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Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, December 02, 1857, Image 1

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GOYERNOR'S MESSAGE,
XECUTIVE DEPARTMENT,
CoLaU. , S. C, Nov. 23, 1857.
Feldte cdizens of the Senate and House of Rep
resentatives:
Assembling as you do for the public service
from every election district in the State, repre
senting all professions, and occupations, you
bear with you, doubtless, a grateful sense of
the present blessings enjoyed by our citizens,
of health and bountiful harvests, and will cheer
fully unite with me in aspirations ofgpraise to
the Almighty Power, by whom alore they are
bestowed. In view of all the circumstances by
which we are surrounded, our people (cannot
have too scrupulous a regard to individual in
tegrity, nor can we too strictly guard against
the failings which peculiarly beset us, kssured
that a practical life, which best. ilhtstrates a
due sense of duty to God and-our neighbor,
constitutes the most acceptabld service to Him
who orders the affairs of men, and whose eyes
are upon us all.
It must needs be that sickness and death visit
every community, striking down the youthful
and the aged, the vigorous and active, as well
as the infirm. If we have seen the energetic
minds. industrious powers, and generous impul
ses of friends and public servants still in death.
we have left to us the inestinable satisfaction
of knowing that they met Iheir Catewitltchur
age in the path of duty. Since yotir last ses
sien, death has deprived the delegation to Con
gress from this State of two valued members.
In the month of February, the I ion. Preston S.
Brooks, while in the midst (if active public di
ty, engaged in a course of usefulness and honor.
and winning by his manly conduct and sterling
worth the confidence and admiration of mein
bers, was removed to another sphere. The only
official intimation I had of Mr. Brooks' death,
was communicated on the 25th of March, by
one of our Senators-the late Judge Butler.
Within two months from that date, he too was
laid in the silent grave, beside his gallant rela
tive and friend. Excitable and conscientious
as he was, the labors of the last Congress had
proved too much for him. Honorable and fair
in despatching business-vigilant and faithll
in his peculiar trust-diligent, spirited, and able
in discharging it, his nervous sensibilities were
too highly wrought upon,. and the tension of
his mental energies too incessant to be longer
endured by the physical frame. Soon after
reaching the coveted quiet of his own home, he
sank into the arms of death, universally regret
ted by his associates in life, mourned and lameiW
ted by his constituents-the people -of this
State.
The vacancy created in the Fourth Congres.
sional District, has been filled by the election
of Gen. Milledge L. Bonham, of Edgefield, who
was commissioned in May last.
In place of the Ilon. A. P. Butler,. I have
made no temporary appointment. You will
doubtless appreciate the importance of supply
ing the vacancy by joint ballot of both Houses
without delay, in order that the new Senator
may be-enabled-to take.his- seastn'lhe next.
Congress at an early day of the session. There
is yet to be mentioned the name of another
venerable citizen, once intimately and promi
nently associated with the government of both
the Stato and the United States, whose loss we
deplore, and to whose brilliant career of early
servdco I may be permitted to allude. Erect
and commanding in stature up to the day of his
last illness, grave and dignified in deportment,
wise in council, firm, resolute and faithful in
the practice of his profession and the duties of
life-such was Langdon Cheves. Successful in
life, full of honors, and prostrate only under
the weight of years, he has been laid in the
grave by grateful countrymen and weeping
friends, with all the solemnities and respectful
observances due to such an occasion. Ile was
the last of the distinguished trio, who by their
ability, integrity and courage rendered the
South Carolina delegation in Congress, during
the war of 1812, so distinguished and influen
tial. Together they labored nobly and elli
ciently, in those days of fearful excitement and
trying ditliculty, for the welfare and honor of
their country. The Navy, which it wa r
Cheves' peculiar care to develope and cherish ;
the Navy, bearing its flag and leaving its name
t riumphant upon every sea, taught the irouid
foe a lesson of justice, to recognise America as
an equal among the nations of the earth. The
war honorably closed and a peace establishment
settled, he retired, from the Speaker's chair to
serve his State in the Judiciary Department,
until called on by President Monroe to adiuinis
ter the Bank of the United States. Absent
ten years, he returned in 1829 to the quiet of
his native hills, proclaiming to the South the
danger which lie had perceived afar oir sinmul
taneously with his distinguished conmpeer in the
tendency of }'ederal Legislation. Beyond oc
casional counsel, he declined all participaltionl in
public life, until the year 1850. Then, at the
age of seventy-four, he appearedl at Nashville
as a member of the Southerni Convention, in
tent to perform to the last his part, by warning
]is countrymen against the policy of a majority
in Congress, which, substituting expediency for*
principle, was gradually sapping the Constitu
tion, andi threatening ultimiately the rights of
the States. hlis last iniic act wa~s signing the
Ordmnance of 1852-passed biy the State Con
ventioni, of which he was a nimber. P'adt ih<
age ot four-score years, having long survived
his great co-laborers and worthy cnlleagues
Loiwndes and Calhoun--he too is gone. Iaike
them, he has left uis in his upjright examle im
all public stations, in the loftme.'s, the purity,
the simplicity or his character, mn the truth and
. power, and grandeur of lis eloqueence, a legacy
of priceless worth.
Tut Soc'ru Camo.in f.1 ir.t:: .:.-TJhiis inmui
tution, so de'serveduly c'heriihed( by the iPeole
of the State for its izufulnem s,:. w-enl as it re
nown, has undlergone., .,inee your. i0 jouiriumuent,
a severe trial, Qiwing to the indhiscretioin of yout h,
-and some mistaken inotionls of honor whicmh have.
obtained among the students, toget her writ h
the want ot aptitude and power to adniimister
the laws of the College, wichi unhappily ebar
aterized the Presidnt. a maun distinguished ihr
science, and otherFwise'of practical usefulness,
wtho, as Profe.sor of Mathemuiatic., was eninent
ly competent, able and valuabile. Cl':led to
gethuer at an extraiordinary meeting in the
month of .June, the Board of Truistees deemed
it essential to thie due paerformancme of their
trust, to re-organiz.e the government of the
College. Accoringly, the meinhiers oh the
Faculty were invited to resign--President, 3e
Cay had prevtiously tenidered Is resignation;
and tie exercises of the College were suspended
-till the 1st of October, thus making the aniual
vacation eighteen days louager than usual, and
dispensinig, necessatrly, wi th the .June exam ina
tion. Assembling again in the month ot Sep
tember, at no little perisonal ineonveience, the
Board of Trustees haive deemed it wise to re
store the greater number of the Professors to
the duties of a Faculty, assigning to each mdi
vidual the charge of: the various branches of
learning in such order as it is sui~posed will in
sure hereafter their greater usefulhness aiid ethi
ciency. By a temporary arrangcmnent, which
was ordered by the Board of Trustees, the du
me te. Mathematical Department have been
assigned to the Professors of Natural Science
and of Chemistry. It is h3 be hoped that this
important chair will be' definitely filled before
the close of the year.' However universallv it
be admitted that the Classics should constitute
the leading feature in the leading literary insti
tution of the State, yet in a community of plan- ]
ters and farmers where agriculture prevails,
even in connection with the fearned professions,
the importance of Geometr , Trigonometry, SIr
veying, Mensuration anda echanics, cannot he 1
overlooked in completing'the'editention of youth.
