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V :y J|V ? * - 1|| I III III *" "1 1. V J-jij.-%^':? jjl ii ew'^3^j/ i-4-ji ii'^wJ- Jiii A%a^ ii 0 ,j|jj ^ BY HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, 8. C., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 4, 1890. VOLUME XXXV. NO. 2. Jl Home Training' vs. Hereditary. At a meeting in which we pareipitated tin' subject of criminal heredity was disrinsed. The leading speaker of the evening took the ground tnat the development of active crime in .society \va?i not so much due to inheritance* of a special disposition toward wicked ami lawless conduct as it was to improper home truing and vicious social inllucuces. In many homes of comfort and seetning respectability the very atmosphere teemed with deceit and prevarication. The little children of those homes were fairly nursvd in lies by fashionable ease-seeking mothers, and glih-tounged, selfish attendants, becoming, ere old enough to attend >cho??l, skilful in arts of duplicity and cunning. Unless their later teaching contained wholesome moral checks, the bias of developlvont uv.-i nutiirnllv toward that level of mental perversion that is fruitful ol vice ami crime. Take any community, for example, how* many mothers are in the habit of making promises lo their restless little ones that they do not think of keeping! "If Freddy will be a good hoy hml not make so much noise mama will give him someeandy." Freddy tries his best to keep quiet, and does really well for his excitable temperament^ and after a time comes for the candy, and is met with a "Oh, go f away, ohiM, I haven't any for you." U A mot In r has a call to make. She v has already promised to take little Al ice with her "the next time" she goes out. So tlit' little girl closely watches mother while she is dressing and waits eagerly for her turn to be dressed. J5ut mama is all ready without a single word to the eager child. And when, at la<t, she tearfully asks aren't you going to take me?' she is sharply answered "1 can't do it to-day, child. .) c.r/ time. We have known a mother who had promises of this k ml repeatedJy to send her link* one down to the kitchen, or into the hack yard, on some llimsy errand, so that she could slip out of the house unperceived. Fine moral training this! And yet if>\vo were to attempt to show the real character of such conduct to such mothers as these, we should be taxed with gross impertinence and misrepresentation. We believe that thousands of cases of misconduct, with their varying degrees of vicionsness, that are attribut *.il to I.litV 11.,Y- tliiif. till' ereai ma joriiy of eases so imputed by scientific authority, can be shown by inquiry into I heir history to be due lirst to improper treatment, or the lack of judicious moral training in early childhood. Heredity limy be held responsible lot a sulllcient proportion of the deformities mentrl and physical that uhlict society, but tnat proportion 011 candid analysis will, we think, shrink greatly below the size it holds in common estimation. We have given an instance or two of conduct 011 the part of mothers that lias a perverting effect upon the young minds. We could point to the confeguriict of fathers, very respectable men society goes, that is equally reprehensible. Of course the bright, ambitious boy looks up admiringly to his father, and in his simple ignorance thinks j.apa's vices of manner and habit great things, and resolves to adopt them too when he is big enough. ?So the boy not ye: out of short clothes learns to smoke and to drink, lo play games for money, ami to use language that suggests evil. The close ohberwr who contributes the >kotchea from Lavater draws in one number a portiait of a refined and cultured gentleman, who employs his leisure in scientific study, and in the abMirptir.n of such study is harsh and unjust to his liiile children, carelessly sowing germs of distrust and disrespect in their innocent minds, that later a favoring environment will nourish into dangerous flower. "Vhen a young man has been detected in some penal act, do his parents think of the extent to which ....... I.,, ..uom.iitril.la fur li,? nf uu'v i v o|?wii.-iuiv *v? *<? / v. fence? On the contrary, as a rule, they "v. nmlcr what coukl have gotten into him to do such a thing !" or they attiiluite his fall to "that club" or "that young man, Jones, with whom he was so intimate.' They bestow little thought upon their own inconsistencies, not to say abuses, of treatment when he was a child. Perhaps they were too busy with their own personal affairs to give him the care he should have received and if reference be made to this, they plaint' ively protest that he would do as he i>leased, and they "couldn't help it." The subject of heredity was not unknown iu Pope's day, and he was certain'y philosopher eiioiingh looonsid ^ or lis oeanug mi iji::11111 (li.M.uu-i, vet lie wrote, and we think with most truthful pertinency. " "fis cilucMlion forms iho common mind.. Just as the twig i.-? hcui the tree's inclined." An oM saw, indeed, and of late seemingly become unfashionable to ?juote. mm? ? Xkhvol's Ciin-DUKN.?Never scold or make fun of them. They suffer enough without your threats or sarcasm. Don't let them know you see their awkwardness when in company, nor their grimaces when alone. A case was reported hy the Boston Globe, of a hoy ten years old who, on being vexed, and often without any apparent provocation, will clench his hands and make lhe most frijihtful contortions of tlu1 musclcs of his face and head, till liis poor mother fears he is idiotic. ]>> no means. He is the brightest hoy in his class at school, but he is of a highly nervous temperament, and lias not been taught to control the little wires, I so to speak, on which he is strung. This is no single ease. There arethousands of children who give way to their nerves in similar fashion. Never whip thorn. A prominent physician in this oily says the man or woman who whips a nervous child should for every blow given receive five. It is our duty to encourage and help them. JJe patient with them. They are the making of our future successful men and women. lor they will worK tiaru at whatever they undertake, Brace up your own nerves 11 rst, and then be indulgent toward your over-nervous children. | I