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'RfifttARKS OF MR. DRAKK, OK N'ASlt, , A f Detlvteredln the Senate of Worth : C"oIJ Kill nmnn.inr to establish a new County by the name ot wuson. IrBeifore the vote is taken on the amend bT the Senator from Wayne, I mast ask -r the Senate for a fetr moments. 1 Mr. Speakei r.i I . . . ' f .u Sml tor a ij? "TK sinker. 01U " wa su met been mistaken ; and it now become my duty as the representative oi a iree ieupnr, .-, ---- j be heard, to say something upon the merits of the bill 1 upon your table. . Mr. Speaker, I do not expect to be able to make a Speech, in the common acceptation of the term, lor I assure you. Sir, that the art of "P?hk'"K J"" never cost me a moment's thought ; for I have ever considered it one of the 'eq"al'fiuc.a,'D,VK'"C cessful pursuit of that profession which " has been my lot In life to pursue. But, Sir, I do fxpectto submit some plain, practical, and common-sense ob servations at least. I have heretofore been content to listen to the argu ments of those who were in every way, perhaps, better qualified than myself, and have been generally satis fied in casting what we term here, a silent vote. But upon this occasion I feel. Sir, that I am left without excuse, when an attempt is here made to dismember my Countv and transfer a portion of its citizens with out their consent. To be silent would be unpardon able. With these preliminary remarks, I shall make a plain statement of facts, and rely upon the wisdom and justice of the Senate to decide the question upon its merits, only regretting. Sir, that my constituents have not a more able advocate than myself. About forty years ago, there was a scheme for a new County sprung up, to be composed ot parts of the same Counties mentioned in the bill upon your table. They petitioned once or twice to the Legislature, but Sir? they utterly failed to accomplish their object. This Sir, then, as now, would have relieved all their ' grievances. The old plot,. I have no hesitation in saying, is the only one the Legislature could, with any degree of propriety, (looking to the interest of all parties concerned.) grant. And I nndertake to say, . that we never should have heard of this new County arain, but a few yeats ago, by the influence of sleam power, there sprang up divers villages, and amongst them the town of Wilson. There are several wealthy and influential individuals residing in and about Wil son, who I understand are, and were the grand movers in this new County project. This excitement has . been got up within the last four years, for the purpose of self-aggrandizement. , - Mr. Speaker, there are a certain class of politicians in nnr Pnniitv Tinne I hoDe. for the honor ot the Senate of North Carolina, in this body who believe that all legislation should be for the rich. Yes Sir, protect the rich, that they may protect the poor. Poor protection Sir; and were they compelled to rely upon that kind of legislation, they would be, to all intents and purposes, the hewers of wood and draw - rs of water for the rich. I mention this as I think 'it i the Hr-.h man who is now knocking? at the door for admission ; not for the love of the poor dear peo- pie, as they would have you to believe, out to enncu themselves at the expense of the unsuspecting poor, I have a good many objections to this bill, some i of which 1 will now proceed to mention : ; 1st. I contend the grievance compiaineaoi is more imaginary than real 2d. My people do not wish iu And 3d. I contend it is contrary to the wish, as ex- T of a epeec" ... .... - ,,, . K?;l as 1 had expecieo uiui - . - "J . - . - .1 ; . riohlv deserves, in the the taie inai mi " " . .. . T l nf ai ihia i .annul, uuhvui pressed during the lifetime of that patriot and soldier ; they quickly agreed to unite their forces and give the whose memory they would perpetuate. j double-dealer what he richly deserved a complete This I feel warranted in saying, as I have heard it ; crrying. They dragged hin from his shop-board, from sources which cannot be .bro'tght in question, j scratched, pinched, kicked and bit him till they were But, Sir, bis name has had a good deal to do in get- tired ; then each seized a leg and hauled him out of ting names to this memorial. It has, I have no doubt, , doors and through the gutter, head downwards as far acted like a charm. But, Sir, to my first objection, !as YValnut street, where a policeman stayed the pro which was that the grievance was more imaginary ceedings, and took the rival lasses in charge. They than real, which I will now attempt to prove. My were bound over toanswer for the breach of the peace County is an oblong square as you will perceive but both expressed a determination to bring suits by reference to the map about forty-four miles long, asajnst Bradley for breach of promise.' ' Here is a and about twenty-two or three miles wide. The , njce pajr f breeches for this tailor to mend. Couit House is situated about the centre troiti cast i io rvesi, ana aonm mreo nines iiurui ui mo tmno, from South lo North. An ind'vidual residing in the Southern part of the County would have to travel, to ' Israelite, is thus interrogated : " The second coin get to Nashville, about twenty-four miles. There aro j ing of Christ is believed by a large portion of Chris- eret some living in the Southeast and soutnwest angles who would, of course, have to travel a few miles far ther. So you see. Sir, if there is a grievance in the Southern, it exists to nearly as great an extent in the Northern portion of the County. Again, Sir' I contend that if you pass thin bill, you will, instead of remedying the evil, make it greater. For, Sir, as you multiply new Counties, in the same proportion do you increase the chances to be drawn as Jurors. For this, Sir. is the main grievance com nlnincn nf anrl nrnrpn ho tin frinda nf tliA Kill jurymen in my County, are likely to be drawn about ; once in eighteen months; now add another County, some men who endeavor to stir up rebellion and di vi and you will increase the probabilities one-fifth more, sion among the people who falsely quote the Scrip This, Sir, I think a correct position, as you will then lures to carry out their fanaticism on slavery who have five Counties, where you now have four. But, openly defy the laws, and wickedly recommend op Sir, I oppose this, as I have opposed all petitions of i position to them who are sowing division and inise this kind upon principle as my course here will j ry throughout the land. He would say : " I had show. trouble with the Scribes and Pharisees, who were my My second objection is, 1 think, conclusive, if I j own people thpy did not recognize my mission; but had no other; which is, that my constituents, panic- here are mv followers as thev reDresent themselves ,llnrlir tKluo lloinfT in tliA nnrtinn nf mv llmintir n rn - ' j - . - . r. ...... . ... j i-imposed to be taken off, are utterly opposed to it, and have instructed me to vole against it. And, Mr. Speaker, I am one of those who believe in the risrht ! : -c.i ...u . u.i: I Vt IllSbl HUUUII , HUB UI hlltJae WIIH UBIICYD Ulfll lilt? r6l resentative is bound by the will of his constituents. Knowing, therefore, the will of those who have hon ored me with a seat here, lam left no alternative but to vote against the passage of the bill. But, Sir, I am proud to say, that upon this as upon most occa aims in which I have been called upon to act in this body, my notions coincide entirely with those who have sent me here ; and I now, Sir, in their name, enter ray solemn protest against the passage of this bill ; and in doing so, I am satisfied that I express the wish of nine-tenths of those I represent upon this A . Ti.:. -c c i ., floor. i ins uicii, oir, in iiseii, u i nau no oilier, would be quite a sufficient reason for me. Here then, Sir, are the people themselves asking this Legisla ture not to pass this bill. Will this Senate, with this fact before them, transfer a free people from place to place like stosk in a market, without their consent? T . . . n : ww, ... i . ... i irusi nui oir. io pass mis Dili, and it becomes ii,.i.,.fii,.i...i :. . ii j ' u discontent vo.. M n.rhn nr ho ,h-Pi-. r it in this Hall. It would be, Sir, in my opinion, a perfect outrage upon them a disregard; as I conceive, . . J ' . . r vi , oi meir rignis as treemen. 1 win taKe another view of its Suppose, for the sake of argument, they were willing; I think it would be inflicting a serious wrono- npon the old County ; tor it would throw the whole burthen of expense of six or seven expensive bridges across the River, upon the old County, costing from six to fifteen hundred dollars each, as this counter petition will show; Another serious objection Sir, is the form it would leave the County ot Nash lookat it, Sir. Any oth er lonn though, (I suppose,) would not have answer ed their purpose; for it seems that it has been the aim of the movers in this new County project, to hold Nash in reserve. If you had asked them some time ago how much of my County they wanted, or rather how much they intended lo take, the answer would have been a piece as big as a piece if chalk. They could not have given you an answer more definite, for they were at a loss themselves. I understand that in running the line in some of the Counties, there was a good deal of dissatisfaction produced some wishing to get in the new County, others objecting; and to satisfy them, they would be compelled to run around some, and in other instances it become neces sary for them to draw in a little making the line like the worm of a fence. Yes, Sir, as tfley encroached upon Edgecombe, JdhnsVon, or Wayne, it became necessary for them to encroach a little upon Nash, always keeping an eye to the centre. Yes, Sir, the stake was driven down in Wilson, and everything made to yield to its influence. There was another influence brought to bear in getting up signatures to the memorial upon your ta ble, and 1 aBude to it here, because it was charged In. .lho ,her. House, anJ not denied by the friends of the bill I mean whiskey. Many of the names were procured whilst under its influence. But, Sir. it will be said that a large number of names to the counter petition, are also upon the memorial. 1 will tell you the reason, they were made to believa that the line would run differently from that specified in tha bill. I undertake to say. Sir, the line was never known until a few day8 before the meeting of this body. 1 lus, then, accounts for the double instruc- tions given tile, by the citizens residing in the portion of my County proposed to be taken AW- v I have alluded to, Mr. Speaker, and exhibited the form it would leave the County of Nash; and I have it from the best authority, that a person residing in the Southern part of the County of Nash, in travel ing to Nashville, would have to pass through five or six miles in Wilson County. .The line of Wilson County would run within nine miles of Nashville, taking persons in Wilson, when in fact they would be nearer to Nashville than to the town of Wilson. Another reason why you should not pass this bill : It would render the offices in my County almost worthless. Our Superior Court Clerk's1 office is now not worth more than sixty or seventy dollars. Our former Clerk has held the office to-be-sure, for five or six years, when the salary would not pay his board ; and I suppose he only held ii to fill blank in his time. And notwithstanding the small fees, he discharged his duty well ; and I understand that the transcripts sent to the Supreme Court, were sent in better style than any other Clerk's in the State. He has resign ed, and we, as it were, have another Godsend in his successor. The fees arising from the office, I sup pose, is the, least inducement he had to accept the office. I cannot think the Senate will, for a moment, en tertain the amendment of the Senator from Wayne. In conclusion, Mr.Speaker, 1 will say that i nave endeavored to present this matter in a fair light be fore the Senate. If I had said less, Sir, I feel that I should not have discharged my duty. Hoping the Senate will see it in its true light, I shall content myself with its fate. A Tailor whipped by two Young Ladies. Misses Jane Meginnes and Harriet Beamenhave, both con ceived an attachment for a Mr. James Bradley, a 'merchant tailor, who repairs sailors' and woodsaw yers' pantaloons at his 1 establishment' in Water st. Misses Jane and Harriet, being tail, .esses by trade, work for Mr. Bradley and each young lady, in the expectation of becoming Mrs. Bradley, consents to have her wages cut down some twenty per cent, every week to meet the views of Mr. Bradley, who by thiseconomical contrivance proposed to saveenough to begin house-keeping. Bradley plays a delicate game with the two damsels, making each believe that she is the object of his choice, and giving each in turn to understand that he is only humming the other with his attentions and civilities. It so happened that Miss Harriet came to Bradley's shop, on Saturday, to deliver several vests she had made for him ; and, unluckily, at the same time. Miss Jane brought in two or three pair of pants on which she had been em ployed through the week. The position of Bred ley in the presence of both rival ladies was embarrassing; he was not equal to the emergency ; the sharp-sighted girls began to suspect his double dealing, and botn opened on him at once with a deafening and stupifying clamor. The astound- en Bradley, for some time, had nothing to say for himself, but sat on his shop-board, a cross-legged pic- ture of guilty, perplexity, staring first at one of his enraged accusers and then at the other. At last he screwed bis courage to the sticking point, and came out with the following declaration and proposition: Gals, don't be fractious; I love you both, that is a fact, I'll marry you both, if you say so let me be , hanged for it half an hour afterwards. If yuu don't ; ,je that notion you must hght it out between you, i an(1 whichever whips, wins me. I shan't bud?efrom this board while you are settling it, and I shan't hurra j (or one more than t'other. 