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South Caroi&a State Convention. .a' .' A: This bbrlywretet Military Hull, in ?bwiJi'.'0D Monday VWS last. About five htiudrtd delegates were 4 fteJance. - ' 1 . . ' 'f Tfre Oewvetrtion organized by he appointment ot -Wwerwor J.- P. Richardewi.-and roftotrins Vice Presidents, tx-Gt- VV. C. fceabrook, i. S.'Ashe, N. L. Griffin, L W. Simkins. Iw H. Goodwyn, B. K. Hannegan, and VV. H. Gist. Mr. J. C. Walker was appointed Secretary, assisted. by some half a dozen editors of papers. . . - ? - The President, on taking his seat delivered an ad dress, in which hft Calmly and temperately reviewed the state of affairs which had brought the Convention tno-Btiipr. Hesaid that -under existing circumsUnees Southern Institutions could not last 20 years. He alluded in forcible terms to the disregard paid to the expendtCtlre of blood and treasure by the South in the Mexican war, by tho exclusion of Southern In Stlisfions from the territories acquired by thai con test, and remarked when dangers thus reach our very doors, it is lime to arm. We hoped that the deliberations would he confined entirely to the consideration of the questions, when, where, and how resistance should be made, but con fessed that it should not rashly be resorted to. He loved the Union. There could not bo in the whole assemblage an amateur disunionist. He counselled union among ourselves. The eloquent speaker then went on at considerable length to show the want of natural bonds of affinity between the different sec tions of the Union, and concluded by advising tem perate deliberation.. Tho Convention then adjourned. We copy the following from the Charleston Mer cury of May 5 : This body commenced its session yesterday. At t.n hnnr anitninlAil for the meeting, the Hail Was al- ready filled an indication of t itf earnesi spirit iimij -actuated lhe debates, whieh all lhe subsequent pro- ; the earnest spirit that ceaings coimim. - ., - registered their names, and though all the member. of the convention had not arrived, every part of lhe . State was represented, and we have never seen a body of men assembled, the. aspec of which was ...ore calculated to impress the beholder with res pert, and j i- .. c.....l I'nnr iiini taiI anil I iirlv-nne with the conviction ilia? nero nnjrni ne ioohi-u ior the display ot manly sincerny, calm courage, ami a. . ... . i unfaltering persista.e in the cause they are pledged saennces uiey imu ...aue io UC.R.... ...mw. - f I vance its prosperity, looming snori oi iifng-conun- r j j ..." . . 7 ued and gross wrongs could have withered up sucii . . . . . ' . it : i k"1. i.. u.. ' in( I I 111(111 111 LlltH lltKlI LSk Ul UUI IltC-Ullli;s IJG 1WIII4ITII . to the unequal operation of the Government, which ; - . '. . . ., ....... . tor a lonsr series nad maae tne iruiis oi me inuusiry j of one section the food to satiate the greedy cravings j of the other. But the aggressions of the North did "!j .. 'ri- w.i "i i... IlUt CI1U ticicr A lie A Gucini viurciiiiutr-iii. taii'i no nnn.rol. haa invaded the institutions of the Su.lth. : and put in peril the security of properly and of do- 17 il.inri Din lltn c-oitl liurn .l.o all share in the common territories, their equality in I .i. it... i... i,!i i. k..i;2i.;.. .h ,' tllO 4J IIIUll ll.ia UCCII UCIUCU, VVIII.C II. 1-JUII31III1" hllV Slav trade in the District of Columbia under oenal- ! to UDIIOIU. incr Gen. Buchanan, of Fairfield.'to the chair, a post " u" ?' " ,V. T, ' "V "... J i "f ,,,e VV '"'"3'' ,ioad- power of the State in defence of its rights. 'I in rnnvpniinn was lemnoraniv or-rdiiiat-ii uvmh- which he filled with great P W ' w b dTnd pePect di Way'Sve" SG 332 02. Vdd 5 per "bSoi 80 3,80 d 3 "P;ted address to the Southern R the preliminary business of Wu t-ffycu ; e(le jj,, sir (;ii,an would (notwith- IX &c P 80 954 81 ' Associations of the other Southern States. l"r,Th? . ?U0M 26! That principlcon which South Carolina and on taking the chair, delivered an impressive ad- j " 1"'.." ..r Tn A .tZ . r - f jnTTZTTT! . is JU8. we hink every State fights man will dress. In the course of his sj.eech. thepres ,f v - j admit, but the prudence and expediency of the rZrWC,XW. S.000 in-seuing down the fS.w", a uZZ and contemplated movement, may be lia ........ , ...i,(..i. k.iimrwi ii'uiua rr 1 1 1 1 1 rpi i utr i ifii. . ' -.i ..i.ii. i i had made to defend its honor and bd- t " ....- . , o 10ouo , aauiUOn. : luesimu. ii suouiu ue remeuiuereu inai we ty of emancipation, the Federal Government has as- ! the enemy must pass before they reach the works, suined jurisdiction over slavery where it already ex- i k,ndest w,s,,els to b,sler a"d h" ,mle ists and established a precedent for aggressive inter- I PeoPle5 l'"1 besl aspects to mother Penrose, ference, the end of which, if not resisted in lime, bve ' yours- '"tP")'- A v V J must be the utter subversion of our institutions. j IUiM x VVAiAhf We have made no attempt to report Gov. Richard- j son's address, and have only louche, a few of bis ! Seaboard and Roanoke Rail Road Compact topics, for the purpose of indicating the spirit of his ! nonle fru.u Dallimurt lobtw Urkana. By the mejins remark. He was listened to with profound attention, ! fa da''y XRe of eaiijbou from Baltimore to W andall his bold positions in favor of resistance were ; fo'h',lhe ..above ral road froin. the e'V ,Sa2,,lb greeted with bursts of applause that seemed to spring j w,n l)e of great value to our city and Norfolk. The warmly from the heans of the whole assembly! ! rePor.1 made at U,e ,ast "'deling of the stockhohjers The convention promises to do its work faithfully ' ot ,nl3 o""p:'y. states that the charters of the enn and firmly, and to give to its decisions the force of . Pany KrilltsJ by irguua and North Carolina, ar of a unanimity beyond what we had ventured to expect. ! the most llbral cluracier. May the end prove that this hope is not idly indul-r- i 1 1,e ro3d 18 remarkably free from curvature. The ed . gradients are very low. In one or two places onw, .,... .