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co nsiderafion, and Ihat the Legislature should MlemnIyreoIvc to pay neither principal, nor in lerest, nor any part thercqfqf any such bands. "Rcsolved, That thc Stato Bank and branch t'S should be compelled to resumc specic "pay nicnfs at the earlicstperiod practicablc. "Itesolved, furlher, That it is Ihe express de sire of ihis meeting, that the next Legislature suspcnd tho further payraent of the State Bonds, both principal and intcrest, until the State is belier able to pay; andihal the Legis. lature 7ay notax upon thepeople beyond tehal is neccssary to defray the nel expenses of the State Govcrnmcnt. "Resolved, Tbat if tho legislature docs not not grant rclief at a very early day of the scs sion , that ve will asscmblo at this place on Chrismas day, detcrmined that our public offi ccrs, through force of public opinion, shall rc sign their tliffcrcnt trusfs reposcd in them by us. "Rcsolved, That if any of our public offi cers, when the call is made, refuse to resign, we will hold him at arm's levglh, and ncvcr.by cur rotcs, liereaftcr, repose any confidencc in Iiim or thcm, or clevate them to any futnrc sfa lion of public trust or honor." From Mkxico. A few days later intclli gencc has bcen rcceived at N. Orleans frorn thc Mexican Capitol. The news corrolwrates thc other advices wc had rcceived by the last nrrival, of Ihe painful facl, thaf thc Tcxian ex pcdition to Santa Fc, had bcen capturcd by thc Mexicans. Thc Bulletin has bcen shown a f cmi official lettcr frorn a high public fnnc tionary iri the Mexican capitol, which statcs cxplicitly that thc Texians had bcen capturcd cnlirc nnd were hcld as prisoncrs by thc Mex ican troops. Infonnation had bcen reccived ofthe arri Tal in Yucatan of fivc Mexican Commission crs, chargcd with spccial powcrs for arranging with that State thc terms on which she would rcturn as a mcmber of the Mexican Rcpublic, now that thc mothcr had rcsumcd licr ac Rnowledged duty, and cmbraccd the federal republicanism of 1824. Most ofthc Mexicans believed that Yucatan would rcadily agrcc to return and again bccome a Mexican state. Winter Route to New Yobk. Tho com pleiion ofthe Albany and Boston Rail Road opens a very comfottablo winter communica lion bclween this cit and Ncw-York. All (says the Evc. Journal,) who have been doomed lo thc hitherto pcrilous and lcdious pnssagc of llic lliglilands in their way to and from the Capi'al during the sitting of the Legislnturc, can well appreciatc the bencfit of ihe new route. Tiains of cars lcave this city for thc East ward twice each day, (Sundays exceptcd,) viz, ut 6 a. M. and 2i r. M. Passcngers in thc first train rcach Hartford, via Springfield, at4 o'clock, and New Haven at half past 8 p. m. tho samo day. Lodging at New Ilavon, ihoy take. tho morning boat at 9 o'clock, and arrivc nt New York from 2 to 3 o'clock r. m. making the entiro trip from ihis city in about 32 hours, and avoiding night travcl. By the sccond train pnsscngers arrivc in Hartford about 0 o'clock p. w. lodge at that placc, and lake the mor ning train of cars, which will convey them to New Haven in timo for the 9 o'clock morning bont, making the entiro trip to New York in 23 hours, This roulo ofii-rs convcnicnccs to the travclhng public of which they will not bo lardv in availing ihemselves. Postmaster Ggheral's Report. The Rc port of ihis functionary (which wo hope to pub lish to-morrow) is a bricf, business-likc, wcll written document. Tho condition ofthe Gen eral Postoffice, though materially improvcd since Gan. Jackson's time, is notyetas pros perous as could be wished. For tho yenr cn ding 30th June, 1841, the expcnditures ofthc Post Office Department have excccded its rev enucs by tho sum of 8187,920. The cstimate for ihe current ycars fixcs thc receipts nt S4, 380,003, and thcexpenses at $4,490,000; thus siiowing a probable deficit of 8110,000. To rcduce this deficit to the lowest limit, tho Post Mastcr General is endeavorins "to infuso into the admitiistarlion of the servicc a rigid ccon omy bat ho cxpresses the belief that no ef forts can bring tho expenditures within the in cotne. without Teducing tho mail tran?porta lion belowthe wants ofthc criuntry, or in somc other mode increasing tho rcvenues ofthe De partment." Sevcral csiuses are pointed out which tend to rciluce thc revenucs of thc Department.' Among thc rriost promment of ihese s t ho es. lab. shment of pr. va.e cxprcsscs along lhc great Committee on Rcvolulionary Claims -Mess ma.l routcs, for the carty,ng of etter, packa-1 Dixon, Clay,n. Smith of Con., Tl'cn, and gcs and papeM. Tho Post Maslcr General . Cuthbert contends that thcsc cxprcsses cannot laufully Comm'itlce on tl, ) Judiciary-Messrs. Ber- toTvST1 ?S'a I,Sh.Cd b' i "C!I- Cla10"' Prenl!ss' WaIker' Korr. n r rcdu.ct,0in f Pstge on ctlcrs : Commilteo on Post Officcs and Post Roa l--ss a