1 hat's as lair j thing as I can so just roll up your sleeves and uo at it as A better idea occurred to the young ladies. Instead 0r fWhtiner with each other for such a nrize as Rradlev. Philadelphia Messenger and Gleaner.- A Question Answered. Maj. Noah, a learned tians. Would the Jews believe in his spiritual and temporal Alessiaship: if he should again appear on earth!" . - W " He would, we think, be less welcome to the Christians than to the Jews. He could not, we think, recognize the reformed religion carried out in his name. He who preached against pride, ostentation and arro gance who was the friend of the poor and rebuked tliA rifh nnrl arnrAiv-minAA ial. nmnhaA I r.AAA I uii earm aim goon win 10 men wno oraainea ooe i dience to the laws and submission to rulers would l I I III . I I I . not brook the desecration to the pulpit, occupied by tn ka n. i .. . . ... . to he who ought in my name to carry out my prin ciples, but who do not who consider that there are many of my orders, directions and doctrines which thev cannot carrv out. alledWnr that thev do not nn i-' . . .L . - r. ,. - .7 r- form lo the spirit of the ase." He would find his own people as he left them two thousand years ago with one faith and one God, but the church which he established he would find divided into numerous sects, one arrayed against the other, preaching all J kinds of doctrines, and understanding better what he i meant to establish than he did himself. The question is not, " How would the Jews receive him ! " but How would he be received by those professing to be Christians " This is not the age for such a visi tation !" Immense Trees. The Roabab of Senegal, (Ad ansmiadig ilata,) the Bald Cypress of Oa'xaca, Tex odeum distichum,) and the famous chestnut of Etna, have been often cited as the giants of the vegetable kingdom. But these sovereigns are dethroned, ana I put into the second rank by those lately discovered in T,.a..: ...U:UM L I t-V A . . T.m,;. ...u:i.m l i- i .7 ' . . asmania, which leave tar behind them those anti mon.unents of nature. Last week I went to see til a twn Inrrrpst tr&em nviatinrr tn tho uIrl Beth of them are on the border of a small stream tributary to the river of North West Bay, in the rear of Mount Wellington. They are of the species named there Swamp Gum; I and my companions (five of us) measured them. One of them had fallen; we there fore easily obtained its dimensions. We found its body two hundred feet from the ground to the branch. rrf a L rr . . ine top naa DroKen on ana partly decayed, but we ascertained the entire height of the tree to have been certainly three hundred feet. We found the diame ter of the base of it to be thirty feet, and at the first branch twelve feet.. Its weight we estimated to be four hundred and forty tons. The other tree, now growing, without the least sign of decay, resembles an immense tower rising among the humble sassa fras trees, although very large in fact. The Gum tree at three feet above the ground measured one hundred and two feet in circumference. In the space of a square mile, I think there were not less than one hundred of these trees, none less than forty feet in circumference. It must require several thousand years to produce the largest. Revue Borlicole. TK?IPERNCE IN ItJJKou. A bill has passed the Illinois House of Representatives which prohibits the sale of intoxicating liquors in quantities less than one quart, unless sold by druggists and physicians, in good faith, for mechanical, medicinal, or sacramental pnrposes. If sold to an adult, the fine is 25 for ev ery breach of the law, and if to a minor under the are of eighteen years, the penalty is not less than $30, nor more than 100. The act also repeals all former laws upon the subject, and completely destroys the license system. Action is yet to be taken on the sub ject in the Senate. . Hon Thomas L. Harris, a member of the present Congress, from Illinois, has written a canstic reply to some of his constituents, who forwarJed to him a petition for the repeal of the fugitive slave law. He replies, that he is also troubled with " conscientious " scruples, which forbid him to be instrumental in the disturbence of the-compromise questions; and as his and their consciences" conflict, they must look up soma other agent. It is a manly letter, and a merited rebuke of the agitators. . ?- THE LOCUSTS, J they will appear in Ballirnort and, all the country from Qermantown, Pa., to the Patapseo river in Ma ryland, and from the Delaware river to the Slue Ridge, in May. 1851. , . ," . , Br doctor oidsow b. smith, f -'- In the whole range of natural history there is noth ing more strange than the fact which has been es tablished with as much certainty as any fact ia as tronomy ever was that a little insect not as large as the smallest ant shall pass into the ground and re main there seventeen years, and then emerge in the form of a comparatively large insect; or, that a cer tain tribe of insects shall appear here in immense numbers numbers almost equal to those of the sands on the sea shore exactly once in seventeen years, always in the same month, almost on the same day and same hour. It is indeed wonderful, but is nev ertheless true. ' Another fact, equally strange, is thai there are numerous tribes of these insects. I have the particulars of twenty-eight districts of the Uni ted States, in .each of which these insects appear every seventeen years, bat each district has a differ ent year for their appearance from that of any neigh boring district. For example, the locusts appeared about Richmond and east of the Blue Ridge in Vir ginia, in 1843 and will appear again in 1861. So it is over the United States south of latitude 44 deg. north oi which I have not yet heard of their appear ance. That they appear throughout the west 1 bave no doubt, as far as the shores of the Pacific I have the fact of their appearance at Independence, the western limit of Missouri. In some one part of the American territory, they appear no doubt every year ; that is, they appear some where every year. I have only been able to get au thentic accounts of their appearance in fourteen out of the seventeen years. . The other three years they appear in the western wilds, without doubt. But