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L.4; I.IN. GOYERNOR'S MESSAGE, XECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, CoLaU. , S. C, Nov. 23, 1857. Feldte cdizens of the Senate and House of Rep resentatives: Assembling as you do for the public service from every election district in the State, repre senting all professions, and occupations, you bear with you, doubtless, a grateful sense of the present blessings enjoyed by our citizens, of health and bountiful harvests, and will cheer fully unite with me in aspirations ofgpraise to the Almighty Power, by whom alore they are bestowed. In view of all the circumstances by which we are surrounded, our people (cannot have too scrupulous a regard to individual in tegrity, nor can we too strictly guard against the failings which peculiarly beset us, kssured that a practical life, which best. ilhtstrates a due sense of duty to God and-our neighbor, constitutes the most acceptabld service to Him who orders the affairs of men, and whose eyes are upon us all. It must needs be that sickness and death visit every community, striking down the youthful and the aged, the vigorous and active, as well as the infirm. If we have seen the energetic minds. industrious powers, and generous impul ses of friends and public servants still in death. we have left to us the inestinable satisfaction of knowing that they met Iheir Catewitltchur age in the path of duty. Since yotir last ses sien, death has deprived the delegation to Con gress from this State of two valued members. In the month of February, the I ion. Preston S. Brooks, while in the midst (if active public di ty, engaged in a course of usefulness and honor. and winning by his manly conduct and sterling worth the confidence and admiration of mein bers, was removed to another sphere. The only official intimation I had of Mr. Brooks' death, was communicated on the 25th of March, by one of our Senators-the late Judge Butler. Within two months from that date, he too was laid in the silent grave, beside his gallant rela tive and friend. Excitable and conscientious as he was, the labors of the last Congress had proved too much for him. Honorable and fair in despatching business-vigilant and faithll in his peculiar trust-diligent, spirited, and able in discharging it, his nervous sensibilities were too highly wrought upon,. and the tension of his mental energies too incessant to be longer endured by the physical frame. Soon after reaching the coveted quiet of his own home, he sank into the arms of death, universally regret ted by his associates in life, mourned and lameiW ted by his constituents-the people -of this State. The vacancy created in the Fourth Congres. sional District, has been filled by the election of Gen. Milledge L. Bonham, of Edgefield, who was commissioned in May last. In place of the Ilon. A. P. Butler,. I have made no temporary appointment. You will doubtless appreciate the importance of supply ing the vacancy by joint ballot of both Houses without delay, in order that the new Senator may be-enabled-to take.his- seastn'lhe next. Congress at an early day of the session. There is yet to be mentioned the name of another venerable citizen, once intimately and promi nently associated with the government of both the Stato and the United States, whose loss we deplore, and to whose brilliant career of early servdco I may be permitted to allude. Erect and commanding in stature up to the day of his last illness, grave and dignified in deportment, wise in council, firm, resolute and faithful in the practice of his profession and the duties of life-such was Langdon Cheves. Successful in life, full of honors, and prostrate only under the weight of years, he has been laid in the grave by grateful countrymen and weeping friends, with all the solemnities and respectful observances due to such an occasion. Ile was the last of the distinguished trio, who by their ability, integrity and courage rendered the South Carolina delegation in Congress, during the war of 1812, so distinguished and influen tial. Together they labored nobly and elli ciently, in those days of fearful excitement and trying ditliculty, for the welfare and honor of their country. The Navy, which it wa r Cheves' peculiar care to develope and cherish ; the Navy, bearing its flag and leaving its name t riumphant upon every sea, taught the irouid foe a lesson of justice, to recognise America as an equal among the nations of the earth. The war honorably closed and a peace establishment settled, he retired, from the Speaker's chair to serve his State in the Judiciary Department, until called on by President Monroe to adiuinis ter the Bank of the United States. Absent ten years, he returned in 1829 to the quiet of his native hills, proclaiming to the South the danger which lie had perceived afar oir sinmul taneously with his distinguished conmpeer in the tendency of }'ederal Legislation. Beyond oc casional counsel, he declined all participaltionl in public life, until the year 1850. Then, at the age of seventy-four, he appearedl at Nashville as a member of the Southerni Convention, in tent to perform to the last his part, by warning ]is countrymen against the policy of a majority in Congress, which, substituting expediency for* principle, was gradually sapping the Constitu tion, andi threatening ultimiately the rights of the States. hlis last iniic act wa~s signing the Ordmnance of 1852-passed biy the State Con ventioni, of which he was a nimber. P'adt ih< age ot four-score years, having long survived his great co-laborers and worthy cnlleagues Loiwndes and Calhoun--he too is gone. Iaike them, he has left uis in his upjright examle im all public stations, in the loftme.'s, the purity, the simplicity or his character, mn the truth and . power, and grandeur of lis eloqueence, a legacy of priceless worth. Tut Soc'ru Camo.in f.1 ir.t:: .:.