- --f ... , n . . land for very short distances, they aro as high as 15 After the adoption of an Address and Resolutions, ; u, Ule Fof urpMeSf jf.n. the Convention adjourned tine die On the 8th instant. 10st be reg;uded as a straight and level road. The following Telegraphic accounts of its proceed- i The capital stock is one million of dollars, whicl ings were despatched to the Baltimore Sun : i Ch Southern belief determ nmt aklbston, May 6. The proceedings of the M'"5 ., . , . ... . Hani II iligtits L-onvention yesterday ust fv the . " ". '- . .. an heir to . . . - i i niiiira rnan iiinui ir ni noa in onrrin u-iti n ir i that a very large majority of the members are r.V. . . " -"'"i'""J " ,c " .... looklnir tneduron separate Sute action. Jude Butler UUD J"'S. U . . . ... r. I ...(,.. .'111 f I. . . . V. n .... An nn...... n . n.. r . Hon. l.anlrrinn i:iiova itiia in j ir. A " i""-Ji "c cuuiuiiicm i Mia to stay the current. Their moderate counsels are en- ! a"d e"2'"eS' tUe. b".lld,nSrsl S,,P3' wharves, &c.j i.e tirely disregarded. Mr. Rhett is evidemly the ...as- j ce?y for,,he bus,n,e.s,s tU.ed', , - ter spirit. His resolutions recominendtn.r the seces- h" rVad 13 now 18ol.) laid in the most sion of South Carolina saliiarv an,I lnn substantial manner, and in daily operation both for ed with tremendous applause. The most intense ex- cite.nent prevails throughout the city. To-day will decide the fate of our State. SECOND DKSPATCH. Charleston, May 6, 10$ P. M. Nothing definite transpired in the Convention to-day. The Commit tee reported au address and resolutions which were ordered to be printed and will be considered to-mor-tow. During the session to-day sereral strong reso lutions were offered favoring immediate separate fetate action. Referred. A letter was read from Lanrr dem Cheves, regretting his inability to attend the de , liberations of the Convention, and deprecatinr sepa rate State action. He advised forbearance and"conci liatton, and expressed the opinion that the main de pendence of the South was on the Demons,.., nf ,k country, and lhat the question had better be settled at the ballot-box. The letter was laid on the table and ordered to be printed. The reolutions and ad dress submitted by the Committee are to the effect that South Carolina cannot submit to her wronas without dishonor and ruin, and that it was necessary she should relieve herself whether other State joined her or not. J . Cbableston, May 7. 1 P. M. A minority report, signed by three ot the committee of 21, has bee. presented. A resolution by Mr. Orr.as an amendment was of fered, pledging the convention to abide by the action of the Legtslature of the State, whetiuj seces on take place will, or without opposition from the Gen eral Government. A debate ensued, in u hich no new features were developed. All concurred in the wronEs suffered, and the remedy necessary, differing only as to time and manner. W hatever be the action of the convention, they will support it. Those against the orignal report were Butler, Orr. and Barnwell The latter considered if South Carl olina separated from the other Southern States the re- of Sla7erl t'1 ' institution l8htaI VlJH q"T"n wi" b .?. to-morrow adopted by a large majority. .Z, k V TZL reP0". doubtless be Rhett will probably Tho ncnl,..; - '. . ...uv, icnonea oy the majority of the af.,nI fU d no,J8.uh.,n,t o her wrongs withou dishonor and ruin, and it is -necessary to relieve her- of otheVsute. Pther Wh!' r Wilhout co-operaUon ce. SfS -operation is worth many sacrifi- inm right of secession is essential to the sover- fSh0 he 6sf iatC8' ad 8 deD o ,ha A' lurnish the strongest cause for Its exercise. This aeonvegnt',fh,n """"'i ,0k8 -"0 V ho,!e to a convention of the people, to exercise the sovereign ly of the Siate in defence of its rir,u at the mn Practicable period and the most effec t manner and .SiowS.'S adopt ,Uto8,1 'ed " 3 i5S jueasures towards the same end. Charleston, May 8, 10 P. M. The address and resolutions reported by the majority of the coStLe anorirent a further discussioft to-dV.y, a w"" io.l. adopted, -niey declare in Lor oeceS wlSfefiH 6' ,,e,ller ' Southern States j3i Tt ohn,,5i'ar0,,na ' " regarding their co!o ,er" avion as not worth r:Ar: .,.. , , Duumiwian, . 1 her iarlner deelara . . : . 1 ., ""J ecen as neevssary to' the .tw' Si8' wd:i?" to.the Lejislature to a" "Swfe M inW a-ceniI eommhtee of nVn! StaA1?' aod aPi'0i,ed .Jteenttal State Uon accoTd 'V W$m fe.& -An Interesting Original Letter. Uen. Wayne1 Opinion if Jrnutd. A kind friend, nays the Phila delphia Sun, has placrd in our hands mi original let ter written by Gen. Anthony Wayne to a gentleman of this vicinity, which will be read with interest as containing the opinion of one of the bravest of our Revolutionary officers upon the treachery and previous character of Beudict Arnold. VV'e give the letter en ure : Haveustr.vw, near Stony Point, October 1, 1753. My Dear Sir: Will you do me the, justice to be ive that neither waul of affection nor inclination, but lieve that neither want of affection nor inclination, but a thousand other intervening circumstances, have pre- . vented me from writing soonerl Indeed, my dear j sir, we have hitherto had buta very disagreeable cam- paign ; what with private Teuu and puoiic iui''t i I au almost distracted and worn down. Just as I J had affected a temporary reconciliation among the of-! ficers of this line to measures which had wounded i their feelings, and beginning to feel n little happy, ih nerfifiwr nn. Arnold has opened a new afield for anxiety of mind, and distrust of some others, both ! in the cabinet and ihe field. " I I can't say that I was much shocked on the occa sion. 1 had long Knew me man , rnuj as n he produced a conviction to me that honor and true virtue were strangers to his soul and, however