that the progeny of the same insects that appeared here in 1831 will appear here again in 1851, there is no doubt. They do not pass from one district..to another, but remain in their own district. Though they can flu, their flight is very short ; from tree to tree, some fifty or a hundred yards is about as far as they usually attempt to fly. Very high winds fre quently drive them to a considerable distance, even over rivers. Rivers and mountains are generally boundaries of their districts. Though they will go pretty well up to the sides of the mountains, they rarely if ever reach the top, or go over it; and they cannot fly over a river the eighth of a mile wide. Sill, the whole country, now occupied only in seventeen years, will in the course of time be visited by them every year, in consequence of themingling of the districts by the winds from one to another. As be fore stated, there are now several places where the insects of neighboring districts have commingled, causing their appearance every eight and nine years alternately, &c. Who knows but that other insects require also a number of years for their existence, though they now appear to be annual! The proge ny of one that appeared several years ago coming up this year; and those of another that appeared a year after coming np next year, and so on. The habits of the locusts are as follows : By shav ing off an inch of the soil, from the 1st to the 10th of April, or any time before the 20th of May, in any place where trees &c, grew in 1834, you will open the chambers ot the locusts. They look like half inch auger holes. Dig down, and you will find one locust in the hole. This hole or chamber is a place wherein he prepares himself for his final appearance in the perfect, state. During night, and in cold or wet weather, he is at the bottom of the hole, 8 to 13 inches deep ; in the middle of the day he is at the top, evidently preparing to slough the shell or skin. The walls and top of the chamber are made water proof by a peculiar viscid humor. About the 20th of. May, a day or two earlier or later, according to the weather, they will begin to leave the ground. You will see their old shell ad herring to the baik of a tree or shrub. But few will be found the first day, more the second, and so on, increasing in numbers till about the 27th of May, when the greatest numbers will appear, and then in less numbers thereafter till about the 5th of June, when no more will leave the earth. When they come up from the earth always about day light or a little before they immediately climb the first object they meet with, a tree, or bush, or stake, any thing, two or three feet. They then lay hold of the bark, fixing themselves firmly by their claws, and commence working themselves out of their 'old shell, which is done by rupturing it on the back, between the shoulders, and drawing themselves out. As soon as they get fairly out they seize hold of the old shell with their claws, raise themselves, and be gin to expand their wings. Their bodies and wings at this time are exceedingly delicate, white and moist; but a few minutes exposure to the air dries ajid hardens ihein, so that by the time the sun is fairly risen, they are perfect, and can fly. The wings be- j fore sloughing are beautifully folded op, and it is a beautiful sight to see them untolded, and in a tew minutes changed from the most soft and delicate tis sue, to the firm and rugged wing of the perfect in sect. If it be a wet or very cloudy day, they are very apt to perish in the operation of sloughing and drying. About the 15th of June they commence depositing their eggs. This is a very interesting sight. You will see one attached to a limb or 'twig, and it will not By away as you approch. Look closely, and you will see it excavating a hole in the limb with its curious ovipositor. Watch it closely, and as soon as it has inserted the ovipositor completely into the limb, take hold of the insect and gently but quickly draw it forward, and apply the point of the oviposi tor to the palm of the other hand, when you will see two eggs ejected into your hand in quick succession. They deposit two eggs at each insertion of the ovi positor, and generally five to ten pairs in each place on the limb. She then croes to other places on the same limb, or to some other limb, and repeats the operation, till she has laid obout400 essa. Theeo-r3 are white, or pearl color, about the l'ith of an inch long, and about one 6th as thick as they are. long. It is this operation that destroys the small limbs the excavations cutting off the sap vessels. The time of depositing the eggs continues till about the 20lh of June, when they cease. From the 1st to 20th June, all shrubbery of value should be protected, either by carefully covering it with cheap gauze, or in the case of pot plants, by keeping them in the house. About the 25th of July the eggs will be ready to hatch. Then take a Jimb containing them, cut care fully till yon expose the eggs, and take them out, place them in the palm of the hand, and they will hatch in a few minutes. The little insect frees itself from the egg shell precisely in the same way that the large one did in the spring, by rupturing the shell on his back. As soon as be is fairly out of the shell he starts off briskly in search of food. Let him get to the ground and you will see . him work his way into it ; follow him, and you will see him attach him self to the tender roots of grass or other vegetables, and commence taking op the liquid exudation from the surface with his little restrum or snout. These observations can only be made with a good magnify ing glass. About the 25th f June the old locusts will have disappeared altogether. The locust8do not go deep into the ground. They live upon the vegetable juices of the roots near the surface, which they take with their snouts or ros trum. There are three small hairs in the snout. which, in feeding, are projected and spread out over the surface of the roots or leaves of trees, and these collect the juice and convey it by capillary attraction to the stomach. You can see this operation very dis tinctly in the perfect insect, by watching it with a magnifying glass. They have no other mouth or means of taking food either in the ' larva or winded state. French's Railroad. A large number of persons attended a trial of the experimental railroad of Mr. French, near Richmond, on Saturday last. It will be recollected that the Legislature at its last session made an appropriation of $10, 000 to enable Mr. French to test his invention, which consists in so constructing the locomotive and rails of a railroad as to render the ascent of very heavy grades comparatively easy. If succestul, the new invention must work a evolution in the railroad system'.' On the present