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.. > py$l WHY COTTON IS LOW. A SECOND ARTICLE FROM LAWRENCE YOUMANS. He RevlewM rust >Ionet?ry Condition* ami Compares Them With Preaent?Free Silver, He Thinkx, Ik One Ueiuedy for the Trouble. To the Editor of the State: In my previous article I conclusively demonstrated that the great decline in the price of cotton in 1819 was not due to over-production, but to financial changes which resulted in an enormous contraction of the circulating medium and effected the price of all other commodities in the same ratio. I also demonstrated that the rise in price, from 1826 to 1836, was not at all due to diminished production, as the rapid advance took place in the face, as Professor Sumner says, "of increasing production, both here and in India, but was the result of large additions to the money volume both here and in England. The heavy decline which begin in 1837 and ended in 1848?prices falling from an average, in 1885. of 17 1-2 cents to 6 1-2 cents in 1&18, was not due to overproduction, but to a repetition of those causes, which produced the decline from 1819 to 1826?financial changes which wrought a great contraction in the volume of money. In 1829, President Jackson began his war on the United States Bank and, defeating every attempt to renew its charter, terminated it by the downfall of the bank in 1836,when its charter expired. In discussing his veto of the bill to renew this charter in 1832,the following predictions were made: Senator Clayton of Delaware, said, in a speech delivered July 11, 1832: "In less than four years the pecuniary distress, the commercial embarrassments consequent upon the destruction of the United States Bank must exceed anything which has ever been known in our historv * * * bankruptcies and ruin, at the anticipation of which the heart sickens?must follow in the lone train of evils which are assuredly before us." Daniel Webster said: (Works, vol. 3, page 419.) "I hesitate not to say that as this veto travels to the West, it will depreciate the value of every man's property from, the. Atlantic States to the capital of Missouri, its effects will be felt in the price of lands, the great and leading article of Western property; in the price of crops, in the products of labor, in the repres. sion of enterprise, and in embarrassment to any kinds of business and ccupation." In anticipation of a vacum resulting from the downfall of the United States T> 1. *1? ? l 1 Ko.,, -LMfclllk., tut; lUUill UUlllV^ llOU IA3UI1 VU~ couraged by the President to enlarge their issues?these notes, of questionable validity, beginning to accumulate in the government Treasury, whither they had found their way, in purchase of the public lands, the President instructed the Secretary of the Treasury to issue the well known "specie circular," requiring all pavment for public lands to be made in tne precious metals. This circular, reviving the demand for gold and silver, destroyed most of the banks which had not government deposits at demand. The subsequent demand for these deposits in 1887, for distribution among the States, as provided for by the act of 1836, completed the ruin of the "pet banks." The sudden calling in of these deposits, which had been treated by the banks as capital to be loaned, oegan the panic of 1837, which fully verified tne predictions of Senators Clayton and Webster. In these pressing straits, the banks and business firms of America drew at long time, on their houses of credit in Europe, and, failing to meet these obligations, fell, and as they succumbed, pulled down with them nearly every foreign house that dealt with the United States. So great was the run unon the Bank of England that it haa to sustain itself by loans effected with some difficulty from the Bank of France. The situation was thus pictured by DoubLeday, in his "Financial History of England," pages 322, 323: "A scene of bankruptcy ensued that beggars all descriptions * * * A panic tooK place in England, in the course of which nearly all the houses engaged in the United States trade were swept away * * Immense bales of American paper securities. State stocks, canal stocks, bank shares, railroad shares, etc., were sent to Europe, pledged for what they would bring, and the proceeds remitted in gold and silver across the Atlantic to prop the tottering paper issuing establishments of the various States * * * Such at least was the condition of the colFers of the Bank of England that slie was refl11<a Kr?rr tlio occiutanro frnm flip Bank of France; and the indirect aid of that establishment alone saved her from ruin." Alison, in dealing with the same crisis in his history of Eurone, vol. 3, 2nd series, pages 314, 315 ana 31ti says: "Terror and distrust universally prevailed; the machine of society, like a huge mill turned by water,'which was suddenly frozen, came to a stand * * * A universal run took place upon the banks, which being in a great degree unprovided with cash, in consequence of its having been drained away to the banks in the West, were unable to meet the demand for specie * * * Deprived of the wonted resource of discounted bills to meet their engagements, the greatest, as well as the smallest houses, in all the commercial cities became bankrupt. Two hundred and fifty houses in New York stopped payment in the first three weeks of April; and in Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore and the other cities on the coast, the devastation was not less universal. Cotton fell from 14 cents per pound in 1835, to 7 1-2 cents, all other articles of export in