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\ voteron the party op yopr class MONTANANEWS OWNEDAND PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIALIST PARTY Of MONTANA abolish tiik cap^^italist system VOLVII fry HELENA,MONTANA, THURSDAY, NOV. 5, 1^0K. NO.2. SocialistParty MakesSolid Gains MeagerReturns Show a Substantial Growth^Thousands^Disfranchised^Unemployed Debarred From Expres^^sion at the Ballot -New York Gains Fifteen^Per Cent^Socialists Encouraged. Hpi'iaI to Montana News. nkwYtiUK. nov 4.-- -KETI'rns ait ^ mo m racer TO maki: an ESTIMATEOW TIIK VllTK IN Till; east, IUT A HJBVIAMTtAti 1N- t'KKAKK IH AStil'rkd (iltKATKK^NKW VUHK CAINS AN Ii TIIK^STATE WILL GIVR AN 1N-^^' 11 KASK (^k AT LEAST 15 PER^I 'KNT. SVRAt'l'SK. BCM knk^ '-^TADY, AND JAMESTOWN REPORT^OKEATEST IWKKASKS KILQUIT^HAS MUM DKKKATKD in TIIK^NINTH DISTRICT KOR t '(iMiUSS^RtWfJRLKAMI k.nii-'kd tiikii:^OWN CANDIDATE t^^ SP PPORT a^i lEMc ^^ 'It at ANI^ Pit EVENT THE^ELECTION OP a SOCIALIST. CON-^NKi'THTT CITIES a It k MOVUM^TP WELL, ESPECIALLY HAItT-^POHI^. HRIXJEPORT AND DAN-^ItlltV. MASS At 'iii SETTS WILL^MAKE A Pooit SIKiWINC EVI^^DENTLY: ONLY LYNN AND WOR^^CESTER So ka 11 KEPOKT ^ 5 AiNS^PENNSYLVANIA It E PORTS INDI^^CATE PINI INCItKASE. PITTS-^ItCltC.. PHILADELPHIA. NKW-^CASTLK. JOHNSTOWN. HAItltlS-^Hl'ltC. M AKIN'! SOLID QAIRR it^IS HCOLUI THAT SEVEKAL^LAIHiK CITIES HAVE I'ALLEN^(IKK in \ ^^te AMIHST A BBMBRAL^i N^ 'It EASE. AMONt! THESE CITIES^A It E NKW HAVEN. i'iiNNKc'THTT,^ROCH KSTEIt. n Y . SPRINC.KIKLD.^MASS , AND PORTLAND. MAINE^NO CANDIDA IKS A 111 AS YET ItE-^POUTED AS ELECTED. Evening ('all ItY\ M.LI oorxTi. Hamilton.' Dobs,6x; Dun. an. 50: llnz. Iton. IL pomi i.l. OOUNT1. 0\uiulo. MahlcIS. Pliitt 14, Schnlck 14. Dun^^can 1 :. Ha/.. Hon 1 :, Ituz2. ll ^, M.urj^14. Harve v PI. Pai r 14. I*mv. r^ 1 :.^Castle |t, Lynns 14. (ill. hr. st l :.^HillinKs IS. AmIn tli.' custom at all . lection* the^Socialist returns ar. not reported to^any ^ xt.-nt and it In impossible at this^^lal. to give a satisfactory estimate-^of thi- vote, except as It ik m nt In^by socialists. Simonsof Chicago claims that^Itryun got a large |.art ot 11^^ vot. that^Hi nl to the Socialists lour w arn ago.^Chicago Ik reported lx.000 ^h.ha^^lour years ago it wan 47.00tl. Oregongives ::.S00 l..r De-bs. It Is^r. port, d that Milwaukee- has lost^votes although the report In not con^^firmed. 4.\I.L \TI\ 4 '^ U \TY.^Manhattan. It.low you will fin.l a lint ^.i th- So^^cialist candidates Mi the- numb, r at^votes each r. ^^^ Ivod in precinct No. 4.^Manhattan. I was appointed as mi^^of th^- Judge s. tli^ I' lore I know that^thi.- i ^unt in correct. I hop.- that all^of th. other locals will In- ;iI,]. to put^Up iik many votes a. cording to th- n^si/.i as w. hav.. CI I AS M^ ^NRoE.^Mal.ic .'0. Piatt N, R hnlck 20. Dun-^i'iiii .'a. Mar.. It on I'.i. Huitx.ll 19. Maurv^1^. Ilurv.y 19. Parr 19. Powers 19.^Castl. 19. Lyons 19. p.ugh 19. OR*^chr.-st IR Billings 1^. Krus. 19. It. el^^l/del 19. Peacock is. Top. I D. C.irr^17. Pulh v 17. II..it IL Rushanier 17,^W. rn^ r Hi. McKusk.r 1.^.. I'..\ 1.^..^Corn, lius is. Sort nson II. Bowles !^; Loiul.iird.Mont.. Nov.^Montana N^ ^^: IIn r. I^\ tiv. \.ui ih. otii.'ial rota of^l/iml^nl. Mont. I),nun rsls It. pobHc-Hns 1' . So.^c i a I1s i - 1. Thr..I.gal Socialist voters, includ^^ing myself had t^. go out of town t..^vot.. and did bo. H'c.the niimlii r^ of th. Socialist^pWty at this plae-e- can positively si.it.^that there arc Is more here who^would have voted the straight Sod ^list^ticket if It hadn't I.. . n lor be ing dis-^lianchised by the on. -^.ar limit in the^state. tntEELEYIt A K Kit.