con tradictory it may appear, he did not possess either for titude or'personal courage. He was naturally a cow ard, and never went into danger but when stimulated by liquor, even to intoxication; consequently not ca pable of conducting air command committed to his charge. But, however that may be, had he succeed ed in the dark affair, Charleston and the other recent j military checks we have experienced in South Caro- j lina would he trifles to the loss of VFest Paint and its i dependencies ; for, by possessing that pass, ilia ene- mv would effectually separate tho Northern and Mid die States, and prevent any possible communication short ol half moon, snuaieu iweive nines noun yi u j means lhy might, direct their i . ' . . A d of : . . y .. n a unction of the forces ol these btates to molest litem j waj t(j haye takpn p,acast Thursday of , mornill8. The garrison of West M ,delachedi a,7j the wo7ks so wretchedly d nrovided. lhat ,e wlw must have been manned and provided. i carried in twenty minutes. curiiKU in tweiiiv iniiiuic His excellency fortunate. frii,.ilrri.l t that nlace about half the reacher WM discovered ; but Ar- j w,u hsmmw i-' i " j , , r pn,lfit.iMllil, , nroceed with ,: ,,., i . ., " ,j ,i.. all nra;ililii H isnii mli iimltT iii v t:oiiniiaiil. a im1 endeav- I i , . . . ,. , .ir I i.r ssi i v t nut- iiousssinn of IIih denies leadtii'r from itoiiy to VV est l'oiiil W e immcdiut ;Jy march- j . ' ,l'nv,"S "ur trt,"l' ""'s u, . i iMt n:iss. heinr untvards ot sixteen miles in four i .. . . . ... . . .urs per orn.eo ... me ...-., vunuui u ...au lelt behind. ' Here we yet remain, waiting for Sir Harry's mo- . . r ... ... , . ; Ul"' tul knowing Our position, he Will not bo h.ir- ''V "'nuSh Ps..vere in an enterprise Callhough a loua- Vsn.a ' "ol CO!,,,n" m5?'1 lo '"y'" hut will decide the fate of the day at the point ot tho . , . . . i i t hayonet in the. gorges of the defiles, through wl.Jc.. lnay be increased to one and a halt millions, at th Pa88.e"J.'erand freight, to Franklin, on the Black-wa- ter river, a distance of 37 i miles. The iron rails are j provided and on hand for the whole length of the line. and an efficient force is now engaged in laying the track between Franklin and Weldon. .The length now laid is about 45 miles from Porlrmouth. The road will probably be opened to Weldon, 80 miles from Norfolk, in May next, and to South Gaston, in season for the fall crop. The estimates for the receipts have been made, af tera good deal of examination into the subject, and from many detailed statements from persons familiar with the great resources' of the Roanoko' valley. A large amount of tobocco, cotton, corn, limber, naval stores, flour, pork, &c., will find their liest market at Norfolk, and the supply of West Inrfa goods and other articles consumed in the interior will be trans mitted in Teturq. The annexed'' map traces the grear Northern and Southern route via Norfolk, and the route to the Mis sissippi. From Norfolk the distance to New Orleans in the aggregate is 1,345 miles, capable of being trav eled in four days. The route is divided as follows : Norfolk to Weldon, by railroad, 80 miles ; Weldon to Wilmington, 161; Wilmington jo Manchester, 162; Manchester to Augusta, 112 ; Augusta to Atalanta, 171; Atalanta to West Point 85; West Point to Monisioinery, 97 ; Montgomery to Mobile, by steam boat, 327 ; Mobile to New OrWns, 150 1,445, miles from New York to Norfolk, 184 from New York to New Orleans, 1,729 miles. The Editors and the Kino. Five editors of London journals, Messrs. Russell of the Times, Leon of the Morning Herald, Woodson of the Morning Chronicle, Stuart of the Daily Hew, and Mudwytch of the Illustrated London.New, were lately travelling together in the north of the Island of Zealand, and presented themselves one morning at tbe historically famous and royal castle of Fredericsburg near Elsi nore. The travelers happening to arrive at a time when the king was staying at the castle, were told by the superintendent that he could not permit them to enter. But his Majesty of Denmark hearing that the representatives of toe London press desired to view his residence, immediately ordered them to be admitted, and received them with the greatest affa bility in his cabinet. He then directed that they should be attended throughout the buildings and grounds, and after their return they found a dejuner prepared and two of the carriages of the Court placed at their disposition to return to Elsinore ; at which place trie visitors sateiy arrived, cnarineu wtui me graceful hospitality of the king.. Nut for Grammarians. The Boston Transcript publishes a conversation between a young lady who writes tor the magazines and an old gentleman ! wno can speak English." Old Gentleman ,kAre there any houses building in your village 1 " " - Youmr Lady" No sir. There is a new house being built for Mr. Smith, but it is the carpenters who are building. : j Old Gentlcntan" True ; I sit corrected. To he building is certainly a different thing from to be being built; and how long has Mr. Smith's house been being built !" ' " - ' Young Lady (Looks puzzled a moment, and then answers rather abruptly.) 'Nearly-a year. ". - Old Gentleman-' How much longer do you think U wiU be being built V : Ytttng Lady (Explosively.) " I 'don't knowt " t Old Gentleman i should think Mr. Smith would e annoyed by it being so-long being built, for the uuko ne now occapie being old, he must leave it. Rd the new ene being only being built as ha expec-J ed, he cannot !" 1 t ne voung lady leaves titeWiYeiddehly A f .. For the North Carolina- Standard. "T-"THE CENTRAL B. A JL HOAD.' '?, Mr. HolOen: In your paper of the 3d insi;,yon copied an article from tho Charlotte ."Hornet's Nesi," respecting the Raleigh arid Gaston and Central Rail Roads, which article I f roposa briefly to examine. Though an ardent friend of internal improvements, and honestly believiag that a judicious system of internal improvements .will be of great advantage both to the State ad to individuals; and confer ad vantages too whin cannot oe estimated in aonars and cents, still I favor of the fullest discus. 