never had any faith in luck at pII, ft except that I believe good luck will carry a man over a ditch if he jumps well, and put a bit of bacon into his pot, if he looks after his garden and keeps a pig. Luck generally comes to t hose who look after it, and my notion isit**f*s once in a lifetime at everybody's door, and if industry does not open it away it goes.?fipuryeon. i ifc?? Daniel Webster's Knowledge of tin Bible. While a mere lad be read with such power and expression that the passing teamsters, who stopped to water theii horses, uses to get "Webster's boy" to come out beneath the shade of the trees and read the Hible to them. Those who heard Mr. Webster, in later life recite passages from the Hebrew prophets and the Psalms, say that he held them spellbound, while each passage, even the most familiar, canuliome to them in a new meaning. One gentleman says that lie never received such ideas of "the majesty of G'od and the dignity of man as he did one clear night when Mr. Webster, standing in the open air, recited the eighth Psalm. Webster's mother observed anothei old fashion of New Eugland in training her son. She encouraged him to memorize such Scriptural passages as impressed him. The boy's retentive memory, and his sensitiveness to the IJible metaphors and to the rythm ol ' ?> i rwm 1 1* it; till lift UK' YiriaiWIJj Oivivvt mo umum with Scripture. On one occasion the teacher of the district school offered a jack-knife to the boy who should recite the greatest number of verses from the Bible. When Webster's turn came, he arose and reeled off so many verses that the master was forced to cry. "enough." It was the mother's training and the boy's delight in the idioms and music of King James's version that made him the "Biblical Concordance of the Senate." But these two factors made him more than a "concordance." The Hebrew prophets inspired him to eloquent utterances. He listened to them, until their vocabulary and idioms, as expressed in King James's translation, became his mother tongue. Of his lofty utterances it may be said, as Wordsworth said of Milton's poetry, they are "Hebrew in soul." Therefor." they project themselves into the future. The young man who would be a writer that shall be read, or an orator whom the people will hear, should study the English Bible. Its singular beauty and great power as literature, the thousand, sentiments and associam-1iiV.1i ncii lint n it. llUVfr made it a mightier force than any otliiir book.?Youth's Companion. ? ? Ail Arab Legend. There is a quaint Arabian legend which tells of pilgrimage to Mecca ol two devout followers of the Prophet. Aboukjourneyed on foot; Selim was mounted on a camel. At nightfall !>oth the pilgrims had reached a spring of water in the desert, where grew a few palm trees. "It is a long and tedious journey," said A bouk. "On the contrary, it is short and pleasant," answered Selim. "I was cheered by a mirage on the horizon, wherein I saw the spires of the temples of the holy city." "There was no mirage, no holy city :o be seen !" angrily declared Abouk. "There wore, instead, legi.ms of venomous ants in the sand that bit and poisoned my flesh." "Not a single ant was on the desert," rejoined Selim. The two pilgrims were quarreling fiercely when a good priest, also journeying toward Mecca, came up. He listened to them patiently. "Peace, my brethren," lie said at last, i 'Let us leave these questions until to morrow uigni 10 ureiue. m ujeiuuuutime, let Selini go on foot and Abouk ride the camel." They consented to this exchange of places. On the next night it was Abouk who had seen the glorious visions and found the journey pleasant,, and it was Selini who had been bitten by the ants. "My brothers," said the priest, we are all going to Mecca, whether we walk or ride; but Selim cannot see what Abouk sees unless he stands where Abouk stands. "It is well to change places occasionally. Some Good Rules for Dyspeptics. 1. Eat two meals a day. 2. Eat slowly, masticate the food very thoroughly, even more so, if possible, than is required in health. '? A i-Awl JrinlHmr nt * nt mo.4 take a few sips of warm, unstimulating drink at the close of the meal, if the food is very dry in character. 4. J11 general dyspeptic stomachs manage dry food better tlian that containing much fluid; so avoid light soups. o. Kut neither very hot nor cold food. The best temperature is about that of the body. Avoid exposure to cold soon after eating. 0. Be careful to avoid excess in eating. Kat 110 more than the wants of the system require. Strength depends not on what is eaten, but on what is digested. 7. Never take violent exercise of any sort, either mental or physical, either just before or just alter a meal. It is not good to sleep immediately after eating. 8. If it is thought necessary to eat three times a day make the last meal very light. For most dyspeptics two meals are belter than more. Never eat a morsel of any sort between meals. 10. Never eat when very tired, whether exhausted from mental or phvsical labor. "V .t.l.ar. tl.n .tti.wl ic 11. tail niivn HIV iiiiiMt worried or the temper is milled, if it is possible to avoid doiii# so. 12. Eat only food that is easy of digestion, avoiding complicated and indigestible dishes, and taking but two or or three kinds at a meal. 13. Most persons will be benefited by the use of oatmeal, wheat meal, or graham Hour, cracked wheat, and oth-i er whole-grain preparations, though I many will find it necessary to avoid vegetables, especially when fruits are! taken. 