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CREDIT SYSTEM FOR FARMERS.
Concludion* of Rural Credit? Com?
mission Laid Deforo (Governors.
Colorado Springs, Colo., Aug. 26
Former and present Executives from
twenty-five States gathered here to
day for the opening of the annual
eonference of Governors. With them
sat Secretary of the Interior Frank
lin K. Lane, the j>er?onal representa
tive of President Wilson, to advise
them relative to policies of tho Fede
ral government.
The report of the Rural Credits
Commission was presented to the
eonference by Gordon Jones, of Den
ver, In tho absence of Senator Flet
cher, its chairman.
Kural Orgiinlzation Wan? il.
"Tho commission is deeply Im
pressed with the vital importai ce of
a thoroughly organized and united
rural population," said Senator
Fletcher in an authorized statement
from the commission which he In
cluded in his report.
"Tn this respect the countries of
Europe offer a lesson which may not
long be disregarded in America with
out serious consequences. The agri
cultural interests of mo?t European
countries visited by the commission
are organized along one or more of
the following lines: Credit, produc
tion, distribution and social organi
zation, for the betterment of coun
try life."
Definite recommendations by the
commission as the result of its ex
tensive Investigation of European
farming credit systems, will not be
formulated until certain committees
have gone through a mass of data
and prepared it for consideration of
tho entire commission.
Senator Fletcher made it clear,
however, that emphatic recommen
dations would be made for a system
of rural banking through which far
mers could secure better loans, and
1 brough which they could finance
their own co-operative producing,
buying and selling organizations.
President Wilson's recent state
ment that "?i distinct system of bank
ing must be provided for if rural
(.redits are to be successfully and ad
equately supplied" was referred to
by Senator Fletcher as a promise
that Federal legislation will soon be
taken up, with a view to relieving
the financial handicaps under which
American farming is carried on.
European Credit Systems.
"These European credit systems,"
he added, "are of two kinds, those
providing personal, short time credit
for operating purposes, and those
providing long time mortgage credit
for works of permanent development
and purchase."
The more highly developed short
time credit systems, said the repon,
bring all the farmers together In an
organization where they assume per
sonal liability for the society's debts.
The society pays interest on deposits
and loans to tts members al 5 or fi
per cent, and gives to each band of
farmers tho money with which lt can
finance co-operative sidling, buying
and producing organizations.
The other kind of credit is found
In mortgage-bond societies which
hold long-time mortgages bearing a
mod?rete interest and automatically
discharging part of their principal
?.ach year.
"This form of mortgage eredlt
would mean more money for ma
chinery, more for purchasing land
and for developing poor hind," said
Senator Fletcher in his report. "It
means fewer tenants and more own
ers. It means better rural life con
ditions."
The preliminary statement pre
pared by the rural credits commis
sion and contained in Senator Flet
cher's report, said in part:
"The organization for the provis
ion of personal credit facilities nre
as highly developed as are the sys
tems of commercial banking. The
prevailing rate of interest paid by the
farmers for short-time loans is from
? to 5per cent. The terms offer
ed European farmers are generalis
bettei designed to meet the peculiar
requirements of agriculturists than
are the ternis obtainable to-day by
the American farmers."
The "personal credit" organiza
tions, it added, are usually co-opera
tivs societies.
"These short time credit societies
furnish cheap, safe and elastic credit
to their members by reason of their
control by farmers, and aro organi
zations exclusively in the interest of
farmers, who operate them at nomi
nal cost and without seeking divi
dend profit to such societies," said
the statement.
'lt is the opinion of many leaders
of this movement in Europe that the
question of rural credit ought not to
be divorced from co-operation for
business purposes and the general
organization of community life in
rural districts. The studies of the
commission emphasize the necessity
of defining the functions on the one
hand of the government and on the
other of voluntary organizations in
promoting the development of coun
try life."
The commission on rural credits,
wit li representatives of the American
government, twenty-nine States, four
Canadian Provinces and several in
dependent American organizations,
went to Ku rope in April a year after
the Southern Commercial Congress,
and David Lubin, of the Internation
al Institute of Agriculture, had be
gun the movement for its appoint
ment.