8ion amj afn pleased that your paper presents both sjde8 cf (hs question. The Hornet's Nest says: ' '. it is now thought that the Gaston Jtoad will go down, anJ bebeved by the investigating, by men who 0ok before tney minx, ana uunK well Deiore mey speak, that the Central Road depends, so much upon tlw (jaston Road, that . the failure of the latter is but tne jn(jex of the former's failure.' We arrive at the 6aine conclusion from the comparison which follows: m-i,- Central Road is to be about 220 miles long, sav to Kaleigh ItiO miles, which distance answers all the purposes of our remarks. The Wilmington Road is about the same, say 160. Suppose the road to be finished from Charlotte to Kaleigh and in operation. The Gaston Road we suppose still to be in operation. Tie Central road has cost 43,000,000. Take the in come in through travel upon the Wilmington road and suppose it will amount to the same on the Central road, $103,700 67. The way travel 5 pel cent, more than on the Wilmington road, $65,501 80. Mails, rents.etc, the same, $80,954 81, Freights $571,071 36. The whole making$4U,244 54, a very pretty income. but w nore ,n,,kingtlie snug sum of $426,214 54. Take lhU a,uOUnt ,ile interest navable on the money tne roaj cost igo.000, and there remain $231,244 51. Deduct for ordinary and extraordinary expenses the Wilmington last year expenditures, less atioui ,- ' inder ' .fe'n""er ' . . for nrofits. but still onlv something imc uci percent. Let us look at another phase of the subject. VVe lose in consequence ot the failure ot me oasion roau : 1. . atK iiul pn.i f mull oirlfMintliwr uttll Ml deduction from the Wilmington estimate, To $230,- 000 swamping our previously estimated profits and putting the road or the State in debt about $150,000 annually. .... , . , , , - lot oi in isr " it nut' mnUinT the m Ion la lion ""a Vnanner. and usin -the md correct it out, making the calculation injj one or iwt terrurs uy itirreuuo iu tuo iaai icpi ' " . ..,. nnn : 1 o $411,214 54 auo j.uuu supposeu i increase, 15,000 00 $4264214 54 180,000 00 - Sublracl ,IlUjre8t on $3,000,000, 0, 1 Oi Kxpenses of Wilmington Road last year $171,232 33 less $23,000, 146,232 3 a I ton qo i I Which is upwardsof 3J percent. on the whole stock. But we have already paid interest (gilHO.OOOj on the original cost of the road, and consequently each stock holder has received sis dollars, or six per cent, on each share; now give them the additional 3$ per cent., or $3 25 a share, and they will have 9 per h:,w. ConSnen.lvJth State receives, on her twenty thousand shares, upwards of $185,000, and after paying interest ($120,000) on her $2,000,000 of bonds, pockets the nelt sum of .ba,UOU. Road will do that well. X. Y. Z. j . The Beauties and Viiitue or Courts. A work his recently been published by Lord Holland, in 1 which he shows up the inouarchsof Europe and their 1 . . cuuriv ... a manner iiim jruTrB iiini w no a j;icai , scandal monger and fibber, or tho courts of Europe to ' be no better than infamous bagnio. According to Lord Holland, tne tving oi uenmar was no Detter than a madman, who amused imnseii by arawmg ob- i scene pictures upon thecard tables at which the Queen ' Dowager sat; and on pretence of drinking toasts, j throwing wine in the face of his page who stood be- ' ninu ii.scna.r. ii is a.so sa.u ina. r reuer.cK ..-i of Prussia, not finding himself blessed with nis crown, piaceu in nis lamny a goou officer of engineers, to whose prepossessing , ppearanee the Queen was not long blind ; and the 1 handsome and accommodating chamberlain was in lhe habit of announcing annually to the King the birth of a prince, till one day, on announcing the laird, and receiving a handsome present, the King called him back, and thinking a raomen, said Three nm that's enough," and the chamberlain wa dismissed. According to Lord Holland, the Duke of York, Quetn Victoria s uncle married the daughter of the exile and divorced Queen of Prussia, by Muller, a musician, and the King of Prussia, endeavored to seduce the illegitimate daughter of his own wife; and Alexander of Russia, if he was not an accomplice in the murder of his father, was an accessory after the fact. He gives the court of Napoleon the credit 1 of being the least immoral and dissipated known in trance fof three centuries. Perhaps if he should lift the curtain and expose the secrets of the court of St. James, it would be about as interesting and scandalous as the courts of V 1. n.. 7? h vjuimueiiiai r.urope. c .1 -"" i Dreadful Whirlwind. A most frightful whirl- wind passed over a portion of the eastern section of ; this country, on Sunday afternoon between 3 and 3 j llcuiar8 incorrect. Messrs. Kent and Bland are con o'clock in the day. It seems to have taken its rise : . ' , n , . , A , . at Dunn' 8 mountain, three miles South-East of this place, and travelling in an Eastsrly direction, pros- trated almost every buildinor fairly in its path. Con siderable damage of this kind is reported to have been done ; and the destruction of timber and fences was complete. Even large stones were hurled from the places they had occupied since creation morn. It was fortunate that the track was narrow sometimes not exceeding seventy-five yards in width. Many persons who witnessed its passage and its ravages, say that tree tops and limbs of trees, fence rails, &c, whirled in the heavens like leaves and straw ; and accompanied with a dense smoke, and a roar almost equal to thnnder, formed a scene the most awfully sublime. Its fury was exhausted by the time it reached the Yadkin river, some eight or ten miles from the point of its rise. We have heard of no loss of life, either of man or beast. Salisbury Watchman, May 8. The Farmer. It does one's heart good to see