14. Some kind of fruit, ripe, fresh, or in the simple form of stewed or can-J ned should be eaten at breakfast, as fruit promotes digestion. The use of fruit obviates the necessity of drinking ! while eating, and for those who have been habituated to drinking, a dish of stewed apples or prunes, will serve as well. .. Many a man when he begins to accumulate wealth commences at the same moment to ruin his soul, and the more he acquires the more closely he blocks his liberality, which is, so to speak, the very mouth of spiritual life. I Instead of doing more for God, he does less. The more he saves the more he wants, and the more he wants of this world the less he cares for the world to come. IIow lo Deal wi'.h the Fallon. Many in thp church have lit He or uo patience with the leeble and wavering. Paul says, "Jf a man by overtaken sn a fault, ye that are spiritual restore such an one.'' J Jut many who are influential in the church have little or no patience with the unsteady. No effort may be made to discipline them, and, on the other hand, no effort is made to restore them ; but they are left as rubbish in the church. In calling upon such pastorally I have found them in doubt whether they were church members or not. No one not even a class-leader, had been looking them up, and whether in the church or out of it they could not tell. Jesus would have us look after the wanderers, and he would have us deal tenderly with them. Some have none but sharp words for the unfaithful. When Jesus found one who had been "overtaken in a fault," bespoke as tenderly to him as ever did a mother to her child. Peter, iu the hour of Chri.-t's arrest, rVirwrml.- 11itii mill fti>d. lit; tlicii "I'll-! lowed him afar aft"," "sat down" with ! Ilis enemies,den in! him, and finally ''swore" that lie "knew not the man.'' Rather a faulty Christian! Had .Jesus possessed the spirit of many in the church, lie would have said, when he found him among his disciples, "Yon villian ! are you here among my disciples to disgrace them and my church ! Out of this !" JJut lie did not?did not even refer specially to his sins, did not so much as say, "Peter, I am sorry you cursed and swore :he other day." But in his own Pender, significant way, he said, "Peter, lovest thou me ?" And that, if seem-, j was almost enough to kill Peter. The Saviour's delicacy in not referring to his fault, while he sought to win him from his sins, melted his hearl, while severe denunciation could only have crushed him and sunk him in th<)j deepest despair Some might have thought that it would not do to re-, store one who had denied his I,ord| and cursed and swore, hut in the first; revival eflbrt after the Savior's aseen-j sion Peter had the leadership, and' three thousand were con verted to (*od. j No wonder that Jesus in the early j morning along the shore of the lake! look more notice of Peter than of the ( more faithful John, James and Andrew. He was after the one sheep! that had gone astray. The "ninefyi and nine" were now safe in the fold. I ! Night Air. An extraordinary fallacy h the dread of night air. * What air can Me breathe at night but night air? The choice is between pure night air without and foul air from within. Most people prefer the latter?an unaccountable choice. What will they say if il is proved to be true that nearly one-j half of all the diseases we sull'cr from are occasioned by people sleeping with their windows shut? An open window most nights in the year cannot hurt anyone. In great cities night air is often the best and purest to be had in twenty-four hours. I could better understand shutting the windows in town during the day than during the night, for the sake of the sick. The absence of smoke, the quiet Jill tend to make night the best time for airing the patient. One of our highest medical authorities on consumption and climate has told me that the air of London is never so good as after 10 o'clock at night. Always air your room then from the outside air, ii" possible. Win (lows are made to open, doors are made to shut?a truth which seems extremely difficult of apprehension. Every room must be aired from without, every passage from within. San if ary ft'or Id. Infallible Ccke foii Tooth*, ache.-Those of our readers who have felt the excruciating, pangs of this disease, and who, like ourselves, have experienced but little human sympathy on such occasions, will nodoubt be gratified to be in possession of a remedy which will, in all probability, forever quiet the unmerciful ollender. On one occasion, while laboring under the torture of this distressing disease, ?. friend entered the room, and,, after learning the cause of our suH'ering, joyously exclaimed : "Why, my dear friend, 1 can cure you in live minutes." "How'! liow enquired wi' V "Have you any alum ?" "Yes." "Bring it and, some common salt.'' They were produced. Our friend pulverized (hem, and mixed tlum in equal quantities; then wet a small piece of cotton, causing the mixed powder to adhere, and placed it in the hollow tooth. ' There," said he ; "if that does not cure you, 1 will forfeit my head." It was as he predicted. On the introduction of the mixed alum and salt, a sensation of eoldness was experienced, which gradually subsided, and with it the torment of the toothache. Ph iladclph ia I'o/'Wii. lircii Way ok Doing It.?Our little yirl of six years was much broken up at parting with her uncle, as lie was leaving us one evening to lake a train for his distant home, after a short visit of a few days, and went to bed weeping over her trial. When her mother came up to her, she said : ''Mamma, I want to say my prayers to-night." "Whv to-niirhtV" asked her mother, tenderly. "Oh, because T am not happy, and I thought if I could talk to (iod for a second I would feel better.'1 She was asked if that was the way people generally did when they were unhappy. She answered, "I don't know about other people; it is the way I do." Dr. Talcott, Superintendent of the New York State Asylum lor the Insane at Middletown," who.-e methods are declared by the School of .Medicine, to which he belongs, to be the most successful for tin; treatment of mental disorders, has published a report of great interest. Jle says that "the physical means for recuperating the worn and wasted systems of the insane are heat, milk, ami rest, and the greatest of these is rest." Many overworked men would do well t<> to try | the same plan. A successful Spanish j merchant used to laugh at overworked [people who went to the mountains or I to watering-places ; when he had a li!j tie leisure he stayed in bed about three I days. The Girls of Thirty Years Ago. Xo parent or casual observer who is deeply interested in the rising generation of girls ami young ladies can but mark the wide di.iercncc of the girls of thirty years ago and of to-day. The immoral tendencies of the times, custom and fashions; the privileges allowed by parents to their young daughters, all have a tendency Jo breakdown ihu .sals-guards which once protected them. Thirty years ago the girl of lo years was obtdicnt to the slightest wishes of, and a help to her mother in household duties. .She did not have to be persuaded and begged to do this or that. "Oh, pa or ma, 1 can't," never escaped her lips, for obedience was a pica-Mi re and a cherished \irtue. Her whole thoughts were not upon "bangs''and the hoys. She did not "step out upon the carpet" before she entered her*'teens, ami make a show of herself upon every chance occasion. No, she was modest in her demeanor ami never talked slang nor u.