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Q ttomI 6 ODAY the songbirds of the Unltei States have thrown about them thf Si /^"^V s*rong arm protection. For ? H A quarter of a century there wat M hard and systematic work to save f** creatures who were helpless tc save themselves and against whom ?>a cnmunno has nut it. the hand of man and th head of woman constantly were raised. It per haps is hardly necessary to say that the allusion to the head of woman had to do with the fashion of wearing the plumage of native wild birds for decorations for hats and bonnets. It ivas a hard fight to get the masses of the people interested In the bird protection movement. Today very little is known in a general way of the manner in which success was wrought out. It is not at all uncomraan even now to hear the bird protectors spoken of as mere sentimentalists, and there are men who have had a part in the fight to save the wild life who have been sneered at as effeminate. The truth is that most of the men who engaged in the work of preserving the feathered species were hard-headed and could prove on occasion that they were hard fisted. It takes only a casual glance at a woman's hat today to show that the fashion of wearing feathers is still if not supreme, at least a ruler to a it should be known. how ever, that not once In a hundred times do you see on a woman's head today the plumage of a native American bird. The traffic in the feathers of bluebirds, robins, catbirds and other dooryard pets has been almost entirely stopped. Even those who wish that the plumage-wearing habit should cease altogether are powerless to prevent the sale of the feathers of certain species of for. eign birds. The aigrette of which woman is so fond is a part of the plumage of the snowy heron, a bird which lives not only in the United States but in certain foreign countries. If a bird Is to be found in America and also abroad the sale of Its plumage Is generally forbidden in the United States, but there is, and always has been, some difficulty in proving from whence came the supply. Law, generally speaking, has its technicality loopholes and the bird protective law is not exempt. Out of the bird protective movement grew Lhe biological survey 01 me department or agri<+&? -.\?r "0f$M ; - V *?Z%ji? - -v" " '/'. v > > v " :-v .- */* *'?'. XZNTUCXY Wtoat&~/Z !' culture ot the United States government. The biological survey has been of great service to the farmers of the United States and to all men engaged either directly or indirectly in any form of agricultural pursuits. When the survey was threatened with extinction a few years ago by the apparent tntention of congress to refuse it an appropriation, the farmers of the United States with the bird protectors and the real sportsmen, rose in Its defense and saved It. The survey probably will be spared to continue its useful work "as long as the agricultural department has existence. The history of bird protection in the United States naturally and of right, is connected with the history of two organizations, the various state Audubon societies for the protection of wild birds, and the American Ornithologists' union. Recently William Dutcher of New York, who is the president of the National Association of Audubon societies and a fellow of the American Ornithologists' union, told the " * * * * ' ' a J In ftAn. ornithologists 01 me worm asacmuicu 111 UUU" ventlon In a European city the story of the bird protection movement In North America. Mr. Dutcher and all the other officers of the National Association of Audubon societies are men who have devoted their lives to the study of birds and to their protection. A celebrated French scientist said not long ago that If the bird life were to be swept out of existence man could survive only a few months. Because of the ravages of the insects Pressure of Light on Light, traveling its 186,000 miles a and there second, once was regarded an ethe- they coul real, immaterial something in vibra- on matte tlon. Simon Newcomb, in his "Popu- But tod lar Astronomy," Issued in 1878, said science h; of this: "If light were an emission sure of 1 of material particles, as Newton 6up- light prei posed it to be, this supposed pressure 74,000 toi % of light would have some plausibility, of deduct But light is now conceived to consist any obje< of vibrations in an ethereal medium sorbs ligl W ^ - ' nrraHMc tonrra^ Warn ? ] (jr ?-S /|| C/??AT WH/r? lA\ -JLU /jfif/ra/v |Pf^||^ /* I % ..^ ' ^ 1RDEN JJi riOP/OA, ?' LED /// P?/?ro/?