Its members studied the farming
and credit systems of eighteen prin
cipal European countries, receiving
the close co-operation of the State
Department, the governments of for
eign countries and business and
financial interests abroad.
Senator Fletcher in his report to
day to the Governors urged them to
undertake earnest co-operation with
the rural credits commission, which
has established permanent headquar
ters in Washington. The first active
steps of a national character, he indi
cated, will be toward the establish
ment of an adequate systeiri of rural
banking, through which a great
Bcheuie of co-operation and country
developments can be built up.
Meal Revell Years on Ice.
Philadelphia, Aug. 2S-Moro than
I nu.ooo pounds of meat and eggs,
which have been in cold storage
houses of this city since 1906 have
been condemned by agents for the
State Dairy and Pood Commission,
and warrants have been issued to
day for the arrest of the dealers re
sponsible for the "unlit" products.
In addition 10,000 pounds of game,
which was stored in 1911, was tag
ged as unfit for food.
I nder the new cold storage act,
which went into effect August 1 4th,
there is a penalty of $500 or im
prisonment, or both, for storing beef
more than four months; pork, sheep
and lamb six months: veal three
months; butler and tish nine
months; fowls, drawn, five months;
undrawn, ten months.
Motlier of Eighteen Children.
"I am the mother of eighteen chil
dren and have the praise of doing
more work than any young woman in
my town," writes Mrs. C. J. Martin,
Doone Mill, Va. "I suffered for Ave
years with stomach trouble and
could not eat as much as a biscuit
without, suffering. 1 have taken
three bottles of Chamberlain's Tab
lets and am now a well woman and
weigh 1R8 pounds. I can eat any
thing I want to, and as much as I
want and feel better than I have at
any time in ten years. I refer to any
one in Doone Mill or vicinity and
they will vouch for what I say."
Chamberlain's Tablets are for sale
by all dealers. adv.
Anderson Intelligencer Sohl.
Anderson, Aug. 28.--The Ander
son Intelligencer, one of the oldest
semi-weekly pa 1MB rs in the State, has
been sold to a syndicate of local peo
ple and the transfer will be1 made on
September 1st. The idea has been
in progress for several days. The
price has not been made public, but
lt is understood on good authority it
is between $15.000 and $20,000.
The Intelligencer has had a wide
circulation and has been a good
paying proposition. The editor and
proprietor, V. B. Cheshire, says he
lias made no definite plans for the
'uture, but ls considering going into
politics and mav be a candidate tor
Congress from the Third District or
Lieutenant Governor.
THOMAS F. PARKER RESIGNS,
! hon ns M. Marchand Has liceo
\juned AH His Successor.
Greenville, Aug. 28.-At a meet
ing of the board of directe rs of the
v'ictor Manufacturing Co. and of the
Monaghan Mills, held on Tuesday,
he resignation of Thos. P. Parker as
?resident of these two mills was ac
.epted and Thos. M. Marchant was
dected as his successor in each ln
itance. Mr. Marchant has been vice
?resident of the mills individually
or some time past. M. L. Marchant
vas ?hosen vice president of the
nills.
No statement could be secured
rom the olllcials Of the mills last
light as the information was not oh
ained until a late hour, though it is
?resumed that the resignation of Mr.
'arker is in accordance with a ru
nor which has been current that ho
vould retire from active participa
ion in the conduct of the mills of
vhlch he was president. This does
lot affect the Parker Mills Company,
?f which Lewis \V. Parker is prosi
lent, as Thos. F. Parker was presi
lent of those mills individually,
hough they were in the Parker
'"Pon Mills Company.
Diarrhoea Quickly Cured.