-ed bywords. She bad respect for ciders, and was not above listening to words of e tinsel from those older than herself. .she did not know as much as her mother, i.or did she think that her judgment was as good as that of her grandmother. She did not go to par tics by the timeshc was ien yours oiu,i a. <1 stay till midnight dancing withj any you'll# man who happened to lie j pre-ent. Slu' went lo In;.I in season and slept tho sleep of innoeoiiee, rose' up in the morning happ.v and capable of giving liappint'-.s. Htich were the! irirls of thirly years ago. Xow, who is! to Maine for tiie great, change which! h:is taken place? Not the girls, no?i The pan nls?their is where the wliclc' blame lies. (Yiud Silence. There are times when speech is un-i seasonable : hut there are al-o I iir.es j when silence is wrong, and even cruel, j If there is much said that should l.ever have been breathed, there is aiso much that ought to have free utterance which is never spoken. It is possible to estimate the amount of happiness and benefit that issuppiess-l ed ny this untimely silence A group' ,iivi.usj?i:i r ihc eiiarac l?-r of one, knovvn, perhaps, onlyi slightly to most of them. .von;e one speaks disparingly of liim, or relates some incident tending to lessen him in tin ir esteem. Another who is press-! lent knows this to be incorrcut; but in-' stead of vi- dicating him from tliej j false charge, lie says nothing, lloj may be shy of expressing himself;; | lie inay persuade himself that it is not, his affair ; he tuny dislike to appear at:t;i!j;oiii.-ti<;; whatever he his reason,: ; lie dees the absent one :in irretrievable I injury by a silence that must he deem-' jed cowardly. The unfavorable im-j I prcssion which he might have cor-! reeted sinks into the memories of, those who have heard it, and is jtrolnably never entirely ell'aced. Had he: simply littered what he knew to he, true at the moment of need, all this] ' would have bet n prevented. In gen-' |eral, when the character or conduct of; any absent one is assailed, it is the! I pall of kindness lo rci'inc it, if possi- j j hie; or, if this can not be, to present |some point in which he excels, and; ; which may turn the scale of esteem in I his favor/There is in each one such a mixture of good and had, adinira-i hie and blatnable, that the way he is j 'judged largely depends upon where) : the emphasis is laid. Therefore, all. ' >j iod wiil and kindness demand that, I j while we bury his faults in oblivion,! ; we should speak freely and fully of ' his excellence. I'hilruh Iphia Public Ledger. I - Parents are called the natural guard-! diansof their children ; but there are parents who seem unnatural in their; 'children's uiniianship. Not, to speak j of tho.?e monster mothers or fathers j ! who kill their children in order to ob-j tain paltry sums of insurance on their! lives, it must be admitted that many | fathers and mothers are selfishly rc-i jgardlessof the feelings and interests ofj i their little ones in the ordinary duties ! and trials of life. On a recent rainy j and windy Sunday evening, a father of tiie "belter class" in the communi-l ty was walking along a city street to-| [ward the church. J?v his side toddled a little girl, apparently not above six \ years of nge, holding an umbrella, : which she could barely keep in its , plat'C. As she swayed from side to iside utider tiie weight of her burden jin the driving storm, her umbrella j hit against her siroiig-limbed father, who was stalking along by himself, ! without any appaient thought of her. ''Look out. there !'' he said sharply, | "D./ii't lii! me ill lluit way. Have a jcare of yourself." Jle spoke as if he ' were asserting himself againsta hullyI ing stranger. The child shrank away j from her lather, and tried harder than I ever t<> lake eare of herself, anil of her | umbrella, and of him. J'oor child! j It was a hard lesson she learning of the duty of little ones to lookout for I themselves and for their parents, without a word of cheer from anybody. |Three days later, in that same city, a mother of the "better cla-s" was leading a liitle child, not above four years old, toward the passenger gatcI way of a railway station. As the crowd of passengers clos< d iu upon I the two, and swept them along toward j the narrow gate, the little one became i frightened, and s< enied to fear suMbcaition. Instinctively she pulled back, (and began loery. Ilistend of attempting to soothe and enr-oniaye her, the mother dragged the ehihi along, s:iyI ing, ".-'top that crying. You've just j got to go." And t he child went as she was dragged, having reason for the thought that she had come into a i world where everybody was against her- including her mother. And these arc but specimen instances of what is to be seen on every side every day. There are parents who treat i their children with tenderness and sympathy ; and I hero arc parents who do not. (!<.<1 he praised (hat childtcn wlio<c pamnts misuse ihom are nut als ays without help ami care from ether directions ! J\iany :i child who hicks sympathy in the family has found i! in ii:e Sunday-r-elsool, and is I ready to say with the psalmist : "When my*latin r and my mother forsake lnc, tiicli the I,Old will l:;ke me up.? .v. .V. X'/'j./r.t. Mr Honeymoon : "Iiid you sew that button on my coat, darling?" Mrs. Honeymoon : "Xo, sweetheart ; jl couldn't find (he button, lint 1 sewjed up the bill ton-hole, and it's all right."?C/ti'isiiuit af work. ? - e -o?Tile best education in the world is i that got by struggling to get a living. Wendell I'/iilliji*. j- - / - THE CAMPAIGN POT BOILS. KINDLING WOOD TO KEEP THE CALDRON HOT. FnctM and Figures for the I'.sc of Till111.