Nor should we fail of inviting the studehts to a I
due understanding of Astronomy, Natuiral and 1
Experimental Philosophy. Natural Ifistory and
General Science. Again, Cheinistry, Geology,
Mineralogy and Meteorology, with, lectures and i
experiments on the application of Chemistry, I
Geology and Electricity to Agi-iculture, consti
tute an essential lranch for whih a Professor
is provided. Until .une, the President of the
College was also Professor of M'athmiciaties.
Since September, the Professors LeConte have
attended to the duties of this chair in conjune
tion with their own.
As regards liscipline, it would be derogatory
to the just influence of parents, supposing them
to have done their duty to their children at
home, and humiliating to our common nature,
to maintain that intelligent and neart growif
yi"g gentlemiien Ieed strict snrveil ance at
College; to lie kept in order by the force of an
thority, whilst I hey are profiting by the ample
means to putrsue lhe higher mathemnatics, and
to aecomplish themselves in classical literature,
which the State las so wisely and lilwrally filr
nighed. for their benefit. No! let the senior
nembisof College act with discretion, modera
tioll and decornmn, and let the younger le con
trolled hv thi-ir precepis and example. It (100
not often happena that inen who are devoted to
study, either scientific or literary, (anddt is with
such men, chiefly, that the Professional chairs
must be filled.) are founil to possess, among
their other gifts, administrative talents. Young
gentleme. of eighteen or nineteen years of age
should know somewhat how to govern themselves.
Until the Stndents of the College shall become
alive to a sense of their personal responsibility
to the State and to themselves, the very 'best
administration of the College laws, as a govern
ment, is destined often to fail. On entering
Ct
College each student signs -' the roll," the cap
tion which of embraces a pledlge to conform to the
regulations, and,to avoid unlawful combinations.
On the late occasion, the youig gentlemen seem
to have pe.rsuaded themselves that, in repudia
ting the authority of the President, they were
acting individually, not in combination. .Yet,
after a conference with the Professors, it was
.jianifest to the Board that alost the whole
College was imiAicateol. The'students deetned 3
it int of honor to sustain thn class which
tfused .to recite to their, chei
cause they had questioned his in
demnned his administrative abili
lence of extensive conmbi.natio'
was made conscious of it" it
cessarv that the Trustees he
struct the Faculty as to the'
laws if the College. 0u4 y
mended to the sentinnit',
here b.bya ables'writer, Y
the College, obedience to 1
thority is honor.
ARaS:NAt, ANi CIr'
leave to refler von to. ....-...
Visitors of the' State Military Academies. which I.
are flourishin :t a; ever. Their order and disei
ine acre exeinplary. The graduating clas oIf c
this year, consistinig ot twenty, turns out to
soietv. int its variouls callintigs, yountig mIen who h
s leetotbre. I% their capability and willingness y
to be useful, will d.) credit to their training.
nid to the State ,whose patronage they hmay' 7
hared. t
Fia~;: S.-nois.-The Free Schools are doinig b
tore guiod t hiti they have beaen allowed credlit hi
tbr. Wherever educated geitleien of the cout- t
1r-: have geneo . itnter-ste thelmselveis inl the- t
Sijet. and with c-ont ,nemt'lable zeal aml pulic t
pirit have devote1 a Iortion of their energies
o the suiccess of tln. schooatls, the lawv has operi~a- t
ed well. As a biasis ihr a practical systeum, re- o
rarding the chmaracter- of our ptopulation and thw
ooigraphicalpiecuiartities of the State, I luire a
ot been able to arrange one more satisfatctory.
L-t its priionsati, with somte amend tt-nt, b~e r
'iihfdly aiid j udicitously exec-uted, with cimsigl- 7
e-ation l'or those chietly interested, and it will e
lisover itself to our 'commiunity a system at
>tnee available, useful andi credilabile. 'invititng h
nd rewarinitg the .services5 of qual itiedi teaicherts.
supplyd of whmotm catnnot b~e too early providedd
or. flhe excellent public school which has
Ieen organized ini Charleston by the Comnimis
sioners of St. l'hilip's and St. Michael's will very
soon fiurnish a number of young petrsuits who,
it tmay he hioped, will do somecthiing tow:rds i
trduing into, other port io ns of thme State, tire
benefits of the improved systeim under whielh
they have been tr-ainedl. I recommttend that pra -.
vision be miade ihar the estabilishmienit, w ithioat
delay, of one ir moire Normald Schools. at whinch
the p'romlisinig pui Jls fi'oon the schools below ty r~
be tiiirther educated for- the paupose, andh trinied
te art of teaichig. These are adnmiraliti
tutions, and, if well tmianaged, canoitut fil to
send tmrth the ylong petople of the Slate ito
the bunsiness ot'hif aots witneis.Mes ot thn-ir useful
ness. They ar~e iinictly entitled to the notice
of bi'ee':lent andil pubhic spiiritedi (it izenas of
wahh, t who may disir-' tm renider usefid to their
kid.l a poionat if the surplus i:mans wIth which
the-v hati b~een lessedi. The. litst Normal
Slitiol ini .\nwro-ica wa' fibumled ont an mlhierini
iii sI t,000t, fort thme purpise, lby Alr. I height. a
wealthei iizeni ofi Mis.m-hiu.<ettz. to whaili tiw
Sta' :cebh-d $1 o,tt0t, andti the thing was' s~a'sm
necomp itllishied. I haim. e o- thiat schoil ini sitr
re.<sigl opeiratiion.:nttl freely givi- you imy beief.t
that a Stiate which pretenda.4 to 5tustaint a g'etnral
systetm fibi deto hmdntreima~itn a
etr withoumt at schl, of thei, kind ihr- the te-.gm
Itar sttply ot coitntt :nn1 at eustomted te-achl.