^SIM PS^ IN M AXWKLL.^ALKHKD DOTAL PartyMenih. i - .ILL\ i in on \ n MaiMllow.Mi tit.. .Nov 4^Moiitnna \ w*: Phase tinil In low th. vote* of^.M.ill.How pi. cincta for the h.a-1 ot the^tUtU t: It.puhll. ans 1#. DcraU 19, So^^cialist* 3. Thisis an ind' p. lid. nt American^farmer product and th. \ know noth^^ing al.out Socialism. J.P. CAINE. thi'.markets nr.- a Imttl.tield on^whi^ h the capitalists must tight each^oth. r lor a shun in the spoils of 1a-^I^i r 'lie-pro., ss and progress of capl-^^MiMn In ^ \ ^ ry ti. Id of lalmr results^In a class struggle, merciless and lir^ -^ItVMlbiv, whu h can only MM| with th-^ail ^ t ol socialism. U7CIAMSANIAL. THEANTIQUITY OF TRADE^UNIONISM CHOTRAO(dlAiv. I'orlItculoti. Mal.ie.In; Piatt, v: S^ hni. k. 9:^Duncan. .^.; lla/.elton. .'.; BtMBPlI, 10;^Maur\. 9; llar\. \. |; I'.irr. I; Powers.^10; Castle. X; Lyons. 9: p. ugh. 7; QRa^dir. st. 7: Hillings. ^;^ Hush. 7: Hag. n.^17. Thompson. 4; Swason, 4; Hrunn. r.^4: N\str..m. Ityan. 7; Martin. S;^K. rliiach, 4; Mill. r. ^; ^;..ss. 7;^Donahue. MIAI It how 4 Ol NTY. Haxdton.1901; Muicz. II. IS::^;^Maury, NTI; Harvey, jii7; castl.-, -In..; I.^..ns. ^114; Ainlitor. I'lirmn.^17;7; Constahles, Davis. !^^;,:^; .John^^son. 1 7 77 ; Clerk and lt.cor.hr.. O-^Hrl. n. 17s4: Puhlic Administrator.^St. nl.. rg. 17S9; County Commissioner.^Ph rce. 1X47; Railroad Commissioners.^!'^ ughC.ihhr.st. 11.'4. Hillings. 1*7*;ci.rk of Court. Holiinson. 177^;^i iiunly Attorney. o Alalley, 1914;^Jmlg. s. M. Hugh 1771, Ja^ol.son 1937;^s'nv.vor. Sherman. 1768; Assessor,^c,,x, lxx:!; Justices. A m I.ros. J095.^Mi Mimui 1*71; School Superintendent.^Edith Clinc h, 17S!; Treasurer. James^J Pagan, 1729; Sheriff, Harv.y A.^Smith. l::^4. Philadelphiapolled l,IM vot.s. a^gain of 1S9X. Reports show a n. t^gain of SO p. r c. nt In counti. s alma^the \,(te iM compl. t. . St.Louis polled K'.OOO vot. s. StateSecretary Comrade Harris of^N.va.la reports the , xpulsion of Pat^^rick Tooh.y ot Local Cohlti.ld lor^tr^ ason to the caiiae, having fused^with the Ind. p. nd. nts' h agu. . PRODUCTIVEAND UNPRODUC^^TIVE LABOR WhtitIs the share of lahor in Its^product | Thesocial Importance and economic^clmract. r of the prohh-m frxpicntly^stated In thla form are surtlchntly^ol.vlons. Put In ord.r to fully un-^deraUmd th^' prt^.sa through which^the soltAlon of It was reached. It la^tirst necessary to cl.arlv .llstlngulsh^hdwe. ii produi tlve and unproductive labar, Bythla expression. PltoDlCTIVE^la It* ^lt. Is meant every kind of hu^^man exertion, physical and mental, aatlatii^ i^^alrnl to produce ma^^terial wealth, and to transport^Mai dlstril.utc RM portion of that^wealth which Is produced at a dis^^tance (raM tin plans where It is con^^sumed or otherwlae us. il. Nootlni lahor Is einhodled In ma^^terial products Cons. Mtieiitly no^oth. r lahor Is a la. tor In the value- of^thos. products. There fore, all oth. r^lahor must I., termed unproductive in^th. strictly economic sense of the^won!, although bMM parts of It tsucli.^lor Instance, as tin artistic-, tin- educa^^tional, and tin medical professions),^ar. soc ially useful, or h. n. llch nt, or^^ v en Incllspi nsahle. OhMerv.that Hi. remuneration of^He v al lahor w hlch is termed 1 un^^productive. ^ and which chlelly conslts^In domestic, personal and certain^kinds of prolissioiial service, must of^necessity take the form of material^produc ts. It la therefore derived, di^^rectly or Indirectly, from productive^lahor. without which the unproduc^^tive worke rs, hs w.