1
I
-I
SPEECH OF MR. WILLIAM HILL,
. . or Niw Hanover,
On introducing a Resolution directing the Adjutant
General to hate published the Muster Rolls or the
Soldiers of the war of 1812, and to send one copy
to the County Court Clerk of each County in the
State) , . '
Ma. Speaker : I desire to say a few words in ex
planation and in support of the resolution which 1
have just offered, as it may not be understood by
many members of the House. ,
Concrress, on the 28th of September 1850, passed
& law granting a tBounty of laudato those who bad
' served in the war of 1812 and certain other wars.
The execution of tins law devolved upon we oeuie-
tary of the Depaitment of the Interior, and he witfi
n.BnHahle seal, in October 3d, not one week af-
.u ..o.a.r nf thn law. issued a circular in which
he stated that "the President esteemed it no less a
privilege than a duty to adopt all the means in his
power to give prompt and efficient operation to this
beneficent measure," and that he should cause to be
published the necessary forms and instructions to
guide claimants at the earliest practicable moment.
In publishiug this circular, the Washington Re
public says 44 these forms will with the military roll
be deposited in the Clerk's office of every County. "
The forms and instructions have been publishe d and
forwarded, but the third Auditor has contradicted the
statement as to the publication of the rolls. That
which so far as relates to her own volunteers it is
proposed by this resolution that North Carolina
should do, and that Which I am most anxious to see
done, as it will 6ecure, facilitate and cheapen to the
patriots of 1812, their widows or children, ihe obtain
ment of the tardy bounty of their country.
The war of 1812 was waged for free trade and
sailor's rights it was brought on by the earnest re
monstrances and complaints of the New England
States, whose trade England so seriously interrupted.
After the war was declared throughout New England
aid and comfort was extended to our enemies, not
merely by newspaper articles. Speeches, Hartford
Conventions, &c, but by burning blue lights on the
coast as signals and by other overt acts of treason.
North Carolina as little interested probably as any
other State in the carrying trade, presented a glorious
contrast to New England.
In December 11th, 1811, the General Assembly
passed resolutions approving the course of the govern
ment in its preparations and recommendations of war.
We read in Nile's Register of the same date with
the declaration of war, a letter from a company or
awed men of over 60 years of age volunteering under
the title of " Silver Locks" a second time lo bear
arms under the flag of their country. The tone ot
this highly patriotic letter recalls the spirit of past
centuries when love of country was the chief virtue
and nationality absorbed all oilier sentiments. I con
gratulate the gentleman from Rowan on this evidence
of the patriotiom of his people these u remnants of
patriotism" as they are calleil in the papers of that
day. I congratulate North Carolina that the conduct
of her sons'should 511 so honorable a paragraph in
the history of ihe times.
The Legislature in 1H14 passed a resolution disap
proving the course of David Stone in opposing the j
war. in ronspnnence of which he resigned. At a la- j
ter period of the same session the following resolu
tion preceded by some patriotic remarks was introdu
ced by Mr. Porter of Rutherford, and passed unani
mously: Resolved, That the most efficient measures be
adopted by this General Assembly to aid the general
government in a vigorous prosecution of the war
against Great Britain and her allies. -
It is to such men and the descendants of such men
that I desire to secure the benefits of this law. North
Carolinians, among the first and most active in the
field, should not be the last to receive the evidences
of their country's gratitude and affection.
Two requisitions were made upon North Carolina,
of 7000 men each; so that there are now fourteen
thousand of our fellow citizens directly or indirectly
concerned in the bounty land law.
The muster rolls will furnish the applicant with
nearly all the facts required by the forms and instruc
tions. Most of the rank and file were men taken from
the humble walks of life, and without the assistance
of the rolls will be unable to comply with the requi
sitions of the Department. They felt as welt and j
fought as well as the better informed, but are unable I
to retain in their (memories facts which are by this
law made indispeniable. They must abandon their
claims or go to the expense of employing an agent to
look up the same testimony which the passage ot my
resolution will place in the office ot the Cleik of the I
Pnnnttr ilnnrt nf oaK n.nm. in th Smie. i
. 'J ... - n - J ,
According to the statistics of human life, the gen-
sratinn whn wpn onrrafrcH in tho war havo nafiHud l
passed
awav. and wiih themaTl the facts of their service. !
i he widow and orphan whose happiness has
been
destroyed or prospects blighted by the patriotism of
the husband or lather, and who have been righteously
admitted to share this bounty of their country, must
be totally uninformed as to all those particulars enu
merated in the forms and instructions, ai.d will have
to resort, in the absence of the printed rolls, to an
agent or Attorney to canvass the neighborhood or
write to the Adjutant General here. No Agent or
Attorney can or will do this for a sum less than ten
dollars; and when we consider how great an oppor
tunity is afforded him for magnifying his services and
how many grasping men are engaged in the business,
the average cost of collecting the required proofs is
put low at $10. The State then at a cost of not more
than $200, can furnish to her fourteen thousand sol
diers, what can not be obtained by them individually at
not less than $140,000. I cannot believe, as I have
heard it intimated, thatany man 'ill vote against the
resolutions, because that the second one appropriates j
ior so oenencem a purpose the paltry sum ot $100.
We should be meanly niggard wiih . our pennies to
wards those who were generous in the sacrifice of
comforts and life for us, were we to do so.
But all other advantages are but secondary to that
ofaeilitaling the claimant in his application. If this
cannot be done, the law to most of them is useless.
Congress seems to be making a mighty effort to
squander the Public Lands, proposing even to give
them all away, and yearly making appropriations
which will soon leave it none to give.
At the present rate of the passage of applications
through the Department, it will be ten years before
the last applicant can get his claim acted upon; so
that it is likely before half the warrants are issued,
there will be no land upon which to locate them. If
any one is thus indirectly to be deprived of the
benefits of this law, let us take care that it be not our
constituents. Slow always to prefer their claims, we
should do something to excite them to it. If these
resolutions are passed, and public attention called to
them, nothing will hinder that within one month af
ter the publication of the rolls, every claim in our
State should be known, and nearly all forwarded to
Washington.