/lANC? -DUTY now held In check by the birds, the vegetation creatures would be destroyed by the Insect enemies. So it would seem that if this French scientist is right, that In making their fight for the birds the defenders have been making their fight for man, a fact which is not appreciated by. some of those who would suffer were it not for the constant saving efforts of men whom on occasion they have seen fit to call cranks. To lead up to the establishment of the Audubon societies, of which nearly every state in the Union has one, it might be said that it was not until the year ,1883 that the public In the United States awakened to the fact that too many wild birds were being slaughtered, largely for millinery ornaments and other decorative purposes. In addition, thousands of song and Insectivorous birds were killed annually for food. In his story of the movement for bird protection President Dutcher told of the beginnings of the crusade to save the lives of the songsters which year by year were coming back to the farm and the garden in greatly decreased numbers. Mr. Dutcher said, speaking of the condition In 1883: 'The newspapers published items almost daily on tin subject, and many strong editorials were written. A quotation from one of these entitled 'The Sacrifices of Song Birds' will show the earnestness of the press In respect to the situation: 'The destruction of American wild birds for millinery purposes has assumed stupendous proportions. The unholy work gives employment to a vast army of men and women and this army wages Its campaign of destruction with a diabolical perfection of system.' "The editorial In question further refers to details of the work published In other columns-of the paper, which furnishes evidence of the ghastly character of the business. The logical result of this newspaper agitation was that the American Ornithologists' union at its annual meeting held in New York city September 30, 1884, appointed a committee of Its members to investigate the extent of the alleged wild bird destruction and to devise means to stop the slaughter by legal or any other legitimate method. "This committee found that the claims of akapo r*r?/l r\ f u-oro nnt 1 n f h P V1IC pxcoo (U*U Wi luumuuwiu ?? V* V uw ?-? least exaggerated, but on the other hand did not fully represent the * terrible inroad? that were being made on the non-game birds. .7 17 er on the reflectlnj tne IhCiTin mankind is not to knocked out Dy, tn; ) is no known way in which shown in the fact th d exert any impelling force of light particles str r." ery second, these ov ay Newton Is supported and bers of particles eqi as gone so far into the pres- one-half pound shot ight as to figure that this 000 miles in a secoi ssure on the globe reaches unknown Influence is. Further, along the lines congeal the immeas ion, there is pressure upon of light Into solid si ct that reflects or that ab- every second, there': it, the pressure being great- er of death from tl I After a lapse of a quar#H^W1 ter ?' a century 11 ls hard *?r the pe?pie ?' the I)resent day to realIze enormous num?&!'.<'' ~ v\ . vMrl ber of birds that were ?i' , ' ^.x"i slaughtered for the mllr linery trade alone. j||"The fcTeatest sufI; ferers were the white ' ^^pTrMr fr:' p 1 u m ag e sea and \' swamp birds, such as terns, gulls and heron, ^ut incredible numZj bers of land birds also pfi were sacrificed, some *v*^SlS or ^ species being included In the lists. In i mi a millinery estab ment alone 150 skins ?* the Baltimore orloles were found. "From the work " " "" -J started by this committee In 1884 the present well-organized and financially endowed corporation known as tfie National Association of Audubon Societies for the Protection of Wild Birds and Animals has resulted, although In the interim there were many periods when the outlook for bird protection in North America seemed doomed to failure." It was the result of an appeal made to congress by the council of the Ornithologists' union that led congress to vote an appropriation of $5,000, the money to be administered * * J nf QC. under the direction or ine aeiJiw liucui. rlculture for the purpose of taking mean? to save the lives of the native American birds which were useful to man. As William Dutcher says further in his story of the protective movement: "In recognition of the action taker, by the American Ornithologists' union in securing the appropriation, the secretary of agriculture invited the council of the union to select a superintendent to carry on the work and at a subsequent meeting held in Washington, Dr. Clinton Hart Merriam was selected as the superintendent and Dr. Albert K. Fisher as his assistant. Both of these noted ornithologists were among the founders of the American Ornithologists' union." It was from tnis humble beginning that the present biological survey, a division of the United States department of agriculture, has grown. It is perfectly apparent from the letters which agriculturists send to Washington constantly that the work of the biological survey has its value appreciated more and more every year. The survey has published a great mass of valuable statistics of the food habits nf birds and their relation to agriculture and forestry. As has been said, there are Audubon societies for bird protection in nearly every state in the Union, rney are amnaiea ui uuc sicm society called the National Association of Audubon societies. The writer of this article from personal knowledge can speak of the beginnings!. of one of the largest and most active of the state organizations. Persons who were known to be Interested in birds were asked to meet to form a protective organization. A good many persons not particularly interested in bird protection also were Invited. Several women came to that first meeting, wearing the plumage of wild birds in their hats. At first the society intended to do its work by persuasive missionary efforts, and along this line to a considerable extent the