.u. In 'inIer ti wihil u-l-at to the svcailem, he~
furishiing the means fo r selfre'gultionii andl I
byv which may bei impzarted to it eofiual usufulnmess
ini ,verv paa~ortin of thie State, I recititineiti that l
the sev-eral lI o~-d5 of Co'ltam isionettrs ofi Free I
Scooeils lie autthorizedb l a w tll raise byv assm im
ment eiii thei atiit of gelioral thixe. li tW-ir
reseeiec Eletiioin 'ijstr-i-ts, a stum of mnieyt- I
eqa ta -apopited by then Stamte unit of! the
public trieasuiry, to lie e-xpe-nded andi accotnitedl
totr ini ike tmaiuner.Whnvrhelmsanb 1
raisedl for the pulrpeM, I ltink it woul cotib-~t
tle to thle welfamr.' of. the State to estal1ish also]
a 31iarinei Schlo ol, at theiu port of Charle-stuin. 1
AsI r on -rie I 4;AyF .it) Drcta m: rt
lb ta---I tramsnmit tihe reporit of the P'rintcipll
cit the A.<vlnt for Ileaf tit-s andii the Blindi.
The pubie i woriks thter- tire int progress, anid I.
amt happy to have it int liy piower, bty aidling in
the e-xpediture of the pnliei miomney, to conatr
b~ute so imewhiat tio the liberal establishmenittt of
this high charity. A mong the bditnd, as well as1
the dleaf anml tdamb, t rades are beginniing to oe- 1
cupy the mids anid theo htands of pupils, thus <
assirinigthiem of their ability to lie heclpfl, andi
cultivtinig a whtolesomte self-respect atnd cheert-I
fil inidustr-y. Sooni wiill grow up a colony of pu
pils otn the landhs of the State, andi a society :1
whichl will be indlelpendent and thirivinig, by their
variuis tradles andh occumpationis. Thme Comumis-'
sioners will see toi its regulaition in due time.
These good citizens have pierformecd so well thec
servicen of the Stnatn in t~his retrard-so consist
tit and disinterested llaive bcen their labors
:o judicious their arrangements for the benefit
f their chrge-ffit I have great satisfaction
it co-operating with theml e ef/icio.
I recommend that they be iivited to embrace
vithin the sphere of their-supervision the pub
ic education under the Free School laws; that
hey be authorized to organize and establish one
>r more Normal Schools in each division of the
state, for the preparation of teachers and-%i:
roduce and explain improvements in the meth
Ids of instruction. They should be .alloid
vhile on duty, during the recess of the Legis
ature, the pay and mileage of members. Ilith
rto they have received no coinpensatibn beyond
hat which arises from the consciousnes of ren
ering good service fo tlid State, and kind ofliccs
o the interesting objects of their care.
I: L.1Iows Scuooi. Ar Lierii.-During
he last stunmer,. ihi making a military tour
brough the 8,tate, 'a day was devoted to the
chool at Leth, in Abbeville District, fuded I
y the will of Dr. Johh 1)e L-t I [owe, at the
lose of the lst century. ie devises the land
in which he resided, with all his lands adjacent,
is librAry, &c., &c., for the purpose of keeping
ip the farm, and establishing a scbool for the
pport and education of twelve boys and
welve girls, of Abbeville District, so as to qual
fy them to imake intelligent and useful farners
,d farmers' wives, and especially recommends
hat the principles of c / r y be taught, so far
.s they are applicable to pratical agriculturei
,ld d inestic econimy. 'hus it '., nilcedi, a
ialuable nucleus of agrienl Iuoral Cblationl. wor
hypf the consideration atd enlightenei pat
onage of th'e General As-etbly. It is the
3undation of a benevolent lbreigner, whose re
naihiare there entomubed, and whose exaplile
s entitled to lbstinig honor and influence. I
ave recommended to the worthy Commission
rs, who now devote their time and attention to -
ts interests, to raise the standlardl of education1
a proportion as their mieans will allow. A
ifliculty in the way of their greater usefulness,
hey represent to me, lies in the want. of placdk
r their pupils after completing their term of i
aur years. If they were authorized, by law,
6 send one of their young men annually to the J
rsenal Academy, at Colnuibia, or four, or even 1
wo in the course of four years, and also within
he same term, four of the girls to a Normal I
lchool, in order to learn the art of teaching,
his obtacle might ultijnately be passed. Their 0
eacher, this year, is a% young man, formerly 1
nie of their pupils, who hks passeA successfully I
rough -the four years' course of'ilhe State E
cadeiies. It would contribute materially to I
he progres of that kind of education which I 1
as so long ljien desired in Carolina, if. this s
oung man could be sent to an agribultural <
hlin ;1- 'mornne for two years, and return to
The same report will rlC.eL ami & .. 1
iblit of the condition of tihe ibanks. W ithinr
m years the number of banks ias been in- t
xeased to twenty, which are returned montllv, I I
ith an aggregate capital of -,
ith a specie basis inl September of 999!:39!9,- i
1.and a line of domnestie exchange atmomiting l
0,;5.-1:10 98. (If t he last sun. six of the
iks in the colnmiuercial city of Clarlest ' il
ing a caupital of *5, 1:36.6-12 25, returned for 1
cir part only 8:3,027.6577. The capital of e
IC t(i b:mtiks i rt mi:itiieI in t he exhibit muoutts I
slo,1:;.'i-1.; their circilation ir Sep inm
erws.:.;081;their specie (.ni hand firl
:ii :e m'nti, 85'.7,i49 , 15. 'The ci rcolationi I
St~he s'aie lthms, as shoivn ini t he mont1 o
ctbeir, wa .9:1.80.504. aomrl thleir speciee
nounted t o 91j:;.im::.!!5. Thel ten baniks last
uned, haviing toiget her at capita l of 1 ,70o0(NJ,l
tred for theiri ciruculation1 in SeplteinberD:O , a i
15,44 ; specie on hanud, $ It01,450 21. Thle cir
lation of the samue 1baniks, as shown in the t
etober exhibit, was .i:3,2l5,;315 50! specie oni'
ainl;$27 :07,1II.