a similar proportion. Soon the distress spread like a pestilence through the various ramifications of society. Public WlirjiS, rauwujs, uinais, were uruuvin to a stand; the shipwright and builder dismissed their men: the manufacturer closed his doors; one sentiment pervaded all classes?the anticipation of universal ruin and individual beggary. * * * Cotton, the great article of common export, nad fallen in consequence of the measures of government to 4 cents a pound, being not a third of what it had been three years before, and that, although the last crop had been deficient rather than the reverse." The price of cotton which had averaged 17 1-2 cents in 1835, declined to 1U 1-2 cents in 1 "!38 and to 6 1-2 cents in 1848. The decline from 101-2 cents in 1838, to 6 1-2 cents in 1848, took place on an almost stationary volume of production, averaging about two million bales per annum. In 1849, on a crop four hundred thousand bales larger than any previously raised the price rose to 8 1-2 cents and continued to rise until it reached 12 1-2 cents, which price it held with slight variations for the next ten years, in the face of an increasing production that doubled itself in 1859 and 1860. It is the causes that produced this rise and sustained it for the next ten years, in the face of an increasing volume, that soon doubled itself, which I now propose to consider. As the crises with which I have so far dealt resulted, principally, from changes in the paper circulation, I have not hitherto alluded to the more imperceptible influences of the volume ' a1 Plii no fliov OI UlU precious uicuiu. uut ? n.vj will hereafter become the most important factors in guessing the price of cotton, I deem it necessary now to retrace my steps, and consider their effect upon prices. Adam Smith, "Wealth of Nations," page 19.'}, says: "From the high or low money price of goods in general, or of corn in particular, we can infer only that the mines which at that time happened to supply the commercial world with gola and silver were fertile or barren. That is, the output from the mines governed the supply, and the supply regulated the price. Mr. Jevons tells us that from 1789 to 1S09 gold fell 40 per cent. This decline in its purchasing power was caused by a large augmentation of its volume, by an increased production from the mines. But in 1808 Bonaparte invaded Spain and as the moth iL. er country was overrun, tue opuiusu American colonies, from whence this increase had been desired, began to assert their independence. The consequent turmoil and unsafety of investment banished capital from the mining industry and the output being diminished by one half, gold rose rapidly in value. Speaking of this dearth of the precious metals aggravated by the paper contraction of 1819, R. H. Patterson in his "New Golden Age," volume 2, page 211, says: "Perhaps the most impressive testimony to the strange widespread distress which then lay like a night-mare upon Europe, or indeed upon the whole civilized world, is that borne contemporaneously by the calm-minded philosophic historian Sismondi, who wrote as follows in 1827, of what he justly called this 'great European calamitv:1 'A cry of distress is raised from all the manu XOUtUUIl^ w/uuo VI HIV V/1\* ?? V?? and all the fields of the New World re-echo it. Everywhere commerce is struck with the same languor; everywhere it encounters the same difficulty of selling * * * this period of distress went on, lightening merely for passing moments, until suddenly in 1848, the apprehension of Sismondi was suddenly realized.' All society was shaken to its foundations; governments were overthrown by a wild impulse, a grasping after some better order of things; and wars and revolutions rolled over Europe, from the Baltic to the Adriatic, and from the Bay of Biscay to the Euxine." It was of this epoch, 1848, that Mr. Shepperson spoke in his interview with the New York Tribune, repubHcTiofl a fpu- flavs fltrn in the News ?? ** ?O ~ - and Courier, when he said: ' 'In October, 1848, under the influences of political disturbances on the contiment, and financial panic in England, the price of middling upland cotton, in Liverpool, was forced to 3 3-8 pence. That was the lowest quotation in the Liverpool market until now, when the price is down to 3 3-32 pence.'' This low price in 1848, as we have seen, was not due to overproduction, for its volume had remained nearly stationary for the ten preceding years ?it took place, however, after a forty years dearth of the precious metals which had reduced the price of commodities, cotton included, to nearly one-third of their former value. Professor W. S. Jevons, in his "Money and Mechanism of Exchange," j page 325 says: "From 1809 to 1849 it (gold) rose again in the extraordinary **ufm /\t 1AO in rvt? Kv r\cir* npnt ! tauvf vi jLvv w viw v/* i ?doing what ?? rendering government annuities and all fixed payment extending over this period almost two and a half times as valuable as thev were in 1809." Cotton is now lower by 5-32 of a penny than it was it 1848. Why is it so low? From the same cause that reduced the price in 1848?a dearth of the money metals. How was this dearth occasioned ? By discarding silver from the mints, and thus cutting off one-half, or over, of the natural supply from the mines. Why was this done? To make the dollar unit twice as valuable and to double the value of all credits. How does this double the value of the money unit? It reduces by one-half the metallic basis of money and proportionately controls its volume, and as did the contraction occasioned