"I was taken with diarrhoea, and
dr. Yorks, the merchant here, per
vaded me to try a bottle of Chan)'
ie ria in's Colic, Cholera and Diar
hoea Remedy. After taking one
lose of lt I was cured. It also cured
?tilers that I gave lt to," writes M. E.
lebhart, Oriole, Pa. That ls not at
ill unusual. An ordinary attack of
liarrhoea can almost invariably be
sured by one or two doses of this
eniedy. For sale by all dealers, ad.
Even light wine has been known
o produce a dark brown taste.
PRESIDENT AG
PEARS BEF(
Io Sound and Statesmanlik
nounces to Congress His
the Situation in rviexit
cans Who Can tc
Washington, Aug. 27.-President
Wilson in person addressed Congress
to-day on the Mexican situation as
follows:
Gentlemen of the Congress:
It is clearly my duty to lay before
you, very fully and without reset ca
tion, the facts concerning our pres
ent relations with the republic of
Mexico. The deplorable posture of
affairs in Mexico, I need not de
scribe, but I deem It my duty to
speak very frankly of what this gov
ernment has done and shall seek to
do in fulfillment of its obligation to
Mexico herself, as a friend and neigh
bor, and to American citizens whose
lives and vital interests are daily af
fected by tho distressing conditions
which now obtain beyond our south
ern border.
Those conditions touch us very
nearly. Not merely because they lie
at our very doors. That, of course,
makes us more vividly and more
constantly conscious of them, and
every instinct of neighborly interest
and sympathy is aroused and quick
ened by them; but there is only one
?dement in the determination of our
duty. We are glad to call ourselves
the friends of Mexico, and we shall.
I hope, have many an occasion in
happier times as well as in these
days of trouble and confusion, to
show that our friendship is genuine
and disinterested, capable of sacri
fice and every generous manifesta
tion.
Peace in Mex leo Means Much.
The peace, prosperity and content
ment of Mexico means more, much
more, to us than merely an enlarged
field for our commerce and enter
prise. They mean an enlargement of
tho field of self-government and the
realization of the hopes and rights of
a nation with whose best aspirations,
so long suppressed and disappointed,
we deeply sympathize. We shall yet
prove to the Mexican people that we
know how to serve them without
first thinking how we shall serve
ourselves.
But we are not the only friends of
Mexico. The whole world desires her
peace and progress; and the whole
world ls interested as never before.
Mexico lies at last where- all the
world looks on. Central America is
about to be touched by the great
routes of the world's trade and in
te-course running free from ocean to
ocean at the isthmus. The future has
much in store for Mexico, as for all
the States of Central America. But
the best gifts can come to her only
if she be ready and free to receive
them and to enjoy them honorably.
America Waits on Development.
America, In particular-America
north and south and upon both con
tinents- waits upon the development
of Mexico and that development can
be sound and lasting only if it be the
product of a genuine freedom, a'just
and ordered government founded
upon law. Only so can it be peace
ful or fruitful of the benefits of
peace. Mexico has a great and envi
able future before her, if only she
choose and attain the paths of hon
est constitutional government.
The present circumstances of the
republic, I deeply regret to say, do
not seem to promise even the foun
dations of such a peace. We have
waited many months, months full of
peril and anxiety, for the condition
there to improve, and they have not
Improved. They have grown worse
rather. The territory in some sort
controlled by the provisional authori
ties at Mexico City has grown small
er, not larger; the prospect of the
pacification of the country, even by
Firms, has seemed to grow more and
more remote; and its pacification by
the authorities at the capital is evi
dently Impossible by any other means
than force.
Huerta Failed to Make Good.
Difficulties more and more entan
gle those who claim to constitute the,
legitimate government of the repob
le. They have not made good their
slalm in fact. Their successes In the
field have proved only temporary.
War and disorder, devastation and
confusion seem to threaten to be
!Om? the setfle'd fortune of the dls
racted country.
As friends we could vvait no lon
ger for n solution which every week
seemed further away. It was our
luty at least to volunteer our good
)tfices to offer to assist, if we might,
n effecting some arrangement which
vonld bring relief and peace and set
ip a universally acknowledged poltt
cal authority there.