a merry round faced fanner. So independent, and yet so free from vanity and pride. So rich, and yet so industrious so patient and persevering in his call ing, and yet so kind, sociable and obliging. There are a thousand nobta traits about his character. He is generally hospitible eat and drink with him, and he won't set a mark on you and sweat it out of you with double compound internet as some people I know will ; you are welcome. He -will do you a kindness without expecting a return by way pf compensation it is not so with every body. - He is usaahy more honest and sincere, less disposed to dal in to V and underhanded cunning, than many I could name. Ue gives to society its besl support its firmest pillar thav fupporis the edifice the of Government; he is the lord of nature. Look at him in his homespun and grey laugh 1st him if you' will, bat, believe me, he can laugh back if he pleases. - Whitewash equal to Paint. Take clean lumps of Welt burnt White Lime say C quarts; slake the same with bo Water, in a tub, covered to keep in the steam: Pass t irra fluid state, through a fine sieve, add one-fouith oi a pound of burnt Alum, pulverized, or Whiting, one pound of good Sugar, 3 pints good Rice, made in to a paste well boiled, 1 pound clean Glue, dissolved by first soaking well, then putting it into a large pot filled with -water the whole mixture. Put on the wash warqt outside, or cold inside. One .L..t Mvill ar... a .nil, m rrrA f-Tk. .mahJ n nn '. . I . VUIVI mjui JUi tfV BOVUIIU IfUQ V I should not be put on Under four or six days or until! the first ebal is thoroughly hardened. '' ' 1 ? -t 1 : i lr-:j, 1 " Harts, where is the horse? H into, kicked the traces operand Tu ' Hans, whom is the horse J "He brolce tho cfnhl Tun round the lam post m;t de corner grocery JiKe der tuyyel.""" ' Jfcr SEfll - WEEKLY. STANDARD. TU( Constitution .Ttd UnroB f the States: ?. ':' "Tkey must b Prcifrvtd''. "'-.a V . RALEIGH 'v ; WEDNESDAY. MAY 14, 1851. E" Mr. C. W. James, No. I, Harrisoi. Street, Cin cinnatU, Ohio,, is our General. Travelling Agent for the Western States, assisted by J. R. Smith, J. T. Dent, Jason Taylor, J, W. Armstrong, Perrin Locke, W. Ram say, Dr. Joshua' Wadsworth, Alex'r R. Laws, and A. J. Smiley. Mr. Henry M. Lewis, of Montgomery, Ala., is our General Travelling Agent for the States of Alabama and Tennessee. . - ' :: . i . " , : Mr. Israel E. James, No. 182, South Tenth Street, Philadelphia, is our General Travelling Agent, assisted by Win. H. Weld) John Collins. Jiimes Dcering, A. Kirk Wellington, E. A. Evans, John T. Judkins, P. Locke, Jos. Button, Geo.' P. Button, and Thos. D.' Nice. , ' Q-We are authorized to announce the Hon. ABRA HAM W. VENABLE, as a Candidate for re-election to Congress from the Fifth District, composed of the Counties of Granville, Person, Orange, Caswell, Ala mance, and Chatham. SOUTH CAROLINA CONVENTION. We devote a considerable portion of to-day's paper to extracts from several of our exchanges, containing r. - R'ffhts Convention. I his body assembled at Char- leston on tho 5th, and adjourned on the 8th instant, after passing a series of Resolutions declaring that Soulll Carolina cannot submit to the wrong and ag t rrrocoiAno X. h inh hotto Kuan MArnatMlftil in V av Kw Ilia v. j ... i l..i..t . r .u XT .1 :.u i cuciii uuvciuuiciik auu ino inuiiiiern ouiies, w 1111- ! out dishonor and ruin; expressing an earnest desire for lhe co.opera,ion of t,e other Southern States; af- j firminS the 2ht of a rtlate t0 se"de from the Union , as a necessa'y consequence of her sovereignty ; and j resolving that South Carolina should secede at some ! future day, though she should do so alone ; and call i inS on the LeSature to take the necessary steps to - j'vvj.iu w They ights acts readily pres- ble to cannot force public sentiment, and it is unquestionably the tact that a lare number ot our citizens have not i abandoned the hope that the South will yet receive justice or something approaching to justice without ' recourse to extreme measures. But be the event what : ln51v Ip, : kA rpnipnihprpfl that iVin Dikmncralir nnrtv ; has ever and boldly opposed the assumption of un- ' delegated powers by Ihe Federal Government and the agressions of the North. Had the efforts of Randolph and Macon and other staunch democrats been properly seconded and si stained when, more than thirty years ago, they predicted the very state of things which now exists, and declared that they wo Jj not y;eW thg jneteenth part of a hair, it had lhus w,lh u8' In the lZS f Langdon Cheves, "The philosophy of liberty is jealousy The proper action of patriotism is the earliest possi ijje resjstance to ihe slightest encroachment on the Pub,,c r,Shl8' e feel lbat 11 13 tune that thl8 ex citing question was settled, We may exercise forbearance, we may cry peace, peace, hut there is a lime when duty cries if you hnva Jinmamlv in vnn hiar it nnt. " It la rlim tn posterity that we should not be infirm of purpose and put off the evil day, but if we are involved in a sea of troubes let us bear the charter of our liberties in our , . . , , , . . , . . ,eelh and WIlb strong arms and determined spirits buffet the Waves hopinj to land on a secure and peaceful shore. , TlIE Machinist's Pocket Companion. Wa ten. 1 I 1 i, . , I : .. J uer our wbmi.. anu Davenport of New York, publishers, for the Pocket Companion for Machinists, Mechanicsand Engineers, ! b Oliver Byrne. This is a auimnary of valuable 1 . - Z. ... . j . . , information for practical men, students, apprentices :( and amateurs, in the department of knowledge to .which it is devoted. Among its principle features are .'tables of weights and measures, an almanac for all present and future, wheelwork, proper- I J. . . . . . t:es ot iron, tin, copper, a universal thermometer, and rules for calculating the strength and dimensions I of various kinds of steam-engines. It is beautifully ; embellished with steel engravings of the