-TJhiis inmui tution, so de'serveduly c'heriihed( by the iPeole of the State for its izufulnem s,:. w-enl as it re nown, has undlergone., .,inee your. i0 jouiriumuent, a severe trial, Qiwing to the indhiscretioin of yout h, -and some mistaken inotionls of honor whicmh have. obtained among the students, toget her writ h the want ot aptitude and power to adniimister the laws of the College, wichi unhappily ebar aterized the Presidnt. a maun distinguished ihr science, and otherFwise'of practical usefulness, wtho, as Profe.sor of Mathemuiatic., was eninent ly competent, able and valuabile. Cl':led to gethuer at an extraiordinary meeting in the month of .June, the Board of Truistees deemed it essential to thie due paerformancme of their trust, to re-organiz.e the government of the College. Accoringly, the meinhiers oh the Faculty were invited to resign--President, 3e Cay had prevtiously tenidered Is resignation; and tie exercises of the College were suspended -till the 1st of October, thus making the aniual vacation eighteen days louager than usual, and dispensinig, necessatrly, wi th the .June exam ina tion. Assembling again in the month ot Sep tember, at no little perisonal ineonveience, the Board of Trustees haive deemed it wise to re store the greater number of the Professors to the duties of a Faculty, assigning to each mdi vidual the charge of: the various branches of learning in such order as it is sui~posed will in sure hereafter their greater usefulhness aiid ethi ciency. By a temporary arrangcmnent, which was ordered by the Board of Trustees, the du me te. Mathematical Department have been assigned to the Professors of Natural Science and of Chemistry. It is h3 be hoped that this important chair will be' definitely filled before the close of the year.' However universallv it be admitted that the Classics should constitute the leading feature in the leading literary insti tution of the State, yet in a community of plan- ] ters and farmers where agriculture prevails, even in connection with the fearned professions, the importance of Geometr , Trigonometry, SIr veying, Mensuration anda echanics, cannot he 1 overlooked in completing'the'editention of youth. Nor should we fail of inviting the studehts to a I due understanding of Astronomy, Natuiral and 1 Experimental Philosophy. Natural Ifistory and General Science. Again, Cheinistry, Geology, Mineralogy and Meteorology, with, lectures and i experiments on the application of Chemistry, I Geology and Electricity to Agi-iculture, consti tute an essential lranch for whih a Professor is provided. Until .une, the President of the College was also Professor of M'athmiciaties. Since September, the Professors LeConte have attended to the duties of this chair in conjune tion with their own. As regards liscipline, it would be derogatory to the just influence of parents, supposing them to have done their duty to their children at home, and humiliating to our common nature, to maintain that intelligent and neart growif yi"g gentlemiien Ieed strict snrveil ance at College; to lie kept in order by the force of an thority, whilst I hey are profiting by the ample means to putrsue lhe higher mathemnatics, and to aecomplish themselves in classical literature, which the State las so wisely and lilwrally filr nighed. for their benefit. No! let the senior nembisof College act with discretion, modera tioll and decornmn, and let the younger le con trolled hv thi-ir precepis and example. It (100 not often happena that inen who are devoted to study, either scientific or literary, (anddt is with such men, chiefly, that the Professional chairs must be filled.) are founil to possess, among their other gifts, administrative talents. Young gentleme. of eighteen or nineteen years of age should know somewhat how to govern themselves. Until the Stndents of the College shall become alive to a sense of their personal responsibility to the State and to themselves, the very 'best administration of the College laws, as a govern ment, is destined often to fail. On entering Ct College each student signs -' the roll," the cap tion which of embraces a pledlge to conform to the regulations, and,to avoid unlawful combinations. On the late occasion, the youig gentlemen seem to have pe.rsuaded themselves that, in repudia ting the authority of the President, they were acting individually, not in combination. .Yet, after a conference with the Professors, it was .jianifest to the Board that alost the whole College was imiAicateol. The'students deetned 3 it int of honor to sustain thn class which tfused .to recite to their, chei cause they had questioned his in demnned his administrative abili lence of extensive conmbi.natio' was made conscious of it" it cessarv that the Trustees he struct the Faculty as to the' laws if the College. 0u4 y mended to the sentinnit', here b.bya ables'writer, Y the College, obedience to 1 thority is honor. ARaS:NAt, ANi CIr' leave to refler von to. ....-... Visitors of the' State Military Academies. which I. are flourishin :t a; ever. Their order and disei ine acre exeinplary. The graduating clas oIf c this year, consistinig ot twenty, turns out to soietv. int its variouls callintigs, yountig mIen who h s leetotbre. I% their capability and willingness y to be useful, will d.) credit to their training. nid to the State ,whose patronage they hmay' 7 hared. t Fia~;: S.-nois.-The Free Schools are doinig b tore guiod t hiti they have beaen allowed credlit hi tbr. Wherever educated geitleien of the cout- t 1r-: have geneo . itnter-ste thelmselveis inl the- t Sijet. and with c-ont ,nemt'lable zeal aml pulic t pirit have devote1 a Iortion of their energies o the suiccess of tln. schooatls, the lawv has operi~a- t ed well. As a biasis ihr a practical systeum, re- o rarding the chmaracter- of our ptopulation and thw ooigraphicalpiecuiartities of the State, I luire a ot been able to arrange one more satisfatctory. L-t its priionsati, with somte amend tt-nt, b~e r 'iihfdly aiid j udicitously exec-uted, with cimsigl- 7 e-ation l'or those chietly interested, and it will e lisover itself to our 'commiunity a system at >tnee available, useful andi credilabile. 