Accordingly, I took the liberty of
ending Hon. John Lind, formerly
iovernor of Minnesota, as my per
ional spokesman and representative,
o the City of Mexico, with the foll
owing Instructions:
AJN AP
)RE CONGRESS
c Paper Mr. Wilson An
Beliefs as to the Needs of
:o-Urges AU Ameri
> Leave Republic.
Instructions Wilson Cave to Lind.
"Press very earnestly upon the at
tention of those who are now exer
cising authority or wielding influ
ence In Mexico the following consid
erations and advice:
"The government of the United
States does not feel at liberty any
longer to stand Inactively by, while
lt becomes dally more and more evi
dent that no real progress is being
made toward the establishment of a
government at the City of Mexico
which the country will obey and re
spect.
"The government of the United
States does not stand In the same
case with the other great govern
ments of the world In respect to
what is happening or what is likely
to happen in Mexico. We offer our
good offices not only because of our
genuine desire to play the part of a
friend, but also because we are ex
pected by the powers of tho world to
act as?Mexico's nearest friend.
Acted for (.?nul of Mexico.
"We wish to act in these circum
stances in the spirit of the most earn
est and disinterested friendship. lt
is our purpose in whatever we do or
propose in this perplexing and dis
tressing situation not only to pay the
most scrupulous regard to tho sover
eignty and independence of Mexico
that we take ar a matter of course to
which we are bound by every obli
gation of right and honor-but also
to give every possible evidence that
we act in the interest of Mexico which
they may feel that they have the
right to press.
"We are seeking to counsel Mexico
for her own good and in the interest
of her own peace, and not for any
other purpose whatever. The gov
ernment of the United States would
deem itself discredited if it had any
selfish or ulterior purpose in transac
tions where the peace, happiness and
prosperity of a whole people are in
volved. It is acting as its friendship
for Mexico, not as any selfish inter
est, dictates.
"A satisfactory settlement seems
to us to be conditioned on
"a. An immediate* cessation of
righting throughout Mexico, a defi
nite armistice solemnly entered Into
and scrupulously observed.
"h. Security given for nu early
and free election In whici ill will
agree to take part.
"c. The consent of ("en. Huerta to
bind himself not to be a candidate for
election as President of the republic
at this election, and,
"d. The agreement of all parties
to abide by the results of the election
and co-operate In the most loyal way
In organizing and supporting the new
administration."
Mr. Lind executed his delicate and
difficult mission with singular tact,
firmness and good judgment, and
made clear to the authorities at the
City of Mexico not only the purpose
of his visit, but also the spirit In
which it had been undertaken. But
the proposals he submitted were re
jected, In a note the full text of
which I take the liberty of laying be
fore you.
I am led to believe that they were
rejected partly because the authori
ties at Mexico City had been grossly
misinformed and misled upon two
points. They did not realize the
spirit of the American people in this
matter, their earnest friendliness and
yet sober determination that some
just solution be found for the Mexi
can difficulties; and they did not be
lieve that the present administration
spoke, through Mr. Lind, for the peo
ple of the United States. The effect
of this unfortunate misunderstand
ing on their part is to leave them
singularly isolated and without
friends who can effectually aid them.
So long as the misunderstanding
continues wo can only await the time
of their awakening to a realization
of tlie actual facts. ' We cannot ti rust
our good offices upon them. The sit
uation must be given a little more
tinte to work itself out in the new
circumstances; and I believe #thnt
only a little while will be necessary.
For the circums.anees are new.
The rejection of our friendship makes
them new and will inevitably bring
Its own alterations In the whole as
pect of affairs. The actual situation
of the authorities at Mexico City will
presently be revealed.
It is Our Duty to Ho Patient.