-111-?Adornoy (<rtiorul ??iic is! As2??'il Jo Explain Some of* His Of. fieial Afls in Reference to the As-! soKNUM'iit of Kail loads ami RauKs? ; I'oinlotl Letter from Auditor tones. I Editor Prrsx ami Jiannrr: It doubtless will be remembered by a majority, if not l>y all of your readers, that some ; two years a^o the wi iter of I tils was instrumenial in bringing to the attention of the) public generally, aad to ibe l.'oniptioiler Gen-1 era I specialty, the laet that very lew If any of j the National lianks in tlie Slate were paying! taxes <m anything more than their original i capital, not withstanding the laet that from: the BWiirn statements of their officials, the surplus fund and undivided 5 rotits of many 01 these hanks amounted to more than clou-J blc that of such capital stock. 1 It will likewise be remembered that acting,! upon tlio information thus obtained, the I Comptroller Geinr.d promptly called upon it the Attorney General fur :iu opinion as to ~ wliftheror n>?t tliesc bank surpluses were tax-; < able, ami that the Attorney General gave it as Ins opinion tli.it they were. I < Another fact will doubt!ess he recnlicd. anil! si that is, that the Comptroller General, acting j j upon tlits opinion, Issued a circular to theli several County Auditors of the counties c wherein were located any of said Hanks, re- j s i[iiii in^ and directing them to place upon tiie ; 0 lax books the surplus as well as the capital' r lock ot all Hanks located in tlieir respective 1 counties. t These are all facts well known to the public,' a? tin'1) were all published at the time iu the r /'?and lUnnur, as well as in various other t papers iu tliestate?that is, the letter 01 thoji ComptrollerGeneral submitting the question js to the Attorney General, tlie opinion ot that ; o!llcer,and the alorcsaid circular ol the Com ptri.lter General to the several County Audi- f tor^. i While such Is the case?while the public arc t well aware of these facts?There are still ot her facts connected witli tills matter, and which ic are of inlinitcly greater importance to the s people generally, but of which tin y arc kept I in btissliil ignorance. Ami that is, that in tint. a ' I siiujle instance save in the eusc of the Abbeville' < .Xalioiml /Inn/.-, mid perhaps oik: or two of hers of' i the smaller Jiani.x, iras there the least ijllcntioil I i paid to tlm opinion of the Allornfij General, or; to thr. circular of the Camp!roller Hcnerul by the \ Hani's, or hi/ the County Auditors, whose duty it j ( was to alt cm I to the matter. j ( Not only were they not coverned at that : Mine by the instructions of the Comptroller t General, as contained in his circular, based I ( IIIMII1 tlie opinion ??i uu: .?i!hi iii-j lu iin.u, i which was strictly iii uceoi-dance Willi Section I! 1'j.s ii! liii* lieviscu Sl:iini'-s. which resfds as 101-': lows: "Ail shares c?r the stockholders in nny | "bank or banking a>soc:al ion located in tins'i "Stale, Ac.,shall ho listed at (heir true value I 'It? money. A*c. /'rovitlci, That*the words : '"initivniuo in miiiii'j' siiall bo so construed I "as Id menu and include : 11 xiir/ilux or vrlm\t "ini,nrj/s, eapital, and every species of persnu-' t "aI properly of value owned and in ihe pos-j i ' session of any such hank;" lint (hey havei ( persisted in Ignoring the same ever since, and !i to-day die assets ol many of these banks are I f not being taxed at one-hall their market t value. I < For the information of the public at large i f and for Ihe special iiilormniinu ol Attorney ] t General Marie, who, in his speech at Ander*|> son the other day, swore by "'all ihe powers j I (bat be" Ilia) if a single instance of a failure j ( to comply with the requirements ot (lie law 11 on Ihe part of any oRicial wejc brought, to his t attention he would prosecute the otlonder to ( the bitter end. 1 hep to submit the following 1 < circular letter, a copy of which was scut to the t several County Auditors of the counties in s which arc located banking institutions, to-1 ge!her wiih the replies thereto, which latter J | have condensed in a tabulated form : t Aj;j?i;vii,m:. js. (a, April 12, ISM. ! | I>kak Slit?Will you kindly furnish meai stall-mint of the returns made by I lie various ! t vlv siir. 1 ( plus and re.d on I ale. aiso the valuations :is as- ; srssftl l<?r taxation. An early reply will be;' api. rcriatod asti (iivnt I'avur, not only to my- \ self, but to the people of the State, to whom is the siily- et ot taxation and equalization has it becotncoue ol deep interest. IlespeeUully, |i A. \V. JU-N'KS. 1 I WMsfim iUhlMf r- 1 !l?|yf?25 S*i 5 1 mmi t - -E" = f52-== > ! Eri *! c.Zzf* * i "i i i ! * 3 II!!! ! n \\\w n?\! I M i I Pi MI * . </> Capital Sloclc. IIIIili?5?= . > Hi -lilUSii'Ss-'Ii- Surplus and '-'rci:?-.-r 1'iullvidcd Profits. J; * * * 5 * as x ? 5 * >; 1 t ? t: tz ?i: i?ic , ?Ti c3M 7--5 Total Slock, Surplus and Undivided Profits. f C 5 "I . !j -i j ~ - It y =; y Total return forTaxa'-z'-l!-r-T-r-i " rion, including Ileal i SiiSSsilsSi . Kslau'- .. c L'er rent, of Capital 1 Z:l&5 - Stock, Surplus nndji Undivided Profitsj' upou wliich taxes' , arc paid. , I The above statement docs not take in all j the Hanks in the state, as some of the t'oun- j} ty Auditors have so far failed to comply with ' the rcijucst lo furnish the desired intorma-j1 tion. I>ut it will sullicc lo show that there is a j j very meat inequality in the niattir of assess- 1 ing properly possessing identically me same i intrinsic value which should not l>e the case, * for "while there may tie a difference in the J value of mules or lands in dillercnt uountics, 1 surplus dollars have exactly the same value in ev? ry part of the .State." It will also sut- s lice to inform the Attorney General if he has J not already been apprised of the fact, that his 1 opinion as to tile liability of Hanks to pay ? taxes on their surplus and undivided protlfs, as well as the circular of the Comptroller ' General, based upon that opinion, has been I( set at naught by the Hank ollicials and the County Auditors in almost every instance. |' rtiriherinore, it will serve to .