%u the first half of the year, I was pleased to
yarn that the bills of the~ principal bianks int
outhi Carolina constituted still a portioni of thet
io, apphro~ved-cutrrency int thme West, antd weree
ailablde also to travellers as far North as thme
ity of New York. Those of .somne of the smial
,r'banks, it was said, were somtetimues foundti, at
.rtaii pints in the Western States, circulat ing
O freely and iln too great numbers. In granut
g charters hereafter, I think it woul be well
Sconfine the banks to dealitig in exelhange,
iscont amd depo.sit. Thle issue of hills fo~r euri
an should be ihe prerogative of the Ikank of
le State, which, ini itLs turn, should be denoidI
he privilege of discouti ng notes or dealiing ini
'imestic exchlaiige. The corpoirations which
eamnd a circuilatinig medilium for thieirlbusiness,
hiould apply to the SIat e aut lit iIy for the samte,
eposi ting one-fthirdl of the :inonu t desired in
peie, aind' t he reimaindler in sat isiictory secinn- (
ies, o as toi n~sm-ie the pubtlic of the siumbui ss uit5
id coinverltibili fy of a miixed enirrenucy. 'This I
imegestion is m:'le on I he siujpposit ion thatiI thec
tate will atdhere to I lhe llaii< of I lie Silate ast
Sfiscal agent, not i. Lecanise I preftr if. as such.i
nless someit such imoditicattionu ouf I he sy-feim he I
di ptsed, I amn ofi the opinion f iat it would coni-i
mice to the sountdness of the cnrreiney, amd mioe
o~ thle interest< of thle wholed coiiimmuity, to I
ai h anukingr buin~mess of thue State done by.
ix erporat ions, instecad of twenty.
I reconimnend t hat the laws against usury bie Ii
epeled, leaviing the legaul raite of interest at 7 I
cr cenit., wherwe noi cottract is imade. .A kniow- I
idgiig the' priniple11 of t his reform as .sotud, I I
ae hithierfo, in antot her capacity, refrainied
r.omu prssn it, believing that flhe public mtind
leubl be preiiaredl for it biy full discussion. I
m now of olijnion that. it shoiuld no longer lie
4 st poned. Monimey is eniti tled ito lie ben'teih t of
market als well as every coimmodi ty ; and the
wer (if money should not be denied the privi- t
ee of leniding it except through the aurtificial,
ud( somnetinmes costly, imedium of a corporation.
nks, too, should be allowed to take, for the
ise of mooney loaned, wvhatever it is worth in
ie imarket, andi be thereby relieveud from the
empting facility of evading thec law in order to
nrease their prtohits.
Ssi'nssrox or Si'uen : Parvm:r.-Rlegard-1
ng the recent revulsion ini fimance amid thuc cur
ency, I will not attemupt t~o enmicrate in cau
es, but will venture to direct your attention
iot so much to thme bantks, as to the system of
tanking. A system which sanctionis the issue
if paper money to so large an amount, leading
o iflated credits, inflated prices, extravagant
iabits of living and reckle.=s speculation, may be
upposed calculated to produce a crisi~s soomner or
tter. Thme unhappy sinkinig of a ship, with b~ul
ion from Califoria, or any event sufliciently
xcitiig to create a momentary panic, was
nouh to precipitate it. It huas had the'effect
pbrlyze the arm of hotnest industry, wher-)
v.. 1lbr is onnose1 to apital-.to deproe the
pening market for prodi And to impair the
:onftdence between mAt - man. The banks
in this:State were affected be common panic,
id felt the pressure sey Some of them,
fielding to its influence, ' suspende d spe
payments. Th susens specie payments'
by-a badkifia failu edeem its notes on
emand- a .forfeitur~ iiPromise to pay in
'old 7oiler, ce t c in,;the full value of
ivcfy. bill issued froIii cJunter-a promise,
>n whici is' ~,d thepri, lege granted by the I
state to' isse ballind to .rculate then as cur
ency.- However itinay ,b suppoSed to afibril
resiit relief- to the oess interests of the
unty,-whiclr, unfert aly, nre so wound up
17thhe lanksasjd su - tably from the
hontraction o fheir.eredA' and their strinlgent
lemandg it is deirflizi in its tendency.
The ba ofthISta vith which I am at
dl fatniliar, ai*well'.dt itered. Several of
ienihave bravely wiit i the shock, and are
repared to io a.legitnimi' business as usual.
A1l, it is believed,- are ent. If, however,
;here be some so dependi t on the banks and
3rgkers 9f New York, as" fail in their pledges
*the public, when thd orthern banks fail, it
itheirinisfortune to e to answer for the
ins of others, ais wel ci fpr thcir own misman
tgenient. The consequet' to the quiet, unin
tiated, and the liboring nnunnity, are alike
listrust and los,-leading g want and suffering
oo often to moralruin 1 crime. Thu State,
01), suffbrs fromthe'abe tion of coin and I lie
lepreciation ofiredit ie salc of her bes,
,oth for buildin t N State Capital and for
ading the congtfcution j the Blhe Ridge Rail
ond. (Othforme, I ed 400 certiilcates
in the 5th of Maich, and'of the latter, 100 on
lhe 4th of,.May.)
Whatever the exigency A.t will be long before
oniidence is.-geyerally red, and commerce
,an move tranquillyan -1y in its usual chan
els, though inot near so g, I trust, as in 1837.
fhien the stppension in .barle-ston took place in
day, and lasted fifteen nths; now, It occurs
n October, at the.openiz of a business season1
ith a fair (though not'igge) crop of cotton and
'ice on -hand, as the bis of commercial com
nunicationi with capitali a of the home market,
mnO. of exchange with Europe.
The moment of exciteoient, apprehension and
inancial pressure, is nova time to legislate re
pecting the banks. The' xisting laws, if sound,
ill be vindicated in pgctice; if -otherwise, it
vill be wis-e to repeal orynodify them whenthe
mblic mind is calm, an4'ommertcial confidence
hall have been r*itored. Jnenactingstatute law,
he statesman, to whose, wisdom and integrity
he plublic wilfaie isentrusted, will not for the
akeof doing somethingwhen in position, yield
ither to the crudeiuft*itions of his own obser
-ation, or to the n'
a n mot, iijured by such convulsions, which must
duce prices. But of all classes, the lea-t liable
o be altected by them is the planiter, who i
a1ppily out of debt, who properly dramns and
lows deep his soil, an whose contelited fam1il
hiastrate in their daily life the beauties of' im
licity and virtue-the social cheerfuil ness of'
listry and a just economy. Let him send
r'n'tal to market his croip, as it is prepared.
very sale that is made, every debt that is paid.