odcasion the grade used was, we learn, upwards of two hundred feet to the mile, and the locomotive ascended it with ease, being stopped at pleasure. The experiment ap peared to be eminently successful, and gave great sat isfaction to a number of scientific gentlemen and oth ers who were present. Further tests will be applied in order fully to elucidate the merits of the plan.. , The subject is eminently worthy of the attention, of all the frienls of internal improvements. ... I - j Alese. Gazette. AiTArkansas Politician. During the memorable hard cider compaign oC 1840, politics rati high in Washington countyJLrkansas. vThe field was fall of candidates for the legislature, and amongst the rest, the unfortunate writer of this article, who was most deliciously and ealtervxtmpoasly slaughtered. But the rarest specimen was a sandidate familiarly known by the eobHuquei of Black Jack ; one who scorned all knowledge or those hieroglyphics,' that rendered the nameof Cadmus immortal. Large meet ings were held, and the candidates harangued the sov reigns on the state of the Union. Upon one occasion,' when the excitement' was at the highest point, almost every voter in the county attended the meeting;; ' Three lawyers and a preacher opened the service, and spoke in succession. Matty Van Buren, with all his red fox cunning was depicted in the most vivid colors. Swartwout, Price and a thousand leg treasurers, running off with millions of the money ot ibe people, were drawn to tne lire. air. Poinsett's standing army was painted in colors truly horrific. The yells of the Florida blood hounds were made to ring in the years of the audience, and tears were made to flow at he dying shrieks of the poor Indians torn to pieces by them. . On the other hand, Gen. Harrison was exhibited with the black cockade of federalism in his hat. The deepest sympathy was excited in behalf of the "poor white man sola tor debt, under the law approvea Dy him. while Governor of Indiana. The old veteran of the revolution sorae hero who lost an arm at Bunk' erts Hill, a leg at Saratoga, or received a lasting wound at Yorktown, was brought up, tried and convicted un der the operation of that law, for knocking down the son of some old tory, with his crotch, tor having called him a tory. Unable to pay his fine, he was sold to the highest bidder ; purchased by a heartless master and treated with every indignity. His proud spirit rebelled the blood that rose against the crown' of Great Britain, was aroused against the petty tyranny of his master. For an act of resentment in breach of the law, he was again tried, convicted, and publicly whipped by the sheriff. Appeals more powerfully piercing than " the wing ed lightning that rends the gnarled oak," were made to captivate the voters, and enlist them in the support of the various speakers, and their respective political parties. . At length it came to the turn of Black Jack to speak. Me rose wun nre in eacn eye ana papers in eacn hand:" Feller-Citizens : Yon cannot expect for me to de tain von, with a great speech like them big lawyers and that high larnt preacher. I don't pretend to eny sich thing, for I warnt born in the fundiment of a college. No, gentlemen, I'm a plain farmer, like you all. I was born and fotched up in Arkansaw, when they did'nt bave no schools. Yes, I war here when the first man cum, I war here before the cane begun to grow and staid till 'twar eat out. Befors twenty years had kissed my infant cheeks I was here. I'm an old settler ! An old cane breaker! and, gentle man, when 1 hrst cum here, lawyers want . nere to be making their big speeches. No, nothing was then heard but the yelling Injun, the lowing buffalo. the screaming painter, the howling wolf, the hooting owl and the whistlinsr possum. . Gentlemen, there's many things the next legislatur orter to do, but 1 haint got time to talk 'bout em. They say my politics is doubtful ; that I'm a strad die of the fence. Yes, this charge is made by some pestihgerous lawyer canmdate to beat me tor the legi latur bat he can't nigh cum it. I'm one of the boys, a plain farmer, jist the man for the people of old Washington to send to Little Rock, to make plain laws for them, and not these lawyers who want laws passed to make law suits a plenty. " Go it Black Jack ! Give it to 'em !" Shouts the crowd. My politics doubtful ! Me a-straddle of the fence ! No, gentlemen, I'm not on the fence, I' not the man. "Who are you for, for President i" demands a voice. I'll answer the gentleman, I want every body to know who I'm for. As for general Harrisson, they say he's a granny, and sells poor white men for debt. Now I'm a poor white man ; most of you feller citizens are poor white men if we make him president he mout sell us for debt. But as for Martin Van Burin he's no more fit to be president of these United States than than than spite o'h I. I'm a Jackson man, and agin Henry clay. VYhar wer Henry Clay, when Mineral Jackson war. whipping the British at New Orleans, np to his waist in water, sleeping on tree tops and . eating aeons 1 He war snoozing on the downy beds or Kentucky, or playin poker with the crowned heads of Europe, a thousand dollars ante and narry pair. And whar war I gentlemen ? In the hills of Ar kansaw, slewing of the bear ! Jack closed amidst the most tremendous and deaf ening applause. ; " Hurra for Black Jack." " He'll give 'em h 1 O! he's got them lawyers down! Go it my Blackjack!" And go it, he did. " With head erect, and tail curled, eye balls glaring, nose distorted, and sides distended," he charged into the legislature "with ease and elegance," two hundred votes ahead of any other candidate; and then ve came to Texas. Austin Texas') Stale Gazette. Composition of the Massachusetts Legisla ture. The fact that " it takes all sorts of folks to make a world " never was more evident (says the Boston Courier) than in the case of the present Gen eral Court of Massachusetts, which, although con sisting of only two Houses and three political parties, yet comprises no less than sixty-one different trades, occupants, and callings. We find them set forth in the following manner in Poole's Statistical View of the Executive and Legislative Departments of the Government of Massachusetts for 1851, just pub lished : ' Farmers, 142 ; lawyers, 46 ; merchants and traders, 52 ; manufacturers, 28 ; boot and shoe manufacturers, 26 ; physicians, 15 ; editors and printers, 11 ; clergy men, 11 ; house-wrights, 11 ; master mariners, 11 ; machinists, 5; masons, 5; lumber and coal dealers, 5 ; painters, 4 ; mechanics, inn-holders, provision dealers, teachers, 3 each; morocco dressers, hat man ufacturers, civil engineers, druggists, leather dealers, marble-workers, stonecutters, deputy sheriffs, clerks, agents, 2 each ; auctioneer, artist,banker, baker, boot