locomotive, I the steamboat and the stationary engine. Mr. Byrne is the Editor of the "Dictionary of machines, me ichanics, military, and civil engineering," &c. It is neatly printed on good paper, 12 mo. 150 p p, mail edition one dollar. MAIL CONTRACTS An article quoted in the last Standard from the Goldsboro' Republican, we learn, is in several par- j tractors on the route from Raleigh to Greensborough, 'and not Messrs. Springs and McLean. The contract from Raleigh to FayetuviKe is for daily service and not tri-weekly. VVe also learn there is no intention with the De partment to change tbe Northern mail via Rocky mount, but will be carried as heretofore on the Ral eigh and Gaston Rail Road. The Cincinnati Catholic Herald asserts positively that Bishop Hughes has been made a Cardinal. The Herald saysi " VVe have the pleasure to announce that the rank of Cardinal has been positively confer ed before now on Archbishop Hughes, by his Holi ness, Pius IX. . riie day fixed for this important and most interesting ceremony was that dedicated to Ireland's patron saint. .? Visitors to the. World's Fair. Our towns man, Mr. John Kane, 6ailed from New York on the 8th inst. in the packet ship Devonshire, direct for London. The Wilmington Herald of the 10th inst. says : ' - ' ; " Messrs. S. P. Polley and John Baker, of this place, accompanied by M. J. Faison, of Sampson, will leave New York to-day in the steamer Pacific for the World's Fair. Up to Friday night, the 9th instant, we have had an unusually cold spring. Thermometer ranging at &ty degrees and below. But on Saturday last it rose eighty one, and has been as high as eighty six degrees during the middle of the day . ever since, which is our common summer temperature. Wind S. W., cleat and growing warmer each day. ! ' Gov. Reid has appointed L. O.. Branch and Sam'l H. Young, Esquires, Directors of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, to supply the vacancies occa sioned by the resignation of Perrin Busbee and Linn B. Saunders, Esquires.- f . 7 vr e y-; '-' " n'.. 1 . Yadkin County. A vote was taken on the 8 th instant In Sorry Coanty,1: by which its division and the forming' of. a new County tq be sailed Yadkin, was confirmed by a large majority ' Afine location, for the Court House has been selected one mile eat ' of Ddwelltown:'1 j COTTON POWER OF THE SOUTH. . tfThe New .York Herald, in drawing a comparison between the political power of" the North and the cotton power of the South, remarks i ? ; ;! ' ' I Does any one doubt the extent of the cotton pow er, or of its ability to tear up, even to the smallest fibre, the cankerous root ot abolition, let him only study the troe natore of the infliction which the with drawal of the Southern trade from Boston has put up on Boston during tbs past season. That city could have better afforded to have given the entire product of the gold mines of California, for the past year, to me BDOiiuomsts, man 10 nave nau mir action ana agitation. It has cost them more, and will cost them still more, now that they have elected Sumner. The retribotion of the South is a fearful one, but it is prop er. It is just. When men break their political faith all ths pledges of the compact and constitution under which they have agreed to live they cannot expect that honest and high-minded men will respect them. On the contrary, they must "expect lhat they will have no communication with them. This is now the case. The chivalry of the whole South is arous ed by the avowed determination of sections of the North toaleail their rights, as defined by the consti tution. That chivalry is something stronger and deeper than the mock morals which originated the anti-masonic excitement, and which, failing in that, has now taken up the abolition cause for political ef fect. It is an abiding and sincere sense of honorand justice and it will array that tremendous cotton pow er, which can move the world, and even revolutionize it, in such hostility against political presumption, that many Northern cities will be made to suffer. The instinct of a great people, in such a case, as our South ern neighbors will show, will be beyond the common ways and means which might be devised to cripple enemies. They will see where they can benefit those who are opposed to them, and they have the spirit to cut all benefit off, if not by individual skill, animated by warm feelings, then by a chivalrous and solemn league, which, knowing its power can bend a large portion of the world to its will, at the cost of only slight retrenchments and sacrifices. If, in view of this subject, any one doubts the power of the South to touch the pocket (which is the soul) of those who are arrayed against her interests. let him remember the thousands npon thousands of ooutnern la mines who pour, during the summer months, millions of dollars into the lap of the North. Last summer they avoided the infected districts of the North ; and daring the present season they will not be found, we venture to say, carrying their wealth for distribution into western New York, where aboli tion conventions and free soil hothouses aie as plen tiful as potato hills. Neither will they extend their journeys into New England. The soil of these places can have no charms for them. The people will be disagreeable to them. They wi!I not wish to associ ate, much less spend their money, with those who, through the.ballot-box, would sneakingly rob them of their rights and property, as guarantied to them by the constitution. On the contrary, despising the spirit of every section which has devoted itself to under mine their security, and to steal their goods from them, they will have too hi;h a sense of just pride, even in search of personal comfort and relaxation, to distribute their wealth among their foes. No the cotton power will show what it is a power beyond political power beyond the money power of the North patient as well as valiant in the chivalrous