Verv hundrm'ed dolhars which circiliates from11
ani to hand, will help to restore the genead
redit, -Id to rc-establish a healthy cireuncy.
t necessary toP prosperous and stale markets,
'Izter's, as well as otheirs, miust submiiit to a r'e
eti n of prices. They are entitled, al~uo. to
aim the benelit of a1 reduced scade in luan-cha-i ng
ipplies. Al thugh the imairket lor' prtleeL
iu-t irule lower, it will SOonl become heal'hy~
id comipenszating it' the crops be not withhenld.
T1IneLAnys.-With may best discretion, 1 have
ndeaored to inisure a fhithful execuitioin of' the
ns. Sev'eral cases of hiardishipas doubt less have'
cured. Whaerne snehi have not.heien relieved by
:xecutive iinitrference, it hans beemn owiang to the
uo f requenit instanices of a siiir kind, implera
ivey reqpuring examnples to deter others from
Wfending.
it is to be regretted that olilances byv illicit
railie in spir'itauous liquors, wit ne icgroes espe
sefrstndiksuests this trade to the
ipin~i'ciledi, as$ the r'eady' meanis of imakinig a1
ivelihooed, or of aniss$ing ill-gotton gains. .s
ie diilliculty of' detection ineiases, it imay bei
oll to rei2'se the law andi make somei ameitnl
lnet as to its sanctionls amnd tihe na~ture' of its
enalities. in cer'taini jinarterIs thei evils growing1
ut of' its infract ionis are compiljiced2 i, andiu
breten, unliess~ chiecked, to lbecomiing gra2ve.
't may bei ini this, ats ini some otheri ces, t h't.
he law would be ellicalcious, if those who are
specte tioh enitiree it. were inwenr fai Il bid and.l
Irmtl . Thieire is a teunderneaass ini oim-'i~ nti nre,
gainst. of mnmlers, andit fraon carriniig oiu full
ie latw etnt ruzsted toi their vigihmee. Thiar 'ex
sts, tiooS sometiimes, ani inidillfieence as5 to a
iroper knowledlge of' the laws gener'ially, whic'h,
netxcisale ini thle ci tizAen, aids thle boldinman,
lose design is to profit bay disreLgardini lg their
ois%ionsii. EKven some who beari the c'onnniiis
ion oft4 the Stale seemiu, ini igntor'ance' ofl the hiaw.
arescibinig I heir dutlies, to net imaily on groiinis
' expaediencey and mlotives of' puilic'y. Surely
i'ei ciizenm wh'o acc'epts, miuch iaare lie wh''lo so
iciits 21 eiimuinisiton, shiould informi htimaselt' as to
e duties of' his si ation, and performaa them to
bet bes't of' his ability, faithfully.
Whenever' I have had occasion to inter'ferie at
.11 withI the senteonce of the conrts, ini cases'
'be'e the peinalhty was to be in;llieted on thle
irson,1 either capitally or corporeally., I have
lirected the Sherill' to confine its ox'cettlion to
he p:ecincts of the jail yard, with the Clei'k
f the Court and sonie few substantial citizens
25 witiesses.
I think that the law is deficient in omitting to
rovidle somle punishment for those ol'eiaces
'.hich are technically cidled breaches of trust, or'
mbezlement, in contra-distinction to larceny ;
he violation of' nmorality is the stumne in both-.
he diference beetween them, artificial andl shad
wy ; and1( I see iio good reason why the oinc
uhold lbe visited with the tmest degrading lion
shient know.~n to our statute book, while the
ther passes unnoticed. Recent experience has
arough t forcibly to my notice that some statutes,
rescribing a severity of' punishmnti which is
ot consonant with the necessities, or the spirlit
f' the age, have been allowed, through ove'r
~ight, to remain unrepealed, and though near'ly
bsolete in fact, arte still of force, legailly. In
ils view Iwoeuld recomminendl a recvision of the
:i'iminal law, andi coensidering that this laiw is
imple, and capable of being rendered comnpre
ensible to all persons of intelligence, I think
.ta reduction into a code would be advisable.
:nl.m Ui:ATIONS.-In the occasional iis
cussiols of the political position of the State, I
have taken 110 part. Regarding it as well set
tied since the convention of 152, 1 perceVie no
room for material differences amongst her citi
z.ens who wish to agree. It there be a respect
able number who desire to assuciate themselves
with the general Deinocratic party ii noiniating
conventions, let them do so without committing
thse State. While induilgilg the spirit of conl
ciliation, however, it behooves its to beware, le(nt
in our kind feeling.s towards distinguished citi
'.ens ol that party, we drift into the smooth eur
rent of nationalism. The Federal aspect of
South Carolina, so tIr as it is infliieed by her
tate policy, is obnoxious to many01)- 1oliticlianiS in
America; anid soie it ofur own gouod m1en1 seeit
to believe, with them, that it is chielly aristocrat
ie pride which keeps her in pIOsitio ; thItt the
mniii of South Carolina arrogate to*themiselves
superior wisdom and patriotisin, and to their wo
mienl superior virtine. Whereas. without arroga
tilg" Lo tohemLsielves anly siperioiilv, the truth is,
that whatever of wisdoi or liatriotisi or virtue
nay characterise her people, are- among the hapl
py consequences res ill Ling from her-instiLutions,
political, social and domestic. Long may we
herish thel.
The coniparative segregation of the State in
pilities heretoforie, is not as hopelil to soie pro
,ressive mindi as the power-lhe seening order
Amd harmony--prccoling froi coinhiation with
i. nat i0nal Iri V. EX )eiriellce t4! eles the c's
sity of toleratiitag IXtreies, eveni in polities, ill
order to secure a Jint iean. If South Carolina
hias ever occupied' the extreme positio'n of isola
ion, it was not froin choice, buL fromi thle force
if the patriotic principles which regulated her
ietion, like the balance wheel, whose motion,
pecnliar, anl to the careless observer apparently
iseless, is Vet so necessary to the ecccessfll and
afe operation of the great engine. There is. in
Iaet, no disposition on the part of this State to
ither fanaticism or isolation. Politicians may
rangle, and public journals may oppose one
mtrene of o)iion1 and argument aglinst anoth
r; the people of the State will adhere to the
uist medium. Venerating and preserving those
principles so essential tothe reserved rights of
Ahe States, which are illustrated by the history
)f Carolina during the last thirty years, they will
be ever ready and willing to inake common
ause with the neighboring States. having a com
non interest to protect, and to unite as hereto.
ore with the general Democratic party in the
Electoral College, and in the Federal Councils
Iaso, so long as those principles are duly respec
ed in practice.