-II as the non-wurk-^, is, ceiuId not e nisi. It cornea directly^from that source when the service is^i. nd^ red to a productive worker and^la paid lor out of his share In the^value of his product; and Indirectly^wh. n Ha s. rv lo- Is re-ndcred to an ex- ploitcr of lahor and paid for ^ ut of^Ills prolit. observealso, in this connection,^that the rates of wug.s in unproduc^^tive occupations un . upon tin- whol .^dc t. rmltie d hy the rates of wage s In^prod active employ me nts. I'nelerthe- io.nl of productive lahor^com. a the labor usefully e mploy. ^l in^the productive process, s of tin bil^^lowing industries: Agriculture, for^^estry, milling,, epuirrying. fishing, man^^ufacturing and the hand trades; also,^as stated above. In transporting ami^distributing their products. ofthe :'9.07::.ooo persons. || yaan^ohl and ove r, n p.erte d in tin- census^of 1900 aa ^ ngag. el in occupations^20,L'e] 4,000 c-ontllbiltiil to th. produc^^tion of mate rial Wealth. Hut i-vtt in^that v.ar tie . . i pit it 11st prosperltv,^^May of tliem could ge t no employ-^MM lor inor. or k M . \ti nde d p. i i- e.llsof tlllle. I'nelertin- head of uiiproe! uellv e la- barmay M sp.ciaiiv m. mioned: . Theills. I, styled ^labor.'' econ^^omically useless and soc ially harmful,^of persons figuring In tin- c , iihiis .i-^c hl. l participants in the actual work^of producing, transporting ami ellstri-^leuting wealth, but win..-, only actlvltv^in connection with the productive in^^dustries consists In . xploltlng tin r. al^workers and In .1. vising sdn in. a for^tin ^ nlarg. in. lit of their own |tivat.^possessions; such pons, sshuis c nabling^them, aa ^captains of Industry.^ ^mer^^chant princes.^ ^ railroad kings,^ etc.,^to eh spotlcally gov .in product Ion. to^arbitrarily determine the avenues and^conditions of c tuple.) m^ nt, to uiS.ng-^fully appropriate oil the- fruits ol yra*^iluctlv. labor over and above tin pit^tunc- re epilred to ban ly sustain the^III.- of the workers In their absolute^^lc pc-nde nc. . ami ^ \ ^ 11 to In artl. sslv^throw vast numbers of them Into en^^forced idhmss and rstroma povartj .'.Likewise the falsely styhd ^la-^bar^ eif speculators in stocks, bonds,^produce, real estate, i-tc, and, in aihll-^tlon, tin- actual labor of the many ac-^countants. clerks, messengers, agents, to., dlr.-etly or indirectly emplov..l^by tin m and thus diverted from ao-^. lally useless pursuits. :t.The- obviously unproductive la^^bor of domestic servants, soldiers,^lavvv.rs and many other occupations^induce d by the- social conditions and o, si c|u. iit mod. a of life- und.-r c apl-^ta lisin. 4.The lar^e amount of labor^which, epialillccl lor productive- work^bj its training in industrl. s and trades,^al i ^ pt out ed' employment and the-rc-^Ic.re wasted. Th.total value of production In^1900 was f J 4. .'.(Ml. 000.000. The total^value- of the labor pow.r us. d in pro^^duction was 15.x I.'..(inn.tiOO. There^^fore- the share of productive labor in^Its product, as It app. are el In the cen^^sus year 1900 was 2:!.74 per cent, or^h ss than one MMcTMF. Tin- exploiters^of produc tive labor rcce Iv.cl 76.24 pe-r^. . nt of its prod net. Thissummarv glaringly . xposes In^tin iiuht of Its dry figures the capi^^talist process of labor exploitation.^Take n as a body the productive work-^^ ra get less than one-quarter e^f the^product of the-lr lahor power, while^the capitalists, taken as a body, Kd^moTV than three ,in.nt. is of that pro^^duct. It la thus plainly seen that all^lUnl t comes li'om iiaving for labor^pow.r a has value- than It produces.^Hut the division ol that enormous^mas. of profit among the Individual^no tubers of the- capitalist claaa re^^el ulr,.