means ofincrcasinc the revenue. isal uiled ir n 1 c- j i V. tointha Rrnnrr- Mr Wrtrff- i Messrs. Merrick, Smonds, McRoberts.Mou- to inme Kcpor: , but Wr. UickhfT only pro ' tQn n,i Miiip, poses to modifv the letter postaces so as to n a , r, , ,r t.iiti i.iiiiiuiiii iu niu smauercoin (auar ters, d'une and hairdimes) ofthe U. Statcs. Ho recomm-nds likewiso ihat a great discrimi nation should bo made in iha poslage upon "noivSpap(rs," and upon "lho,e mamnioth pe noJicals which assumts lhc rftme and shape of acn-spapers, but are in fact the republication of ootrts, novels, &c Albany Dai. Adv mll.n tlmm I .1 11 MORE INCKNDIARISM FRONT1ER. ON THE The cnuse fo the light on tho fronticr, scen from this village a few nights since, iscxplain- cd in thc following paraeraph from a PlaitsW,,!, w " - O" papcr Plattsborgh, Dec. 11. Woregrctto learn that acts of incendiarism have again disturbcd Ihe quiet ofour fronlicr. On Wednesdav niaht an uncommon light was observed by many of uur cmzens ni tne north ot us ; and ycsterday we learned that three barns within tho dislance of a milo orcach other, in Odletown, L. C, jutt ncross the linc, werc discovcrcd to be oii fire, simultaneously about 8 o'clock in lhc cve mng. They were entirelv consumed with thei'r contents. includiiig five valuahle horses. We havo hear.f it suggested ihat it was undoubtcd ly the work ofthe Volunleor" Canada Militia who have latcly been disbanded. By this means they hnpe to kecp up an cxcitcment, & lo bc again orgamzed and taken into Her Ma-j-s'y s Service Republican. Wc lcarn that a delachrnent of the 7th Ref lment has been despalched to Odeltown To uard tho f.ontier. Tho Monlreal Herald speass or thc fircs asa recommencement of tno usual wntcr amusements ofthe Canadian "ffrusee ruffinns nnd American land Pirates " "nnd thrcaiens us with "retnhation on a pietlv largoscale, so as to induce tho respcctable "portion ortho Americans on our froationo reel an intercsl in prcvonting a recurrence of "border forays. 'llicy can do so if thoy like " 'poiiiinnes lhc Herald, ".ind irihcv will no' t.icir blood bc on thcii own hcads." Wo agree with tho Albany Advertiser of Thursday last that "this temperale language would doublless have moro weight with the "re spcctablo Americans on thc fronlicr," if tho fact were not fresh in their rcccollections that tho last burnings at this very Odletoicn were the work not of "Amorican land pirates," nor evcn of "Csnadian rcfugeo rufiians,,'but ofin dividua's in hcr Majesty's scr ice, who resortcd to this characlcristic cxpedient to kccp nlivc tho excitcment along ihe fronticr, nnd thus sc curc to hcmselvcs a continuancc of "pay and provent!" NEW YORK BANKS. Therc has rccently becn quite a stir among the New York Safety Fund Bnnks, and ihe re port was current that therc had been a general crash. Il is now supposed that they will gcn erally stand their ground. For the iuformation ofour rcaders we copy ihe following from the Albany Argu. ofDc. 15. All tho banks are at par, or i pcr ccnt, dis count, save the following, which are redeemed by thc Comptroller, but at a hcavy discounl. Binghampton Bank. Cattaraugus Co. Bank. Bank of Commerce, Bnffalo. Bnnk of Westcrn N. Y., Rochester. D- S. Bank, BufTalo. Bank ofLodi. Mechanics' Bank, BulTnlo. Eric Co. Bank, do. Phcenlx Bank, do. Bank of Amcrica do. Merchants' Ex. Bb. do. Union Bnnk. do. Farmcrs' Bank Seneca Co., Rcal Estates Notes. Millcrs' Bank, do. Tonawanda Bank. Tcnth Ward Bank. The following are not redeemed nt all : Allegany Co. Bank. Bank of BufTalo. Commercial Bank.'.BufTalo. Statcn Island Bank. Bnnk of Orleans, Washington Bank, N. T. Jarr.cs Bank. Commercial Bank, Oswego. Clinton Co, Bank. St. Lawrence Bank. Wo undersland that this inslilution suspended paymcnt last week. Wc are adviscd that efforts will be made to rcsume wiihin the ten days prcscribcd by law, wiiich wo hope will provo succcssful as the failureofthis inslitulion will be productivc of very serious consequences to many of tho Stockholdcrs. Ogdensburgh Times, Dec. 8. 27th CONGR,ESS-2d Session. Tuesday, Dccanbcr 14. IN SENATE.-The Journal of prorccdings was rcnd, but not including thcbiandtug Com- mittce of ihe Scssion, as was cxpcctcd Pctilions were presented by Alr. Evans, when tho Presidenl of tho Scnate laid before tho Scnate a Rpport in relulion to itisolvcut deblors. Alsoan abslracl ofthe expenses of thc Indian Department. Thc prcsiding officcr of tho Scnate then announccd thc sevcral Standing Commitlces of ihe Session as follows : Committees on Foreign Relations Messrr. Rives, Presion, Buchanan, Tallmadge, and Choalc. Commitlcc on Financc Mcssr.s, Evans, Mnncum, Woodbury, Bajard, and Berrien. Committcc on Commerce Messrs. Hun tington, VVoodbridge, King, Barrows, aud Wright. Coinmiltcc on Mnnufaclurcs Messrs. Sim monds, Archer, Millcr, Buchanan, and Morc hcad. Committee on Agricul'.ure Messrs. Linn, Bntcs Barrow, Smilli, of Con , and Sturgeon. Committee on Military AfT.iirs Messrs. Pres ton, Mcrrick, Kenton, Archer, and Piercc. Committee on ihe Militia Messrs. Plielps, Fulton, Smilli, ofls., Wil'.iams and McRob erts. Committee cn NaYal Affairs Mcssrs. Man gurn, Archer. Williams, Choatc, and Bayard. Commilteo on tlio Dislrict of Columbia Messrs. Bajard, Young, King, Kerr, & Rives. Commit'ec on Private Land Claiins-SIcssrs. Smilli ofls., Tallmadge, Huntington, and Pres ton. Commit'.ee on Indian Afl'airs-Mcssrs. More head, IFliite, Sevtor, Phelps, nnd Bcnlon. Nv,:i.. w... tuji.