Kmisis.-Otir friends in Kansas, who have
struggled man fully to sustain aln unegual contest,
ris en;flto. f-.. i.-- w m v-'is all we have a
'erred to, iee'. -
if South Carolina. who ap1land1 the wiSM. -
ha decree inl which they ar, now jtmici:illy iii
odied. (wing to the preijudices ot' birth, eduti
.tioi and as.sociationi, nmei reared ditierently
Vil iliverge in SemintimetCnlt froim eaih'l ot01-r. V
,eeially is this the case inl relation to domestitc
laverv-anl inistitution whivb existed whicn tle
\ierician Constitution was aoiteld, ani was
-ecognized thlereby4. L,1t the har%% dof haity pre
iin judging one aniothier. In prserving anW
irotecting the property of' our fiathers. in ne:-o
h v(s, we deti ourselves eniiitd to Iithe re'spect
m1d stidl of all goodI mensi and1 wi.e statesmlenl.
Jur aice-stors. deal:-ig with .olil andtl silvir cohi.
mulight the ine'.ro from the c'apitalisit l t i-: iil
mdi Newv En:tghuLii. whoswe irivinig Iradeh, hioweveir
ro'idece of' Go,t to conivert the bal'l~rbari
l:iiestie. the C2hri.st inn hhn-k hailborer iof A imurica:.
lhere are tfew resltsL miore aimtaing th:un Iase
'hih arei producliedl by) te fruits of ibi., thi
Slor whieb eouldii nmre be ii ncised with
tiilllanufacturessodependen~; tulttoiits pr'ohiionsli.
'Tut: S-rne-r'i' olrW;l \\'amsl-oX.-( ne of the
ast letters which [ recei vedl fromi te late .ii-~i
or B utler. iehrttedl to a ciopy, in bronhze, of .lion
lii's stine ofi \\'iniii:ami, which h~e recomi
cratin goodii nii. It is a boonit to i:mutkindl
vben the goodl God' permits sonui tiims thte wis5
lom wit loivi. SSoicited with iithi andi lope, to bet
-siohdied i a hium:it formii whollse lhviir we may~i
ioik tupoilneul :inhtirek. It is triue that iourl dei
.1 grattitde toi his tmemotwry e:iiot thus lie paid;
lt it is idue to oiirselves that we shiotihl nekinowi
~dgi it inl Sinnel visibile token. anid it is due to)
nIheiea of his maly prliporttiltns, orwitIn-n en-.
oned by their mtronl'ls IIo studiy the ha~ratcti'r iit
1I l.propos that a statut hl e i ordered :ull ithai
ast, l in mtking a visit.lii tthl' lagazinei in ('har
ia llo.:hiwing sii'it lilii i o iir streeti-s. whmich
he city aultrities hul causedi to lie tiarld.
i t'-, lhv siquare's ii sullcessiin, werei 5il
i nuetiotn in the ci:y* martk't. C'onliiving'.,
,rthwuithI, lhei iniconvteniiieee andildangerr to ihe'
ro'pl'r ofi the Statte that. woitl ensuire from
mvintg'peiirstois seti Ie ini dwe-lliings ot' a ny sort,
nutier mlii very wvalls of thle Sl!agaztine,' an l the
oss whicht the S"tate wouhlll hiave' ti subit to
ieen'tter. if deisirwius iio idislod:.e thenm when omnce
a possession, I did noi t hesitaite to assumel1 the
espnsuii lity of instrucmt ing ir. Yeadont to puri
-hase thr Ite Sta te :tll t he hits, and paritit of lots.
lt ween' tin' Stt landiis aiii the line of the
Noth eastern r-ai lway. A tter someli delav this
was at lenth accomiplishied, hby the alssistance of
the At tiir'ne' General, in the mlonlthI of May', at
cost of $:(,4:15 50 for the' land, and $11 501 for
recording the titles, to which is addied the sum
ot' $'.!; 07 for enclosimng the groomds. A porit
tion of' this tract is low marsh51, covered by the
ides, and at presenit valueless, except for pirivi
ege; bulit thle contvenienece of tranispor-tation biy
water ont the East, anld by railway otn the WVest,
renders it practicable to fill thiese portains when
ever it may be desirable. Tile probability is,
that the whohe prtopety will rather apipreciate in
'alue thani otherwvise, ini the c-ourse of years. It
wvill be propel' amid safe to close the streets of
hect ofar as they' run through this property.
1 reoinendthat this be done by authority of'
lw at your present session.
Cuai A~.svs ast, Must'its-Thle present year
ha ns stitignaizied by the completion of the
conce raihvayv coimununliication between the
Atlatie, at Charieston and Savannuah,and tileriver
Mississini, at Memphis, int the State of Tenntes
sen T 'Id happyeovet:tWas duly celebratedwb tile
municipal authorites of the citnes at either end
of the line. in May and iJune last. In north
latitude ::4 deg. 4i min.. I witnessed the meeting
of the waters-those of the turbid Mississippi
poured into the briny Atlantic ; and on the part of
the State I gave welcome to our neighbors of
Georgia, and to our common friends from the
valley of the Mississippi.
I trust it will not he long before the railways
froi Meiphis and Nashville and Knoxville will
dehl)im-he into South Carolina through the Blue
Ridlge! moun11tains1. I id the satisfaction to
wit ness the progries of e tunnel on this line,
in the month of August. I recoignized on that
occasion the triumph of science at every step,
in the excellent dispositions of the enginers.
The best spirit seemed to prevail :mong cng i
niee.rs, contract rs, ani hdLre's.
O12i.0GIrAw. Srnivt:rY ANi I:IS-TrATiOs.-I
trust the General Assembly will continue its
patronage to the I -ological Sirvey of the State.
and to tho IL-gi-iralmtion of the births, Deaths
IIl Marriages. Dillicultios nust attend both
niidertakings,. in their incipiency. But I ni
persuaded that, in th clever reports on those
subjects, you will fund reason to be encouraged
in pernsing them. The report of the Geological
Survpyor, and that of the aijutant and Inspec
tor General, are herewith submitted, together
with Major Parker's report on the variations of
the Imagntieic needle.