'invititng h nd rewarinitg the .services5 of qual itiedi teaicherts. supplyd of whmotm catnnot b~e too early providedd or. flhe excellent public school which has Ieen organized ini Charleston by the Comnimis sioners of St. l'hilip's and St. Michael's will very soon fiurnish a number of young petrsuits who, it tmay he hioped, will do somecthiing tow:rds i trduing into, other port io ns of thme State, tire benefits of the improved systeim under whielh they have been tr-ainedl. I recommttend that pra -. vision be miade ihar the estabilishmienit, w ithioat delay, of one ir moire Normald Schools. at whinch the p'romlisinig pui Jls fi'oon the schools below ty r~ be tiiirther educated for- the paupose, andh trinied te art of teaichig. These are adnmiraliti tutions, and, if well tmianaged, canoitut fil to send tmrth the ylong petople of the Slate ito the bunsiness ot'hif aots witneis.Mes ot thn-ir useful ness. They ar~e iinictly entitled to the notice of bi'ee':lent andil pubhic spiiritedi (it izenas of wahh, t who may disir-' tm renider usefid to their kid.l a poionat if the surplus i:mans wIth which the-v hati b~een lessedi. The. litst Normal Slitiol ini .\nwro-ica wa' fibumled ont an mlhierini iii sI t,000t, fort thme purpise, lby Alr. I height. a wealthei iizeni ofi Mis.m-hiu.<ettz. to whaili tiw Sta' :cebh-d $1 o,tt0t, andti the thing was' s~a'sm necomp itllishied. I haim. e o- thiat schoil ini sitr re.<sigl opeiratiion.:nttl freely givi- you imy beief.t that a Stiate which pretenda.4 to 5tustaint a g'etnral systetm fibi deto hmdntreima~itn a etr withoumt at schl, of thei, kind ihr- the te-.gm Itar sttply ot coitntt :nn1 at eustomted te-achl. .u. In 'inIer ti wihil u-l-at to the svcailem, he~ furishiing the means fo r selfre'gultionii andl I byv which may bei impzarted to it eofiual usufulnmess ini ,verv paa~ortin of thie State, I recititineiti that l the sev-eral lI o~-d5 of Co'ltam isionettrs ofi Free I Scooeils lie autthorizedb l a w tll raise byv assm im ment eiii thei atiit of gelioral thixe. li tW-ir reseeiec Eletiioin 'ijstr-i-ts, a stum of mnieyt- I eqa ta -apopited by then Stamte unit of! the public trieasuiry, to lie e-xpe-nded andi accotnitedl totr ini ike tmaiuner.Whnvrhelmsanb 1 raisedl for the pulrpeM, I ltink it woul cotib-~t tle to thle welfamr.' of. the State to estal1ish also] a 31iarinei Schlo ol, at theiu port of Charle-stuin. 1 AsI r on -rie I 4;AyF .it) Drcta m: rt lb ta---I tramsnmit tihe reporit of the P'rintcipll cit the A.<vlnt for Ileaf tit-s andii the Blindi. The pubie i woriks thter- tire int progress, anid I. amt happy to have it int liy piower, bty aidling in the e-xpediture of the pnliei miomney, to conatr b~ute so imewhiat tio the liberal establishmenittt of this high charity. A mong the bditnd, as well as1 the dleaf anml tdamb, t rades are beginniing to oe- 1 cupy the mids anid theo htands of pupils, thus < assirinigthiem of their ability to lie heclpfl, andi cultivtinig a whtolesomte self-respect atnd cheert-I fil inidustr-y. Sooni wiill grow up a colony of pu pils otn the landhs of the State, andi a society :1 whichl will be indlelpendent and thirivinig, by their variuis tradles andh occumpationis. Thme Comumis-' sioners will see toi its regulaition in due time. These good citizens have pierformecd so well thec servicen of the Stnatn in t~his retrard-so consist tit and disinterested llaive bcen their labors :o judicious their arrangements for the benefit f their chrge-ffit I have great satisfaction it co-operating with theml e ef/icio. I recommend that they be iivited to embrace vithin the sphere of their-supervision the pub ic education under the Free School laws; that hey be authorized to organize and establish one >r more Normal Schools in each division of the state, for the preparation of teachers and-%i: roduce and explain improvements in the meth Ids of instruction. They should be .alloid vhile on duty, during the recess of the Legis ature, the pay and mileage of members. Ilith rto they have received no coinpensatibn beyond hat which arises from the consciousnes of ren ering good service fo tlid State, and kind ofliccs o the interesting objects of their care. I: L.1Iows Scuooi. Ar Lierii.-During he last stunmer,. ihi making a military tour brough the 8,tate, 'a day was devoted to the chool at Leth, in Abbeville District, fuded I y the will of Dr. Johh 1)e L-t I [owe, at the lose of the lst century. ie devises the land in which he resided, with all his lands adjacent, is librAry, &c., &c., for the purpose of keeping ip the farm, and establishing a scbool for the pport and education of twelve boys and welve girls, of Abbeville District, so as to qual fy them to imake intelligent and useful farners ,d farmers' wives, and especially recommends hat the principles of c / r y be taught, so far .s they are applicable to pratical agriculturei ,ld d inestic econimy. 'hus it '., nilcedi, a ialuable nucleus of agrienl Iuoral Cblationl. wor hypf the consideration atd enlightenei pat onage of th'e General As-etbly. It is the 3undation of a benevolent lbreigner, whose re naihiare there entomubed, and whose exaplile s entitled to lbstinig honor and influence. I ave recommended to the worthy Commission rs, who now devote their time and attention to - ts interests, to raise the standlardl of education1 a proportion as their mieans will allow. A ifliculty in the way of their greater usefulness, hey represent to me, lies in the want. of placdk r their pupils after completing their term of i aur years. If they were authorized, by law, 6 send one of their young men annually to the J rsenal Academy, at Colnuibia, or four, or even 1 wo in the course of four years, and also within he same term, four of the girls to a Normal I lchool, in order to learn the art of teaching, his obtacle might ultijnately be passed. Their 0 eacher, this year, is a% young man, formerly 1 nie of their pupils, who hks passeA successfully I rough -the four years' course of'ilhe State E cadeiies. It would contribute materially to I he progres of that kind of education which I 1 as so long ljien desired in Carolina, if. this s oung man could be sent to an agribultural < hlin ;1- 'mornne for two years, and return to The same report will rlC.eL ami & .. 