-j J T ' Lomrmitee on Claims Messrs. Graham. Porler, hite, Young. King and Cuthbert. omitteo on Pensmns Messrs. Bntf. Piercc, Allcn, Graluim. and Sevier. Cnmmiiteu on the Library Messrs. Pren tis. Tappan. and Choatc. Committee on Patents Mcssts. " Preston, Porter, Henderson, Mouton. and Sturecon. Committee on Public BuilJings Keir, Ful ton, anu bivans. Tlm fnllnwlnn nnmm;n. i. . c, " ""'r',i'ITl,'-;derstand tcd by the Spcakcr ofthe House ofRenMPnin il.o : , .t. 1 1-u i 1 . tivcs. in addition to those nublished vcs pntnr. Commnir.,, o .hn nvnAn,i;, ' .ul e" i DeDanmnn.Arnr "n e , . " " ' """u,t". - X. Ciiarles Hudson, Mass., IViW iam M. Qli M. V .ti, ir Tt.,.'.. : : " "ur; allV .7" . """"" onn- illiam Committeeon lhc Exoenditure, f,I,. T.. ury Department. Messrs. A. L v tcr, N, V., Samson Mason. Oh; s ' n . I ridee, N. Y , N. Y.. Uaac n. i' :X "rV url" ! Irvinsr, Penn. - ' """n i Commilteo on Expenditures Department.- Messrs. Jamcs J uJtr Vr, C, Thomas A. Tomlinson, N. Y Pn.J is ' i . 't t v v """ny Vonn. Archi bald, L. Lynn, N. Y. Committeeon Expenditures in the Navv UepartmenL nlcssrs. 1 homas Joncs Jorke N. J., Wm. Simonton. Penn., Nathaniel B Borden, Mass., Alex. H. H. Stuart. Va., Wil- us urcen, iU'. Committee on Expenditures in the Post Of- ucc Uepanment.--Messr3. Joshua A. Lowell, ,i ."nsloPner aiorgan, M. Y.. Wm. II. Washington, N. C, Linn, Bovd, Kv., Henry b. Lan", Ind. " J Cominilleo on Expenditures on the Public Buidings.-Messrs. Cavc Johnson.Tenn., Seth M. Gater, N. Y., Benjamin A. Bidlack.Penn SamuelStokely.Ohio; Jacob Houck, jr?, N.' Thursday, Dcc 10, 1841. . rZ-ZP10' business 'ransacted w; "u IB",r lo n cemmiltea on as Pi- nance tbc bill from the House of Reprcsenta tives making provision for the civil expenses of govcrnment for 1842, and toconsidcr thrcc or four privatc bills. A resolution, ofTercd by Mr. Preston, call ing upon the Secretary ofthe Treasury for his plan of fiscnl ngency was adoptcd ncm con. Tho Senato then, on motion of Mr. Bentos, adjourned over to Monday the 20th inst. I; the House of Representatives. The day wns spent iti discussing the qucstion of refercnce of ceriain portions ofthe Prcsidcnt's Message. Mr. Fillmore had movcd to refersn much ofthc Message a? rclalcs to a TnrifTlo the Committee on Manufaciures. This motion Mr. Atherton proposed to amend bv substi- tuting thc Commiltec on Ways and Mcans for the Committee on Manufaciures. Mr. Wise, Mr. Floweu of Georgip, Mr. Rhett of S. C, Mr. Smith of Va.. and one or two o'.hers sup ported thc rcfcrence to ihe Commiltec of Ways and Means, on the sevnral grounds that it was sfclely a queslion of revenue that "prolection" was unconstitutional ihat nroteclion could nol be incidcntal to rcvcnuc. ar.d that revenue cea- sed where pro'tection began. I On the olher hand, Mr. Fillmore.Mr. Briggs and Mr. Irwin argued in favorof tho refercnce ia uie uommuico on manuiaciures, uecause ihis course was smctioned by prcccdcnt, and becausc, thc neccssity of raising revenue bcing conceded, thc principal inquiry rcmaining was, what arlicles should bc made to pay duly, or, in other words. since we must have a TarifT, shall this TarifT recard or disrcgard thc manu facturing interest of thc countrj a question manifestly for the prcliminary invesligalion of thc committee on Manufactures. The discus sion ivas not closed when thc House adjourncd. On Fridny the Senate did not sit. In tho House, thc debato of Thursday was rcsumcd, immediittly aftcr the reading ofthe Journal and with great spirit- Mr. Joses, of Va., led ofTthc discussion in fivor of tho refer cnce to the commitieo on Ways and Means, and argued at somo length to show that there" was nolhing in ihe Prcsidcnt's Message which con'.crnplated the prolection of manufacturers, or proposed to discriminalo in lovying duties in favor of protcclion. On the other sidc, Mr. Hunt, of N. Y., Mr. Randolph, of N. J., and Mr. Jos. R. Ikgebsoll, of Pa., spoko with great tflecl and eloquence in favorof tho rcler. once lo tho Committee on Manufaciures, and in answer to the agumcnts thrown out ngainst tho doctrino of prolection and of discriminalin!? dutics. Mr. Imrersoll (iho worihvsuccpssnrof iir. oargeani) scemstoliavo acquittcd himsclf - . " . most crcauaDiy in lns maiden specch. As on Thursdav, thc dcbate was nrotractcd to ouito a laio