That viumr delilentions nay ie directed for
good to the putblie we:l, is nIy sinlevr. prayer.
Into your iands the allairs of the coinnion
weai:1lthi are couInniued.
R. F. W. ALLSTON.
A WORD TO ThOSE IN DEBT.
We speak especially to planters, who have
produce 1o send to market. The restoration of
prosperity in the South now depends chiefly
upon snch. If they give timely aid, the conn
try may be saved from titter prontration. They
have what will bring iiioney into circulatioi,
and unless they sell their crops, and eillect this
desirab!e result, by paying all that they owe,
and thus enabling others to pay their debts
likewise, many a failure will take place, even in
the South, where thus far there have been but
few.
It is said that planters are holding cotton
back for better prices. Surely it can be only
those who owe nothing; for it would be hard
to believe that an honorable man who owes 1
money, would not be in haste now to pay his
debt, lest by his delay he should help bring I
ruin mediately or immediately upon some credi- I
tor. If a man loves mammon more than honor,
with him it may not be an open question as to
the moral right of a debtor to keep back his i
nriiduce from market, even when prices rule I
----- i nut in i
oods are rapiuly reunngio .
are signs of a finalicial lanic and heavy fitlure,
in several continental states, and if England
nniot find a market for lor manufaictures, she
cannot buy her usual supply of cotton. Many
Nort hrn iauilfactluries. 4)) have ceased opera- t
ting, and the hunie-iariiket for cotton is alnim.-t
closedl,-so nearly all must be sold abroal. The i
rate ot' iiterest has been put, up hirely iin El
rope ; and the means of pulraling in conse
qiiently diminished. Besides, the whole eilect
A' the niorthern failures has iiot tranllspired.
.lanv of thtiose who have failed are hwrgely in
Iebted in Europe. and our niext. :rrivaLs may
sho' w that finiilii troubles have reced~ their ii
redeit(ors aibroiad, andii plroduced as greatt a pianlic. [
as has swepit over our own ciuniry. it' we say
thle price of cottoni will ad~vaince, we ar guie asr
though things abroatd arc to- remain as theyi
have been tar the past twelve nmonthis, a mnatter .s
by' n10 means certain), aiid, as we judge, not ati
all probable. We do nut wishi aiiy one, who-r
has no idebts to) pay, to sacritiee his crops to j
'iur' imigmienit, or to (d0 otherwise tibait follow I
his iiwn, lint we muut say that, itf we had cotton I
to sell. dlebt or no idebt, we woulud dispose of it, i
at the'earliest possible opportunity. For fuller
iiiiinrat ion ais to thme state of tirade, we iefer
to our monthly rep~ort of the Charleston mar- i
A t.oNa Tfu: -ro Warr....In the middle of'
the liite~eth century, the Count of' Li.'ogrono wa
maie prisoner by thle l.iu!:e of linrgundy lle I
nionomed h i le by* thle surrender of iionien-e
estates, canditionieI, however, that they should
iot be olIm,il that rd'ter four hundreliLd year~
they shoe ull revert. ito thme heirs of the Co mut.
For t his honr tinie thei estates have becen enjoy
el hv ithue heirs iif tihe liike, and the uihimaate j
i'A of. hi hir s of thle I oulnt have bieen kept
in view andl iricognized. The four i nin''rd
er's have expired, and t lie arr:imgemients have
i~en imade liir the t ransfe'r ot theii pr.-iy''i . -
The hlirs of' lie D)uke, have elijeed to piay -
:li,00t) franic.. for thte clear' i tle to tine pr'
pert,. -t
Mir. TI.:s Ruihm i has wilten homtie to one' of
his friiendis that lie will iretuirn friim Englatndi
before the holidays. He will leave his horsesI
I erei, and endeavor to pick upi sime f'resht ones
he'i , withI whieb lhe wvill agaiin go tio linglad
in the Sprimg. Thio'.e posted ill such inatiter.
uncompriii initii-igty assert that Prirrs, if' she
iremainis na t lie et her siide :miother yea~r. Si' ht .
slie can becoime perfectly neelimiateid, will ito
what she has vet failed to do; " tamke dowi'' all
the iriti sh r'ace horses. Thie loss of1 I'ior,i
however, i~s a'dliintt eid on all handii' to have bee ci
the greatest disaiten t hat coul have eeinedil
to Mr. Then Uroeck's stabele. As compnaired with
//compl andl lriores, he was iiiniomp~aably
hidr superiotr.-Courrespioiilenit of the Comieir.
Grand Eincaimpmnits of Kniights Temiplar ot'
Oio, a lew weeks since, passedl a resolution
severing all connection with the Genieral Graund
Encampment of the Uited States, andi taking
a positioni as an indlependeiit body; the reamson
given therefor being thnat the United States En
capent hiad virtually disbanided biy its own
action. This course was dissented from by a
portioim of its members, aind a fewv evenings '1
since the Cincinnati Encaimpment uniaiinimsly'
~aed a rcedolution ohlfered lby the G rand Master
of the ordert in the State, requiestinig the Granid 1
Encampment to meet agaiin at an early day andil
re-consider their action. It is .said that thist
moveimeit will operate to the disorganization of<
the Tremplar' Ordt.r in Ohio if persisted in.
Ax Englishman boasting to an Irishunan that<
porter was meat and drink, soon after became an
very drunk, and retuminug home fell iinto a ditch', I
where Pat discoveinig him exclaimed:-.
"An' faitht an' you said it was mate and drink .
to ye; and by me soul it's a much better thing, I:
for it' wakin' and lodgin' too"'
RESIUNATION OF REY. DR. MNI.
We find the following in the southern flap
ist, who.-e regret will be participated in by
arge portion of the State. .