-how toall who I may chance to see It, that there is a very un-j { just discrimination in the matter of the valu-!1 ation o| property for purposes of taxation] a*oiiiiH the poor man, who has to pay taxes ' on bis lit:l?! nil, frequently at. more than its ' true value, and in fivorof the fortunate own-[1 er of \ aluable bank slock, and t hat the same ' is being done in open doliance of the plain 1 letter ol the law u< contained in Section 1:?S of the lieviaed Statutes as already quoted in ,1 full. Yea. more, thai it is being done in ojiei deiiiinee of the interpretation of that law by) th-% oliieer whose special duly it is to make ( such interpolation when ealhd upon toUoso 1 for the guidance of the olliceis of the state, j( The Attorney (ieneral may have been igno- 1 l'antof these facts heretofore, but he certainly ' cannot avail himself ol such a plea from tills < ion, ami the tax payers will no doubt wait ' I wilii no small degree of interest to see what;' j he is jjoinir to do about it. 11 I Hut what about the Comptroller General ?'* lie certainly could not have heen Ignorant in , ilic- fact that no rigrird had lic-cn paid to Ills [ circular by many of the < 'ouniy Auditors to;' wiiom it was addressed, and such being the j' case. It srcins lo ine that il was incumbent upon him lo have reported the facts to the (lov- * cruor, by whose appointment these derelict ' olliclals bel?l their | osiiions, or to tlie Attor-! > ney (Jencral, the pn-secuting ollicer of the I State, in order thai he might institute pro-)' ! . eiliug- a^ain.-l thciii for maUcasance in of- 1 ih e. The Auditor ol rhaihslon county, in his I letter tn.ii-miltii.g li e :< t irr.s < f the various I'.anK- of ll:at county, says, ""rite ItiKird of j j ' i-'.<iuaii;'.alioii could see no reason f??r devia- j' ' tciii iri'in thi ir det.Tmiu 11i >:i tor pn vious 'I "years. tVi\, end coit'd lei! come lo I lie deter-'1 "mill: tlon that the surpiils was not liable lo ; "be illumed I >l-tn.xation." Adoi ting your own languagens used in an ediloi ial some I wo years ago, when the alien- 1 li.in of the public was li st attracted to this mailer, we would say, Mr. Kditor, "Is it any "wonder that our people arc dissatisfied? 1 "Are the capitalists, the hanking corporations, "and the ra.ir ii.il corporations dominating 1 | "the State." "There Is food lor thought in!1 '*tlie fuet thai h?*r* are banks dodging thousands of dollars of just taxation right at the i "doors of the icadiug newspapers of the state ! "yet they are as silent as au Kgyptian muui-l ?rny." I1 Uul the mailer does not end with the fact! which wo think we have clearly shown, thati there is a very huge amount of the best pay ing investments in the State, In the shape of linn I; sluices, which are esenping taxation, lint we think .we can as clearly demonstrate Itiat there is a much larger per cent, ol the railroad property in the Stafe which is equally fortunate. i.el us take fur example the ('. Sc G. railroad. In the report ot the transactions of that road for t he liscal year ending June :$0, 1889, it appears that the net earnings, niter deducting til the expenses of operating the road, including taxes, repairs and improvements, amounted to SlOi.lo" being a sum equal to 8 per cent, on 5U,:Kl),l6i Xow we take it that it will he conceded by ;very one that an investment which will pay * per cent, net, over and above alt incidental expenses is a good one?therefore as it has H.en shown that the C. & G. road is pitying Hint much net on ?n amount equal to S5,:i89 , IG2, that amount should be taken to represent the value of said property?and yet the railroad hoard of equalization, of which Attorney General Ivirle Is n conspicuous member, ixed the value of the (.'. & G. road for purges of taxation for the last iiseal year ai >l,3'js,735; more than one million dollars less nan we have demonstrated it to be worth aeMM'ding to a sound rule in our opinion for irriving at. the true value of an investment. I'ut to fortify the position which we have nken as to the true value of litis road, we vould state that the present owners thereof, vhen it was sold in 1SS1, paid over S-2,4iM),0<R) or it, and that too, under circunistnoces vhleh certainly did not tend to Inflate the irice; and furthermore that the first morl:a?e bonds placed upon it, amounting to iJ.ij'iO/l'iO are quoted at from 1< '? to 100 In the I.III.) IIKII IVI.L I l>. It should he borne in mind too that In adlition lo a net earning equal to 8 per cent, on l capital of S.'t$89,Hi'J tnis road has made 1??iroventei.ts in the way of new Iron and toll ug stuck within the last few years', to me xti.Mit of hundreds of thousands of dollars,o that the price at ;vhlcl> It was Fold (2,-lOsO;, W) and the valuation which we put upon it iccording to our process of reasoning (?2,38!)' tiJ) is more liSceSy"to he under than above the rue value thereof. KownstheC.it O. road constitutes onlibout one tenth of the entire mileage of rail oads in theState, and being about an average oad and assessed for taxation at about the mnie per mile as the other roads, It is reasonable to conclude that if It does not pay taxes on what it really should by over a million ol loliars there must be at least ten million dolars worth of railroad properly in the State ,hat is escaping taxation. Add to this the large amount of hank property which likewise escapes, and we have an iniouut of property, and that too of the very >est species of property, which. If it paid It* efeitimate share ol taxes would raise a suftl iency, together with the phosphate royalty, ic., to maintain both the South Carolina Unir<r>ity and the Clemson College In first class ityle. The State Railroad Board of Equalization is omposed of the Attorney General, the .Vimptrollcr General, the Secretary of State md the State Treasurer, and it is thetr duty o take the returns of the different railroad Companies as made to the Comptroller Gen>ral and equalize the same?having the au hority to add to the valuation in the case of my road where they may think the same is ilueed too low, or deduct from the valuation n any case where they may think the same las been placed too high?In other words they Now, as Attorney General Karle demanded if Mr. Tillman whether or not he considered hat he, Karle, had been inefficient or want ng iii zeal in the discharge of liis official Inly, uiid stated that lie was ready at any and ill limes to give an account of his stewardship; the public would doubtless be pleased .0 have him explain how that he, as an eminent and vner^etic officer, charged with the special duty 01 seeing that all State and Conny