by the panics of 1819 and 1837, reduces by one-half the value of all commodities. Whom does this benefit? All those who live upon the labor of others?the creditor and incomo classes. Those who receive salaries and annuities, and whose charges are lixed by law or custom. ' How does it benefit them? It enables them to command twice as much labor and twice sis much commodities for the same money. Whom does it injure? All debtors and producers. How? By doubling the burdens of all debts, taxes ana fixed charges and diminishing by onehalf their power to pay them?a condition of affairs which all standard writers agree does more injury to a country than war, famine or pestilence. Is the low price of cotton due to this state of affairs? The comparative shrinkage in the volume of money and consequent depression of the price of all commodities affects cotton to a great extent, but there are other factors which contribute to its alarming depression. What are they ? Cotton and wheat, without any corresponding increase of production, have fallen lower in price than most other agricultural products. We have to expect a large surplus and compete with silver standard countries for the markets of Western Europe. Silver having maintained its purchasing and debt-paving power in these countries, is worth as much for all domestic purnoses as it was in 1873, consequently tliese silver countries can get just as much* for their wheat and cotton as they could twenty years ago, while we have to sell for about one-third. This bonus on their exports has proven just what was predicted by British statesmen years ago, that the demonetization of silver would prove the ruin of the wheat and cotton industries of America, and the salvation of those in silver countries. When cotton touched bottom in 1848, within 5-32 a penny of the price to-day, I have been informed by those who remember it that the very same opinion of over-production was entertained. At this time of general depression and business stagnation, when the cause of mankind seemed very much as it uoes now, a i most nopeiess, what was it that gave relief?a cotton trust, or a curtailment of production jus recommended by Broker Roddev? No, sir. The only remedy that will give any relief now?an expansion of the currency, a well distributed circulation, sufficiently commensurate with the increase of poulation and the expansion of enterprise and industry. In 1848 gold was discovered in large qualities 111 California, and, in 1851, in large qualities in Australia; the annual increase of the money volume was almost immediately doubled, trebled and nearly quardrupled. The l>onds of debt and taxes were relaxed and soon wore off under the prodigious stimulus of renovated industry and general prosperity. This decade, from 1850 to 1860, is still referred to as the most prosperous in our natiens history?the national wealth doubled itself and 36 per cent, over during these ten years. The crop of cotton, amounting to 2,423,000 bales of'47 and '48 and thought to be an over supply as it sold for an average of 6 1-2 cents, was more than doubled, in 1855), and Drougut aooui iz corns. Patterson in his "Golden Age," Vol II. page 22, says: ''So the long distress quickly came to an end, and there after was well nigh as much forgotten as if it had never existed. Mores the pity! For it is by a study of that time that we may best learn to avoid, at no distant date, a recurrence of the same evil anti-industrial and anti-commercial influence * * The gold mines for a while made Euroupe young again." Said the historian Alison, Vol. IV., 2nd series, page 318: "The annual supply of gold and silver for the use of the globe was by these discoveries suddenly increased from an average of ten million pounds, to one of thirtyfive 'million pounds. * * * That which for five and twenty years had been awaiting a currency commensurate to the increased numbers and transactions of the civilized world, was now supplied by the beneficient hand of nature. The era of a contracted currency, and consequent low prices and general misery, interrupted by passi n ^ gleams of prosperity was at an end. Prices rapidly rose; wages advanced in a similar proportion, exports and imports enormously increased, while crime and misery as rapidly diminished." In my third and hist article, I shall attempt to trace the subtile influence that manipulated the money volume after the war and its effects upon prices, particularly the price of cotton. I think I shall show that all these catch words, "honest money," "sound money" and "full value money," partake very much of the nature of the cry of "catch thief," and are ingeniously put forth by the thinking few to hoodwink the unthinking many; and veil the gigantic robbery and dishonesty of the Sold standard, which is working the egradation and industrial ruin of our people. Its effects, not so sudden as the panics of 1819 and 1837, but with a progress as steady as the movement of the nand on tho dial plate, in comparison with the expansion of industry and the increase of population, is producing a constant and pitiless contraction that is every day adding to the purchasing power of the money mint and reducing the price of all the pro ducts of labor. Talcing two dollars for the creditor when only one should be paid by the debtor?it is furnishing a harvest for greedy capital and grasping brokerage that is running our homes and pauperizing the great masses of our citizens; and has nearly reduced us to the Jews in the time of Nehemaial, the Athenians before the advent of Solon and of the Romans after the