I desire and trust, Mr Speaker, that the General
Government may so act, that not one soldier of the
war in which the laurels of Jackson and Harrison
were won, may be defeated in his just expectations,
under the Bounty Land Law of September last; but
if disappointment must come to some, it is but natu
ral that I should desire to ward it from those of my
own State the upholders and defenders of the honor of
North Carolina, under thestars and stripes of the Union.
Reply to an Infidel. An American traveler,
being unexpectedly at the mole or quarantine of
Odessa, was very civilly offered "half of his apart
ments, and a sofa to lie on," by a young Englisman,
who acted as translator to the mole. After they had
lormed an intimate acquaintance, and one evenina
h eoeM ? Te9i' th his friend how
W hTrd there' m-k M?1' h" constant
aTln,r lh?yunST Englishman replied that,
r.; h!t -TanV -he8? thin8 were disagreeble to
htm, but as their being intrinsically wrong, it was no
t.heeVeHee,ee;rlh0Ut the remark would
be heeded except by courtesy, replied : Either Christ
nostor, we have the inconceivable phenomenon of a
hi a a man nruAltfi niy Vlrlna 1 r - . ' v
, o noi. if h
riveness of injuries, throucrh hi ,i.i' . -
-.., wi-aeiiial.'.e.harinr (n
'ial, charity, for
. """" me, in snite
te
Is
r ri"" - aa man would
take so much pains to make men good ! But if h
were not an impostor, then he has told the truth 5
we must believe him !" . , " . ?
'Is it possible that I have never seen that Ware V
was the only reply of the young Englishman ; but
the argument tank deep into his heart, and when the
traveler had arrived at Alexandria, he received a leu
ter from the former skeptic acknowledging him 44 as
the best friend he ever bad," encouraged him to be
equally faiihfol to others, and praying him not to for
get hw 44 Odessa convert" American Menenger.
It nhl nartnhinnl fi finn nnaa that i. a
c. PLANK ROADS. V-
-A the system of Plank Roads is daily grow
ing in .public favor, end as we have vast districts
of country, particularly in the" South and West',
in which any other system of improved roads is
as yet totally out of the ' question -we give the fol
lowing extract ion this subject from a report made
by George Geddes Esq., CivilEngineer, Fairmount,
Onandaga County, New York. .On targe plantations,
where water or steam power is used, and where water
is abundant, these roads would probably pay well,
even where laid down for private plantation purposes.
They would effectually doaway with the'' hub-deep "
condition nf tho mails on thn rich alluvial lands in
vuiiuiuun oi me roaus un uin nun anuria, - - . , .u-- Ju- .u,.M
.?rtJ.!it Knt not less. The kind of timber is, too.
in me laDour oi transporiaiion irom me g...
sportation
house to the landing.
" Plank roads have recently been introduced Into
this country. According to the patent ofBcereport
of January, 1843, they had their origin in Russia,
and were introduced into Canada by Lord Sydenham,
he being induced to try the experiment in consequence
of the great cost, in the first instance, of McAdami-zino-
a road, and the expense of keeping it in repair.
The first road made of plank was near Toronto.
The three miles nearest the city having been McAd
amized, the plank road commenced at that distance
from the city, and was extended some miles into the
country. The plank road lasted eight years, requir
ing during that time merely nominal repairs. The
McAdam road, in the same time required an annual
expenditure of 8 4 00-a mile in repairs ; amounting, in
three years,to $3,200 a mile,a sum more than sufficient
to replank a roar!. When the plank road required a
new covering, one half of the stone road was dug up.
and flung on top of the other half, and a track of
plank eight feet wide was laid down in the place oc
cupied by the stone. It happened that I visited
Toronto at the time the plank road was building, and
the eight feet track was being put into the stone road.
The plank first nsed weTe sixteen feet long and three
inches thick. They had worn out in the middle for
a space of about seven feet wide the ends of the
plank being entire. The middle of the road had set
tled by the weight of the teams and loads that had
passed over it. The sills were sound enough to justi
fy their nse for another covering. I saw the eight
feet track in use, and then expressed the opinion that,
as the narrow road was so much more evenly pressed
down by the loads than was the wide road, it would
I be firmer, and that iT more than one eight leet iracK
! was demanded by the travel, it would be vastly bet
' ter to lay two eight feet tracks, than one sixteen feet,
not only because they would settle more evenly, but
that the facilities for passing would be greatly in
creased. A road sixteen frpt wide, experience proved,
would be used in the middle. A wide load, going
slowly along it, rendered it very difficult for a vehicle
that was moving faster, npon overtaking the wide
load to pass it. In making my report to the com missions-rs
for the distribution of the stock of the Sali'na
and Central Square Plank'Road, at whose request I
had visited Toronto, for the purpose ot obtaining in
formation upon this subject, I proposed two eight feet
tracks for their road, and made my estimate of the
cost accordingly. A year later I again visited Toron
to, and to my surprise long planks were entirely aban
doned. The road, as it was extended into the coun
try, being made of a single eight fpet track, having a
smooth earth road to turn out npon, alongside the plank.
The result of these examinations was, that we de
termined upon making a single track npon one side
of the centre of the road, and wherever we had orli
nary earth to grade twelve feet wide upon the other
side of tho centre. Over some light sand we laid two
tracks, and in one instance, for a short distance, we
laid a sixteen feet road, owing topeculiarcircnmstan
pes ; so that we have a single plank track on one side
of theroaif, and an enrth road to tnrn out npon; and
wo have two ftacks, fonr fpet apart, of plank ; and we
have a wide plank road. The two separate tracks of
plank'arethe most perfect road, and furnish the great
est facilities for teams to pass. The eight feet track
is next in convenience, for it being on the side of the
centre of thp road that gives it to the loaded team that
is going into town, fund the loading is chiefly going
to town.) the unloaded team generally does all the
turning out, while the loaded team travels on one side
of the centre, and not in the middle of the road :
while on the sixteen feet plank the traveller inclines
to kepn the cpntre. and the alow mnvpmenta nf the
j loaded team, in turning ont, very generally drives a
flight tpam off the ends of the plank npon sidling
ground. When a team npon the single track is over
taken, it is much easier to pass it than when it is
moving a,on7 me miou.e ot me wioe tracK ; tor ine
slow - gomg team is on cue side of the centre, in the
T . 1 . I 1 v l t -1 . r .
case of the narrow road, and there
wr m me narrow roan, ano there is a twelve tpet
pann roan On inP Olni
rn"" " iu oi inn centre, lor ine ihri-
sring team to pass by upon
the widp track as convpnipnt for passing as the nar
row, is to grade an earth road, outside of the ends of
the plank, and that would add to the cost, and make
the road-bed so wide that it would be difficult to drain
it well.