nour, anu ine liousc ao:ourncd wiilioul dis posing ofthe qucstion. Thc rcsult ofthc dis cu'sion is Iooked loo with great interest, as it ?l ! is consiucrco in some sort asa test qucstion on me impormni suujcct ol thc l aritt. House. December 10. Mr. Wise was very glad that thc genilemnn from New Hampshirc (Mr. Athcrlon) had mado this motion : if hc had not, hc (Mr. W.) snouia navo movcil it. Jt liad always been the Icst qucstion. the queslion of refercnce, betwccn tho tnrifT nnd anti-tarifTparties. Those hcreioforc in lhc hislory of the tarifT qucstion who had gone for protcclion per se, haJ cone for the refercnce to the Cumrnittec on Manu factures, and tr.oso who had gono for a tarifT for rcvcnuo to supply the waats of tho Treas ury, liatl votecl a referencc to tho Committee of Wnys nnd nlcans. Tho gcnllcman from Ilhode hlanil (Mr. Tillinghast) had said there was a ponion of ihis Message which recommonded protection to manufactures, a tarifT of dutics for prolec tion, and had undertakcn to rcad this Message in such n mancer as to Iead to such an infer- cncr. Hc (Mr. Wise) did not uso thc worda but tho ideas ofthc gcnllcman, when he said that tho gcnllcman had allcgcd that tho Prcsidcnt had rccommcnded protection. Thero was nothing in tho fllessuge which suggested any such lhin. Ile then quoted vnrious passagcs from tho Messago, showing, as ho contcnded, ihat protcction was not intcndcd, but ihat ref. ercnce wns had to fiscal objecis; to Treasury ohjccts alonc, to rcvcnuc. Tho Messngo re comme.ided a larifTof dutics for revenue; it it admittcd a dulj of discriminaling for tho ob ject of revenue ; and wiihin the litie of rcvcnuo gentlemc:) might ascribe to thcmsclvcs the right of protcction, if they plcased- Not ono inch beyonJ a tarifT revenue did it go. It miglu be said that thc part whiclj admi'.ted lhc right of discriminatioii ought to go to thc Commitieo on Manufictures ; but tl cy could not separate lhc two parts, and it ought to bc refcrred to the Commilteo of wavs and Means. In ihe first place, becausc the'tariflf recom mended was a tarifT of revenue, nnd in thc next place, bccause protcction was mcrely in cident. The question was whether the princi. pai suouiu covern llie reiercr.cp. or n mnre in. cident. The centlcman incioent govcrn the principal, nnd carrv thi: whole subject to tho Committee on Manufac tures, lo raiso a tarifT for the protection o iua juiuciures. Mr. Foster (a repnrt of whose remarks will appear hereafier) advocatcd the rcfcrence to tho Uommittec of Ways and Means. nt ri ...... mr. uncti saia nis objecl was to call tho at icminn 01 me iiouse lo llic characlcr of this ' e ncm. He did not un tho message ns recommendinf nro ip .s .'t-LU,nmBnu'''g pro iwuuii uauii, or a inriii wiin n :..T. '"'.,a u,i" n v w 10 Prolec .ULl 'iy lor revenue. Me must con. ess.u,c message did also mtimatc that discrim inatlOIl initr ithH sn mnonc lo nrotect mnnti. laciures. vncn a duty was rnade for tho nur yose of revenue. could it induce to nmtt hn? F,?lA7. Way .wh,ch do.me.s,,c Pducer W . a "C Denealea, be by having h.s man lUTes co"s.umed. inslead of the foreign man "'aciurcs which would como in. This xvas the only way in which he could bo benefited: and in I this noint of vimrlinw ti-ne it nn-'.l! lno a dut" for revcnue and protection? Prc Cl -v where 000 lnterc9t cornmenced the oih er cndcd. If tho two ohjccts were incompati ble and inconsistent wiih each other. as ho conienoed, what did they proposc by the im I'uauiuu oi auiies uniess dulies were laid , i ; mauuiatiurer, anu tor thn, i . ." 01 conwcrce; uniess that was r7 ' rr'S" 01 ' Mouse, duties must bc question onf,"-1 the IrmA , ,i.JA?..d"'le8 for 'evenue be rc- Tho timehad now" comec ZJ, mustbesettled; nine yeVah ha qUCS-"n edonthisfloor mii tJ islaiing on the first step he uraed thm . P careful to commit tho subject to the commiit io which it belonged. If the house intendpf duty for revenue, or iiicidentally for prolection, the fubiect should no to Mhe Uommittee or Ways and Means. Ifthc principal bencfit was of protection, thc sobicct should go to the commitiee on manufactures. Jtfr Smith ofVirginia said he would brieflv bring lo tho'notice of tho house the real and proper cbaracter of the queslioa before them. Ho then went into an hiitoricai examination of the cxistencc ofseveral committees, showing that beforo the creition of the committee on manufactures, its duties had been performed by tho commiltec on commerce, togcther with lhc prescnt dulies of this committee. Hu then continucd. When thc spirit of protcc tion began to minifcst ilself, thc commiitce on manufaciures was made, nnd now the question was whether the commitlce od manufactures for the purposc of protcction, should be recog nized as inthe powerof Congress. If the power of protcclion werc unconstitutional. clearly the committee on manufaciures niust be. The queslion then was, whether