spirit of protecting itself, and forming a compact of intentions which will confine its power of benefitting the country to those sections of it which are ready to maintain inviolate the sacred compromises of tbe con stitution. THE FUTURE. The Richmond Examiner concludes an able article on the compromise in the following strong language " The people of the North, by a vast majority, are determined on the downfall of all legal barriers which protect the institutions of the Southern States. That people hate us, their people hate us, their leaders hale us, their children are bred op to accomplish our rain. Of what account is a fugitive slave law to the South, when from the necessity of the case it must be enforced among the people and by that people's officers This reflection, from the first rumor ot the proposed law, sufficiently assured all men who were not determined to be deceived that the whole affair was a swindle a thimble-rig a stool-pigeon business. No man in the Congress which passed the bills did not know that. Yet the gain of this thing of straw is the excuse which they give for surrendering a ter ritory which would have thrown the balance of pow er entirely into Southern hands, and secured the Union from all the storms which all the fanatics, of all the Bostons, could raise in the next hundred years. " As it stands, the face of the future is far differ ent. Clouds, shadows, . and darkness rest npon- t, These are, indeed, but the beginning of sorows. ' How the South is to defend itself any more we can not tell. Every day increases the preponderance against us. Hemmed in a 1 united space, with all the world against us, and a crusade preached for our overthrow more fanatical, more powerful, and more fearless than that which Peter the Hermit stirred up a thousand years ago, we will secure our indepen dence only through oceans of blood and fire. We may hope that some fortunate interposition of events will belie the indications ot the present time ; but that the facts now extant alt point to a terrible future can no more be doubted than the existence of these facts is attributable to the Congress which compro mised the Constitution. " The Virginia Convention. The Virginia Con vention, after a four day's speech from Henry A. Wise, on the subject of the laws of representation, has adopted a rale Hunting all speeches to one hour in length. The Convention has rejected the white basis of representation for both Houses, by a vote of G5 to 56, and has rejected the mixed basis by a vote or 61 to 60. A plan is now before the Convention for the organization of the House after the white ba sis, and the senate upon Federal numbers. The Convention is prolonging the debate on the basis question until members can hear from their constitu ents in certain quarters. Twenty-four Cities. The New Orleans papers are hardly satisfied with the census of lhat city. The Bulletin says that in 1840 the population of New Orleans and Baltimore was within a fraction of be ing alike, New Orleans then numbered 103,000 souls, and Baltimore 102,313. Boston then had popula tion of 93,382, and Cincinnati 4 6 68 a. Now the relative position is as follows : Ballhrrore' 169,025, Boston 138,788, New Orleans 116,407, and Cincin nati 116,168. Of twenty-four cities, each with a pop ulation of over 20,000, we find that the rate of increase has been less in New; Orleans than in any of the re maining twenty-three. . The Presbyterian Assemblies. The Old School General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, of the United States, will hold its -next anuual session at St. Louis, May 15th. On the same day, the New School General Assembly will commence its session at New York. Among the delegates to the latter is Hon. J. R. Giddings, who was appointed by .the Grand River Presbytery, to agitate the Slavery ques tion.'" '' ' " '"''''. ; Phineas T. Barnum, the great "Nowhere,"; has, it is reported, purchased Andalusia, the country seat of the late Nicholas Biddle. . It is located- near Bristol, on the Pennsylvania bank of the Delaware river. So he will be ' nowhere" no longer, bat residing in one of the most magnificent private residences in the country. J- The largest individual tax paid in New York is by William BAstor. Last year he paid into the City Treasury le sam of twenty-three thousand eight hun dred and ninety two dollar, for taxes. . The assessed value-of his property in the city is $2,60o000., j . ' ' - ' Hon. Daniel Webiler is expected 'in New York on the 13th, h is said to address the citizens,' : The invitation to him is signed by' fiver or six; thousand; - -V A names. LITERARY NOTICE. The worUofthe late Edgar Allan Poe,tvUk ," hi Life andgeniu bu M P. W7U r ."f mi '", in laree volume. Pomerov. ""Kilt l Thie is ihe first attempt to collect the entire . of Edgar A. Poe. His Tales, Poetry, notice, S Literati, and essays are so oniversally known, thr the medium of the variooj magazines to which0?11 was at different times a contributor, that we shall attempt any criticism of them, but confine onrselv0' to a few words respecting the life of this remarka!? and unfortunate genins, which is prefixed to the.!, ? volume, by R. W. Griswold. ri Poe'a well known inability to restrain, himself fr the immoderate use of stimulants, has often l,01 Commented nnnn li. tl,n a; IT . . . en and more than nntA ha,fl llln k.n.J .1 -.. ",J uiueieu papers oi the da. w i.caiu me remark thu he only wrote under the influence of gin." Weh seen it stated that "The Raven," so remarkable? its originality, subtle conception and great simpli of detail and description "The Gold Bug," w;th masterly method and ingenuity "The horrors of I Descent into the Maelstrom,' and the " Fall of th House of Usher," with its solemn and stately t, were all conceived and penned when he was m than half drunk. . And we doubt not that the pre lence of this opinion has caused many an author T cloud the brightness of bis