officers discharge their respective duties, tliouid liave failed to know that certain 01 lte.se officials had refused or failed to carry nit certain requirements of the law, after heir attention had been explicitly called to lie same I^y himself, ttie State's Attorney? >r how it was, if lie knew of the fact of such ierelietion of duty, that he neglected or ailed tj require of ihem to answer for the lame in the courts of the State. And ire would be pleased to have him explain to our satisfaction and to the satisfacion of the many other hard-working but lmiccuuious tax payers of the State how, in .ie>v of the plain provision of the law as conalncd in Section 33 of Article 2 of the Slate :<mstitution which declares that, "All taxes ' ilinil be laid upon the actual value 0} the prop'crti/ tared," he could get his conscut to agree ,vith the other members of the Hoard of assessors to assess the railroad property in the State al a little more than one half of Its acttal value, as established by the application ol lie best known rules for determining values! Resneetfnll v. A. \\\ JONES. ? KB. VERNER IN REPLY. IE EXPLAINS HOW THE BANKS ARE ASSESSED, AND WHO IS RESPONSIBLE. (either the Comptroller-General >"or the Attorney-General, Xor the County Auditors are Responsible for the Inequalities of the Assess* incut ol' Banks, and Ilailroads. Columbia, S. C., May 2iHh, 1890. 'Cditw Press and Banner: silt?I notice an article in your paper of ilny 21st, by Mr. A. W. Jones, in which he laims to have been the person who first aiseii the question or the mnnner of taxing mnksand criticises rather severely the Atorney General and myself and the County luditors for not enforcing the law, as given u ttic opinion of the Attorney General on the iiibjecL of ISank taxation. l'iease allow ine space to correct some of the mors Into which Mr. Jones has fallen, in ref rence to this matter. I took charge of the Comptroller's office on he^ilstof December, 1SS7. On the 1st of Feb iiary l-SSS, Mr. J. E. Phillips, Receiver of the lank of Sumter, filed in the Comptroller's >Hice. a petition asking that an execution, vhich had been issued against the said Bank >y theX'ounty Treasurer of Sumter County, >c stalTl in the hands of the Sheriff, upon the [rounds that the returns of the Bank had not >een properly made, and that for this reason i.avt.wi. Ikki tin unit #Vtt* itu t?tyob nnnn thn tssets of the Bank, and that the lien of the lepositors and creditors thereof was superior 0 that of the State tor its taxes. This petition was referred to the Attorney j<-neral for it is opinion and advice, by letter luted I-'ebruary 2nd, 1SS8, Mr. Karle, tho Atormy General, advised me that the return >f the Hank was Improperly made, that it ihould have been made in the name of each ihare-holder, and not having been so made hat tin; state hud no lien upon the property >f i he Bnnlc for iis taxes then due. Subsequent to this, and in consequence of he dUcus-ion of this case with the Attorney Jeneral on the 22nd of March, 1S8S, I asked in 1 letter of that date, his opinion of how {(inks should be taxed, whether on capital done or upon capital and surplus?although he surplus might be Invested in non-taxable )Oil(l?. on the 30th of March, 188S, eight days after had submitted the question to hiin, the Atorney General gave me his written opinion, hut both surplus and capital of Hanks was uxuhle notwithstanding the surplus might ii' invested in non-taxable bonds. ()!i th?:2iiih of March, 18SS, Mr. Jones subnitied to me, by letter of that date, the rjuesion of the taxation of the Abbeville Hank. This case 1 never submitted to the Attorney General, because four days before this letter vas written to me, I had submitted the same jucstion upon my own suggestion after a conf inn r?f llin Snmtnr nnsp ITpoii the receipt of the Attorney General's ipinion of date :>0tb March, 1S8S, I embodied i In u circular und sent it to the County Autitcrs. This was lollowed by n second circuar giving instruction as to liow the returns ihotilil be made. This opinion of the Attorney (Jeneral and ny Instructions upon the same, the Auditors lave endeavored to carry out faithfully, us hey report to me. The Hoard of Kquallzation, however in cach 'ount.v, upon whom rests the power and responsibility of equalizing the returns of personal property, including the shares in ISanUs, have in most of the Counties, reduced lie returns of the Banks or sustained th Ir j returns to put them upon an equality witli I the returns of other personal property in! Iheir several Counties. This action of these Hoards has had two ef-i feels, tirst, to keep down the returns of Banks! In most of the counties, and second, to create isross inequality in the returns of different' L'ounties. Having discovered this, in the Fall of 1SSS, I drew a Mill to create a stale Hoard of Kqali/.alion upon Hanks, and gave it to a member Dt the House of Representatives. This Hill pass, d t he House, ami after a vigorous eonlestin the Senate was continued to the Session of lssg. During the Session of 1SS9,1 went before the Committee of the Senate having the Hill in uharg . and addressed the Committee in favor nf the Hill, showing the ernss Inequality which existed in the different Counties in the returns of Hanks. Before the Senate Committee, I used the statistics compiled 011 this suhjuect by Mr. Jones, and especially the papers ou tile in the Comptroller (ienernl'sotllce In the appeal of the National Bank of Greenville from the ac lion of the County Board of Equalization, In increasing (lie returns of the Hank. The Bill was however defeated by the Senate. , _ '"SSdJ Tlie only two eases whlcli I have considered on appeal was one from Greenville and the other from I.aurens In both of which I sustained the action of Ihe County Boards of Equalization In raising the returns. The decisions of the County Boards of EqualIzation on returns of personal property Is final on the part of the State and no appeal therefrom lies for the State to the Comptroller General. The parly wliose return is increased above what l>e considers the true value of ills prop- -v erlyhasthe right of appeal. Further, It 18" the duly of the Auditors lo take Ihe decision of the Boards and be governed by Ihe same in making up the tax books. I have thus given you the history ol how this question ol the taxation of Banks was raised and how I have endeavored lo discharge my duty in relation thereto, in order to correct the errors into which Mr. Jones has fallen in liis article. Mr. Jones' uniform kindness to me, both as an ofllccrand an Individual, has won for him my esteem and friendship,and I am sure he lias 110 dlspo.