1 iblit of the condition of tihe ibanks. W ithinr m years the number of banks ias been in- t xeased to twenty, which are returned montllv, I I ith an aggregate capital of -, ith a specie basis inl September of 999!:39!9,- i 1.and a line of domnestie exchange atmomiting l 0,;5.-1:10 98. (If t he last sun. six of the iks in the colnmiuercial city of Clarlest ' il ing a caupital of *5, 1:36.6-12 25, returned for 1 cir part only 8:3,027.6577. The capital of e IC t(i b:mtiks i rt mi:itiieI in t he exhibit muoutts I slo,1:;.'i-1.; their circilation ir Sep inm erws.:.;081;their specie (.ni hand firl :ii :e m'nti, 85'.7,i49 , 15. 'The ci rcolationi I St~he s'aie lthms, as shoivn ini t he mont1 o ctbeir, wa .9:1.80.504. aomrl thleir speciee nounted t o 91j:;.im::.!!5. Thel ten baniks last uned, haviing toiget her at capita l of 1 ,70o0(NJ,l tred for theiri ciruculation1 in SeplteinberD:O , a i 15,44 ; specie on hanud, $ It01,450 21. Thle cir lation of the samue 1baniks, as shown in the t etober exhibit, was .i:3,2l5,;315 50! specie oni' ainl;$27 :07,1II. %u the first half of the year, I was pleased to yarn that the bills of the~ principal bianks int outhi Carolina constituted still a portioni of thet io, apphro~ved-cutrrency int thme West, antd weree ailablde also to travellers as far North as thme ity of New York. Those of .somne of the smial ,r'banks, it was said, were somtetimues foundti, at .rtaii pints in the Western States, circulat ing O freely and iln too great numbers. In granut g charters hereafter, I think it woul be well Sconfine the banks to dealitig in exelhange, iscont amd depo.sit. Thle issue of hills fo~r euri an should be ihe prerogative of the Ikank of le State, which, ini itLs turn, should be denoidI he privilege of discouti ng notes or dealiing ini 'imestic exchlaiige. The corpoirations which eamnd a circuilatinig medilium for thieirlbusiness, hiould apply to the SIat e aut lit iIy for the samte, eposi ting one-fthirdl of the :inonu t desired in peie, aind' t he reimaindler in sat isiictory secinn- ( ies, o as toi n~sm-ie the pubtlic of the siumbui ss uit5 id coinverltibili fy of a miixed enirrenucy. 'This I imegestion is m:'le on I he siujpposit ion thatiI thec tate will atdhere to I lhe llaii< of I lie Silate ast Sfiscal agent, not i. Lecanise I preftr if. as such.i nless someit such imoditicattionu ouf I he sy-feim he I di ptsed, I amn ofi the opinion f iat it would coni-i mice to the sountdness of the cnrreiney, amd mioe o~ thle interest< of thle wholed coiiimmuity, to I ai h anukingr buin~mess of thue State done by. ix erporat ions, instecad of twenty. I reconimnend t hat the laws against usury bie Ii epeled, leaviing the legaul raite of interest at 7 I cr cenit., wherwe noi cottract is imade. .A kniow- I idgiig the' priniple11 of t his reform as .sotud, I I ae hithierfo, in antot her capacity, refrainied r.omu prssn it, believing that flhe public mtind leubl be preiiaredl for it biy full discussion. I m now of olijnion that. it shoiuld no longer lie 4 st poned. Monimey is eniti tled ito lie ben'teih t of market als well as every coimmodi ty ; and the wer (if money should not be denied the privi- t ee of leniding it except through the aurtificial, ud( somnetinmes costly, imedium of a corporation. nks, too, should be allowed to take, for the ise of mooney loaned, wvhatever it is worth in ie imarket, andi be thereby relieveud from the empting facility of evading thec law in order to nrease their prtohits. Ssi'nssrox or Si'uen : Parvm:r.-Rlegard-1 ng the recent revulsion ini fimance amid thuc cur ency, I will not attemupt t~o enmicrate in cau es, but will venture to direct your attention iot so much to thme bantks, as to the system of tanking. A system which sanctionis the issue if paper money to so large an amount, leading o iflated credits, inflated prices, extravagant iabits of living and reckle.=s speculation, may be upposed calculated to produce a crisi~s soomner or tter. Thme unhappy sinkinig of a ship, with b~ul ion from Califoria, or any event sufliciently xcitiig to create a momentary panic, was nouh to precipitate it. It huas had the'effect pbrlyze the arm of hotnest industry, wher-) v.. 1lbr is onnose1 to apital-.to deproe the pening market for prodi And to impair the :onftdence between mAt - man. The banks in this:State were affected be common panic, id felt the pressure sey Some of them, fielding to its influence, ' suspende d spe payments. Th susens specie payments' by-a badkifia failu edeem its notes on emand- a .forfeitur~ iiPromise to pay in 'old 7oiler, ce t c in,;the full value of ivcfy. bill issued froIii cJunter-a promise, >n whici is' ~,d thepri, lege granted by the I state to' isse ballind to .rculate then as cur ency.- However itinay ,b suppoSed to afibril resiit relief- to the oess interests of the unty,-whiclr, unfert aly, nre so wound up 17thhe lanksasjd su - tably from the hontraction o fheir.eredA' and their strinlgent lemandg it is deirflizi in its tendency. The ba ofthISta vith which I am at dl fatniliar, ai*well'.dt itered. Several of ienihave bravely wiit i the shock, and are repared to io a.legitnimi' business as usual. A1l, it is believed,- are ent. If, however, ;here be some so dependi t on the banks and 3rgkers 9f New York, as" fail in their pledges *the public, when thd orthern banks fail, it itheirinisfortune to e to answer for the ins of others, ais wel ci fpr thcir own misman tgenient. The consequet' to the quiet, unin tiated, and the liboring nnunnity, are alike listrust and los,-leading g want and suffering oo often to moralruin 1 crime. Thu State, 01), suffbrs fromthe'abe tion of coin and I lie lepreciation ofiredit ie salc of her bes, ,oth for buildin t N State Capital and for ading the congtfcution j the Blhe Ridge Rail ond. (Othforme, I ed 400 certiilcates in the 5th of Maich, and'of the latter, 100 on lhe 4th of,.May.) Whatever the exigency A.t will be long before oniidence is.