the house meantto look toa larifTonly for revenue, or for prolcc lion? If for revenue, what use was there for the committee on manufactureal lls powcrs could be cmbraced as formerly, under tlrecom mittee"! on commerco and ways and means, and thc committee was nltogether unnecessary. Correspmdcnce o"ttcJV. Y. Tribune. Washington. Monday, Dec 20 The annual report of tho Secretary of lhc Treasury was laid before tho House to day, at a late hour of its scssion, and is not yct recciv. ed by lhc Scnate. From the hasty glanco I was cnabled to tako of it, l perceive itpresents the condition ofthe Ireasurv for the current year in the samc mnnncr as laid down in thc Prcsident's mcssae, viz. total receipts for 1841, 631.397 512 80: expenditures 31, 035,079 70 : Ieavin" a deficit on the 1st of January next of 8027,557 70. To supply which an immcdiato i&suc of Treasury Notes is rccommendcd. For the ycar 1842 the eslimates are as fol low Receij t from Cusloms(including dutics accruiuz in 1841 and pavableSin 1842 to ihe amount "of S3.400.000,) S19.000.000 ; Treas ury Notes, 50,000 : misccllaneous, 150,000 ; nmounlinn o $19,200,000 : from which do- ducling the estimatcd deficit on the 1st of Jan uary, 1842 of 8627,559 90, leaves the total revenue for 1842, S 18,572,440 10. The ex pcnditures for 1842 (includin? 7,000,000 for the rcdcmptiou of Treasury Noles) aro csli- mated at 532,791,000 78 ; leaving a deficit at ihe end of 1842 to bo provided for, ofS14,218, 570 68 ! ! This looks disaslrous in the ex trcmo. Farthur particulars of thc Report will soon appear In the House, Mr. Snyder of Pa. mado an unsucccssful attcmpt to ofTer the resolution a- doptcd uy lhc scnate, in relation to pnnting. Mr. Sladc addrcsscd the house for two hours and a half, entcring into tho general suhjcct, in favor ol a protective tarifT, and advocating the rcicrcncc to Ihe committcc on manufactures. Hc made lhc basis of his specch rcsoiu'ions adoptcd by tho iiCgisLture of Vermont, m strocting their Scnntors and rcquesting their ucpresenintives to doal in iheir powcr for the adoption ef a protectivo tarift. Ihe commit tcc on manufactures was thc otTsprincofn prolcctivo policy. Intouii examination ofthe origin and hislory of this policy he cnlercd. It cornmenced with the very origin ofour gov. ernmcn ; to show that it had bcen a seliled policy of Govcrnment ho refcrred at length to Mcssajes of washinnlon, JefTurson, Madlson. J Q. ' Adams and Jackson. all of whom had favored il. IIc polntcd out clearly iho bene- fits ofthe protectivo policy, not only to the IV orth, but to all portions ofthc country. With out protcction, the niarket in tho North fur the crcat slaplo of cotton would be destroved : the Southcrn cotton would in ten or fifteen vears be superfedcd in tho Brilish market by the cot ton of'ihcir East India posscssions, and it was ulleily a suicidal policy for Iho South to under- take to prostratc the maufacturiac lnlc.'csts: it would soon appear so, nnd tho timo was not far dislant when they would have most efhcient support from gcntlcmcn from tho Southcrn Statcs :n favor of this policy. Cpina. An overland mail had nrrived from Clnna, with intclligcnce to tha 24th of August. The truce conliuued unbrokcn nl that date. The bulk ofthc Canlon ransom-monev hnd becn dispatchcd by hcr majesty's ships Cal.i ope and Conway : thc former carryinjT two and ahalf millionsof dollars Io Cnlculla, where she arnvcd m safety on thc 4ih of A ugust ; tho la'.ler being cntruslcd with iwo millions dircct for cngland. An inventory of tho nmount of propcrty be. Ionging !o Kcshcn, which has just bcen confis calcd, has been pubhshcd ns value cxcceds thrce millions of puunds sterling ! mostly ex traclcd in bnbcs from Ihe Hcng merchants, from opium speculalions, & illegitimate imposis ot tradc. 1 i.c lorlunc ol Kcshen is onc of ma ny similar ones acquircd by like infamous means. Sir Henry Pottinger had bcen at Canton.nnd tssud a r.otihcation to tho Brmsh merchants lo keep themselves out ofthe way of dangcr, as it wasprouabie that liostililies might soon rccom mence. Sir Henry Pottinger at Macao, issued a proclamation, in which he distineilv IpIU ih Europcans that lhc pcrfidy of the "Cninese is weii unuerstood'-that he shall res noct thc ex. isting truce lut that tho Chineso will brcak it und that ihcn he is prepared to do any thing to corupel "an honorable nnd lasling peacc." Thc following are tho condiiions which Sir nenry roitingcr has bcen mstructed to demand us me uasis ol a trcaty of pcaco : 1st, thc open ing oi all the Ciuneso ports situatcd on thc .nsicrn coast lo all iiuropcan naiions without cxccpiion, who will be rjcrmitted subjecl lo a modcrale duty on tho entry nnd de' panure oi me vessels. 2d. Thc abolition of uio monopoiy niinerlo cnioyed by the Honir Merchants. 3d, The apnointmenmrnn p.,i;.i, AiiiuaMouur io ri-sice at t le Lourt of Pvhlr. . 