-ltion to he censorious, but that lie lias let his y.eal lead Mm into errors in liis advocacy of public matters which lie thinks lie'-ds correcting. No one realizes more fully than I the many " vi inequalities existing in our system of taxation, and no one lias endeavored more faith tuny man i nave to assist in tlie aumini&traI ion of the laws justly mid fairly. One word as to the taxation of Railroads. The SUite Hoard of Equalization on Kailroads have the duty i in posed upon them of uot only equalizing the returns of railroads as between the roads, hut also in reference to other property In the Stale. The railroad as- - . sessments represent now about one eighth of the entire property of the State. This Board has discharged ltsduty to the bestol its ablljf however, any one can show by nflidavit before a proper tribunal that any of the officers of Slate charged with the administration of the taxes iiavc criminally and negligently ailed to execute the law, that Mr. Eurle who has never lost a case for the State during his term of four years as Attorney General, will prosecute them to the best of his ability. Respectfully, .-.n# J. S. VERNER. flow toVriuk Milk. Don't swallow milk fast and in such* biggulp.-?. Sip it slowly. Take four V>; minutes at least to finish that glassful, and don't take more than a good tea- J spoonful at one sip. When milk goes into your stomach it is instantly curaieu. 11 you urniK A large quantity at once, it is curdled into one big mass, on the outside of which only the juices of the stomach can work. If you drink it in little sips, each little sip is curdled up by itself, and the whole glassful finds itself In a loose lump made up of little lumps, through, around and among which the stomach's juices may percolate and dissolve the whole speedily and simultaneously. Many people, who like milk and _'<$ know its value as a strength-giver, think they cannot use it because it^ gives them indigeston. Most of Ihem could use it freely if they would only driuk it in the way I have described, or if they would, better still, driuk it hot. Hot milk seems to lose a good /Inol nf Stu rlonuift' viui mt/miI/1 oltvinut. think it had been watered; and it also seems to lose much of its sweetness, which is cloying to some appetites. If the poor only knew and appreci- - ?'''h ated the value of milk taken in this way, I am sure there would not be so much beer-drinking among them. There are thousands of hard-working scrubwomen, washwomen, factory girls, and even shop-girls in this city, who drink beer with their meals be- > cause it gives a little stimulant to their tired bodies, and don't understand that it is only like applying a whip to a weary horse, instead of giying him oats. If they only knew, they would find in this simple draught as much real strength as in a barrel of beer. New York Tribune. _ ^ Alive iu Her Coffin. Nkwi'okt, Ky., May 17.?The wife of John Korb, 60 years of age, living on the river road near Four Mile, was to all appearances dead last Monday, after a long spell of sickness. The body was prepared for burial, and 011 Wednesday, while the pallbearers were carrying the casket from the. church, they heard a noise inside the coffin, and upon removing the lid tlie woman was found to be alive, but too weak to speak. The greatest consternation among relatives and others in attendance ensued. When the woman opened her eyes, women screamed and ran about as if demented. Some fainted. Many of the men lost their presence of mind,. and it was only when the woman sat .. .jg up that aid was extended. She could not speak, and was evidently frightened at her situation. She was taken into the church and made comfortable while a physician was sent for. Before . ] he arrived the woman moaued, started to an upright position, and fell back dead. The physician on arrival pronounced her dead, and she was buried at once. There is much excitement In IUC IIUUU, UUU IUUUJ uviivtv she should not have been buried. Little Things. A very sensible writer says to young persons, "Whatever you do, if it lie only to put 011 your hat or throw aside your gloves, do it decidedly and earnestly, eschewing all listlessness." Don't laugh at this little bit of advice, for, simple as it is, I assure you it is more important than you imagine. Why? .Because if you are listless in little things, you will be listless also in groat ones ; and if you put energy of will into small matters, you will acquire the energy of will requisite for the doing of important duties. Without such acquired energy of will you cannot give that attention to study and work which is essential to success. Remember that the main thing in achieving results is attention?close at tent ion, energetic attention, continued attention. To gain tills power you must will to do even little tilings with an energy which while it uses also increases strength. lie strong-willed, therefore, hut be sure that you are also right-willed. It is not generally known liow easy a matter it is to explore the bottom of a well or a cistern or pond of water by the use of a common mirror. When the sun is shining brightly hold a mirror so that the reflected rays of light will fall into the water. A bright spot will he seen at the bottom, so light as to show the smallest object plainly, Hy this means may he examined the bottom of wells fifty feet deep, when half full, or more, of water, The smallest straw or other objects can be pcrfecty seen from the surface. In the same way one can examine the bottoms of ponds ami rivers, if the water be somewhat agitated by winds or rapid motion. If the well or cistern be under cover, or shaded by a building so that the sunlight will not fall near theopening.it is not only necessary to employ two mirrors, using one to rellect the light to the opening, and > ? '* another to reflect it down into the water. Light may be thrown lifty or one hundred yards to the precisc spot desireable, and then downward.