dealer, bookseller, book keeper, blacksmith, cabinet maker, car-maker, card manufacturer, engraver, gen tleman, grain dealer, miller, millwright, museum, pump and block maker, palm-leaf, &c, plough maker, postmaster, philosophical instrument maker, real estate broker, railroading, town collector, tailor, tobacconist treasurer,station master.shipwriglit, stone ware, watch es, &c, whip maker, 1 each. Members.born in Mas sachusetts, 351 ; New Hampshire, 29 ; Connecticut, 19 ; Vermont, 11 ; Maine, 10 ; Rhode Island, 7; New York, 2 ; South Carolina, 1 ; Delaware, 1 ; Virginia, 1 ; Maryland, 1 ; England, 2 ; Scotland, 1. Total, 436. How Coal should, be Consumed. Notwith standing the general use of anthracite coal in fami lies, few persons know exactly how to use it proper ly. The business is usually entrusted to servants, and as their experience has taught them the more wood the more fire they throw on the coal on the same principle, expecting the same results. This practice, however, destroys the draught necessary to consume the coal, and the consequence is that theq sulphurous gases, instead ot being consumed, are dispersed through the rooms of the house, to the in jury of health, and frequently the spoiling of the food in the process of cooking. No stove should ever contain, on a fair average, a greater layer than four inches of coal less in a majority of cases will an swer. A beautiful red heat is then generated, the coal parts with all its inflammable elements, and de posits its earthy matter in fine particles in the receiv er. Try the experiment and see the results. An thracite would be the only fuel used for domestic purposes in every family, if the proper mode of ma king a coal fire was more generally understood. Philad. Ledger. Professor Agassiz, the great naturalist, arrived at Key West on the steamer of the 17th. He isattached to the Coast Survey nominally, we understand. His object is to make an investigation of the Florida reefs and keys, a subject of great interest to the scientific and commercial world.. These keys and reefs are continually increasing in number and size. The cause of their formation and their destiny, the keys, having as yet jgut emerged 'from the water, and the reefs being placed along the edge of the Gulf Stream, the great commercial highway to the Golf of Mexico, are matters to awaken the attention both of the the orecticnl and practical inquirer.. - The faisrh reputation of the Professor leads to the expectation that his .la bors, will give, light and. knowledge upon this vet comparatively iintrod field) of science. .. .. ... '- v . '-x.'. : Reported for the Baltimore Sun-3 " ?m, f-. CONGRESS. K ' ; ' K - Washington, Feb. 11, 1851. . Senate. Mr. Douglas presented the petition of the Mayor, Board of Aldermen, and Board of Com mon (Jonncil of Washington tJity. in favor ot the scheme of mail steamers to-Africa as a means of for warding the colonization of free negroes. The peti tion sets forth, that out of a population of 40,000 there were 8,000 free negroes. Mr. Sroule moved, and 2,000 additional copies ot a report by Mr. Ellet, on the deepening, of the. month ot the Mississippi, were ordered to be pm ted. Mr. Seward submitted a resolution, which was agreed to, directing an inquiry into the expediencyof reducing the standard or fractional stiver coin. On motion by Mr. Mason, the vote by which the Senate rejected the bill tor the relief of the captors of the frigate Philadelphia, was reconsidered, and then the bill was laid on the table. j The deficiency bill was then taken np and passed. - The bill granting ten millions of acres of public land to the several States of the Union, according to their geographical area and representation under the census of 1850, for the benefit of the indigent insane, was taken up and debated. Mr Gwin moved that it be laid on the table as a test vote. Lost, yeas 17, nays 33. The bill was further debated, and after some im material amendments, was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading. Adjourned. House or Representatives. The bill to establish a Board of Accounts was the first business in order this morning. The amendments reported yesterday were this morning rejected. A motion to lay the bill on the table was negatived ayes 95, noes 99. The question on the third reading of the bill was then taken and negatived ayes 90, noes 107. A motion to reconsider was carried, 102 to 94. A motion was again made to lay the bill on the table. Tellers were ordered, and the numbers stood 94 in the affirmative and 80 in the negative. The ayes and nays were therefore ordered ; the Speaker's hammer enforced order; the names were again called over, and the members voting in the af firmative were 100, negative 96. The usual motion was then made to reconsider the bill, and to lay the motion on the table, which was carried without a division, and the bill is "no where, after a protracted and obstinate contest between its agvocates and opponents', which has not been equal led since the passage of the Compromise law. Ad journed. Congressional. In the Senate, yesterday, Mr. Hunter offered a resolution, which was adopted, call ing for the correspondence between the government of the United States aqd the minister from Mexico, rel ative to the drafts upon the United States treasury for an instalment of the Mexican indemnity, in con formity with a contract entered into between the Mex ican government and Mr. Marks. Mr. Davis, of Mississippi, offered a resolution, whichjwas adopted, calling upon the President for information relative to the imposition of taxes upon citizens of the United States passing across the isthmus of Panama, by the government of New Granada, and also for information relative to the United States mail service on said isthmus. Mr. Gwin offered a resolution, which was adopted, for an inquiry by the Committee on Com merce into the expediency of abolishing tb.3 duty on flour imported from any port on the Pacific into any port of the united states. Mr. uwm also onered a resolution, which was adopted, for an inqniry into the expediency of preventing the filling up of the harbor of San Diego, by turning the San Diege river into False bay. Mr. Bell offered a resolution, which was adopted, for an inquiry into the expedience of al ter inz the machinery of the United States steamer Al leghany, so as to test the merits or demerits of a sub merged wheel as a mode of propulsion. Mr. Badger submitted a resolution, which lies over, for changing the hour of meeting Of the Senate to 11 o'clock. Mr. Bright introduced a bill for the amendment of the fugitive-slave act of the last session, by providing that it shall not interfere with any prosecutions under the fugitive act of 1794 ; which was referred. The bill providing for the distribution