It has been proposed to fastpn a scantling npon the
middle of a sixteen feet tract, leaving occasional
vacancies for teams to cross from one side to the oth
er, as a means of canning the travel to pass, npon
ends of the track. This remedy for the evils of a
wide single track, is expensive and objectionable
from the inconvenience in crossing freely at any
point.
Evpry view of the question results in "this; that
roads that are not greatly travelled reqnire but a sin
gle eight feet track, save over very 'soft ground, and
that roads that require more than one sii"h track,
should have too narrow tracks, in preference to one
wide track. It is safe to say. that whenever two
tracks are dpmandpd, for the accommodation of travel,
(unless the necessity grows out of the fact that the
earth is very nnsnited to road making.) that that de
mand will surely justify the investment of the mon
ey the second track will cost ; for it roust be a very
great amount of travel that will not be accommodated
by a single eight feet track, with a carefully cared for
earth road to turn out npon alongside of it.
Experiments have been made to test the proper
mode of laying the plank : On the Chambly road
the planks are twelve feet long, but laid diagonally,
so as to make the road but eight feet wide. The
weight of half the vehicle and load coming sudden
ly upon one end of the plank, and the other end not
being kept down at the same time, the traffic con
stantly tends to disrrpt the road, and the planks are
loose, and spring from end to end." 4'At
Quebec, part of the road has been planked, the plank
being laid lengthwise. It was considered that the
planks would stand better the friction, and, when ne
cessary, could be more easily taken up, and the road
repaired. One strong objection to this mode of lay
ing the plank is found to be, that the horses cannot
keep their feet when much weighted, and are much
exposed to falling, in consequence. Under all these
circumstances, most have approved the manner in
which the planks are laid on the Toronto road."
Paienl Office Report, 1843, p. 129.
In constructing plank roads, it is necessary to have
the earth upon which the plank are to be laid broken
up and made fine, that they may touch the earth at
every point. This is important, for if any space be
left for air under the plank, or alongside the sills.
dry rot tollows. X he sills should not be large ; four
inches square is sufficient. They should be perfect
ly bedded into the earth, and there should be broken
earth under them, care being taken that they should
not rest firmly upon rocks or other hard substances,
that will not allow them to settle.
All earth formations of this nature will settle some,
and the sills must be permitted to go down as the
rest of the structure settles, or a space for air would
be left between the plank and the earth, and the sills
would thus support the plank ; whereas the plank
should rest upon the earth at every point. Nothing
is gained by wide or deep sills, and the whole sup
port of the road is the earth that is covered by the
plank, and the amount is in no wise increased by
wide sills. The chief use of sills is to grade by,
and to keep the road in form until the earth becomes
settled.
- There is, in the vicinity of Toronto, a short plank
road that has no sills at all under it, and the grade
is very nearly as exact as those roads where sills are
used. :
The plank having; been laid, the next thing is to
grade a road some ten or twelve feet wide on one
side, and two or three on the other, by taking earth
from, the ditches on each side, and bringing it by a
ditch scraper just up and .even with the upper side of
the plank, so that if a wheel runs off the track it
passes upon a smooth surface of earth. The ends
k thi P'ank Should not" be laid even, but a part
should project from two lo four inches by. the general
tine, to prevent a rut being cut just along the ends of
a piank; If the ends of the plank are even, and a
naau nit is made, the wheel of a loaded wagon will
scrape along the ends for some distance before it will
rise op to the. top of .the plank, unless thegon
moves in a direction nearly across the road ; bat if
the wheel cannot move two feet forward wtfhotl
coming square against the edge of a projecting plank,
the difficulty of getting on- the road is avoided. It
is not necessary to pin or spike the plank to the sills.
Perfect drainage must be secured, and to that end,,
the ditches must be deep and wide, and grood sluices
whenever ihe water crosses - the road. This is the
important point draw fermctxy. ..
The thickness of the plank .must be decided by
the amount of travel. If it is sufficient to insure the
wearing out, and not-the rotting" ont, of the timber,
. - . i I 1C at . i:.t. n wit
four inches is tne inicuness, u mai miivkucbs
snouia uo
a
. nntrniinH -irc..mstanr.B. Pine
point iun uiuo. - - - j , .
is used at Toronto; hemlock on the Sail na road ; in
some of the Western States - it is- likely that oan
might be procured at a reasonable price. Ihe num
ber of feet (board measure) of lumber required for
sills foui inches - square, for one mile, is 14080 ;
plank, three inches thick, for a single track eight feet
wide, will measure 126,720 feet. The grading and
laying a track will vary in cost, according to circum
stances. When an old roadway is used, and hills
are not to be cut down, or valleys filled up, it will
not vary much from fifty cents a rod for one track.
In those sections of the country where lumber is
cheap, plank Toads must go into very genen.1 use ;
and, in some localities, it is the only road that can
be made to endure the changes of the climate with
any reasonable outlay of money. Less power is re
quired to draw loading over them, and they are su
perior in every repect to McAdam roads -v hile they
last."
Extreme Unction, or the Jockey's Spiritual
AnvisER. A noted horse jockey in Connecticut, who
had, by his profound knowledge of horseology, and
various arts and sciences 44 adjacent thereto," accu
mulated a considerable property, was a great hypo
chondriac, and exaggerated every slight disorder that
attacked him into a dangerous disease. Some of his
neighbors were uncharitable enough to assert that his
conscience made him tremble at the slightest menace
of death. It is certain that whenever he was laid
upon his bed with sickness, he began straightway to
talk aloud of his approaching dissolution, and bore
his friends and neighbors with querulous complaints.