first Gallic invasion. This money power seems to control legislation and, to a great extent, to exercise a commanding influence over the press. To us the language of Sallust, "Pecuniam omnibus modis vexant." (They have troubled money in every way) and as was said by Juvenal, "are devouring the people to the very bones." L. W. Youmans. Fairfax, S. C., Nov. 7, 1894. Honda will be IhouciL Washington, Nov. 13.?There is no longer any doubt that an issue of bonds has lieen definitely decided upon, and it can be stated on good authority that a circular asking for bids will be issued during the present week, probably by Thursday. It is fully realized that the gold reserve has now reached a point where it could be completely whiped out by a few heavy shipments, and it is thought to be the part of wisdom not to wait until the gold in the treasury is practically exhausted before making an effort to recoup it. Wednesday last Mr. Carlisle, after several consultations with the president, wrote to President Stewart, of the United States Loauand Trust company of New York, reciting the law as to an issue of bonds, and asking his opinion as to which class of bonds could be placed at this time to the greatest advantage to the government. The result of this correspondence was that the president and Mr. Carlisle decided to make the forthcoming issue the same in amount and rate, and, in nearly all other important particulars, the same as the February issue. The circular is now being prepared, and indications point to an official announcement at once. Jiulfffl Killed. Nashville, Tenn.,Nov. 1-1.?Chancellor Andrew Allison of this city was shot and killed in the corridors of the county court house here at 1 o'clock this afternoon by George Whitworth, ex-clerk and master of the Davidson County Chancery Court. Whitworth then attempted to commit suicide and inflicted what will probably prove a fatal wound on himself. Whitworth was appointed to his office by Judge Allison and served one term. At the expiration of that term a few days since Judge Allison appointed his son, Granville Allison, to succeed Whitworth. It was this fact that instigated the murder. Judge Allison was reelected to liis office of Chancellor in August last. He was as man of about fifty years of age and a member of an old and prominent family. A Quoer Sulcl<lr. Norwich, Conn., Nov. 14.?Mary Ncilson, 25 yearn old, of Philadelphia, while dining with a party of friends in this city, in response to a toast, laughingly drank a glass of carbolic acid with suicidal intent, and died soon afterwards. Not one of the party suspected that the liquid was poison until its fatal result was seen. Grief at the death of her husband led to the act. . THE DEATH OF PARKER, AN ORANGEBURG COUNTY INCIDENT OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. How a Hand of Torien Wim Ulipert?d ud Itw Lender Killed by a Hand of Patriot* Under Command of Captain Raiapli?A. Dnrlng Deed. The following interesting story of the Revolutionary War was printed in the Southern Cabinet in 1840: After the seige and fall of Charleston in the year 1780, and the shameful violation of the articles of treaty by the British officers, the war in South Carolina became essentially of a partisan character. The State was overrun, but not subdued. Bold spirits arose everywhere to assert their liberties, and they were frequently and instantaneously crushed by a powerful and unsparing foe, and no recollection now survives of themselves or their deeds;?but not all of them thus perished. One fearful contest tradition lias preserved, which I will endeavor to record;?a struggle of man with his fellow man?a pursuit? a pistol shot and a death. Captain Jacob Rumph, (known after the Revolution, better perhaps, as General Rumph,) of Orangeburg district, was the commander of a trooD of cavalry, raised in his neighborhood to protect themselves and their families, who lost no occasion of aiding their friends or annoviner their enemies. They are all gone;?history has not recorded their names; but few bolder spirits struck for liberty in that eventful war. Captain Rumph was a man of prodigious size ana strength, of great courage and coolness in tnehour of danger, and though of a harsh and imperious disposition, no one was better fitted for the command of the hardy and intrepid men who composed his corps: Tney were usually dispersed at their ordinary avocations on their farms, but they united at a moment's warning from their leader. Not long after Charleston was taken by the British, Capt. Rumph was returning with two of his wagons, which had been sent into Charleston with produce, in charge of a Dutchman named Houselighter; and while slowly riding in company with his wagons on a small, but strong horse, his mind gloomily brooding over the oppressed and almost hopeless condition of South Carolina, he had reached a large pond, on what is now called the old road, about seven miles below the village of Orangeburg, when he was suddenly roused by tiie approach of three men on horse back, whom he instantlv recognized as his most deadly foes, hey were well mounted and armed like himself, with sword and nistol. When the horsemen haa reached the opposite side of the road to Captain Humph, they halted for a moment and would have approached him nearer; but he, placing himself in the best posture of defence he could, called out to them: ' 'Gentleman, stand off?I wish to have nothing to do with you." The Tories, for such they were, surveyed him for an instant; and after a short conference with each other, to Capt. Rumph's great relief, rode