
Kcpubhv, to east a vicw throogh the longyuU of
l imc, to anticipate two or thrco ccnmrics hence,
and rtjrard its people spreadiag the light of ZiC
crty and dfc.-cnimatiDs tha urincrnlf. nf ll.iu;
propagatuig tho Arw, aod performing g,u othe?
dotiesand obbjatlon? as may dcrelvo apon a ercai
people. 1 we shonld bring iirly bto vit Srhaf
tuls ccrrn of IlCDabb'caniim sknli ,i.ri,:. .v-
Iapto oi two or tnrca ceatorics, how mnch the pos
tcnty of thcsa celonics ttUI be gladdcaed anderits
inaaoaceaidhow iaacionroirajpostcritT will
Ic enuUcdto rcjcice et tkeir prosppritj," tow
would it stanulate to cxertion 1 On tf
mcnco cvK.bi thi.nauo oftbccaufe. I.hall
soon icave you aad thU thcater of action forcvcr;
but I trast tbat tho sj-irit whihled to Uio fbmin
tion ofthu iSocxtj ai gnmn.mo, and that ia
otbcr hsads aad undcr othcr ansptocs. this CoMn
pmioa Society of onrs saay be still found iusert--ing
us saEcieacy iB i-oopcraticn xslih tl,P Kctml
Iic of labcna. to traii'si.ort tnth.t i .
froepcrtonof color who buij bdli5ted tOch
s hal be at last rot,phtid, and othcr gen. ratioiw
shall havo spruui; up to iavokc as ia clesine I
now do upou thc noble cnujc ofCoIoaiznt'Snifirf
blos3iDtroftIiatGo.lhose smile.I thiuk, haS
Iccn bithcrto cxtcndtil to it.
Jlr. I lxt Iiere toofc his scM amid thnhdcrs of
spplanu.
GEX. OASS OX TIIE WtT.vnr nnrL
VISO.
Gen. Cass in a lettcr ta Tvfr. Vi. lmln .
pomewhat notorious jiolitician of Kashil!ey
Tenn., has givcn ia hu adhcsion to the South.
He advocates nnqaalified abnussion by ti'tf
freo states to the extcaaion of slavery throu"lj
aU terntory to bc atqaired fjom Mcxico, and
denies the nght of Congrcts to Iegj!ato for
terntoxies, lefbre thcy bocome Stalca. This
pronosition is a new oce, and diroctly opposvo.
to the theory and prcctice of evcry branch or
the govemcieat, from tlie adoption "of the Con
stitution doTO to the preient time; bnt itj i
nunciation will excire nosorprise ia thosc whtf
are faimliar with the pabBc carcc,r of the Sen
ator Irom ilichigan. When he otcd against
thc WUmot Provto. last scssion, he dei larcd
himseli in favor of tho principle, but edrcrsc
t5 its adoptioa at tli3t timeas unrcjuonablw &
irrelevtnt to tho matter before the Senato.
Since thcn, iu sccling to ttncilLteiprortfnr.
tho Pre.Mdcn-y, hc diV eras his weakncsi. nt
thc Aorth, aad outbids his fellow dongh-niits
in bw proQcrs to tbc slave power. Iitit he 'a
P"53r,DF 3 despcrutc gatuo and mtut Ioe. It h
difficnlt to imagine n state of things in xfiirh
hc could obtaiu thc ncminationof a Xational
Convenu'on. Ue was uscd by tho intrigncrs
m lf-U to brcak down Ur. Van Burcn that
ai-complishcd, he was cvt aside -ithout hpsita
tion or compunctiou. Jle may Lc cmptnycd
far a timilar purpwc this rear, but hoean nev
or obtaia thc uouiiuation.
RKMAUKAULn Entton rx the Thkasc
i:v Dkpautmft. Mr. John D. Barvlay.
clerk in thc Tremsury Dopartment, in prepar
ing a statcmcnt to aecorapany thoreportcf tho
Secretaryof the Treasnry, omittcd to iuri-rt
in Uie cstimate of rcccipbj an cxpenditure for
thc fiscal ycar cnding Juue SOth, 184S, fcur
itcinj of rcieipts, snionnting, in the a'grcgatp,
to 80,915,078. The error was not discovcfcd
till ufter tho Rcpott had bcen made ; cor.se
qucutly thu Trtasuty is ncarly scven uiilliijo
of dollars bettfr otl'lliac vsa rcjxjrtwL
Thu is tho firit crror Mr. Barclay hafTnmlo
in the forty ycars hc has been cmp!ovcrJ-in tho
Trcasury pcpartmcnt, tnd ha was the "first to
discovcr his inistatc.
C7- Iloit. E. Pii5sr.TT, for fevcral yrr U
S. llinu'cr.to irexiro, and, aftcr UU fcturn, Sec
rciary of War undcr Mr. Vnn Barcn, hiu writtcn,
a Icttcr to Scnator Butler, of Sonth Carolina, on.
tho Jlcxican War, ic, &c Ir. P. soy that ho
U sarpri.-cd that the I'resident 'periiitsia recom-
mendind a cocrsc cf policy which will lead to f till
further cxpenditnre of lilood and trcasnrc, and will
finally havc to be abanduncd."
"Thc prcsMcnt says ho is convinccd tlat tho
licst means of bringirg the war to an honorable
cIoe will bc to proccnte it with inereascd encrgy
and powcr in tho vital parts of tho enemy's coun
try. Xow, I am pnrsnaded that so long as wo
continac to prosecu:e the war iu tho intcrior of
Mcxico, we hall havo no pcara with the nation.
and all cttcmpts to make peaco with a faction will
piace C3 m a worso poimon than opn war. I
spoak with the authority of a ctrfcet Inowlfdi-n
of thc nature of the counrr and tho character of
tho pcoplc.
3lr. I'oinsctt a plan for closinir the war Ia "to
scttlcwhat tcrritoiy you intcnd to claim, and tcll
3Icxicoyou intcnd to kecp it. Sho wiU bluster
and protcst, bnt nevcr attack jou. Iler leaden
will have too tnurhat stake to Tentareo far from
tho capital. Sho will havo no means to cnnln cr-
mies and maintain them on long marchcs and dis
tant campaigns; and I hazard nothing in sajing
that two or three strong places in ths intcrior of
our unc would kecp thcm ia checc for fcalra rcn
tury, andin less time we might bny a title, if
thought neccssarr. By edopting thu plan rcace
would como at last with prescat indemnity. aod,
instcad of raising Uiirty Uiouiaaa zacn. you wouia
havo trcops cnough to kep pcaceabto pofiesiipq
of onr new territory, cnd might dimiss the Tolcni
tocr forcc.
Texasi Tho whole cstimated -debt cf tho
late Renublic of Texaj, as far as acknowledg
cd by tbe gorernment, and estimated by tha
Coinptroller, is Sll,050,000, for which the o-
quivalcnt reccived, it is said, was 35,523,195.
Tho amount of taxablo projierty in tho tate,
according to tho ajsessor's returns for 1846,
was 843,747,175, npon which the amount. of
tax was-S102ft78. Tho emount of taxablo
property retnrned thus far ln.lS47s 54591,
655 sevcn counties rcniamihttFaTC.jhcard
from. Th amount of tax for the year is csti- ,
mated atSI19,000. The availahie means m
trcasury on thc 31st Octobcr last (the-cnd of