Once when sick, an old confederate, who had travel
led with him and aided him in despoiling the Egyp
tians in every county of the State, called to see him.
This friend comprehended the nature of his complaint
at once, and requested the family to allow him to
manage matters in his own way for a day or two.
He changed the tactics which others had previously
employed, and instead of prophesying smooth things,
he out-Heroded Herod in croaking over his friend's
maladies, and soon pronounced him a dying man.
From time to time he dropped in, and so worked up
on his feelings that he brought the disease to a crisis.
He called upon him the second day about noon,
and taking his sick friend's wrist between his fingers,
he shook his head mournfully, and, with a tear in his
eye, murmured
44 Poor fellow, it will soon be over."
" This is hard, Sam," said the sick professor of
horseology, and he groaned in bitterness of spirit.
Hard enough !" said Sam. 44 Just as you've got
the nice farm paid for. Your boys will raise the devil
when you're gone."
Oh oh 1"
" What is the matter!"
" Oh, such a pain shot through me !"
44 Hain't you got any thing on your mind that you
want to say pretty soon ? That last horse you sold
for a colt was as old as a man, you know."
Oh no, Sam. I've nothing to say ; that is I've got
so much to say that it s no use to try : oaiu !
" What!"
" Can't you can't you pray for me!"
44 Well, it's something that ought to be done and
I think I'll try."
Sain knelt down, and the sick one covered his
head with the blanket and fairly writhed in agony
of soul. Sam began, keeping one corner of an eye
upon the bed.
44 Oh Lord, thy servant that's now lying sick on
the bed, having burnt out the candle of life in the ser
vice of the devil, (Groans from the blanket,) is now
desirous of throwing the snuff in his Maker's face,
(sick one peeps out.) He lies here a broken down
nag, spavined, ringboned and heavy, and tnou Know-
est that he has raised the hardest colts in this neigh-
borhood. ( Blanket jerked down convulsively. )
Thou knowest, Lord, that he has been one of the
greatest liars (heightened color in the sick man's
face) and cheats, (fist doubled under the blanket)
and the d dest horse jocky that ever trotted thy foot
stool." 44 It's an infernal lie, you scoundrel !" said the re
viving patient. You're a cussed sight worse than
everl could be !" and he leaped from the bed. 44 You
cheated me twice yourself, you cussed hypocrite
roared the furious invalid and he fairly turned his
friend out of doors.
The horse jockey was abroad the next day, and
soon commenced sending his boys to school, and re
forming his own manners of life. He was chang&d
from the very hour that the prayer was made at his
bedside, and lived and died a better man.
Yankee Blade.
The Hvpocrisy or Northern Philanthropy
We wonder if a Northern negrophilist, especially a
44 conscience man of Massachusetts, can read the
following article without a blush of shame. It is one
of the thousand facts, constantly coining to light to
prove the intense hypocrisy of Freesoil philanthro
py. It is of a piece with the war of castes rapidly
coming to a head in all the free States, the end of
which, is nothing less than the expulsion of the black
race, whicli they profess to love so much from their
borders. They first assert, thatall men are 44 free and
equal, that color should make no distinction in the
political and social rights of men. Practicing on
this, they condemn the blacks among them to the
lowest menial employments. Boot blacks, waiters
and barbers are the highest employments to whicli
they can rise under the while ban.
If they drive a hack or a dray, the Jehus and Cart
men, run over them, break their carriages and thus
drive them from an occupation which they cannot
safely pursue. Next, they are refused political rights,
and can only vote in some States, under to them, a
high property qualification social privileges they
have none. ,
Next, they steal Southern slaves, harbor them
when they run away, and will conclude the farce by
driving the poor devils from the land, where they
have been promised liberty, equality and peace. And
during all this time, it is the free States that are car
rying on the African slave trade with Brazil ; and
no doubt with Cuba too. Comment on facts like
these is unnecessary. A Northern paper blushes to
publish them. And with all this hypocrisy, the
South, under the pslicy of submission is constantly
going down, under the weight of influence which
Freesoilism is able to bring to bear upon the action
ot the General Government. By it, we have been
robbed of our territorial rights, excluded from the
gold of California, seen our property reprobated by
the Legislature of the Union, and a strong sett given
to the heady current of agitation, which if un
checked, leads inevitably to ultimate abolition. And
this has been the work of the vilest hypocrites of
men, who pretending to teach us humanity, are
themselves, crushing the race of their affected love,
beneath the iron heel of prejudice; dealing in the I
foreign traffic in flesh, and are now preparing to
expatrate them from the land of their birth and of
promised liberty to those who ny to it. vv no wouia
be a submissionist! Columbia Timet.
Afraid op Spoilino his Beauty. The Washing
ton correspondent of the Philadelphia Ledger gives
the following :
44 Mr. Blair, of the Globe that was, hearing of Mr.
Benton's sickness, called o j him the other day.
He first met the ladies in the parlor, who told him
that the Colonel was sick in bed, and that the doctor
had forbidden people to enter his room. Mr. Blair
though t that as an old friend, he enjoyed the privilege
of seeing Mr. Benton nnder all circumstances. - and
accordingly rushed into his bed-chamber. There he
was appalled to find Col. Benton sitting op in his
bed, his face covered with scales and scars. 44 What
in the name of Heaven, is the- matter with you!"
cried Mr. Blair. 44 Nothing, sir," replied Col. Ben
ton, putting himself in his usua,! senatorial expound
ing attitude, patting with two fingers of his right
hand, the palm of his left hand : : 44 Small pox, sir
small pox; ha, ha, ha, Blair rushed oat like a
thunderbolt, and immediately got himself vaccinated,,
to save his beauty ! - -'.v -j' '
:v,. ;, fv.' From the Richmond Enquirer.