Meanwhile, what ls lt our duty to
do? Clearly, everything that we
do must be rooted in patience and
done with calm and disinterested de
liberation. Impatience on our part
would be childish, and would be
fraught with every risk of wrong and
folly. We can afford to exe/cise the
self restraint of a really great na
tion which realizes its own strength
-Tl---i
and scoin? to misuse lt. It was our
duty to offer our. active assistance.
lt ls now our duty 'to show what true
neut/ality will do to enable the peo
ple of Mexico to set their affairs in*
order again and wait for a further
opportunity to offer our friendly
counsels. The door is not closed
against the resumption, either upon
the initiative of Mexico or upon our
, own, ot the effort to bring order out
of the confusion by friendly co-opera
tive action, should fortunate occasion
offer.
While we wait, the eontest of the
rival forces will undoubtedly for a
little while be sharper than ever just
because lt will be plain that ?n end
must be made of the existing situa
tion and that very promptly; and
with the increased activity of the con
tending factions will come, lt is to
be feared, increased danger to the
non-combatants in Mexico as well as
to those actually in the field of bat
tle.
Urges Anierionjis to I-iOtt-ve.
The position of outsiders ls always
particularly trying and full of hazard
whero there is civil strife and a whole
country is upset. We should earn
estly urge all Americans to leave
Mexico at once and should assist
them to get away In every way pos
sible- not because we would mean
to slacken in the least our efforts to
safeguard their lives and their inter
ests, but because it is imperative
that they should take no unneces
sary risks when it is physically
possible for them to leave the coun
try.
We should let every one who as
sumes the air of authority in every
part of Mexico know in the most
unequivocal way that we shall vig
ilantly watch the fortunes of those
Americans who cannot get away
and shall hold those responsible for
their sufferings and losses lo a defi
nite reckoning. That can be and
will be made plain beyond the pos
sibility of a misunderstanding.
No Arne, or Munitions.
For the rest I deem 1t my duty to
exercise tho authority conferred
upon me by the law of March 4th,
1913, to see to lt that neither side
to the struggle now going on In Mex
ico receive any assistance from this
side of the border. I shall follow
.the best practice of nations In the
matter of neutrlaity by forbidding
the exportation of arms of any kind
from the United States to any part
of the republic of Mexico-a policy
suggested by several interesting prec
edents and certainly dictated by
many manifest considerations of
practical expediency. Wo cannot In
the circumstances be the partisans
of either party to the contest that
now distracts Mexico, or constitute
ourselves the virtual umpire be
tween them.
I am happy to say that several of
the great governments of the world
have given this government their
generous moral support in urging
upon the provisional authorities at
the City of Mexico the acceptance of
our proffered good offices In the
spirit In which they were made.
Will Triumph ns Mexico's Friend.
We have not acted In this matter
under the ordinary principles of in
ternational obligation. All the
world expects us in such circum
stances to act as Mexico's nearest
friend and intimate advisor. This
is our immemorial relation towards
her.
There ls nowhere any serious
question that we have the moral
right in the case or that we are act
ing in the interest of a fair settle
ment and of good government, not
for the promotion of some selfish in
terest of our own.
If further motivo were necessary
than our own good will towards a
sister republic and our own deep
concern to see peace and order pre
vail in Central America, this con
sent of mankind to what we are at
tempting, tMs attitude of the great
nations of tho world towards what
we may attempt In dealing with this
distressed people at our doors,
should make us feel the moro sol
emnly bound to go to tho utmost
length of patience and forbearance
in this painful and anxious business.
"The steady pressure of moral
force will before many days break
the barriers of pride and prejudice
down and wo shall triumph as Mex
ico's friends more than we could tri
umph as her enemies-and how
much more handsomely, with how
much higher and finer satisfactions
of conscience and of honor!
The government of the finked
States will be glad to play any part
in this statement, or in its carrying
out, which it can play honorably and
consistently with international right.
It pledges Itself to recog?, /.e and in
every way possible and pro|>er to as
sist the administration chosen and
set up In Mexico in tho way and*on
the conditions suggested.
Taking all the existing conditions
Into consideration, tho government
of the Unitod States can conceive ol
no reasons sufficient to Justify those
who aro attempting to shape the
policy or exerciso the authority ol
Mexico in declining the offices ol
friendship thus offered. 'Can Mex
MEXICO REMAINS SILENT.