-a another process which in the^pi-s nt state id' capitalist organlxa-^tlon Is carried on by means of thre e^inn i Lets; nanu-ly. a primary market,^wh. r^- the product, consisting chlelly^in raw mate rial, la sold at the places^ot production: a wholesale market,^when the proilue-t. consisting partly^hi tn.ct.-rlals and partl.v In llnlsli. d ar^^ticles, Is sedd In I.in:, blocks; and the^llnal market, w Inn- the. product la^sold at retail to the- consumers. These- KMLRO.%1) I MPLOt KM \NI^ ^o- (I UM M.^(l.y Eugi in- V. i^ ha. l^Railroad employe ^ in train s.-rvii-c^dr.- p. thups mof- thoimighiv- organ-^bii d than MM! the we.rbm in any other^it partaker at ot industt^. A. ^ ..r.llng to^th.- r- port ol tin mi. rstat- BaMMMVa^oommission, in l'pn. there were in^roiinei nuiube rs ltftt#*M train service^i-iiipb.y. a oie th. railroads ot tn^-^BBiti d Slab s. the. classification includ^^ing ^ aftaeer*. Ilrcme n. conductors.^Irai'ioi. n, ami switchmen In the^^ ttin. v.at tin- organizations of these^re-p. . in.- class,, s of employes report, 'i^a i on,idned iin intii rshlp of 279.000. A^^mall percentage of this membership^la in- lonsrcr employed in railroad ser-^vic- and another small percentage Is^employ.d in Canada and Me xic o. De^^ducting 2S.000 freent the- total me-mb.-r-^ahlp to cove r these Ite ms (and this^ma^ I-.- taken as a liberal allowance!^it will be s.. n that but .'ll.OOo of the^total numbe r of train serv ice employes^in tin- I'nlt-el States am unorganized.^It is pe-rfe ctly safe- to say that at h-ast^^ S p. r ce-nt eel this unorganize d bo.lv^la compos. .1 of young and im-xpe ri-^e*ttc-. el mi n who have- ne^t l^^^en long; e-lloilghin the se rvice to be-ceeme- eligi^^ble i,,r membership in tin- organiza^^tion- of tin lr r.-sp. ctlve- class, s. Pro-^iMibiv not more than on.- p. r cent of^the train service ^ mployc s on th.- rad^^io, la. ..I tli. I'riit. el Stat-s. w ho are^c-ligibb- to no nibei'ship in the various^organisations, r. mains unorganized. N'otwitlistaneling this v. ry comph t^^org.,nHmttoa it is somewhat paradox^^ical that railroad ^ mph.vcs as a rule^ar.- d. ns. ly ignorant at tin r. al spirit^and purpose of the- trade- union move ^^nt- nt. The y know v. ry litth ce.nce-rn-^ing the traditions and pi incipl. s of un^^ionism and absolutely nothing of its^histois. (II economics tiny are- as^art-fitI* ss ..I Knowledge as bale S. It IS^Man tin ; hav. be. n taught that the-^man w ho take s the job of another who^is on strik. is a scab, hut this t.-ae lilng^has its limitations and qualifications,^as it is not consul, red disgrac e tul for^the members of one organization to^take th.- plac-. s of striking m.-inb. rs ot^anothe r organization vv In n th. v hav,^agreements with their employers ea-^t.c Idishing lates of wages and condi^^tions ,,| labor for a stated period of^lime-. In oth. r words, it is considere d^at mot-.- importance to maintain the-^so-called sac roilin ss of contract than^to le nd assistance end support to fel^^low wage-workers in time of si tike. InInn with this polic-v we find the^. ngin. - i s taking the place s of striking^nr. nu n on the Southern Padlic. and^assuring the managers of the Norfolk^.V Western during th^- ivc m threat-^. in d strike of the fir. lio n that if the^tire im n want out they (the engineers!^would guarantee that th. trains would^In kept moving. W^- also tind the-^trainmen taking tin- places of switch^^men wh.-neve r the latte r strike- for b. t-^t^ r wage* or more bearable conditions^of employment, always 1.1, ailing ti.