RESIGNATION OF DR. MANLY.-Wegregt
mnnounce that Rev. B. Manly, D. D, has .re-!
tigned his Pastorate of the Wentworth Seit
Baptist Church in this city. He has held thii
inportant place for more than two years, after
mi interval of eighteen years? residened in A.
ana between his former long pasto'ate over
Ahe First Baptist Chnrch in this city. It is in
1eritood that lie is likely to repair to Alabaia
Igain, so long the scene of his labors as Presie
lent of the State ollege. and as an eflicient
Mfinister of the Gospel.. His resignation is to
,o into eifect at the close of present year., We-,
Nan only express th eep regret which-all the
ministers and members of the Baptist Churches -
ii this city must feel in his removal,. and espe
,ially that his counsels as President of- thb
3on thern Baptist Publication Society, are tg b
ost to the Board in this city. We shall prairl
uy have occasion to give a more official and par
ienlar account of -Dr. Manly's removal from us
n a future number.
RELIEF OF THE POOR.
ScF.NErs oF SuFrituxa.-The cold weather'i4
-oniig, and will try severely the conditionof'
he poor in our midst-and through all-the
-Ointry. No State or place is exempt from
aitriering. The Newburyport (Mass.) Il rald
'"There probably never was a day in America
vhen tile Iooir were stifiering so much asthey
nre now; and that too when there never was so
,reat a crop prodneed, and when the weitteris
nilil and pleasant, so that neither fuel orvextr
:lothing is needed to keep warm. TheM are
housands who have not bread to eat, nor mean
t) earn it. Some have actually died of hun
>no case has been reported here, and anot
Providence, where the verdict of the cor
ury was death by starvation! The thou 1 .
morrible, that in the snuimer months, in, e
ull of wealth-full of bread-full of chu
,ll of societies for sending the gosi)el and
ionary teachers to the heathen, men'should e
,r absolute starvation. What is to, be in in -
vinter, if this we have before the last leaves
utumn have fallen ?"
Wq see further evidence of this destitution in
he crowded almshouses and the <alls of ablei.
odied men upon the overseers of the poor for
elp, and in the paragraphs from the newspapers,
ike this from the Providence Transcript:
"A gentleman a few days since, having pur- -
based his dinner at one of the provision stores
a our city, placed his basket on the door step
jr a moment to get some forgotten article'with: -
1. On his return he found his basket gone,
street he saw it in the hands of a
n off with it. The owner
talu iaetuiva ... . . '.-a
.lves beyonl the e.5pectations of the most hope
dl. Since he.storm coinenced not a single
Lilare lias ocenred. Perhapts they have paid
eir'debts. And we ask, where can another
lace he am mued whose manifictures amount to
ve million dollars per annum anda fitilure has
ot oeeind? Yet snch is the Taet in Lvnni:
inlee the 1st of May last. If this fCet sliall 'not
ive our linalufacturers credit, we know not what
A Nw Crvnv von C.. v:.-- man by the
ame of Fdgzar Fluker, has fhrwarded to) tile
.inden (Ala.) Ji'//ermudunai, a new recipe for the
ure of thuose pitid excreseences. cancers. The.
imedy is cheap and easy otf obtaining and lip
lying, and cannot p'ossibaly do any har1m. It is
imply to hold a toad frog, either dead or alive,
> the tffected part for the space of one hour,
speating the aid~iention) as occasion requires.
E ith six t'rogs \lr. Fluker says he enred a very
aini d cancer upon his nmose, of~ six year's, stabi
aig, andi now conisiders hinmself sound and and
-ell.
Go -rO Tl.mznn-:..-Tfazewell, \'irginia ison
f earth's fhvorced localities. The "hunger mtobs''
h~ouldl emigrate to that place immediately. The
'a-,:welI .\.lvocaute says that corn is sold at 20)
entS per bush~lel, ih htnn hogs. A core
init of the Itichmnonud Dspatich writes : " Liv
ug is cheap enough-only think ofeggs at 6.; et
er doz.en, chiickens~ at I.3 cents each, bacon 10)
cuis y lbi., ~ornl 25 eenits per~ bushel, aind woot.d
ulv :::I per. cord, deliver'mable at your door.'
Ovi:-l:nisu lins:s.-.\ writer in the~
w nuln V-armenr. who is a. lacksmith,
nre over-re.j.n-hing horses, anud increases their
ou' ingpe- d li fi .n o r I wenty secondus in-r ileh,
y~ the. followinlg madehu of shoueing, which inea-~f,
-.s the minonn of 1th. ihrward feet and ritards
ae mnotion .f the. hjiml ones. Ue makes tihe
e ank verr limv. stinoling- a little iiuder, and
bshioes -.-t as ihe b~ io-kwu rk a&s convenie~nt. on1
bei forward feet,. with high hl-uleanlks, so as5 to
ai them roll.1 over as sooni as possible. O~n tihe
ind feet, the heel-eauilk is low and the toe-caulk
igh and projectinig forward. Horses shod thus,
racil clean. wiih no cliek.
lI :st: ' rvji n or Si':u.: P'.tiXTs.-The New
ork xpress saycs: "Te'l g aonto
peri ii. th uivanis lu the cit anksnshOs
hei reinlineuss to' resumoe speeci pantents when
ver the. uvreiiO' banmuk, are reauly to co-operate
rohl themiu. It' will exceed $20,000.000 unext
- ik.lan thle .1 ournial of Comec thinks will
.p:ui 822.rtul.000,~ a lairger amount by several
uilliuons tlhanu was ever in theu binks before.
'The banks of' Ohio, it is said. will hbe pre
sarid toi risume specLie paymen~iits as nuearly-as
mon lis :thIose ai liu heIt. Go.ld is daily heeomi
og more abndmant aind cheuapeir aut Cincinnati,~
ndl thuere aire morem Sueller5 1h.-.n buyvers ait 2 -
ndl :: per cenlt. pureiiinm. The accounts fromn
laryland, Chiicaigo and St. Louis are of similar
"In Alabma.um Gov. Wuinston, ill his mnes.-unge,
ames the nmonthi of May next as the latesL timne
t which specie payiments should be reisumued.
" We hop.e bethre May next to see that all our
anks have resumed."
1'A1iNG U.-About $10,000 has already
eenI paiid over to the Comptroller by this State,
Sacc'ordaiice with the provisions of their'chat
ers ly law, they are required t' iyi
vent of their suspension, -five per es
he amount of bils inicirculation att the till y
aid suspension; With reference to the BanF:.
if the State,.this payment is merely nomina1
asthe amiount it imamediately returned on de.l
>sit by the Comptroller. Moreover the sum.
>aid by the other banks is also placed in that.
lank to the credit of the State, -so that thb
Bank of the State will be making a little by:
.hm patin-Sontharn LIght.

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