of the Annals of the United States, subscribed to by Congress, was considered and passed, the senate took up the de ficiency bill, and amendments to the same, reported from the committee, were considered. - In the House, Mr. Howard submitted a resolution respecting the payment of per diem compensation due to the widow of the late Mr. Kaufman. Mr. Bayly reported from the Committee of Ways and Means the fortification bill and the civil and diplo matic bill ; which were committed. Mr. Bayly moved to suspend the rules to enable him to move that the general appropriation bills be made the special order for a day certain ; which was disagreed to. The bill establishing a board ot accounts was further consid ered and discussed. A motion to lay it on the table was lost. The House adjourned .without disposiug of the bill. Union of Wednesday las!. FUGITIVE SLAVE. Mabala, the fugitive slave claimed to have escaped from Maryland 24 years since, has been released by Judge Kane, at Philadelphia. Three witnesses were called for the claimant, and all testified to their belief in the identity of the woman as the slave of Mr. Pur nell, who had ran away 24 years previous. Several colored witnesses, however, testified positively that they had know her in Pennsylvania pre7ious to tha time she was alleged to have absconded. Their knowledge of her had continued, with slightjintervals down to the present time. They testified to these statements with great positiveness. One of the wit nesses said that she had played with the alleged slave when a child, and that both had a scar on the forehead, which they used to laugh at each other about. This was found to be the case upon an ex amination of the forehead of each. The judge then went over the evidence at length. He spoke of the great difficulty of identifying a per son after twenty-four years lapse of time, and noticed the opinions of physiologists on 'the subject. He said that the witnesses for the defence aided this doubt, and made the fact overwhelmingly clear that the prisoner was not the person claimed. The wit nesses, the Judge remarked, were intelligent, and their evidence conclusively proved that, at the time the slave Mahala was in Maryland, the prisoner was in Pennsylvania. There could be no question but that the weight of the evidence preponderated in favor of the prisoner. She was therefore discharged. She was then taken possession of by a crowd of negroes, who paraded her through the city in an open barouche, with her five children, drawing it by a rope, with great cheering. There was no attempt on the part of the police to check the proceedings not even when they stopped at the hotel of Mr. Burnell to groan him. Teeth Set on Edge. All acid foods, drinks, medicines, and tooth washes, and powders are very injurious to teeth. If a tooth is put in cider, vinegar, lemon juice or tartaric acid, in a few hours the enamel will be completely destroyed, so that it can be re moved by the finger nail as if it were chalk. Most have experienced what is commonly called teeth set on edge. The explanation of it is the acid of the fruit that has beeq eaten has so far softened the enamel of the tooth, that the least pressure is felt by the ex ceedingly small nerves which pervade the thin mem brane which connects the enamel and the bony part of the tooth. Such an effect cannot be produced without injuring the enamel. True, it will become hard again when the acid has been removed by the fluids of the mouth, just as an. egg-shell that has been softened in this way, becomes hard again, by being put in the water. When the effect of sour fruit on the teeth, subsides, they feel as well as ever, but they are not as well. And the oftener it is repeat ed, the sooner the disastrous consequences will be manifested. . Scientific American. Ancient Prices of Labor. In the year 1352, Ed ward III, wages paid to haymakers were Id. a day. A mower of meadows 3d. a day, or 5d. an acre. Reap ers of corn in the 1st week in August, 2d.; in the 2nd, 3d. a day! and so on until the end of August, without meat, drink, or other allowance, finding their own tools. For threshing a quarter of wheat or rye, 2id ; a quarter of barley, beans, peas and oats, lid. A master carpenter, 3d. a day, and other carpenters 2d. . A master mason, 4d. a day. and other masons, 3d., and their servants, lid. Tilers, 3d. and their knaves, id. Thatchers, 3d. a day, and their knaves. Ii. Plasterers, and other workmen of mnd wall. and their knaves in like manner, without mnat nr drink," and this from Easter to Mick eel mas. and from that time less, according the directions of the jos- ... REMARKS OF GEN. sAUNDrr ' '-..r- - . a. or Wake, ".. ' Delivered in the House of Cotnirions, on the bill : eorporatinj the Raleigh arid Gaston Rail Company. ; O,oai Mr. Saunders said, as he could not concur ;,k the Committee of conference in their recommend tion that the i House should recede from its amend ment and adopt that now proposed by the Senai." he must take the liberty of stating the; character r the proposition, and what, as he honestly believed would be its effect. At would be recollected that Ui bill, as it originall r came from the Senate, proposed to create a new Company, with a capital of 800 000 dollars, for the reconstruction of the Raleigh and Gaston Rail Road the States property in theioad i0 be estimated at one half and the other half of $400. 000 to be subscribed by the old Stockholders and i! ligors ; and should they fail thus to subscribe, the road to be sold at not less than 500,000 dollars s and if that could not be had, then the Road was tl ub Bumiuuucu. r rum every iniormation Which he could obtain, Mr. S. said be felt well satisfied neith er of these terras would succeed, and the State wouli in the end sustain great loss in the sale of this valu. able property. The House would recollect we ha not brought about this state of things. He, Mr. $ like others in this House, was neither a stockholder nor ever bad any thing to do with the Road. It had cost the old stockholders $700,000 for which they had nothing to show, and the State had paid or was bound to pay 800,000 dollars, and for which she had ihe Road, worth nothing without a further expediture of 400,000 dollars. As to selling the Road for the unj asked, he thought, no Company could be found ta give that sum and then' expend what was necessarv to put Jt in repair, which would 'make it cost the purcbasers.900,000 dollars. What then was best to' be done I He, Mr. S. thought it best at once to make such a proposition as would most certainly succeed and have the Road put in good order ; by which the public would be benefitted and the State have that which would afford them a property which would yield from 5 to 8 per cent profit. He had, therefore proposed his amendment : That if the old Stockhold ers and obligors would subscribe the 400,000 dollars within six months, commence the Road within twelve months and finish it within three years bv paying and exf ending the $400,000.so as to pu'tthe Road in good and complete order with heavy T iron they should have one half of the Road and be forever discharged from their liabilities. A majority of the House agreed to this, but the Senate refused to con cur. ( And what is it that the Senate now proposes ' If the1 old Stockholders will subscribe the $400,000 they shall have one half of the Road ; provided they shall pay the State the difference between $363,000 the sum which the State gave for the Road, and the $500,000, for which she holds their bonds with in terest for five years, making $ 178,000. Such, said Mr. h. was the Senate's proposition. He would not say this was trifling with the House, but how anyone could suppose such a proposal would be taken was more than he could imagine. Why did he say tiiis? Because the last Legislature had offered to ilie old Stockholders and obligors to give them haif of the Road and a general release, if they would subscribe $500,000, and expend the whole of that sum on the Road. Under that law you did not get one dollar subscribed. It was evident from that the obligors did not consider the release as worth $100,COO, and now the Senate asks for it $178,000, besides' the $400,000 for half of the Road. Mr. S. said those who made this offer cannot ex pect or desire the proposition to succeed. He tboucrht that he had demonstrated that it could not. W hat would be the result? The Road would neither be rebuilt nor sold, but two years hence the Legislature would be forced to bring it into market, and it would then be sacrificed. And, said, Mr. S., this is not the only bad result: it will prove a fatal blow to all fu ture Rail Road improvements. The opponents of the North Carolina Rail Road the friends of ihe Vimi nia and Danville Road are all looking to the result of this measure as deciding for the present, if not for ever, the Rail Road system in this State. Why did he say this I A few facts would answer: There turns show that of- the amount subscribed to the North Carolina Rail Road, upwards of $ 150,000 were taken in Wake, Franklin, and Granville, and $320,000 in Petersburg, upon the direct alculation and assurance that the success of that preat work would lead to the certain reconstruction of the Gaston Road. The latter being given up, these subscribers would at once insist on the abandoument of the North Carolina Road, and they would find others willing to unite with them in surrendering the charter. That such would be the result, he, Mr. S., entertained nut a 'particle of doubt. Cut off this connecting link with the North, and your great Central Road. 7f con structed, might be a freight Road, but not one of tra vel ; but he had no hopes of its success, should the Senate's proposition prevail. And, said Mr. S.. your labors, Mr. Speaker my labors, for the last twelve months would be at an end, and all our bright hopes for our native State would be blasted forever. Ha did not say this to intimidate he was incaDable of such a thinor. He was in no humor for such a thin His heart sunk within him at the DrosDect ahead his native State doomed forever to stand at the bot tom of the list, in the efforts now making by her sis ter States to pise themselves to prosperity and erreat- ness. Hiotorv tells us. said Mr. S.. who burnt the famous temple "c Diana, on the mit in which the great Alexander Was born, in order to transmit his fame to posterity ; and as he, Mr. S, did not court this Ephesian tame, he must protest most solemnly protest against a measure so mischie vous in its consequences so fatal to th honor. character, and every thing dear to every true lover of the State's future greatness. He flattered himself the House would refuse to concur in the amendment of the Senate, but that they would insist upon that of their own. A Powerful Microscope. B. Hasert, Optical and Astronomical instrument maker in Cincinnati, Ohio, has just completed a compound microscope whicn he designs exhiting, in person, at the World's Fair. The manufacturer claims that its magnifying power surpasses that of any . other instrument ever made in this or any other country. Its highest ca pacity being lo magnify any object to six thousand diameters, which makes a superficial surface of thirty-six millions. We examined some minute pani cles of dust, or secondary scales, from the wing of a butterfly. These have been seen with microscopes, the lines running parallel with the sides of the dust par ticles, both longitudinally, downwardly and trans versely. This is all that has heretofore been obser ved. This microscope, however, shows that on these longitudinal lines of the dust of the butterfly, and be tween them, there are arranged a number of little scales, similar to the scales of a fish. Between each pair of lines' are to' be seen from five to six rows of these little seales. For instance, the dust particle from the back of a spinx, measuring the one-fifth of an inch in length, and one two hundreths in breatb, discovers one hundred and four longitudisal lines. The number of scales between each pair of linen in width is six making the number of scales six hun dred and twenty-four over the whole width, and the number of scales longitudinally and downwards, twenty-two hundred; which makes the entire num ber of scales on the dust particle equal to fourteen thousand millions to the square inch. On another very minute particle from the wing of tenia, measuring only one-five hndredtbs of an inch in length, and one thousanth of an inch in breadthi , the number of scales are found to be eibty-four ; ... , imuiuct 01 lurij-i"" thousand million to the square inch. A very interesting examination waa also made of minute particle of the human blood, which exhibit the fact that the blood is composed of minute glob ule, which roll through the veins like shot or quick silver. An examination of a drop of stagnant water disclosed numberless animalcules, which dart about with wonderful rapidity. An examination of the common flea shows a, striking resemblance to th elephant in its conformation. Many other observa tions of an equally interesting character were made, which we have not the space to record. , , Cincinnati GazetUx Recognition or Liberia. A writer in the Nation1 Intelligencer, states that a delegation from the Amer ican Colonizatien Society has waited on Hon. Dnie Webster, enforcing upon him the propriety of o government recognizing that of the Republic of beria. M,r. Webster spoke encouragingly to tjhf on the subject, and referred them to President Fill more, who also encouraged them. This black Rep"" lie is said to be prospering.