endeavor has been ever since, ? I ? ; matter. That darkness, relieved only by em,-.thorp>ri nr zling whitehot missiles be auiuvwv. ~ ? _ is, however, is usat 10,000 trillions Ike the globe ev- The Briefest Letter erwhelming num- Even the new French reai laling a five and postcards, upon which you falling the 185,- to tick off the sentences ths id. Unless some oase, do not beat the record suddenly should in a holiday corresponded urable -corpuscles lished by a Frenchman in lot, each striking teenlh century. Voltaire ? s no danger eith- Ihe epigrammatist, exchai le shots or of a lenges to write the shortes but It was soon found that while some people ha were willing to be guided by pleas of humanity and by stories of the destwiction of the sh growing things because of the rapid Increase vc In insect life, there were others who could not be reached by any except hard handed methods. , ca sil So it Is that the bird protectors not oniy have carried on a great work in the education a of children and in moral suasion among the m elders, but they have taken cases into court and have prosecuted wilful and persistent violators of the law, until today the bird protective laws are as much feared as any other laws on the statute books. There always have been some laws against the wanton killing of useful birds, but until the men and women of m the American Ornithologists' union and of the nc Audubon society went earnestly at their labors .w the laws were laughed at and violated with im- n punity and almost always with immunity. Years ago untold thousands of useful na- n( tive birds were trapped to be sold as pets in jn The women at the south complained Wl to the women of the north who were engaged In bird protection work that their mocking sc birds and red birds (cardinals) were being (rapped in multitudes because of the demand by the trade In northern cities for caged or songsters. The bird protectors of the north ^ took the matter up and in nearly all places today it is Illegal to sell caged wild native American birds. About fifteen years ago there was a week tic of zero weather in some of the southern states, wl The blue bird, which is a northern favorite, th does not go far enough south In winter to th escape all of the storms of the winter season, nl The unusual cold of that winter fifteen years be ago almost annihilated the tribe of bluebirds. There were only a few left to come back to in the northern fields In the spring. The blue' of bird, however, was protected, and the effi* th clency of the Audubon society's work was ar never more clearly shown than in this case, le The blue birds today have recruited their fr ranks under protection and are as numerous as ever they were. m For years tfie bird protectionists went, pc ahead with their work with the treasury at a is low point. to It always had been hoped that some kindly disposed person would realize the strength ^ and beauty of bird protection work and would give of this substance to the cause. The man known as a scientist nor as a bird student One day. however, Albert Willcox saw a newsn.iner account of some of the bird protection fr work done by the national Association of Audubon societies and he wrote a letter asking n< for more details. He received-the information 1 that he wanted and he wrote to say that he &c was about to make a new will and felt so 01 much pleased with the work of (he society v* that he would give it annually during his lifetime a considerable sum of money to be used ^ in carrying on the work of the association, ar and that when he died he would give the soci- ot ety a legacy of $100,000 in his will, and, he fa added, "I may net limit It to this amount." s* Albert Willcox died four years ago. He left hc $100,000 to the Audubon society as he had ?' promised, and in addition he made the society ai his residuary legatee to the extent of one-half *?i his estate. Today the National Association of Audubon societies, through the generosity of Mr. Willcox, is placed on a sure and lasting foundation. The bird protective work has been going on for a quarter of a ccntury. It had all sorts of trials and tribulations, but today It seems that the friends of the feathered kingdom have triumphed in their cause. The promise Is that thtre will be no cessation of the work which means so much to the bird and more to man. -----? 1 the siz- letter. So, when Voltaire was starting jmbardlng on a holiday, he wrote to Piton, "Eo ^ rus," which is the complete Latin for ^ "I am going into the country." Piton'a 8. answer was Just "I"?complete Latin jy printed for "Go!" The tick on the new post- I have only aird can hardly be shorter than that 6 it fit your single letter. In business correspond- I of brevity ence the record is divided between :e estab- Victor Hugo, who, anxious to know t the eigh- how his "Les Miserables" was going, ^ ind Piton. wrote to the publisher ?and the iged chal- publisher, who triumphantly replied it possible "I"?London Chronicle. k. IS LIVELIHOOD AT STAKE ertainly Candidate for Governor J Could Not Expect to Get That Vote. An incident in which former Gov nor Odell of New York figured as i ie victim was told by Col. James amilton Lewis at a recent banquet. "When Governor Odell was last inning for office," said Colonel Lew, "there had been a great deal of Ik about Niagara Falls and tne eiecical power that could be conferred f 1 all parts of New York. One day , 1 old negro halted Mr. Odell and jj lid: " 'Mr. Odell. is yo' runnin' for gov'- ^ ;r, sah?' " 'I am,' answered the candidate. " 'I guess yo' want my vote, den,' j i! tid the colored man. " 'Well, I would like to have your j )te, Zeb. I have known you for so jj any years.' " 'Well, I jist want to ask you a lestion, Mr. Odell, befo' I give mah j! )te to you. Are yo* for electTic lights dis town?' ' "Well, Zeb, I am for all modern im ovements,' said Odell, with a slight j inrlch _ '"Well, sah, I can't vote for you,' 'fc ild Zeb with firmness. 