on, and soon disappeared at the next turn of the road. Rumph, though he saw with no little satisfaction, that the Tories bad passed on, yet was too well acquainted with them to suppose for a moment that he was to get off so easily. He knew verr well that the short respite they had thus given him was only, that with an increased force he might become their prey with less danger to themselves. He rightly coniectured, that the three who had passed him on the road, were only scouts sent to apprehend nim if unarmed, and who. if he had incau tiouslv suffered them to approach him, would have shot him down while off his guard. Casting his eyes about a moment, for means of escape from his wily foes the danger of his situation became fully apparent. The three troopers he knew belonged to the corps of the sanguinary Cunningham, a part of which, he was certain, was in the neighborhood, under the command of one of his subaltern officers; and Capt. Rumpli, after carefully surveying his situation, became fully conscious of his extreme danger of falling into the hands .of his merciless foes. He was mounted upon a strong but slow horse and the thought of escape on horse back was abandoned by him without hesitation. He was armed with a trusty cut and thrust sword and a brace of pistols; but it would have been madness, he well knew, to think nf fivnnsinir himself to such odds aa he was sure would bo brought against him. There was no time to be lost. His only chance of escape at once flashed across his mind, and he immediately set about executing it. He rode his horse up to the pond already mentioned, and tied him fast to a tree. Ho then took off the greater part of his clothes and left them near his horse, to induce the suspicion that he had concealed himself in that pond. ?But that was very far from his real intention. He walked in the wa:er near the margin of the pond, until he had gained the side opposite to which he had tethered his horse, and choosing with some caution the place at which he could best leave it, lie set off at a rapid rate through the pine woods for home, a distance of some sixteen miles. In the mean time, the throe troopers who as Capt. Humph truly supposed, were a party detached to seize nim if they could, returned to their main body, consisting of about twenty men under the command of Lieutenant Parker, and reported the situation in whic\\ they had left Capt. Rumph. Without loss of time the whole party set off to overtaken him. Upon their arrival at the pond, they found that the wagons had proceeded but little distance from the spot which they occupied when the three Tories passed them, and Capt. Rumph's horso and clothes were in the same situation in laff Kir In'm VV JUUU tuc^V iiuvi IA/VH lUiv WJ ? whole party rode up to the wagon, and fiercely inquired ofpoorHouselighter, who was pale with terror, where Rumph was. He pointed to the pond, and tliey rode up to the place where the lior.se was tied, and when they saw his clothes, and other signs of Rumph's having taken to the pond, they surrounded it on every side, and dismounting they entered it sword in hand, and searched every place where he could possibly have been concealed. But their search was fruitless. Rumph was far on his way towards home, before those who were so eagerly thirsting for his blood could satisfy themselves that lie was not there. I Irritated by the escape of the prey ] which they were so confident they had in their grasp, while one part scoured the neighboring woods in search of Capt. Rumph, the other part of the wagons, and after taking such of the horses as could be serviceable to them, they stripped the wagons of every thing they could carrry away, and burnt them to ashes with the remaining part of their freight. They worried poor Houselighter until he was ready to die with fear, and left him. Capt. Rumph reached home about sun-sei,wnn tne ueierminauon to give his pursuers chance of a fight with less odds on one side; and he immediately set about collecting the scattered members of his corps. This was soon accomplished?and they, about twentyfive in number, were ready to set off in pursuit of the Tories by day-light the next morning. This party had proceeded for several hours on their way, and had nearly reached the spot where the wagons of their leader had been burned the day before, and which was the scene of his perilous escape, when they were informed that the Tories, not far below, were feeding their horses near the road and were wholly unprepared for an attack. The patriots were extremely anxious to be led to the charge. Just before their eyes weretho evidences of the wanton destruction of property by the Tories, and their memories could readily supply numberless instances of their horrid barbarity, rapine, and murder. They proceeded at a quickened pace along tne road, and soon their enemies appeared in the situation in * * n 111 .1 :a wmcn tney naa Deen uescriueu, wuu their horses carelessly feeding with their saddles on, their bridle-bits out of their mouths, and their riders lying about in groups or sleeping apart from from the rest on the ground. No surprise could have been more complete. The Tories discovered their opponents at the distance of three or four hundred yards, and at once prepared for fight. They soon caught their horses bridled them, and in and instant were mounted and flying in every direction. "Save who can," was the only word. Capt. Rumph and his Troopers dashed down upon them, and as the Tories scattered, everv one for himself, the patriots were ooliged to single out and pursue, as they were nearly