intellect, in the vain effWt to give clearness to argument and brilliancy to by the excitement of intoxicating drink. ' We are therefore happy to see that both GriswoM and Willis have done away with this f.ilacy.by plajn. ly stating that it was only when perfeetly sober that Poe was the high-minded, refined, intellectual je tleman, which some of the productions of his pen pro?e him to be. Willis goes so feras to say, (puttintrthe words in italics,) that a tingle glass if wine seemed to raise a demon in his breast, and caused him to a pear the bitter misanthropic character, which he to uiusu uau me crei.ik 01 ueing. Griswold's memoir of him is a warning to all yoamr men, particularly those who are ambitious of literary distinction, to abstain from all intemperance. Lefta destitute orphan at an early age, he was adopted by a wealthy gentleman, who, but for his continued in temperance and ill conduct, would doubtless have left him, at his death, independent. As it was, hisname was not mentioned in his adopted Father's will, and he was obliged to support himself by his pen. T. W. White of the Southern Literary Messenger, Mr. Burton of the Gentlemen's and Mr. Graham of Gra ham's Magazine, were all obliged, though charmed with Poe's genius, to dismiss him from their employ ment on acc'ount of his intemperance. He was more than once raised by those who respected and admired his abilities, from the depths of degradation and want, only to fall back, if possible, still lower. His death is a warning to all drunkards, and shiws the danger of even one single relapse after i partial reformation. He had joined the Temperance Society in Richmond, Va., and showed by his conduct the earnestness of his intention to reform. For some time he continued steady, and was on his way to New York, to make arrangements for his second marriage, when, stopping in Baltimore for a few hours he en tered a hotel, and finding some acquaintances there, was induced to take a tingle glass if wine. The us'ial consequences ensued, and alter a night of insanity and intoxication, he was carried to a hospital and died a few days after. The subtle demon of intoxi cation wound his serpant-like folds around him until he was crashed in its Anaconda coils. His writings are remarkable for theis original in genuity and intricate mechanism, and we forget the improbability of some of his Tales, in ouradtniration 1: - c . . . 1 . 01 ine simplicity 01 siy.e, minuteness 01 uescripilon, and apparently scientific explanation he gives of his many wonders and horrors. In his own account of the composition of the " Raven," we perceive the method with which he wrote, and cannot suppose it Itiln C It wn . n l n . n ...nml mil mnflnl ..'l.llii vqbiuic iui iiiiu .u uaicuiiitcu wu. tua. lucuiuu huiib under the excitement of gin. - While we deplore his faults, we cannot but admire his genius. '" There is as much excuse for his intem perance as can ever be arged for any one. Feeble in body, he was yet obliged to coin his brain for daily oread, and write whether he teit like it or not. 11 overcome by exhaustion, he flew to stimulants for re lief. One glass aroused a demon whose thirst was insatiable. . Let his fate be a warning to all young men. Another World's Fair. The Paris Correspon dent of the Journal of Commerce mentions that tlie King of Belgium has issued a decree for a universal, exhibition, at Brussels, of objects of art and work of living artists, on the 13th of next August. It is. meant to attract a part of the concourse at London to the Belgian capital. Long editorial essays abound in tne r rencn journals, w jjiuio i o jjhiuu ahi bilion should be undertaken, for July, in Paris. The London World's Fair is limited to four months. In July, he says, the French metropolis will over flow from the British ; two hundred millions francs may have been thrown in circulation in England, yet n : . . . 1 n-n n..,n f.nm lltA l rtttt ff Q 11 fl- gers. - Gen. Santa Anna. The Kingston Standard (Ja maica) of May 1st says: We learn, from undoubt ed authority, that Gen. Santa Anna will leave Car- thagena in this month for the Island, en route to. Mexico, where it is expected he will he again elected President." This is dubious. We had heard pre--vious to this, that the redoubtable General had given up politics altogether, and had gone into the chicken business on an extended scale ; and was contented to be considered the most successful cocker in all Co lumbia.' " TtoW. Paces'. Mills."." We learn that it is the inten--ton of the Posmoster-Genera! to have all the news paper mail-bag recently contracted for -closed by locks, instead of being merely tied, as has been the practice heretofore. This is an excellent arrangement, and wiS insure greater security, to this class of maili matter. The cost to the Department will no doubt, be greatly increased1 in the 'first instance, bot the change is a very judicious one, and the public con-, venience will certainly be greatly promoted by iu Sporting Intelligence, ' The New York Spirit of the Times, oi the 26 ultimo, contains the challenge from Mr. Johnson, who hails from the interior of Massachusetts, in which be offers to bet $1,000 that he has a colt, not yet four years old, that can trot one mile in harness in 2.25-71,000 that he can trot five miles in 13 minutes $1,000 that he can trot 20 miles in 69 minutes, 1 1,000 that he can beat Mac, or nj other trotting horse two miles heats, best three in.; fivei to liamess all the bets to be taken, or none. " A Monster Balloon. Mr. Wise, the great Am-' riean ssroBaut and distinguished author on the art of ballooning, has now in preparaOoB a monster balloon, holding fifty thoasand eabio feel of gas, and capable of carrying op sixteen persons of one hundred pounds eaeh. ; He expects to bare.U ready for ascension from Philadelphia ahpqt the first of Jane. , - The Telegraph wires have been extended to Golds- borough, m this State. -n 1 ra t, v . ' . ' '.