-geyerally red, and commerce ,an move tranquillyan -1y in its usual chan els, though inot near so g, I trust, as in 1837. fhien the stppension in .barle-ston took place in day, and lasted fifteen nths; now, It occurs n October, at the.openiz of a business season1 ith a fair (though not'igge) crop of cotton and 'ice on -hand, as the bis of commercial com nunicationi with capitali a of the home market, mnO. of exchange with Europe. The moment of exciteoient, apprehension and inancial pressure, is nova time to legislate re pecting the banks. The' xisting laws, if sound, ill be vindicated in pgctice; if -otherwise, it vill be wis-e to repeal orynodify them whenthe mblic mind is calm, an4'ommertcial confidence hall have been r*itored. Jnenactingstatute law, he statesman, to whose, wisdom and integrity he plublic wilfaie isentrusted, will not for the akeof doing somethingwhen in position, yield ither to the crudeiuft*itions of his own obser -ation, or to the n' a n mot, iijured by such convulsions, which must duce prices. But of all classes, the lea-t liable o be altected by them is the planiter, who i a1ppily out of debt, who properly dramns and lows deep his soil, an whose contelited fam1il hiastrate in their daily life the beauties of' im licity and virtue-the social cheerfuil ness of' listry and a just economy. Let him send r'n'tal to market his croip, as it is prepared. very sale that is made, every debt that is paid. Verv hundrm'ed dolhars which circiliates from11 ani to hand, will help to restore the genead redit, -Id to rc-establish a healthy cireuncy. t necessary toP prosperous and stale markets, 'Izter's, as well as otheirs, miust submiiit to a r'e eti n of prices. They are entitled, al~uo. to aim the benelit of a1 reduced scade in luan-cha-i ng ipplies. Al thugh the imairket lor' prtleeL iu-t irule lower, it will SOonl become heal'hy~ id comipenszating it' the crops be not withhenld. T1IneLAnys.-With may best discretion, 1 have ndeaored to inisure a fhithful execuitioin of' the ns. Sev'eral cases of hiardishipas doubt less have' cured. Whaerne snehi have not.heien relieved by :xecutive iinitrference, it hans beemn owiang to the uo f requenit instanices of a siiir kind, implera ivey reqpuring examnples to deter others from Wfending. it is to be regretted that olilances byv illicit railie in spir'itauous liquors, wit ne icgroes espe sefrstndiksuests this trade to the ipin~i'ciledi, as$ the r'eady' meanis of imakinig a1 ivelihooed, or of aniss$ing ill-gotton gains. .s ie diilliculty of' detection ineiases, it imay bei oll to rei2'se the law andi make somei ameitnl lnet as to its sanctionls amnd tihe na~ture' of its enalities. in cer'taini jinarterIs thei evils growing1 ut of' its infract ionis are compiljiced2 i, andiu breten, unliess~ chiecked, to lbecomiing gra2ve. 't may bei ini this, ats ini some otheri ces, t h't. he law would be ellicalcious, if those who are specte tioh enitiree it. were inwenr fai Il bid and.l Irmtl . Thieire is a teunderneaass ini oim-'i~ nti nre, gainst. of mnmlers, andit fraon carriniig oiu full ie latw etnt ruzsted toi their vigihmee. Thiar 'ex sts, tiooS sometiimes, ani inidillfieence as5 to a iroper knowledlge of' the laws gener'ially, whic'h, netxcisale ini thle ci tizAen, aids thle boldinman, lose design is to profit bay disreLgardini lg their ois%ionsii. EKven some who beari the c'onnniiis ion oft4 the Stale seemiu, ini igntor'ance' ofl the hiaw. arescibinig I heir dutlies, to net imaily on groiinis ' expaediencey and mlotives of' puilic'y. Surely i'ei ciizenm wh'o acc'epts, miuch iaare lie wh''lo so iciits 21 eiimuinisiton, shiould informi htimaselt' as to e duties of' his si ation, and performaa them to bet bes't of' his ability, faithfully. Whenever' I have had occasion to inter'ferie at .11 withI the senteonce of the conrts, ini cases' 'be'e the peinalhty was to be in;llieted on thle irson,1 either capitally or corporeally., I have lirected the Sherill' to confine its ox'cettlion to he p:ecincts of the jail yard, with the Clei'k f the Court and sonie few substantial citizens 25 witiesses. I think that the law is deficient in omitting to rovidle somle punishment for those ol'eiaces '.hich are technically cidled breaches of trust, or' mbezlement, in contra-distinction to larceny ; he violation of' nmorality is the stumne in both-. he diference beetween them, artificial andl shad wy ; and1( I see iio good reason why the oinc uhold lbe visited with the tmest degrading lion shient know.~n to our statute book, while the ther passes unnoticed. Recent experience has arough t forcibly to my notice that some statutes, rescribing a severity of' punishmnti which is ot consonant with the necessities, or the spirlit f' the age, have been allowed, through ove'r ~ight, to remain unrepealed, and though near'ly bsolete in fact, arte still of force, legailly. In ils view Iwoeuld recomminendl a recvision of the :i'iminal law, andi coensidering that this laiw is imple, and capable of being rendered comnpre ensible to all persons of intelligence, I think .ta reduction into a code would be advisable. :nl.m Ui:ATIONS.-In the occasional iis cussiols of the political position of the State, I have taken 110 part. Regarding it as well set tied since the convention of 152, 1 perceVie no room for material differences amongst her citi z.ens who wish to agree. It there be a respect able number who desire to assuciate themselves with the general Deinocratic party ii noiniating conventions, let them do so without committing thse State. While induilgilg the spirit of conl ciliation, however, it behooves its to beware, le(nt in our kind feeling.s towards distinguished citi '.ens ol that party, we drift into the smooth eur rent of nationalism. The Federal aspect of South Carolina, so tIr as it is infliieed by her tate policy, is obnoxious to many01)- 1oliticlianiS in America; anid soie it ofur own gouod m1en1 seeit to believe, with them, that it is chielly aristocrat ie pride which keeps her in pIOsitio ; thItt the mniii of South Carolina arrogate to*themiselves superior wisdom and patriotisin, and to their wo mienl superior virtine. Whereas. without arroga tilg" Lo tohemLsielves anly siperioiilv, the truth is, that whatever of wisdoi or liatriotisi or virtue nay characterise her people, are- among the hapl py consequences res ill Ling from her-instiLutions, political, social and domestic. Long may we herish thel. The coniparative segregation