-^in c. sslty of keeping their agreements^witli the railroad companies to re lieve^th. iiis. lves of the odium of scabbing^Tin- Sw Itehm. n s union, by the way. Is^the only on, of the railroad brother^^hoods that is altiliateel with the Amer^^ican I-'- eh ration of Labor, A proposi-.^IMI to art hat. with the I. deration Vai pUt t'l a Vote o| tile lll^ IllberS of thel-'lieinen Hrotln rhooil | t.vv ^. .a- ago,and was defeated h\ a large ma^^jority. With tile possible exception of tile SwItc hnn n s union cadi ml the railroad^organizations Is run on the. tin oi v^that the Int. r. sts of labor and capital^ar identical P. M. Arthur, who was^for many years before- his death chief ofthe Engineers llrolh.-rliI. alwavs soughtto ke. p hla organization tree^from what he- deii.innnat.il .man^^gling alliances'' with other organiza^^tions Mr. Arthur's teaching, which^was accepted us the Inspired utt- rain ,^of supe-rhiiiuan intelligence lev Hi.^m. others of his organization ge nerally,^was that a four dollar a day man has^no interest In c .million with a two dol^^lar a day man Mr. Stone, the- present chiefelf tile e Ugillee-rS, is II We.rtllV pu^^pil of his predecessor in office-, and In^general It ma} with truth be said that^the spirit of c lannlslin. ss and isolation^whl. h finds . xpiosslon in Mr Arthur s^leaching la to all lute nts and purposes^the ruling principle, of tin- railroad or^^ganizations todav Howlittle they are In touch with tin^spirit ami purpose of (he g. ,n ral labor^movement may he Inferred from the-^lad that. In response to public demand^for protection against railroad accl-^denta, our capitalist congress recently Miieilillli.il on fa-.-. 2 Col. I) FlavinsjMwaatM in his history of^the .i.-vvs mak'.s . lain.rat. mention of^Solomon's t-niple. as having been^built In a large- c!. gr. a by the trad.-^unions under Hiram, a man of . s-^ttaoi diiiarv skill in tin- huihling era Its.^Nut w ilting to icci-.-pt our n^n Int. r-^pi-.-tation eif Josephus. w.- refe-r the^^re am r to tin- r^ niurks of rjranl. r upon^this Mbject; aa he a. e ins t.( hav. s. t-^tl. d it that tin y w. r. organiz d^trades. Litth-doubt csn l^^- i nt- rtaim d that^iron, at the time of Numa (700 B. C),^was also in use In Rome Y'ct then-^is no mention mad.- Ih proof that^Numa org.ini7.e cl the fe rrarli or iron^v ot ke rs, of w hom ore-Ill furnishe-a two^itis. i-iptlons. one of which re presents^a ge nuin^- trade union, which proves^beyond any counter e vidi-nce- that th^-^iron work'-rs Wwt* organlxed. Putabundant evidence exists in th-^lat. r laws r- striding organization,^and tins.- dubs stand among the. ex^^cused in th.- list of thirty-five- unions^of th.- cod.- of Theodosius. If any^further doubt can possibly remain as^to the- use of Iron by blacksmiths,^forge rs and finish, rs at the tim^- of^Numa, w.-'have only to re f^-r the critic^^ei Horn. r. and the- celebrated historic^inscription called th^- Arun.b lian slab,^also to the Bible. Br.ad was another commodity, the^supply of which b^ cam^- largely the^task of the trade unions from ve-ry^early time s. The ancient method of^baking dirf. r..l litth- from that of th^^present clay. The ancb-nt bakera' un^^ions, then. w. a* in n^ al ly all respects identicalwith the bake-ra' unions In^New York city toelav. Whav abundance of testimony^regarding the- unions of bakera. A^ear-pan aaatlllarinrom mentioned by^Muratori was on.- c I th ^ pcst-Chrla-^tiaa c-omiiiunes Th ^ p.ntiilat .i wrra wmtfactann .if ialaty Raves, bia-^culta, ^-ak.s ami baabaaa ^ ^ ^ it t.iiuitecl a large fore - of v.c rkm. n In^Ihc.si days to pound i:p end take the^Ihre. different kin,.:; of bread con-^sum'el by the whol - people, rich and^poor, of Rome . Butthese me m, atari^ ^ ^ c yob- of 700^v.ars. w. i. organtr el. and thry c n-^ioyed a trade union in ail probability^irom long la fore Ilia tin: cf N:;ma.