Retributive Vengeakce or Terrible Lynch
law. The same mail brings us accounts of two ca
pes, the one in California, the other in Mississippi
both flagrant in crime and infamy, both followed by
instant lightning-like, awful retribution. From a let
ter in the New Yort Journal of Commerce, written
at San Nevada, California, we make the following
thrilling extract : '
44 Here is one instance of a very common mode of
adminstering justice to criminals in our midst.
A drunken Englishman, named Divine, murdered
his wife bnder circumstances of unusual cruelty." Da
ring their whole residence in Georgetown, she had
supported him and their children by her own indus
try. He asked her one morning for some money to
gamble with, but she told him to wait until be was
sober. He rushed across the room for a pistol, but
she anticipated him and threw it into a bucket of wa
ter. He then leaped into the street, snatched a rifle
from the shoulder of a stander-by, returned and shot
her through the heart. r - ' ' ' '. '
It was Sunday, and as usual the places ot resort
were filled by miners, who invariably spend that hol
iday in town. The report of a rifle in the street was
nothing unusual, but the tale of horror flew as only
rumor car fly, and in five minutes the house was filled.
In such a country as ours, and under such circum
stances as these, men act rathet than speak. A neigh
boring 44 Round Tent" (Our gambling houses are often
turned , into Court Rooms on account ot their size)
was selected as a scene of trial. The prisoner was
led in, and then before a word was spoken, another
party brought in the body of his wife,just as she fell
with the dark blood - oozing from her breast. Ehe
was gently laid on a large table near her husband.
This sight stung- the people into frenzy. No one
thought of wasting words in 'a trial. The pris
oner was seized, and hurried towards a little emi
nence overlooking the village, where the noose of
a lariat swung significantly from a tree. . Just at this
moment, a man of great influence with the people in
that vicinity, attempted to persuade them to postpone
their design until a Coroner's inquest should be held
upon the body, and a summary trial, but still a trial,
had, after the verdict. With much difficulty he suc
ceeded, on condition that the inquest and trial should
both be held on that day ; and as the Coroner was at
Columa, four o'clock was given as the last moment.
An express was sent to Columa, and to save time, a
jury empanelled to act instantly upon his arrival.
They sat together in the tent with the prisoner and
the body. The mob waited outside, but were not un
employed. A deep pit was dng at the foot of the tree,
and all the solemn furniture of the grave 'prepared.
As four o'clock approached, the silence of the mob
was broken by deep whispers and hoarse murmurs.
Rifles, pistols, and bowie-knives were freely dis
played. . This did not escape the notice of the jury,
and they began, not unnaturally, to fear.for their own
safety. At last when the sun was low in the West,
the mob could wait no longer, but tore up the sides
of the tent and rushed in just in time to see the last
juryman escaping by a back way. They went at their
task without a word. At the head ot a long proces
sion, the murderer marched to his gallows, and the
body of his wife was borne close behind him.' Ihe
children thank Heaven ! were not there; but even
in that stern scene, they were not forgotten. A small
box. marked 44 For the Orphans," was nailed to the
tree, and many an ounce was poured into it from the
purses of those who followed the father to his death
The body of the murdered woman was lowered
into a wide pit, and even while the wretched man
gazed upon it, and upon that empty but significant
box by his side, the cord suddenly tightened around
his neck and he swayed in the air. The mob sat on
the hill side and sternly watched him.
At the end of half an hour, he was cut down and
laid in the grave by - the side of his wife. In five
minutes, Georgetown was as still as that lonely grave
upon the hill. Not a man was to be seen in the
streets : no one knew any thing of that lawless mob
In the evening, the Coroner arrived, and upon hear
ing the story, summoned his jury for morning. They
met at sunrise apon the hill, and stood around the
unfilled grave, white the end of a cut cord dangled
above their heads. They exchanged a few words, and
after laying a slip of paper upon each of the bodies.
proceded to fill up the grave. Upon one ot the slips
was written, 44 Murdered by Divine, her hus
band," and upon the other, 44 Died according to the
will of God, by the justice of men."
The Paulding (Jasper county. Miss.,) Clarion has
the following blood-curdling sketch of one of the
most dreadful and atrocious crimes on record. No
one can be surprised that summary vengeance was
resorted to:
44 Since the time when the midnight murder of Dr.
Longgon and family sent a thrill ot horror through
the community, no event has created a deeper sorrow
and more pervading indignation than the assassina
tion, on Tuesday last, of Mrs. Mary Dixon, wife of
John Dixon, and her infant child, at her residence,
in the neighborhood of William Bridges, Esq., by
Haley, a negro man belonging to Mr. achana
Thompson, (the lady's father.) Having been sum
moned on the coroner's jury, we went in person to
the scene ot the horrible tragedy, saw the mutilated
body of the murdered woman, the severed throat of
her infant, and witnessed, without regret, the summa
ry and terrible, but still inadequate expiation of his
triple and atrocious crime by the monster. The re
volting facts are briefly these :
On Tuesday morning, Mr. Dixon, unconscious
of the awful doom impending over his family, start
ed from home in quest of cattle. His little son, an
artless child, a few months over two years old, start
ed fondly after him, pursuing him some distance, un
noticed by the father and undiscovered by the moth
er. Mrs. Dixon soon missed the boy, went after
him, and called to him to return. She was then ap
proached by the brutal villain, Haley, who at once
offered such indignities as the virtue and pride of
civilized woman resents and resists, even at the peril
of life. She repelled the advances of the bestial
monster, yielding neither to threats nor disgusting
importunities, when he felled her to the earth. An
outrage, too abhorrent for mention an outrage that
stirs to unappeasable indignation every manly and
sympathetic feeling in the human breast was then
perpetrated upon the person of his victim by the in
carnate demon. She asked, at the hands of the fiend,
life life, that she might prepare for her solitary re
maining hope a refuge for her crushed spirit in
heaven I But the ruffian heeded her not; he spurned
the prayer of the wife, injured beyond reparation.
and beat her on the head with pine limbs and stabb
ed her until she died: ihe infant was found
about thirty steps from the mother, its throat cut
twice with long deep gashes. . .