of the State in pilities heretoforie, is not as hopelil to soie pro ,ressive mindi as the power-lhe seening order Amd harmony--prccoling froi coinhiation with i. nat i0nal Iri V. EX )eiriellce t4! eles the c's sity of toleratiitag IXtreies, eveni in polities, ill order to secure a Jint iean. If South Carolina hias ever occupied' the extreme positio'n of isola ion, it was not froin choice, buL fromi thle force if the patriotic principles which regulated her ietion, like the balance wheel, whose motion, pecnliar, anl to the careless observer apparently iseless, is Vet so necessary to the ecccessfll and afe operation of the great engine. There is. in Iaet, no disposition on the part of this State to ither fanaticism or isolation. Politicians may rangle, and public journals may oppose one mtrene of o)iion1 and argument aglinst anoth r; the people of the State will adhere to the uist medium. Venerating and preserving those principles so essential tothe reserved rights of Ahe States, which are illustrated by the history )f Carolina during the last thirty years, they will be ever ready and willing to inake common ause with the neighboring States. having a com non interest to protect, and to unite as hereto. ore with the general Democratic party in the Electoral College, and in the Federal Councils Iaso, so long as those principles are duly respec ed in practice. Kmisis.-Otir friends in Kansas, who have struggled man fully to sustain aln unegual contest, ris en;flto. f-.. i.-- w m v-'is all we have a 'erred to, iee'. - if South Carolina. who ap1land1 the wiSM. - ha decree inl which they ar, now jtmici:illy iii odied. (wing to the preijudices ot' birth, eduti .tioi and as.sociationi, nmei reared ditierently Vil iliverge in SemintimetCnlt froim eaih'l ot01-r. V ,eeially is this the case inl relation to domestitc laverv-anl inistitution whivb existed whicn tle \ierician Constitution was aoiteld, ani was -ecognized thlereby4. L,1t the har%% dof haity pre iin judging one aniothier. In prserving anW irotecting the property of' our fiathers. in ne:-o h v(s, we deti ourselves eniiitd to Iithe re'spect m1d stidl of all goodI mensi and1 wi.e statesmlenl. Jur aice-stors. deal:-ig with .olil andtl silvir cohi. mulight the ine'.ro from the c'apitalisit l t i-: iil mdi Newv En:tghuLii. whoswe irivinig Iradeh, hioweveir ro'idece of' Go,t to conivert the bal'l~rbari l:iiestie. the C2hri.st inn hhn-k hailborer iof A imurica:. lhere are tfew resltsL miore aimtaing th:un Iase 'hih arei producliedl by) te fruits of ibi., thi Slor whieb eouldii nmre be ii ncised with tiilllanufacturessodependen~; tulttoiits pr'ohiionsli. 'Tut: S-rne-r'i' olrW;l \\'amsl-oX.-( ne of the ast letters which [ recei vedl fromi te late .ii-~i or B utler. iehrttedl to a ciopy, in bronhze, of .lion lii's stine ofi \\'iniii:ami, which h~e recomi cratin goodii nii. It is a boonit to i:mutkindl vben the goodl God' permits sonui tiims thte wis5 lom wit loivi. SSoicited with iithi andi lope, to bet -siohdied i a hium:it formii whollse lhviir we may~i ioik tupoilneul :inhtirek. It is triue that iourl dei .1 grattitde toi his tmemotwry e:iiot thus lie paid; lt it is idue to oiirselves that we shiotihl nekinowi ~dgi it inl Sinnel visibile token. anid it is due to) nIheiea of his maly prliporttiltns, orwitIn-n en-. oned by their mtronl'ls IIo studiy the ha~ratcti'r iit 1I l.propos that a statut hl e i ordered :ull ithai ast, l in mtking a visit.lii tthl' lagazinei in ('har ia llo.:hiwing sii'it lilii i o iir streeti-s. whmich he city aultrities hul causedi to lie tiarld. i t'-, lhv siquare's ii sullcessiin, werei 5il i nuetiotn in the ci:y* martk't. C'onliiving'., ,rthwuithI, lhei iniconvteniiieee andildangerr to ihe' ro'pl'r ofi the Statte that. woitl ensuire from mvintg'peiirstois seti Ie ini dwe-lliings ot' a ny sort, nutier mlii very wvalls of thle Sl!agaztine,' an l the oss whicht the S"tate wouhlll hiave' ti subit to ieen'tter. if deisirwius iio idislod:.e thenm when omnce a possession, I did noi t hesitaite to assumel1 the espnsuii lity of instrucmt ing ir. Yeadont to puri -hase thr Ite Sta te :tll t he hits, and paritit of lots. lt ween' tin' Stt landiis aiii the line of the Noth eastern r-ai lway. A tter someli delav this was at lenth accomiplishied, hby the alssistance of the At tiir'ne' General, in the mlonlthI of May', at cost of $:(,4:15 50 for the' land, and $11 501 for recording the titles, to which is addied the sum ot' $'.!; 07 for enclosimng the groomds. A porit tion of' this tract is low marsh51, covered by the ides, and at presenit valueless, except for pirivi ege; bulit thle contvenienece of tranispor-tation biy water ont the East, anld by railway otn the WVest, renders it practicable to fill thiese portains when ever it may be desirable. Tile probability is, that the whohe prtopety will rather apipreciate in 'alue thani otherwvise, ini the c-ourse of years. It wvill be propel' amid safe to close the streets of hect ofar as they' run through this property. 1 reoinendthat this be done by authority of' lw at your present session. Cuai A~.svs ast, Must'its-Thle present year ha ns stitignaizied by the completion of the conce raihvayv coimununliication between the Atlatie, at Charieston and Savannuah,and tileriver Mississini, at Memphis, int the State of Tenntes sen T 'Id happyeovet:tWas duly celebratedwb tile municipal authorites of the citnes at either end of the line. in May and iJune last. In north latitude ::4 deg. 4i min.. I witnessed the meeting of the waters-those of the turbid Mississippi poured into the briny Atlantic ; and on the part of the State I gave welcome to our neighbors of Georgia, and to our common friends from the valley of the Mississippi. I trust it will not he long before the railways froi Meiphis and Nashville and Knoxville will dehl)im-he into South Carolina through the Blue Ridlge! moun11tains1. I id the satisfaction to wit ness the progries of e tunnel on this line, in the month of August. I recoignized on that occasion the triumph of science at every step, in the excellent dispositions of the enginers. The best spirit seemed to prevail :mong cng i niee.rs, contract rs, ani hdLre's. O12i.0GIrAw. Srnivt:rY ANi I:IS-TrATiOs.