^^c Osliorn War.l In th-' S.icial-Domo-^.ralie- Itifli. -iv-n^\^RTF OP M I I II\t.lsTs AT \.v.. is nu n Inclosing the fortl'-th annual con^^vention of the National American^Woman Suffrage association he-Id at^Buffalo, President Anna H Shaw said: W.-n.-v.-r have- had a more In^^structive convention than this. We^will ge^ home- with greater enthusiaam^and a gr. at.-r determination to con^^tinue th^ struggle, and. if n^-ed be, en^^ter upon a militant campaign for our^birthright Resolutions w. r. adopted congratu^^lating the worn, n ot (Ir. at Britain on^the ii Kiillant fight for the franchlae;^favoring a4MMl pay lor vvonn n and^nn I in all public and private em^^ployment an ^ ight-hour workday and^e-fflch nt lawa for the prevention of the^e vils of child labor. Thei. solutions affirm that ^w-^. arning women th. same- as wage-^e arning men. n^. d the ir vaMal for^the ir ow n prote ction, and that mar^^ried woni. ti especially nee d votes for^th.- prop e tion of tiidr hom.-s and^children. TOIBM hi I I I.LI It II-r- is a story of a fellow who^want.it to emulate \ou and failed. It^ia a true storv that ha|^|n n. il during^the San Francis, o . urthepiakc. and^v ciu may have re ad it In the pap* .-a.^Tin- whole weithl knows It. Wlt.-n tin-^cit\ was shattered and the- p.oph^were shaken with grief and disaster,^lie r^- was on*- clover baker who did^in.t los. his h.ad. and who kept a^commercial I ^ ^^ on the situation^Many l.ak.ri.s vv. r- d. stiov.il. and h^knew that hie ad weeuhl le. in gre at de^^mand. i Br. a.l. mind vou. like k^ ro-^si ti. . Is some thing that the people^must hav..! So h. leaked a large sup-^plv. and the in xt tnoruing h. was M^tin market selling his Or. ail at a dol^^lar a loaf. This was a ^-l ve r cinn r- clalmove- and he would hav. far. d^well. But^ a soldb-r sheet him' The^ambitious bak.-r t. II dead, the soldi, r^was applauded and the br.ad was^c centisvated. Neew.vou ale doing th. salii- thing^that the bakatP wanted to do and v ^ t^you are- MM shot. By comparison, the-^baker's in.-thods ^nm me rciful and in^^significant While p. oph- can find^many substitutes fcer bread, they can^^not tind a substitute tor k^ ros^ n.^The majority of tin- people cannot af^^ford gas, and electricity is cent of the^i|U.stlon. While the baker meant to^continue tin- operations for a day or iwo v.eii have been Holding tile peCltlle upnow tor almost hall a century.^Whib- he e,,nfin. d his rati i tloll to eto-^small c ity you extended yours eever^the e ntire nation. You hold up mil^^lions of poor people- t those who us. keroseneare poor) and make them^turn ovi-r to you millions of dollars^ov.rv year! And with all that, you^are neith.-r imprisoned nor shot. Nay^more, you are actually at the he-ad of^a Hide class: Her.lbs Venn- art and your power^and your genius' We want you to^direct the operations of v our le ss for^^tunate brethren. Mai vou cannot do it^too soon As I said, the n.-.-el is gnat^and many of us must make crime the^means of llvlllhooil We are fore, d tee dee tile tilings that vou al'e lining. butwe- don't know how. W^- have- not^your experience, mid it is a great pity^that iiianv. In their effort to emulate^you. end in prison and die- on the gal^^lows.^ llvnian Strunsky In Dallv Call eyeeif making ch^ up sh^^ s for large^pries to aell to th. government for^th. us.