W hen Haley was arrested his clothes were stain
ed with blood, and the wretch attempted and did j
throw away his knife. Alter being severely whipp
ed, he made the annexed confession. His implica
tion of the boy, Paul, is entirely discredited by the
citizens of the neighborhood, 'various circumstances
strongly tending to exculpation of the latter. On
Thursday, about two hundred persons were assem
bled, including many ladies
The guilt of Halev
was too manifest for doubt; and while indignation
was at its height, and the blood curdled at the vivid i
recollection of the unexampled atrocity, it was pro- and if stinted, even of this hard fare, the fat lumps
posed that Haley be burned to death. - To this pro- present a store-house of nourishment. Its capabili
position there was not a single dissentient, if we ex- - ty for sustaining thirst is extraordinary. uoon an
cept the officers of the law, who, in compliance with j
metr swum uuij, proiesiea against ine xiiegaitiy or :
the act. ; All were eager for the instant and signal
punishment of the worse than murderer. Accord
ingly, he was borne to a tree, chained to it, and sur
rounded with light and other wood. It is worthy of
remark that the slaves present evinced commendable
abhorrence of the crime and the criminal, and assist
ed with alacrity in his punishment. We will not
dwell upon the horrors of the monster's death-scene.
But in simple justice, we would observe, that those
who participated in burning the negro, in point of res
pectability and character, would rank favorably with
the'same number of citizens in any State." '
The confession above alluded to contains a full ac
knowledgement of guilt, bat falsely implicates anoth
er,8ervant(Paul) as the murderer of the woman, while
he killed the child. ' This was evidently with the
hope of release from the stake. The confession was
made and taken down while- be stood tied thereto.
In a previous confession he implicated no one, and it
seem he had long meditated an outrage upon the lady.
He says: . - - .
" Affef the commission of the act, when we talked
of killing her, she prayed : and begged for her life,
saying she was not prepared to die ; and, although so
much disgraced, she would, never tell on us. This
is all I can tell about it.", . ,l
The husband.' Mr. D ixon. did not return hnm
night on the day of the murder, when he fonnd his
lbf!it5,h,lld(a.n-.Infant) nS ,n t,,e bed bat his ,
" auu olae cauq were aDSenw ;
From the New York Herald.J V. ,
Election or Ex-Goyernor Fish as United State's
Senaoh Triumph or m Sewardism in New.:York."
The telegraphic intelligence of -yesterday morning,
announcing the election of Ex-Governor Fish as
United States Senator, startled the community. .Ev
ery one had supposed that this important question had
been disposed of, as far as the Legislature was con
cerned,' and - that it would come directly before the
people at the next election. It seems, however, that
the influence of Seward and his party in New York,
have broken down all opposition, carried everything
before them, and elected 'their candidate as' United
States Senator. Some persons say that the election
is illegal and unconstitutional, and that Governor Fish
will be rejected as soon as he seeks admission in the
United States Senate during the next session. The
moral effect, however, of the election of that gentle
man, which is in favor of the increasing influence of
Seward and his party in this great State, is not affec
ted by any constitutional scruples. The result is be
fore the world, that William H. Seward is the great
magician that manages New York, and carries all its
Dolitical influence in his bag or breeches pocket. The
ordinary laws of the State, or the usual construction of
written constitutions, are mere gossamer threads with
politicians who believe only in a higher law, which
overrules all constitutions and all written forms.
' Various causes and influences have contributed 'to
give this important and extraordinary triumph to Wm.
H, Seward, in the politics of New York. The anti-slavery
element, practically acting1 in opposition to
the Fugitive Slave law, passed during the last ses
sion of Congress, is one of the most important ele
ments in the triumph of William H. Seward in this
State. , Some weeks ago it was reported that the
President and the cabinet, at Washington, had thrown
the whole of their influence in the scale in opposition
to the election of Mr. Fish, on the ground of his
doubtful position on the' recent compromise measures,
and his opposition to the Fugitive Slave law especi
ally. More recent statements have countenanced the
belief that the President has given his influence in
favor of Mr. Fish, notwithstanding the inference
which may be drawn from Mr. Fish's election, and
the countenance which it will give to the spread of
anti-slavery feeling in the North. The President and
his cabinet may mean well in this and in other mat
ters ; but the anti-slavery agitation in this Stats, and
in the North generally, overrules all influences, and
all arrangements, that may proceed from Washington.
Thus we go. The anti-slavery sentiment of the
Northern States is slowly but surely making advan
ces in every direction. Ohio has recently elected a
free soil Senator ; New York has followed suit ; and
it is now very likely, that one of the same character
will be elected in Massachusetts, in spite of all the
difficulties in the way of accoraplishinn such a result.
Will iam H. Seward and the anti-slavery influence,
which is not yet of the ultra Garrison kind, but which
is gradually and surely running in that direction, are
growing and growing all around us, every where,
beneath jus and about us, in the Northern 'States.
The whig party, once a national and a constitutional
orgaization of the intelligence, the wealth, and respec-
laoiiity oi tne tree states, is gradually assuming the
position of a mere abolition faction, composed of va
rious colors and stripes, from the pure black of Doug
las, to the mixed complexion of William H. Seward
and his political associates. The consequence of such
a policy will be to increase the excitement at the
South, and tend still further lo alienate that section
of the country from the North. Union committees,
with their liberal collections and silly movements.
cannot stay the tide of fanaticism. Castle Garden
assemblages may rant and roar for a few hours, and
eloquent lawyers may have their speeches circulated
to tne lour winds ot heaven, but the anti-slavery el
ement, wim wuuam H. oeward, and an immense
sectional party to back them, will go ahead, in oppo
sition to all constitutional obstructions and legal enact
ments, in tact, we may as well now, as at any oth
er time, set down as the most important movement, the
following nominations for the Presidency and Vice-
rresioency, tor the whig party at the INorth to con
cent rate their forces upon : ...
For President,
William H. Seward, white man.