equal in number, almost every one his man. Various were the results of that fight and pursuit. It was the fortune of Lieutenant Parker, the officer in command of the Tories, to be singled out by Lieutenant Wannamaker, of Capt. Rumph'6 troop. Wannamaker was a man of singular boldness and true devil-maycare soi*t of spirt. He was a fine horseman. and onlhis occasion was uncommonly well mounted. In this respect, however, he was not superior to Parker ; for after a chase of nearly two miles. Wannamaker had gained but little if any upon Parker?but, unfortunately for the latter, after keeping well ahead for that distance, and while looking back to see if the enemy was gaining upon him, his horse carried him under a stooping tree, which struck him a violent blow upon the left shoulder as he rode uuder it and knocked him nearly off, and in his struggle to recover himself his saddle turned and got under the belly of his horse. In that situation he rode for some distance at an evident disadvantage, and Wannamaker be^an to gain upon him. Parker's horse, however, broke the firth, and the saddle fell, so that Parer was again for a while able to keep Wannamaker at a safe distance. But it soon became apparent, to Parker's great dismay, that his hose's wind was failing from being ridden without a saddle. In vain he whipped and spurred his jaded horse. Wannamaker was shortening the distance between them at every leap. Parker beheld him nearly within pistol shot; and, frightened beyond measure, he took off his hat and beat his horse on the sides with it to accelerate his speed. It succeeded for a moment, but the fagged horse had done his utmost. w?nn?m?W -was inqt. h#?hind and called out to him with presented pistol. "Parker, halt! or I will kill you." Parker heeded not, but continued with renewed violence his blows with his hat. Wannamaker approached nearer and called to him again; but still he rode on. Wannamaker called to him again, the third time, and offered him auarter; but the unhappy man knew tnat he had no right to expect that mercy which he had never given, halted not. "Halt, Parker," says Wannamaker "I have told you the last time." Parker rode on. Wannamaker fearing something might occur to incline the chances against him, approached the doomed man within half a horses' length and fired. Parker rode erect for a moment; but his hold soon relaxed?he fell backwards on his horse I ?rolled heavily off, and expired. J. Says He Can Restore Life. Syracuse, N. Y., Nov. 13.?Dr. P. J. Gibbons, of this city, this afternoon forwarded to Governor Flower an application for permission to try his theory of the resuscitation of human beings "killed" by electricity, on Charles F. Wilson, who is to be electrocuted at Auburn State prison for the murder of Detective Harvey, of this city. Dr. Gibbons said to me: "I have been present at the autopsies of electrocuted murderers, and have carefully studied the reports of autopsies of this character made by other scienitfic men. We find no pathological change, 110 change in the blood, and no destruction of any vital organs or! tissues which we would have in death, I and could determine cause of death in the autopsy. I have always con-1 tended that execution by electricity is painless, and that it renders the subject instantly unconscious, but very often does not produce death. 11 assert that the condition produced is suspended animation, excepting when the electrocuted one be physically weak, having heart disease, aneurism, or some other similar affection, in which case the diseased parts are frequently ruptured by the shock. "My intention is to discover some means of saving1 the lives of those ac- J cidentally shocked. I will have everything in readiness and will operate upon the bodv as soon as the surgeon pronounces death. We will apply Eromptly a current of electricity to eep up body heat and body electricity. My methods and apparatus arc simple. The latter consists of two bellows so arranged that they enter the one tube. The distal end of the tube we insert through the neck, as in tracheotomy. When we depress the handles one bellows inflates the lungs, and when we elevate the handles the other exhausts the lungs, and on the next depression drives the air into space. This operation is continued. I would not bo discouraged till at least three hours had passed." FOREST FIRES. A Colorado jTown Destroyed?Large Loss of Lives and Property. Boulder, Col., Nov. 15.?A forest fire which was started from a camp fire last evening has been raging all night and today North of the mining camp of Gold Hill, a town of five hundred inhabitants, fifteen miles from here. The timber is as dry as powder and a fierce wind carried it over five miles of dense timber in a short time. Fifty people came into Boulder this afternoon in wagons from Gold Hill, mostly women and children. They report that the business men and miners were carrying what goods and property they could into the mining tunnels and had abandoned hope of saving their stores and dwellings. A courier arrived at Boulder at 1:30 p. m., reporting that all the buildings at Camu Talcott, a short distance from Gold Hill, were burned except the stamp mill and that the fire had reached the Western portion of Gold Hill, burning the mill of the Prussian mine. Several ranch houses were burned this morning, two men named Eihler and Zaman being badlyburned. At 3 p. m. the fire was spreading toward the town of Copper Kock. The gravity of the case is fully appreciated here at Boulder and the utmost excitement prevails. It is believed many small camps will be