'Yo' done for- t ;t dat I is a lamp lighter.'" 1 I TRY MURINE EYE REMEDY 1 >r Red, Weak, Weary, Watery Eyes ild Granulated Eyelids. Murine Doesn't ? mart?Soothes Eye Pain. Druggists S ell Murine Eye Remedy, Liquid. 25c, i )c, $1.00. Murine Eye Salve in . septic Tubes, 25c, $1.00. Eye Books _ ad Eye Advico Free by Mail. * Murine *.ye Remedy Co., Chicago. ? His Point of View. jj "John, dear," queried the young' j ife, glancing up from the physical \ ilture magazine she was perusing, t vhat is your' idea of a perfect fig- t eT" . "Well," replied her husband, "$100,- j 10 may not be perfection, but it's J ;ar enough to satisfy a man of my ? tnple tastes." I ee Cure for Rheumatism and Bone $ Pains. ^ Botanic Blood Balm (B. B. B.) cures $ a n-nrct nf r)iPiimat.iK?n hone J :ins, Bwollen muscles and joints, by irifying the blood and destroying the ^ ic acia in the blood. Thousands of ^ ses cured by B. B. B. after all other ? ;atments failed. Price ?1.00 per large $ ttle at drug stores, with complete direc- 5 >ns. Large sample free by writing Blood $ ilm Co., Atlanta, Ga., Department B. ^ < Planning a Desperate Revenge. The haughty, imperious beauty $ inded him back his ring. ^ "Now that all is over between us," $ e said, "I suppose you will buy a re- ^ lver and put an end to your wretch- $ i existence?" $ S "Worse than that!" he hissed, being $ reful to introduce the necessary $ bilant; "far wors-s-se! I shall steal ^ revolver! And I shall shoot your $ easly little sore eyed poodle!" A wild shriek burst from her lips. ^ She fell upon her knees and But he had gone. ^ s Not Easy. Pat was a married man?a ^cery uch married man. He had married ) fewer than four times, and all his Ives were still in the fore. Accordg to Pat's own account before the >urt where he was tried for bigamy id found guilty, his experiences were >t altogether satisfactory. The Judge, passing sentence, expressed his onder that the prisoner could be ich a hardened villain as to delude i many women. L "Yer honor," said Pat, apologetical- "T wjiR nnlv trvin' to eet a erood m le, an* it's not aisy!"?Lippincott's I agazine. I Getting a Reputation. There Is a desk in the senate par- n jularly convenient as a place from g hich to make speeches. It is next to N e aisle and almost in the center of ti e chamber, and affords an opportuty for the speaker to make every- u idy hear. At least a dozen senators, accordg to the Washington correspondent the St Louis Star, have borrowed is desk when they had special utterices to deliver to the senate. This d, not long ago, to a mild protest om its legitimate occupant "I am perfectly willing to give up y desk," said he, "but I am afraid jople will think that the same man talking all the time. I don't want get the reputation of constantly ling the senate with words."? outh's Companion. One of the Best Rest Cures. j - Is a good story. To many women it is as good as a j lp away from home. When you are tired out and your ! ;rves ar > on edge, try going off by j mrself and losing yourself in some >od story. You will, in nine cases g it of ten, come back rested and in- | gorated. One woman who has passed serenethrough many years of hard work E id worry that go with the managing a house and bringing up of a large v mily of children, said that she con- y dered it the duty of every busy tc >usekeeper to read a certain amount Si 1 "trash." light fiction, for the rest g l'd change to the mind that it would n ve. 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A i HH that I had a tumor in addition to my j female trouble, ana \ / advised an opera \/ tion. Lydia E. >inkham,3 Vegetable Compound made ae a well woman and I have no more lackache. I hope I can help others by elling them what Lydia E. JPinkham's fegecable Compound has done for ae."?Mbs. EioiAliiSE, 833 First St., lilwaukee, Wis. The above is only one of the .thouands of grateful letters which are onstantly being received by the ^inkham Medicine Company of Lynn, lass.,which prove beyond a doubtthat lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable,Com. >oun<L made from roots and herbs, ofiiollTT Hnoa Anro fhaRA rth.dWnafA dig. 1 lases of women after all other means iave failed, and that every such raffling woman owes it to herself to at east give Lydia E. Pinkham'fl Vegetans Compound a trial before suOTiiiting to an operation, or gMng up iope of recovery. Mrs. Pinkham, of I/ynn, Mass* nvites all sick women to -write ler for advice. She has raided liousunds to health ana her id vice is free. 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