For Vice-President,
Fred. Douglas, black man. ' '
The
Slave
Fbee Soilers Repeal op the Fugitive
Law. The Free-soil party at the North are
in ecstacies at their triumph in the election of Ham
ilton Fish to the United States Senate, by the Leg
islature ot JNew-x ork. in the city ot New-York,
the wildest demonstration ofjubilatjon were indulged
in. un me announcement oi inn event, tuu guns
were bred from the Battery, and the doors ot the Sen
ator elect were thrown open to receive the congratu
lations of his friends, o-
The next stept will be, for the Legislature to pass
resolutions for the modification or repeal of the Fugi
tive Slave Law. The lower Hoiuie of the Ohio Leg
islature have already set the example. By a vote
of thirty-nine to twenty, they have adopted a resolu
tion that their senators in Uongress be instructed, and
their Representatives requested, to use all honorable
means to obtain an immediate repeal, modification, or
amendment of the Act of Congress, usually styled
the Fugitive 6lave Law, approved September 18.
1850. The affirmative vote is classified thus:
Whigs 22 ; Democrats 12 ; Free Soilers 5. The neg
ative vote stands W higs 6 ; Democrats 13 ; Free
Soilers 1 ; the last because the words 44 modification
or amendment" were inserted.
Notwithstanding these indications of Punic faith
at the North, the Whigs of the South are disposed
to denounce every man as a traitor who has the inde
pendence to tell the people that their rights are in
danger, and that the free States are not to be trusted
on this subject." Norfolk Argus.
Peculiarities of the Camel. Viewed with the
eye of even a com parti vely careless observer, the cam
el presents one of the most complete instances of de
sign with relation to human wants. No part of its
structure could be omitted without detriment to the
wonderful work, no part improved. Its very defor
mities, as the hump upon its back, and the unsightly
lumps or coito8ites on its limbs, are absolutely nee
essary to its well-being. These cailosites, which are
seven in number, prevent the skin from cracking at
those points where the weight of the animal rests
upon the arid, burning sands, forming, as it were.
cushions upon which it may kneel. The strong, nip-
per-tiKe tront teem which the camel possesses, are
evidently intended for cutting through the tough, dry
plants which spring up here and there over the des
ert. I is nostrils are so formed that the animal can
effectually close them against the sand-storm of the
si moon. 44 The desert ship " seems to float rather
than step on the elastic, pad-like cushions of its
spreading feet, so admirably adapted for the soil upon
which it treads : and, whatever be the nature of the
ground, you hear no foot-fall, but Bee an immense an
imal approaching, noiseless as a cloud floating in the
heavens. The structure of its stomach enables the
came! to digest the coarsest vegetable tissues, and it
even prefers such plants as a horse would refuse, to
the finest pasture. It is satisfied with very little.
emergency, for ten or twelve days. Naturally nual-
inea ior long aDstinencetrom water, tne camel is like-
wise furnished with a wonderful stomach, containing
a series of reservoirs, which enable it not only to
keep itself supplied with that necessary element,
but also, in extremity, to save the life of its master.
With regard, however, to the water found in these
reservoirs, the common opinion as to its crystal-like
purity, appears to be erroneous. Those who have
been forced to the cruel necessity ot obtaining it,
state that, being mingled with the animal's undiges
ted food, it must be strained for drink, and that even
then it is somewhat bitter. The camel's, eyes can
look forward, and, in some degree, backward, but are
shaded from the downward stroke of the sun by an
over-hanging orbit, which prevents them from look
ing upward. v From the sole of the elastic foot, to the
crown of the well-balanced head, the camel, exter
nally and internally, is formed for the destiny which
it has to fulfil ; and no sound physiologist can con
template the creature without seeing in it an over
whelming manifestation of the wisdom and goodness
of Divine Providence. . . . . .
A Large (JREYA88E. ,. The Vicksburg Whig no
tices a number of crevasses on the Mississippi. One
mile and a half of the Levee at ' the famous Point
Look Out plantation has also given way, and no hope
is entertained, or exertion made, to check the torrent
entirely,'manv of thl plantations in.Madvsoa Parish,
La., and mr or 1. , ffo the balance ot the Pariah.
THE STEAMER FR a
The ' Market Cotton " lThnr vTUui
Decline in Corn, Arc.
Hiw i ork, March 23, 1851
lin left Cowes-on the 8th March, at 1 o'clock
V . M. On the 9th, at 9 A.
M., she naaa .l ?
S. Mail steamer Washington, off Stee. tT V.
Ihe Washington was bound for Southampton
The accounts of thn Kaffir nra a
prated. . . .. . . .. . Z: J, ' J
n. lair ousmess doing in the manufacti
arintr a:
incia, uui ine u. advance in cottons
maintained.-2 1 :
hadnotb
England. The Duke of Wellington recom.
ed the recall of Lord John Russell, together whu"
associates, to the Ministry, on accountTof the
ty of Lord Stanley to form a protectionist Mini
The whig Premier has therefore again resumed?'
reins of power, and no alteration in the cons trn
of the Cabinet was likely lo take place. ,
The Papal Aggression bill was to undergo van
modifications. A new budget was to be broncrht r"
ward, and it ia nrohahln Sir Jumna nL
Aberdeen, and others, will form a cabinet wi.k!1
ministry. . ,.I -: ; . : y , , , " e
The British Government has provided a fUnj
defray the expenses, passage, &c., to America
two hundred and sixty-two Hungarian exiles
rived from Turkey.: , ; 'JU81
Ireland. Fitzgerald, the well k-
fi
Priest, has forwarded to Lord Wellincrton tJS
against the ecclesiastical titles. The Duke, fn J
ter, says he will present the petition to the Hc-m.
Lords, and support its prayer. ,
France. The Assembly met on Monday. Tn,i
bureau to examine the budget for 1852, it was
covered that the assimilation of the floatina debt h
increased it to the sum of 71 millions francs witv
the past year. This afforded a subject of ffene i
conversation and apprehension in the political cirel
Various suggestions were made for means to increT
the receipts. This having been made known
had considerable effect on the Paris boursn 11
ijru-ve were beiung ai tti.zic,
C - II- n.rn. "(
and
three's 58 f.