4th, Indemnity to tho Brilish merchants for the Ioss sustamcd oy lhc dcstruction of nnmm nn .1 I 1 : . r.t . i I , uiu auuiiiiun oi me iraoc. Fanaticism. In the Lcuislatnrr! nfflpnr- gia. a Mr. Howarrl, from thc majorilv ofthe committee on thestatcof Rcpublic, made a report io uic iiouse on the 10th, denoun- cing all and singnlar the acts of the extra scssion, denounciiigspecifically thc support civen to them bv Mr. Berrien. and esrjec tally condemninghis opposition to the vcto powcr, and hissupport ofthe confirmation of Hon. Edward Evcrelt. as MinwtPi- i jngiana. l ne oommittce snva "Thc ground upon opoosition lo that nn- poinlment isbased, is bclieved'hv thln'i mittce toucra sound ono. w hii-li 5f u ua i - . . . . v - oeen carnca out dv the reiectionorrTr TV. crett vvould. have cxerciscd a salutarv influ cnce inallaying. abolition movements.ana tnus have contrihuted bothto tlie peace andsccuntyfothe whole countrv- P j - A NatIOKAL AGRiaii.TninT s- . bspn formed in. Washington city. PEOPLE'S PRESS. Tuesday Morning, Dec. 28, 1841. THE TARIFF. It will be seen in this papcr, that an inter csting debate in Congress has sprungup incl dentally upon a motion to refer that part ofthe President's messago which telates fo the iar iffto the commitieo on manufactures. The opponenU of protection prcfcr the committee of ways and means. The rcsult of the vote upon the refercnce will afibrd somcthing more than an inkling of thc final decision of con eress UDon this vastly imporiant subiect. Al- though pnrty lines aro not so invariably observ ed in relation to the TarifT as to other meas ure?, the samc rank bostility to protcction which has been manifestcd in the Globe, Evc ning Post, Journal of Commerce, N. H. Pat riot, and other Ioco prints, characterizes the great body ofthc opposition in congress. This party seem to bo weddcd to southern policy as by an indissolublo bond. Thc grounds taken by the anti.fariffitcs are, that duties imposed with any view to protec tion are unconstitutional. Incidcntal advantagcs mny rcsult to thc manufacturing interest from a TarifT for rev enue; but discrimination for this purposc would be wholly inadmissible. Messrs. Foster and Smith, southcrn men, conccivc that the com mittee on manufactures is ilself unconstitu tional, and should be abolishcd. Messrs. Wise. Profit and othcrs, the familiar fricnds of the Presidcnt declare that when the Prcsidcnt speaks of discriminating dutics "with reference lo domestic policy, connected teith our manufac iures," ho has no other object in view but thc revenue, and would wholly discountcnance a TarifT for protection. Thus is the doctrine boldly avowed, that an American congress have no constitutional right to lay duties for protcction, nor in Iaying duties for revenue mcrely, have they a right fo discriminate for the bencfit of any of the great intcrcsfs of the country. The interests of manufacturcr at Icast with which those of tho agriculturists are so cntwined, that they must survivc or pcrish togcther, arc scofied at by southcrn insolcnce, and like thc pctitions of Abolitionists are evcn dcnicd a committee to "ivc thcm r hearing in tho councils of the nation. How dificrent arc thcso vicws from those of the founders of our Union, and thc framers of the conitilution. It is said that tho very first petition over presented to congress was in fa vor of protection. The second act of con grcss rccognized thc principlc, and in 1816 tho South with Calhoua at their head, imposed up on the country the American System which they now so fiercely denounce. Tho powcrs which the modern Lycurguses would dcny to thc constitufion are not only cssential to our piospcrity, but indispensible to our indcpcn- dcncc as a pcople. Foreign naiions may drive our commerce from the ocean, our mcr chants from their countcrs.our mechanics from their shops, and our manufactures from their looms and their gpindlcs. They may rob our farmcrs of two thirds of the valuo of their producc in their port before they will sufTcr it to bc sold in their markcfs. In short, foreign spcculators and sharpcrs may roam unrestraincd through thc Union, sweepingour currency into their pockets, swclling with wcalth, just in pfoportion as our own citizcns shnnk into paupcrism; and wc may bc compelled fo survey the sccnc of plun der and impovcrishment in despair. Thc on ly snield ot dclcnce is wrested from our hands. Thc TarifT must bc imposed for revenue alone Protectivo dutics, and retaliatory cn acimcnis are beyond tho powers which the consfitution has confcrrcd upon that covern ment fo whose guardianship thc common wel- fare is cntrusted. Such is lhc wrelchcdsfafe of imbccilily and ruin to which thc worthlcss abstractionism of the South have already rcduccd us. Our rcv- olutionary fathere fought for the frcedom lo tradc where they plcased. and to manufacturc what they pleascd, of which Britain attempt ed lo dcpnve