-I trust the General Assembly will continue its patronage to the I -ological Sirvey of the State. and to tho IL-gi-iralmtion of the births, Deaths IIl Marriages. Dillicultios nust attend both niidertakings,. in their incipiency. But I ni persuaded that, in th clever reports on those subjects, you will fund reason to be encouraged in pernsing them. The report of the Geological Survpyor, and that of the aijutant and Inspec tor General, are herewith submitted, together with Major Parker's report on the variations of the Imagntieic needle. That viumr delilentions nay ie directed for good to the putblie we:l, is nIy sinlevr. prayer. Into your iands the allairs of the coinnion weai:1lthi are couInniued. R. F. W. ALLSTON. A WORD TO ThOSE IN DEBT. We speak especially to planters, who have produce 1o send to market. The restoration of prosperity in the South now depends chiefly upon snch. If they give timely aid, the conn try may be saved from titter prontration. They have what will bring iiioney into circulatioi, and unless they sell their crops, and eillect this desirab!e result, by paying all that they owe, and thus enabling others to pay their debts likewise, many a failure will take place, even in the South, where thus far there have been but few. It is said that planters are holding cotton back for better prices. Surely it can be only those who owe nothing; for it would be hard to believe that an honorable man who owes 1 money, would not be in haste now to pay his debt, lest by his delay he should help bring I ruin mediately or immediately upon some credi- I tor. If a man loves mammon more than honor, with him it may not be an open question as to the moral right of a debtor to keep back his i nriiduce from market, even when prices rule I ----- i nut in i oods are rapiuly reunngio . are signs of a finalicial lanic and heavy fitlure, in several continental states, and if England nniot find a market for lor manufaictures, she cannot buy her usual supply of cotton. Many Nort hrn iauilfactluries. 4)) have ceased opera- t ting, and the hunie-iariiket for cotton is alnim.-t closedl,-so nearly all must be sold abroal. The i rate ot' iiterest has been put, up hirely iin El rope ; and the means of pulraling in conse qiiently diminished. Besides, the whole eilect A' the niorthern failures has iiot tranllspired. .lanv of thtiose who have failed are hwrgely in Iebted in Europe. and our niext. :rrivaLs may sho' w that finiilii troubles have reced~ their ii redeit(ors aibroiad, andii plroduced as greatt a pianlic. [ as has swepit over our own ciuniry. it' we say thle price of cottoni will ad~vaince, we ar guie asr though things abroatd arc to- remain as theyi have been tar the past twelve nmonthis, a mnatter .s by' n10 means certain), aiid, as we judge, not ati all probable. We do nut wishi aiiy one, who-r has no idebts to) pay, to sacritiee his crops to j 'iur' imigmienit, or to (d0 otherwise tibait follow I his iiwn, lint we muut say that, itf we had cotton I to sell. dlebt or no idebt, we woulud dispose of it, i at the'earliest possible opportunity. For fuller iiiiinrat ion ais to thme state of tirade, we iefer to our monthly rep~ort of the Charleston mar- i A t.oNa Tfu: -ro Warr....In the middle of' the liite~eth century, the Count of' Li.'ogrono wa maie prisoner by thle l.iu!:e of linrgundy lle I nionomed h i le by* thle surrender of iionien-e estates, canditionieI, however, that they should iot be olIm,il that rd'ter four hundreliLd year~ they shoe ull revert. ito thme heirs of the Co mut. For t his honr tinie thei estates have becen enjoy el hv ithue heirs iif tihe liike, and the uihimaate j i'A of. hi hir s of thle I oulnt have bieen kept in view andl iricognized. The four i nin''rd er's have expired, and t lie arr:imgemients have i~en imade liir the t ransfe'r ot theii pr.-iy''i . - The hlirs of' lie D)uke, have elijeed to piay - :li,00t) franic.. for thte clear' i tle to tine pr' pert,. -t Mir. TI.:s Ruihm i has wilten homtie to one' of his friiendis that lie will iretuirn friim Englatndi before the holidays. He will leave his horsesI I erei, and endeavor to pick upi sime f'resht ones he'i , withI whieb lhe wvill agaiin go tio linglad in the Sprimg. Thio'.e posted ill such inatiter. uncompriii initii-igty assert that Prirrs, if' she iremainis na t lie et her siide :miother yea~r. Si' ht . slie can becoime perfectly neelimiateid, will ito what she has vet failed to do; " tamke dowi'' all the iriti sh r'ace horses. Thie loss of1 I'ior,i however, i~s a'dliintt eid on all handii' to have bee ci the greatest disaiten t hat coul have eeinedil to Mr. Then Uroeck's stabele. As compnaired with //compl andl lriores, he was iiiniomp~aably hidr superiotr.-Courrespioiilenit of the Comieir. Grand Eincaimpmnits of Kniights Temiplar ot' Oio, a lew weeks since, passedl a resolution severing all connection with the Genieral Graund Encampment of the Uited States, andi taking a positioni as an indlependeiit body; the reamson given therefor being thnat the United States En capent hiad virtually disbanided biy its own action. This course was dissented from by a portioim of its members, aind a fewv evenings '1 since the Cincinnati Encaimpment uniaiinimsly' ~aed a rcedolution ohlfered lby the G rand Master of the ordert in the State, requiestinig the Granid 1 Encampment to meet agaiin at an early day andil re-consider their action. It is .said that thist moveimeit will operate to the disorganization of< the Tremplar' Ordt.r in Ohio if persisted in. Ax Englishman boasting to an Irishunan that< porter was meat and drink, soon after became an very drunk, and retuminug home fell iinto a ditch', I where Pat discoveinig him exclaimed:-. "An' faitht an' you said it was mate and drink . to ye; and by me soul it's a much better thing, I: for it' wakin' and lodgin' too"' RESIUNATION OF REY. DR. MNI. We find the following in the southern flap ist, who.-e regret will be participated in by arge portion of the State. . RESIGNATION OF DR. MANLY.