No Comment to Make on Wilson's
Message- No Excitement.
Mexico City, Aug. 28.-The Mexi
can government is silent on the mes
sage which the President of the Uni
ted States read before Congress out
lining the situation in this republic
and the attitude of the United States
government. The minister of for
eign affairs, Federico Gamboa, was
advised by private message of the
delivery and contents. He declared
that the officials of the Mexican gov
ernment had no comment to make.
"We are authorizing," said the
minister, "the publication of the
original notes exchanged, which 1
understand are contained in Presi
dent Wilson's message and tho fur
ther publication of the two supple
mentary notes, the latest of which
was sent to Mr. Lind at Vera Cruz
last night. They speak for them
selves. They are the only comment,
we have to make."
It was not until night that any
great number of the Mexican people
were aware of the character of Pres
ident Wilson's ?message. None of
the afternoon papers published any
of it, the only account of the pro
ceedings in the American Congress
reaching the city through private
telegrams and messages to the gov
ern mont.
Government officials refrained
from comment, reserving their ex
pressions until after consultation. In
no quar'er did the message arouse
great excitement, as tho government,
agents, as well as press dispatches,
had forewarned Gen. Huerta and his
official family as to what to expect.
Mexico's counter-policy has been
well understood for several days, and
officials join in declaring that the
attitude of the United States will
cause no change in the stand Mexico
has taken. For days rumors have
been current that Gen. Huerta
would resign or that he would at
least accede to enough of Washing
ton's demands to permit a continua
tion of negotiations. However, a
cabinet minister said this afternoon
that Huerta was determined not to
quit office, and that the summoning
to the capital of Gen. Trevino had
nothing to do with a chango In the
Presidency. Huerta appears to be
lieve that the pacification of the
country can yet be accomplished by
him.
:l,500 SOLDIERS ARE KILLED.
Insurgent Efforts to Take Mexican
City are Bloodily Repulsed.
Laredo, Texas, Aug. 2 8.-Thirty
five hundred men perished in the
seven Constitutionalist attacks on
Torre?n, between July 17 and July
28, and since that time fever has
become epidemic, food is scarce, and
no relief has been able to reach the
city.
This news was brought to-day by
travelers from the vicinity of Tor
reon, who received information by
courier last Monday. Not moro than
twenty-five Americans remain in the
city and all are reported safe.
The constitutionalists are report
ed to have lost 3,000 men, most of
them in a disastrous attempt to
flood the city by diverting tho course
of the Nasas river from its head
gates through tho valley. They
were caught in a cross-fire from the
Federal machine guns. They later
withdrew to Durango. The Federal
loss was about 500.
Reports wero also received here
to-day of the burning of tho La
Bella Union Cotton Print Factory,
ten miles from Saltillo, Friday of
last week, toy a band of rebels under
Juan Munlz. It is stated that 'Mu
niz first demanded a "loan" of 300,
000 peso;;, which was refused. Mu
nlz reduced his demands to 10,000
pesos, and when this was ignored the
plant, valued at one million pesos
($500,000), was destroyed. Four
hundred men are out of employment
as a result. William Purcell, an
English banker, is said to havo been
the principal owner of the factory.
Burning of wheat fields and other
depredations aro charged to the
band.
Dcs|H>ndenry
is often caused by Indigestion and
constipation, and quickly disappears
when Chamberlain's Tablets are
taken. For salo by all dealers, adv.
Ship Fire-Swept-1,200 on Board.
New York, Aug. 28-'Flames swept
tho steamship Imperator early to
day as lt lay in the Hoboken dock.
This is the largest boat afloat. The
crew and 1,131 steerage passengers
were aboard. Two perished fighting
the flames. Tons of water poured
into the steamer's hold and lt listed
15 degrees.
leo give tho civilized world a satis
factory reason for rejecting our
good offices? If Mexico can suggest
any better way in which to show our
friendship, serve the people of Mex
ico and meet our international obli
gation*;, wo are more than willing to
consider tho suggestion.