us. But wo havo now voluntari ly assumcd the shacklcs which hcrarmics and iu vuiii aiicmpica io nx upon us. w c arc as completcly the vassals of British wcalth and grea'.ncss as wc should havo bcen in a stato of colonial dcpcndencc. Is it not time that this palsied nation had awakoncd to a scnsc of thc wretched thraldom to which Southern sclfishness has rcduccd us? Is it not timo wc should look around and con tcmplatc the horrid abyss into which we arc stupidly and rapidly plunging? If Southern men cling for slave Iabor alonc, lel tho dem ocracy of Northern working.men unite for tho free Iabor of their own hands; and Ict slavc- holders distinclly undersland, that if they in- sist upon hmiting thc policy and consfitution of the country to cotton growing, and worsc shall come to worse, the North will cxpand the inierpretationot the motto vrolecllon to free laooriar Deyond its ordinary acceptation. ln pursuit of a fair protcction to domcs ticindustry, which alonc can save them from personal penury, and national weakness and degradation, their watchword is, victory or death. Vermont calls UDon her renrpsnnfn. tivcs with a firm unitcd voico to rallv under the banncr of protcction, and in relation to South. ern abstractionism ignoranco and cvtricc, to adopt the motto "head them or die." Heavcn forbid that a doeface should be found among the reprcscntatiyes of our noble little state. If wc cannot have protection, tho wierd sisfcrs may as well wind np the destinies of tha na tion first as hut. To the Cifltnr oflbe reoplc'i Prtti: Sir I now pnceed, as I have before intimai ed I sbouhl. ifablc to doso, to s'ats somt what at large. the reasons which bave irresisiibly led me to the conclusion that the following article inihe Consliiilutiiin of this State, making provision for iis amsndraent, ought to be abolishcd : Sict. 43. In ordcr that tlie freedom of thu oom. monvrcalth may bo prcservtd inTiolato forevor, tlicro ahall bo cliicn by bjllol, by thc frccmon of lliii state. on ths lat Wcdnediy In Marcb, m the ynzr onu ihoimiid ssron liunflrcd and ninely.ninc, and cn tlm lait Wcdncday !n March, in erery lersn year thereancr, thirtaen prrsons. who ahall bo choacn iti tho sarao manncr as thc council is chosen, cxcept that they iliall not bo out of tho council orgcnsralaf s.mbly. tn bo callcd the coimcil ofeen,or,, whoJhaH raect logctlicr on thc first Wcdncsd&y 0f June ocit ensuing theirclection, ths majorlty of whom ahall bo a quorum in cvcry cajs, except as to callinc a-coB-ventjon, in which two thirds ofthe whole numbor elccted shall agrce; and whose duty it shall bo to inquire whother the constitution has bcen prescrrcd inviolate in every part during tha last septonarj, (including tbe ycar of llifir servicc,) and nlictlicr tho legislitivo and exscutive brancbcs of govrrn msnt have pcrftrmcd their duty as gusrdians ot tho pccplc, oi asiunrcd to themselves. or cxerciscd other or grealer powers than they aro cntilled lo by Iho conttituiton. They aro also to inqoiro wholherthe public taxcs have beenjustly laid and collectodin all parts of tha ccmmonvrt altb ; in what manner tln public monies have b:en disposed of, and whether tho laws havo bcen dulr erccutcd. For thess purposes they shall have power to send for pcrsons, papen and rccords ; they shall have powcr to pas publia conturei, to order impeaehmcnts, ar.d lo rccoinmanit to tho lcglslaturo the rereiling such lawa as shall appoar lo thera to have bcen pa3srd ccntraty to tho principlcs of the constitution ; thcso powers they shall continuo to havo for and during the spaco of ono year from tho day of their elccti'm and no longer. The said council of censors shall also havo powtr to call a convonlinn, to mect within two ycars afler their sitling, if thero appears to them an absolulo neccssity of amcnding any arlicle of this constitulion which may bo dcfcctire, cxplaining such as may bo thougbt nol clearly expressed, andnf adding such as are neccssary, for the presorvalion of the righls and happiness of Ihe peoplo. But tho arlicles to bo amend. ed, and tha amcndmonts proposed, and such articlcg as are proposed to bo addcd or aboliihcd, shall b-i promulgatcd al lcasl six monlhs bcfcrj the day ap. pointed for tho elcction of such convcntion, for tho previous consideration of the pcoplo, that they maj havc an oppcrlunity cf in.tructing Iheir dvlegates on. thc sul j'ct. We fii:d at the present day mankind mav be dividcd inlo three class- s. Theclass wliich'firsl attracts our notice, because tlie most noisvnnd blustering. consists of Ihose who take as a starting point, ihe fact, that we arc the most enlighleneil people of this most enlighlened nge, and have inaueso rapiu auvances anu .