-Wegregt mnnounce that Rev. B. Manly, D. D, has .re-! tigned his Pastorate of the Wentworth Seit Baptist Church in this city. He has held thii inportant place for more than two years, after mi interval of eighteen years? residened in A. ana between his former long pasto'ate over Ahe First Baptist Chnrch in this city. It is in 1eritood that lie is likely to repair to Alabaia Igain, so long the scene of his labors as Presie lent of the State ollege. and as an eflicient Mfinister of the Gospel.. His resignation is to ,o into eifect at the close of present year., We-, Nan only express th eep regret which-all the ministers and members of the Baptist Churches - ii this city must feel in his removal,. and espe ,ially that his counsels as President of- thb 3on thern Baptist Publication Society, are tg b ost to the Board in this city. We shall prairl uy have occasion to give a more official and par ienlar account of -Dr. Manly's removal from us n a future number. RELIEF OF THE POOR. ScF.NErs oF SuFrituxa.-The cold weather'i4 -oniig, and will try severely the conditionof' he poor in our midst-and through all-the -Ointry. No State or place is exempt from aitriering. The Newburyport (Mass.) Il rald '"There probably never was a day in America vhen tile Iooir were stifiering so much asthey nre now; and that too when there never was so ,reat a crop prodneed, and when the weitteris nilil and pleasant, so that neither fuel orvextr :lothing is needed to keep warm. TheM are housands who have not bread to eat, nor mean t) earn it. Some have actually died of hun >no case has been reported here, and anot Providence, where the verdict of the cor ury was death by starvation! The thou 1 . morrible, that in the snuimer months, in, e ull of wealth-full of bread-full of chu ,ll of societies for sending the gosi)el and ionary teachers to the heathen, men'should e ,r absolute starvation. What is to, be in in - vinter, if this we have before the last leaves utumn have fallen ?" Wq see further evidence of this destitution in he crowded almshouses and the <alls of ablei. odied men upon the overseers of the poor for elp, and in the paragraphs from the newspapers, ike this from the Providence Transcript: "A gentleman a few days since, having pur- - based his dinner at one of the provision stores a our city, placed his basket on the door step jr a moment to get some forgotten article'with: - 1. On his return he found his basket gone, street he saw it in the hands of a n off with it. The owner talu iaetuiva ... . . '.-a .lves beyonl the e.5pectations of the most hope dl. Since he.storm coinenced not a single Lilare lias ocenred. Perhapts they have paid eir'debts. And we ask, where can another lace he am mued whose manifictures amount to ve million dollars per annum anda fitilure has ot oeeind? Yet snch is the Taet in Lvnni: inlee the 1st of May last. If this fCet sliall 'not ive our linalufacturers credit, we know not what A Nw Crvnv von C.. v:.-- man by the ame of Fdgzar Fluker, has fhrwarded to) tile .inden (Ala.) Ji'//ermudunai, a new recipe for the ure of thuose pitid excreseences. cancers. The. imedy is cheap and easy otf obtaining and lip lying, and cannot p'ossibaly do any har1m. It is imply to hold a toad frog, either dead or alive, > the tffected part for the space of one hour, speating the aid~iention) as occasion requires. E ith six t'rogs \lr. Fluker says he enred a very aini d cancer upon his nmose, of~ six year's, stabi aig, andi now conisiders hinmself sound and and -ell. Go -rO Tl.mznn-:..-Tfazewell, \'irginia ison f earth's fhvorced localities. The "hunger mtobs'' h~ouldl emigrate to that place immediately. The 'a-,:welI .\.lvocaute says that corn is sold at 20) entS per bush~lel, ih htnn hogs. A core init of the Itichmnonud Dspatich writes : " Liv ug is cheap enough-only think ofeggs at 6.; et er doz.en, chiickens~ at I.3 cents each, bacon 10) cuis y lbi., ~ornl 25 eenits per~ bushel, aind woot.d ulv :::I per. cord, deliver'mable at your door.' Ovi:-l:nisu lins:s.-.\ writer in the~ w nuln V-armenr. who is a. lacksmith, nre over-re.j.n-hing horses, anud increases their ou' ingpe- d li fi .n o r I wenty secondus in-r ileh, y~ the. followinlg madehu of shoueing, which inea-~f, -.s the minonn of 1th. ihrward feet and ritards ae mnotion .f the. hjiml ones. Ue makes tihe e ank verr limv. stinoling- a little iiuder, and bshioes -.-t as ihe b~ io-kwu rk a&s convenie~nt. on1 bei forward feet,. with high hl-uleanlks, so as5 to ai them roll.1 over as sooni as possible. O~n tihe ind feet, the heel-eauilk is low and the toe-caulk igh and projectinig forward. Horses shod thus, racil clean. wiih no cliek. lI :st: ' rvji n or Si':u.: P'.tiXTs.-The New ork xpress saycs: "Te'l g aonto peri ii. th uivanis lu the cit anksnshOs hei reinlineuss to' resumoe speeci pantents when ver the. uvreiiO' banmuk, are reauly to co-operate rohl themiu. It' will exceed $20,000.000 unext - ik.lan thle .1 ournial of Comec thinks will .p:ui 822.rtul.000,~ a lairger amount by several uilliuons tlhanu was ever in theu binks before. 'The banks of' Ohio, it is said. will hbe pre sarid toi risume specLie paymen~iits as nuearly-as mon lis :thIose ai liu heIt. Go.ld is daily heeomi og more abndmant aind cheuapeir aut Cincinnati,~ ndl thuere aire morem Sueller5 1h.-.n buyvers ait 2 - ndl :: per cenlt. pureiiinm. The accounts fromn laryland, Chiicaigo and St. Louis are of similar "In Alabma.um Gov. Wuinston, ill his mnes.-unge, ames the nmonthi of May next as the latesL timne t which specie payiments should be reisumued. " We hop.e bethre May next to see that all our anks have resumed." 1'A1iNG U.-About $10,000 has already eenI paiid over to the Comptroller by this State, Sacc'ordaiice with the provisions of their'chat ers ly law, they are required t' iyi vent of their suspension, -five per es he amount of bils inicirculation att the till y aid suspension; With reference to the BanF:. if the State,.this payment is merely nomina1 asthe amiount it imamediately returned on de.l >sit by the Comptroller. Moreover the sum. >aid by the other banks is also placed in that. lank to the credit of the State, -so that thb Bank of the State will be making a little by: .hm patin-Sontharn LIght.