Germany, Berlin, March 6. A despatch receitM
from Austria recommends the refusal to comply
the Russian demand. The Government is determ!
ed not to recede from these demands, and wiff jf .u "
are not acceded to, prefer the organization of 'the nil
Diet, fnnce Metternich has been called onoabv
the Emperor for counsel respecting the re-onranixa
lion of the confederation. - The Prince advised not to
centralize Austria too rigorously, nor push Prussia to
extremities, lest the latter be forced to throw herself
in the arms of revolution. He further adds that dan
gerous religious complications are to be apprehended
if Russia should be too much provoked.
Switzerland. The Swiss government has ad
dressed a note to the cabinet at Vienna, promisinu io
appoint some other place ot refuge for political fuuj.
tives, who have given umbrage to Austria.
Russia. . The Emperor ot Russia has presented
the King of Prussia with a chain of the cross of
St. Andrew, a thing never 'before conferred out of
the imperial family. It is valued at one million of
ducats. ..
' Markets. . Cotton. The total sales of Cotton
during the past year, in Liverpool, amount to 256,.
790 bales. During the previous year the sales wen
394,571 bales. During the week ending 7th, 2,33
bales American, 266 do. Egyptian, 260 Maranhaio
1,260 Sural, and 50 bale Bengal have been taken ot
speculation; and 160 American, 70 Egyptian, 1,350
Surat, and 210 Madras, for Egypt. To-day we had
a fair demand from the trade, and the sales of Fridaj
amount to 5,000 bales. ' Holders generally are firm,
though id decline has in some instances been sub
mitted to, though there is really no quotable chanje
from last week.
On the 7th the flour market of Liverpool was quiet
and prices remained the same as last iveek. Faror
ble western winds brought a large fleet of vessels
from the United States. Within four days the re
ceipts of flour were 36,006 bbls. and 4G00 quarters
of Indian corn, besides considerable wheat. The
sales of wheat and flour ' have been comparitireljr
limited, and former prices with difficulty obtained,
Indian corn has declined 6d. to Is. per quarter. In
London flour was held rather firmly at previous prices,
but no probability of an advance.
Sugars were dull, and much neglected, with the
exception of West India's.
The Coffee market was stagnant ; good ordinary
and native Ceylon selling at 45s. 6d. to 46s.
Molasses quiet. Naval stores Moderate demand,
without change in prices.
There continues a good demand for provisions,
without anv special change in prices supply mod
erate. Tobacco scarce and in fair demand ; prices un
changed.
The money market easy, and without special
change. Consols 962.
American stocks firm, and without change from
last week's quotations.
ARRIVAL OF STEAMER ARCTIC.
N ew York, March 23. The American mail steam
ship Arctic arrived here at 8 o'clock this morning.
She left Liverpool on the 8th inst. During her first
night out, while in the English Channel, she was
run into by a lage ship, and sustained some slight
damage, which detained her a short time, and this
was instrumental in prolonging her passage.
Turkey. A letter from Constantinople, of the 17th,
announces the question in regard to the Hungarian
refugees as settled.
The Emperor of Austria has granted a full amnes
ty to the refugees at Kutayah, on condition that they
declare never again to re-enter Hungary. Eight of
them only are excepted from this clemency, amon
whom are Kossuth and Count Bathayany. 7
Dembinski is expected at Constantinople, where
he is permitted to reside.
Advices from Smyrna to the 14th say that the is
land of Samos has surrendered to the Sultan's au
thority. The leader of the insurrection is lo be given
over to Turkish officers.
aThe Markets. The cotton market is the same
as per last Friday. '
Conee neglected sales only of a small lot of St.
Domingo at 48s per cwt.
Turpentine in regular demand at 6s. 9d. a 7s.
American rosib 3s. 3d. for common, and 6s. 3d. for
finer.
American provisions steady retail demand. Buy
ers of pork reluctantly pay the advance. St. Louis
bacon advanced one shilling. - Lard 15 a 18 5d.
lower. Tallow advanced 6d. Rice quiet 30 tierces
S. C. sold at 158. Tobacco quiet unchanged in
prices. . . ; r
Kedwheat 5s. lOd. a 6s. 3d. Yellow corn 29s
6d.a39s. Flour Western canal 20s. 6d. a 21s
6d. Philadelphia and Baltimore 22 a 23s. per bbl. .
A New Crusade for the Recovery of the Ho
ly AiANO It is stated in a late number of the
Allgemeine Zeitnng that the Austrian Ultramontaine
party is preparing considerable difficulties for Prince
Schwarzenburg, by its zeal fornn object which the
Christian world has abandoned the recovery of Je
rusalem and the Holy Sepulchre from the hands of the
Mahometans, the purpose of the crusades is to be
revived, but is to be pursued by the way of diploma
cy hot by war. It is stated that the Catholic powers,.
with the connivance of Austria, intend to obtain pos
session (it is not precisely defined how) of all the
sacred spots of the Holy uand, which will be then
made over to the Catholic Church. The order of the
Holy Sepulchre will be raised to the importance onse
possessed by the Knights Templars. , The Pope is to
be the Grand Master, and one Prince of every Catho
lic atate ot Europe .is to be created Grand fnor.
Prince Schwarzenberg. it is said, is not zealous in
the cause of the Austrian Pietists, and will probably
suppress the whole plan as soon as it becomes politi
cally . inconvenient. -
Grapes. The ffraoes of Lima are of various kinds.
and among them one called the Italian, very large and
delicious. The vines exteud themselves on the sur
face of the croond. which ia vnrv well adapted tO
support them, being either stony or full of sand.
These vines are pruned and watered at proper times,
and thrive remarkably without any other care. No
other culture is bestowed apon those designed for
: .1 k . J C - .L ' 1 - . r U-: nr
wine, ine ueinanu ior mem in oiner respects urms uu
large. At Conception, in Chili, there are vines oi
several kinds, which vie with the wheat in ex libe
ra nee and with regard to the richness and flavor of
the grapes, are esteemed- beyond any prod need rn
Peru, v Most of them are red. A sort of muscatel is
also made here; whose flavor fjtr exceeds any of the
ARRIVAL OF
kind tn fepair. - - . .
:r.I.dj.:!"5
A.
4--