-ucli vasl improve men's in all sciunc-s, especially thc science of SOTcrnment, that it is altoueihcr nrt-nasirrnn t. tread in ihe foolsteps of ourmorc ignorant prede cessors; that any aiid evcry clnnge is prima facie an improvement, and therrfore very cot: sistently, (ifindeed they can be said to bc ron sislent in any thing,) prefer a uevly invcnted machine, (huugh ntvei put in nperation, to any one which has long been in successful operatioo. There isanotlier class, who without fxaminaiioti li.'.card every thinz which is new, as a sillv moi'crn invrnticn, and are fatally fixed by ths force of habii, in a course from which Ihey can nnt he.ioduceJ to deviaie. Wne !he whole" wor'd comp'isrd of such men, it wnufd soon come lo a dead stand. Now I wisb all i.nd every inJivid ual of hoih ihrsc clatses distinclly to undersUnd that I have not one word to sav lo ihem. For until ihe first clas wi'I descend from Iheir airv height and come down lo ihe levtl with common ense and co.nmon e-xperience, and the other class will hursl their shell and extrcistrihe reason ihat God has eiven them. it U uiterlv u.elrsi. tn t-.it- i ) cilher. But thtre is belween ihese twn. n far morp n mero is class, whi rely principallv on theJiMit nr experience as a Euide, an I are caulious in iryinft expermenls, but at Ihe same time are dcvnuily ihankful lo iheir Maker that I;e ha, made man capable of improvement and has endowed Jiim with reason, by the proper i-xercise of which he can improvc himself and ihe sovernment under which helivcs. With tUU class of my fellow citizens, I have a strong desire to hold a conver sation. Fornewhat piot acled, on the subject of aboliVhing the liirrgoing arlicle ofthe Constim- tion. 1 wih it iiiishl bclilrr.illv a conv. rs.mfnn an intcrchanse ofour viewson the si.bjeci ; it would be as rleasant s ii would nn. fii.nl, i,.,- But since I nm deharred ihis privileffe. 1 pan rnli- civc lhrin my views m the subject. And ultlio' i ao noi oeneve tnere h one in Inis ninihern cli maie, who would thiok ii dihincrable to clmnge his opininn, when cnnvineed of his ciror yet I have not ihe vanitv to behcve. that I shnll i, able to change opin ons which hsve bcen de!ib eratily formed on a careful examinmian nf tUn arlicle. Still I do flatler rayself that I can r.vo someaidin formingr nn xpinion in tlie subjct. to those who have paid no narlicular aii.-mlnr. the article; nnd I have reason to believethisclas of persons h very numerous, from the fact that althoush, as is known to somc, I have for'ncir half a century, considered our Consiitution ila" fective, and been anxiou? to sce it amended, and made conformahle to the conslituiions nrnriTh. borin" States. vet I have no rerolUrtinn it t r erer lurned a thought upon this arlicle wiih a view of foiminjr an opinion, whether itdid. nrdi.l not provide the best mode ofamending ihe Con stitution, but naturally thought favorably of it because 1 c in$idc.ed. err.miously, I now perceive that it piovided the only mode in which the Con stitution could be amended. But cn adverlin" to what occurred at the .last conveniion. I Rna pected that the strenuous and nearlv cncctual opposition to the article consituting'a Senate, arose from the very singular, if nol nbsurd pro vision of ihe artiijc under considcration. Tliis arrested my attenlion aDd led me to a verv rnru- ful examination of all i s prorisions. And altho' I could but thinkthat the mode nrnvidp r., amending the Consliiution, was not in nccordance with the great principle on which our goyern menlsrest, and extremely inconvenien'" yet I could not l:ut doubt the correciness of my views on ihe subiect. from the fact that thU nnM i,nri remained m our Consliiution, unaltercJ fr.im its first formatioo, in.thefyear 1778, and ihat at the end of every seven years, we had elected a coun cil of Censois, all of vvhom, except one, had re commended amendmenls to ihe Constitution, but none of thcm had propst?d to alleror abo!ih this arlicle. And I could not believe it was because they considered orrather, lnsensibly feh that it would be a suicidal act. strikinr themselves out ol" existence, and I thought no more or the subject, until I learned ihat tbe present Council of Cen sors, contempiaieu proposing ceriain amend ments to the Consliiution. Tnis brought the subject ng-ain to view, and I cannot bnt fbink it deservingtheattentinn ofthe Conncil of Censors and the pcople. I shall iherefore proceed, as pr-'posed in t'e outsef, to slate the reaons which have8atisned my raind, that the article onght to be abolishcd. But before wc nroceed to n n,ti.. ular examination of the provision contained in ihe ariWe, ir may bc well to nsepri.-vn n,i,,i,i there be any thing more extrinsic, which ou"ht tohave any weisht in deciilinf tb whether the article onght to be abolishcd, or re lained in 'he Constitulion. 1 have already siatcd what wei'ht its lonsr coniinnnn th r.n,:. luii 'u had with me, and it may, probably have the s ime wcight wiih oihers. I will then, adrer io ine ongm ot thearticlein Pennsylvania where was first frametl and nuWc a part of ih? Crj(