burned. The residents of Gold Hill who have not come to Boulder have assembled on the top of Horsefel Mountain and are watching the progress of the flames as they; consume tneir former homes. The wind is blowing furiously and drives the fire before it in large sheets of flame. The property loss will amount to over $1,500,000. There will necessarily be great destitution. Among the business houses at Gold Hill are the following: Frank Body, general merchandise and postoffice; Dr. Trovilian, drug store; Johnson and Hawkins, general merchandise store; James Corvell, boots and shoes; Mi's. J. Murphy, hotel. seen forty miles away. Denver. Col.. Nov. 15.?At3o'clock a fierce wind and dust storm struck the city from the North, filling the air so that it was impossible to see across the street for a long time. Many plate glass windows and awnings were destroyed. The temperature fell 20 degrees in thirty minutes. Before the storm broke dense clouds of smoke could be plainly seen rolling up the mountains around Gold Hill forty miles distant. At 6 p. m. a wet snow began falling but it is probably too late to save Gold Hill from destruction. loss of life large. Memphis, Tenn., Nov. 15.?Reports from the forest districts in this vicinity show that while the loss of property is not great, considering the extent of the territory covered, the loss of life exceeds apprehensions. Within fifteen miles or Memphis three lives have been lost by fire in the past two (lavs, and there are rumors of a fearful burning in Arkansas, where five lives were Tost. The remains of five human beings were lounci, witn tne flesh and clothing all burned off, in St. Francis bottom, all-within a quarter of a mile of each other. There are fears that they are the remains of a party of hunters from Texas that went into that country last week, but there is nothing to support this except the number of the bodies. Fatalities in this county are peculiarly distressing. Fanny Woods, an aged negress, had her dress ignited as she fled from a burning house,and she ran, surrounded by flames till she fell dead. Pitt Roy, a nine-year-old boy, ran into his father's house, which was afire, to save some property. The house collapsed and he was burned to death before many spectators. The name of the third victim could not be ascertained. the destruction very great. London, Nov. 15.?As a result of the violent winds, heavy rains and overflowing rivers the inhabitants of some of the river siae vmas ai XLton and Windsor are obliged to approach the doors of their houses in boats. Upwards of a thousand persons in Bath are rendered homeless by the overflowing of the Avon. Generally the rainfall continues, but the gales have subsided. London, Nov. 15.?The British ship Culmere, Captain Read, last reported at Hamburg, October 1, from Iquicui, foundered m yesterday's gale eighty miles off Spurnhead, Yorkshire. Twenty-two persons were drowned, including the captain and his wife. Eight bodies were washed ashore at Worthing this morning. It is believed that the Britisli steamer Zande, last reported at Hamburg, November 1, from Raffi, also was lost yesterday. Heavy floods are reported on the island of ^ * -i* i-v f t : ?i uyprus. i\. cuspatcn irom uiamaui says twenty-one persons were drowned and that the number of domestic animals destroyed is far into thousands. A Curious Case. Cincinnati Nov. 14.?A subpoena for the arrest of Col. Coit, who commanded the militia at Washington Court House during the recent riot over the {attempted lynching of two men, has been issued. The subpoena cites that Col. Coit was wanted as a witness at the trial. His friends have urged him not to accept service on the subpoena, as they claim it is merely a ruse on the part of the authorities of Washington Court House to get him there and then place him in jail 011 the charge of murder. They state that the feeling against him is so intense at the latter place that his life would be in jeopardy. The members of the local militia are greatly excited over the affair and some of the hot-headed ones advise that the militia go to Washington Court House without uniforms, but with their muskets loaded and act iis a body guard. It is stated that Col. V^Uit Ilcts UUfglrtpiJfU V4UTVA4*vk *..w Kinley asking what lie (Coit) shall do in the matter. The Governor is reported to have advised Col. Coit to go to Washington Court House in response to the subpoena and that if he finds that matters there are of such a character that his life is in danger, the Governor will order out the militia to protect him and preserve order. Up to a late hour this afternoon Col. Coit had not decided whether or not he would go. Sensible Furmern. Dallas, Nov. 14.?The planters here are determined not to plant more than one-half of this year's acreage of cotton next season, as at the present market price the cost of production is in excess of the selling price from 1 to 2 cents per pound. li,very hale of this year's Texas cotton will he marketed within six weeks. * THE COTTON CROP. WHAT MR. ALF. B. SHEPPERSON HAS TO SAY ABOUT IT. Tlie Largest Crop Kvcr Ma<le Was Nine Million Two Hundred Thousand Bales In 1890-91?Half a Million Acres Less Planted this Year. Charleston', S. C., Nov. 14.?With a view to finding out just how much credit was to be given to the recently published statement of the present cotton crop of 10,000,000 bales, and to put before its readers a trustworthy and intelligent statement of the cotton situation at the present time, the Charleston News and Courier applied to Mr. Alfred B. Shepperson, of New York, the well-known cotton