- of the- soldi, is; they were not^permitted to engage in speculation in^geild. for Wall str- ^ t had a monopoly^of that; they had no chance to ^ ^ig,ige^in th. gambling and spe culation which^began to run rhet whib- the v.-ry li'^^of th.- nation was hanging in the bal^^ance . and while the-y ware- periling^life-, limb and happiness to main^^tain th. unitv and honor of the na^^tion, mils. ept. ntly th. y w.-r.- through^sheer ii. cessitv obliged to offe r their^s. rv ice s tee . mplov.rs for less than^ball what th.y v\.r^- worth in order^to maintain life, and wh.-ri-v.-r they^did find employment, it was where^others had h. . n displaced Anad\citls.no nt for a mechanic,^that would, during the war, run a^whol, w.ek before an applicant would^mak. his ape para nc . would bring a^doz. ii to tin door of the factory or^mill. b. fore the ink was dry on the^paper in which it appear.il, in the^ttitiinin of lx^;.V With so many m*-n^competing tor the aam. position, it km^cam.- an easy matt, r for the employer^of labor to dictate what wages he^should pay UTIit nn : II xit. Th summer of D^t;.^e saw ' nir mil^^lions atf lie n standing w here the re^was loom for but two milll m cull^Hm -ci We i.- coming fast, cllste IfJ v.i.s^maki lg itself felt In many places.^Those who had served as cobbers^in tin- northern army had received^such small pay that tin v had saved^nothing, and the snhlb is ol the south^e-rn army had served for nothing^The soldiers of the civil war had no^opportunity, while In the service, of^pav ing any attention to the Ir private^interests. They had no opportunity^while the war was going on to e ngage^In the profitable- business of ^block-^adc running:^ they could not Inte-re-at^the inselv es In contracting w ith the^;ov e mine nt for the sale of ^^^noddy^^^lothlng; they were- denied the prlvll- M\KINt. CRIMINALS Themakinc of criminals is a very^important American Industry. Pro^^ceed as follows: Kindout aonie thing that a large^number of paapll cbsire to do and^then make a law against it. The law^should be sufficiently elastic to admit^of exceptions Wlaaa the public good^or the offenders purse- seems to de^^mand it. Afterth^- law Is made hire a few^good polie . tile ii to lb- in wait for of-^f. nd. is. It is ne cessary to catch a^criminal before you make him. Many^a man has remain. .1 good all his life^by not be ing caught After you ge-t^hold of one h^- will probably tell you^that In did not know th. law. If he^do. s. t. II him that Ignorance of th*^law e xcus. s nee on.-. It In insists. te-H'^him that eve n tin lavvv. rs don't know^the law. ar, otherwise , th. re would^not bs so gMBy of th.tii. If he In^^sists fin tin r, crack him over th^ head,^i- il MM to shut up. If th. man has^no maM ^ -it all. crack him in the^h^ ad In tile lu st place. N.\t. publish his nam.- in all the^in vv spa pei-s. This is lor two reasons:^first, to make him nicer, of a crim^^inal, and s. cold, to show that the^police department is doing Its duty. N'.st. chuck him Into as unpleasant^a place as c an ad eh vise el. At night MrraamlMm with a choice- collctattMi ofv. rmln. for this purpose an euto-^inologlst should b. i on-alt. d In the^davtinic make- him work like a dug,^but eh. not giv. MM anvthing for it. (llVeIt to SOIll* one else. Pe rllllpH the^best WH.V to dispose of tile SlllpltlS productIs by the contract system, al^^though the re are oth. r FortaM of graft^nearly as good. Aftera few years of this In Is prob^^ably a full-fledged criminal. In order^to teat your work, turn him loos.-^without any mon.-.v or any ft i. nds. If^he conies back In a ahort time you.^have succeeded. . If not. vou have^fall.el; but It uauHll) works ^Ellla Ofcs^Jones in Life.