statistician, and author of that invaluable trade medium of the cotton trade, Cotton Facts, and received the following icuijr ; New York, Nov. 8.?Cotton lias declined again today, chiefly I understand, upon a crop estimate just issued by Mr. Neill of New Orleans,that the crop will be over ten millions of bales. The crop is undoubtedly a large one, but I confess that I am unable to see any basis for such a large estimate. The largest crop ever grown in this country was that which was planted in 1890. The yield of that crop was probably 9,200,000. The commercial crop of that season was 8,674,000 bales and the difference between this and the quantity which I have given as the probable yield was marketed in the following season. There is no evidence whatever to Erove that the acreage of the crop now eing marketed was any larger than that of the crop of 1890-91, nor is there any evidence to my mind at least, that the weather conditions have been more favorable this year than in 1890. I am at a loss, therefore, to understand to what cause or causes can be reasonably attributed a yield so much in exr*/\e*ct nf 4-V* A nYiAn nf 1)500 1/c33 vi lug v/iv^/ vta iuuv. The acreage in 1890 was about 20,500,000 acres, and I do not think anyone has claimed or will claim that it was any more this year. The department of agriculture has been making since Feb. 1, a careful investigation of the cotton acreage and has employed a special agent for the purpose, who has travelled throughout the South, and has investigated the matter, as I am informed, in the most thorough manner possible. The Acting Secretary of Agriculture wrote me on October 25, that the result of the investigation was that the acreage in 1893 was 19,525,000 acres. There has been but a small increase in acreage this year over 1893. the department of agriculture calling the increase less than 1 percent., so that the. acreage of the crop now coming in is, according to the department of agriculture's estimate, about 19,650,000 acres. Let us assume that the department -- ?jif famnxi'liof qt1/1 lias uiiuer-cstimetku h wiuuiuiu?wuu that the acreage is as much as 20,000,000 acres. This, as you will see, is 500,000 acres less than 1890, and yet we are asked to believe that upon an acreage of 500,000 acres less than in 1890 a crop of a million bales more has been grown. I am not prepared to accept such a conclusion, because it is utterly repugnant to reason and common sense. At these low prices, or anything like them, the tendency will be to largely increased consumption of cotton everywhere, and there will evidently be upon the part of spinners a general disposition to buy cotton greatly in excess of their wants for the season, because at these prices they can well afford to carry in the mill warehouse a large supply of cotton in the next season. There can be no question that unless the price advances very greatly by the time for planting the next crop that the acreage devoted to cotton will be reduced to an extent that it never has been curtailed before, from one year to another. So great a reduction in acreage would cause beyond doubt an advance as great and as rapid as the decline has been. When preparations were made for planting this crop middling cotton was worth 8 cents in New York, and should there be jj. great reduction of acreage this spring it will be very likely to go to 8 cents again soon after tne next crop is planted, and the world recognizes the fact bevond dispute that the acreage has been, and consequently that the supply of cotton will be greatly reduced. fillip fWnlv with the South i XT-J em people because of the great depression which has overtaken their staple crop, and from the manner in which cotton is being rushed to market it looks to me as if when the advance in cotton comes it will not benefit the planters because they will have sold all of their crop, and that the spinners and speculators alone will reap the benefit of the tardy advance. Yours verv truly, Alfred B. Shepperson. A Just Finding. Columbus, 0., Nov 15.?Coroner Edwards of Fayette County today reported his findings in the inquests upon the bodies of the persons who were killed by the volley of the militia defending the court liouse, where the rapist Dolby was confined. The Coroner holds the shooting to have been unjustifiable and holds Sheriff Cook and Colonel Coit, who were in command of the militia, responsible for the fatal results. The finding was not unexpected. The Coroner is an uncle of one of the victims. So far as can be learned to-night no warrants had been issued for the arrest of the men but Welsh, the father of one of the victims, will swear out the warrants to-morrow. Colonel Coit'sfriends protest against his being taken to Washington Court House without a a military escort for fear of assassination. Governor McKinlev refuses to discuss the matter, but ir it is made apparent that the lives of the officers will be endangered he will send a suf ficient force for their protection. The feeling against community is growing very strong in other parts of the State. TltOUHAllllti Slalu. Londo.v, Nov. 13.?Three thousand Armenians, including women and childlen, are reported to have been massacred accordin<* to a Constantinople dispatch to the Daily News, in the Sassoun region, near Moosh, Turkish Armenia, during a recent attack by the Kurps. Twenty-five villageswere destroyed. The Turkish officials declare that the report is not true; and that it grew out of the supppression of a small uprising in the region in question. The British ambassador is mak1 ing inquiries into tho matter.